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1.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 52(3): 6, July-Sept. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576179

RESUMO

Abstract Postoperative pain management in hip surgery is classified as severe and its inadequate control leads to complications that increase patient morbidity and mortality. The PENG block is advocated as a safe, opioid-sparing analgesic technique, which provides an adequate level of analgesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze about the efficacy, safety and therapeutic appropriateness of the PENG block in hip surgery. To this end, a narrative review is conducted using various databases such as PubMed and the Cochrane library. In all of the studies analyzed, an adequate postoperative pain control was achieved using the PENG block, with reduction in pain assessment scales and opioid consumption in the first postoperative hours. Improved results were also seen as compared with other regional blocks. There were few adverse effects and none of them was classified as severe. The PENG block contributes with numerous advantages and few adverse effects for hip surgery. Further studies are needed on this block, whether alone or in combination with other regional techniques, so as to include it in analgesia protocols, developing a standardized approach and study the outcomes in more controlled settings.


Resumen El manejo del dolor posoperatorio en cirugía de cadera se cataloga como severo y su inadecuado control conduce a complicaciones que aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. El bloqueo PENG se postula como una técnica analgésica segura, ahorradora de opioides, que otorga un nivel analgésico adecuado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar acerca de la eficacia, seguridad y el lugar terapéutico del bloqueo PENG en cirugía de cadera. Para ello, se hace una revisión narrativa utilizando distintas bases de datos como PubMed y la biblioteca Cochrane. En todos los estudios analizados se observó un adecuado control del dolor posoperatorio con el uso del bloqueo PENG, con reducción en las escalas de evaluación del dolor y en el consumo de opioides en las primeras horas del posoperatorio. También se evidenciaron mejores resultados en comparación con otros bloqueos regionales. Los efectos adversos fueron escasos, y ninguno se catalogó como grave. El bloqueo PENG aporta numerosas ventajas con escasos efectos adversos para cirugía de cadera. Es necesario continuar estudiando este bloqueo, solo o en combinación con otras técnicas regionales, e incluirlo en protocolos de analgesia, estandarizarlo y estudiar sus resultados en escenarios más controlados.

2.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(6): 794-809, Nov.Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520384

RESUMO

Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Nervo Femoral , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fáscia/lesões
3.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 73(6): 794-809, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507071

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. RESULTS: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=339628.


Assuntos
Nervo Femoral , Bloqueio Nervoso , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Fáscia/inervação
4.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 44(3): 233-236, jul.-sep. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347746

RESUMO

Resumen: El control de dolor agudo en cirugía de cadera es un reto para el anestesiólogo, no sólo por la complejidad del dolor derivado de las osteotomías en una articulación mayor, sino por la multipatología y fragilidad que acompaña al paciente geriátrico. El bloqueo de los nervios pericapsulares, conocido como «bloqueo PENG¼ es un bloqueo guiado por ultrasonido puramente sensitivo que inhibe el impulso nociceptivo quirúrgico de tres nervios de la articulación coxofemoral: el nervio femoral, el nervio obturador y el nervio obturador accesorio. Este bloqueo tiene una duración promedio de 10 a 12 horas, prolongar esta eficacia y el margen de seguridad provistos por esta técnica fue el motivo para realizar la colocación de un catéter ecoguiado en el bloqueo PENG en un paciente masculino programado para artroplastía total de cadera con el objetivo de controlar el dolor hasta 48 horas después del procedimiento quirúrgico, optimizar recursos y disminuir su estancia intrahospitalaria y el riesgo de presentación de delirio y efectos adversos derivados del uso de opioides comúnmente asociados en pacientes de edad avanzada. El bloqueo PENG continuo forma parte del manejo multimodal aunado a anestesia general u otras técnicas de anestesia regional, con más horas de analgesia comparado con una dosis única.


Abstract: The control of acute pain in hip surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologist, not only because of the complexity of the pain derived from osteotomies in a larger joint; but because of the multipathology and fragility that accompanies the geriatric patient. The pericapsular nerve block, known as «PENG block¼ is a purely sensitive ultrasound-guided block that inhibits the surgical nociceptive impulse of three nerves of the hip joint: the femoral nerve, the obturator nerve and the accessory obturator nerve. This block has an average duration of 10 to 12 hours, prolonging this efficiency and the safety margin provided by this technique led us to place an ultrasound-guided catheter in the PENG block for a male patient scheduled for total hip arthroplasty with the objective of controlling pain up to 48 hours after the surgical procedure, optimizing resources and reducing their hospital stay and reducing the risk of delirium and adverse effects derived from the use of opioids commonly associated in elderly patients. Continuous PENG block is part of multimodal management coupled with general anesthesia or other regional anesthesia techniques, with more hours of analgesia compared to a single dose.

5.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 43(1): 69-72, ene.-mar. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347691

RESUMO

Resumen: La anestesia regional se realiza cada vez más en pacientes con fractura de cadera; ofrece mejor analgesia y menor consumo de opioides con disminución de sus efectos secundarios. Se ha estudiado la inervación sensitiva de la articulación de la cadera y el mecanismo de acción de diferentes bloqueos nerviosos; lo que nos ha llevado a proponer el abordaje del bloqueo de las ramas de los nervios pericapsulares; lo cual bloquea únicamente las ramas articulares sensitivas en forma unilateral. Técnica: Con el paciente en decúbito dorsal, se coloca el transductor convexo en plano transverso sobre la espina Iliaca anteroinferior, posteriormente se alinea con la eminencia iliopectínea de la rama púbica, rotándolo 45º hacia medial. Se inserta una aguja en plano de 80 mm en dirección lateral a medial, se deposita el anestésico local en lo profundo del tendón del psoas. Discusión: La identificación de la sonoanatomía es fundamental en el bloqueo PENG, no es un bloqueo avanzado, pero el anestesiólogo podría tener un bloqueo no exitoso y perder todos los beneficios de esta técnica. Por lo cual, presentamos las imágenes en forma detallada del procedimiento.


Abstract. Regional anesthesia is increasingly being performed in patients with hip fracture, offering better analgesia and lower consumption of opioids reducing their side effects. Recently, the sensitive innervation of the hip joint and the mechanism of action of different nerve blocks have been studied. This has led us to develop a novel ultrasound-guided approach for blockade of articular branches of the hip nerves, pericapsular nerve group. Which blocks only the sensory articular branches unilaterally. Technique: with the patient in the dorsal position, the transverse convex transducer is placed on the anterior inferior iliac spine, then align with the Iliopectineal eminence of the pubic branch rotating it 45º counter clockwise. An 80 mm flat needle is inserted lateral to medial and the local anesthetic is deposited deep in the psoas tendon. Discussion: The identification of sonoanatomy is fundamental in the PENG block, it is not an advanced block, but the anesthesiologist could have an unsuccessful block and lose all the benefits of this technique. Therefore, we present the images in detail of the procedure.

6.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(1): 141-145, 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510352

RESUMO

Ultrasound regional blockade emerged that blocks the branches of the femoral nerve, obturator and accessory obturator that innervate the anterior hip capsule, the PENG block (group of pericapsular nerves), which by its Recent description does not have enough evidence in medical practice. To verify the analgesic effect of the PENG block in patients with hip fracture and its analgesic permanence during the first 10 hours after the block in patients admitted with a diagnosis of hip fracture, at the General Interzonal Hospital of Acute "Dr Oscar E Alende "From Mar del Plata, Argentina, in the months of May to November 2019. A prospective descriptive observational study was carried out with a total of 53 patients, hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of hip fracture, with standardized intravenous analgesic scheme and who have not yet undergone hip surgery. Pain was evaluated with the EVA scale (visual analog scale) prior to the blockage, and then at 30 min and 10 hours after the blockade, 15 ml of 1% lidocaine and 15 ml of bupivacaine at 0 were used. 25%, convex or linear ultrasound probe according to patient weight and 100 mm needle. In order to reproduce and evaluate the pain, the patients had a 30º flexion of the hip. Prior to the blockade, 66% of the patients had severe pain and 34% moderate pain, none presented mild pain or absence, both at thirty minutes and ten hours after the blockade, no patient presented severe pain and all patients presented analgesia with a decrease in more than three points on the VAS scale, in some cases reaching a decrease of 10 points on that scale. The PENG block is a regional anesthesia technique that provides very good analgesia to patients with hip fractures, therefore, it is an excellent saving strategy for systemic analgesics. Knowing the analgesia provided by the blockade at 30 min and at 10 h, it could be performed both in the preoperative period for the transfer and mobilization of the patient, as well as in the postoperative period, which could save the use of opioids and decrease hospital stay.


INTRODUCCIÓN La fractura de cadera es una emergencia ortopédica común en ancianos asociada a gran morbimortalidad, una adecuada analgesia regional perioperatoria determina un ahorro en el uso de analgésicos sistémicos. Recientemente, en el año 2018, surgió un nuevo bloqueo regional ecoguiado muy prometedor que bloquea las ramas del nervio femoral, obturador y obturador accesorio que inervan la capsula anterior de la cadera, el bloqueo PENG (grupo de nervios pericapsulares), el cual por su reciente descripción no cuenta con la suficiente evidencia en la práctica médica. OBJETIVOS: Comprobar el efecto analgésico del bloqueo PENG en pacientes con fractura de cadera y su permanencia analgésica durante las 10 primeras horas posteriores al bloqueo en los pacientes internados con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera, en el Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Dr. Oscar E Alende" de Mar del Plata, Argentina, en los meses de mayo a noviembre del 2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo con un total de 53 pacientes, se incluyeron pacientes internados con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera, con esquema analgésico endovenoso estandarizado y que aún no hayan sido sometido a cirugía de cadera. Se evaluó el dolor con la escala EVA (escala análoga visual) previo al bloqueo, y luego a los 30 min y a las 10 Hs de haber realizado el bloqueo, para este se utilizaron 15 ml lidocaína 1% y 15 ml de bupivacaína al 0,25%, sonda ecográfica convexa o lineal según el peso del paciente y aguja 100 mm. Para reproducir y evaluar el dolor se les realizo a los pacientes una flexión de 30º de la cadera. RESULTADOS: Previo al bloqueo el 66% de los pacientes tuvieron dolor severo y 34% dolor moderado, ninguno presentaba dolor leve o ausencia del mismo, tanto a los treinta minutos como a las diez horas posteriores al bloqueo ningún paciente presento dolor severo y todos los pacientes presentaron analgesia con una disminución en más de tres puntos en la escala de EVA, llegando en algunos casos a una disminución de 10 puntos de dicha escala. CONCLUSIONES: El bloqueo PENG es una técnica de anestesia regional que brinda muy buena analgesia a los pacientes con fractura de cadera, por consiguiente, es una excelente estrategia ahorradora de analgésicos sistémicos. Conociendo la analgesia que brinda el bloqueo a los 30 min y a las 10 h de realizado, se podría realizar dicho bloqueo tanto en el preoperatorio para el traslado y movilización del paciente, como en el post-operatorio, lo que podría ahorrar el uso de opioides y disminuir la estancia hospitalaria.


Assuntos
Humanos , Fraturas do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Medição da Dor , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Nervo Femoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Anestesia por Condução/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Nervo Obturador/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Obturador/diagnóstico por imagem
7.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 42(3): 203-203, jul.-sep. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347652

RESUMO

Resumen: La fractura de cadera es la lesión más común que padece el grupo de pacientes geriátricos, siendo la causa más frecuente de hospitalización de los servicios de urgencias de ortopedia, creciendo su incidencia exponencialmente con la edad. El manejo de dolor postoperatorio es complejo debido a los cambios relacionados con el envejecimiento, comorbilidades e interacciones farmacológicas, entre otros. Debido a esto la terapia analgésica debe basarse en conceptos de analgesia preventiva y multimodal, con énfasis en la aplicación de bloqueos de nervios periféricos guiados con ultrasonido, donde existe evidencia de calidad moderada hacia una reducción del riesgo de neumonía, menos tiempo para la primera movilización y una reducción de los costos del régimen de analgésicos. El bloqueo del grupo nervioso pericapsular (bloqueo PENG) es un bloqueo de reciente publicación, el cual es específico para fractura de cadera, con una satisfactoria aplicación terapéutica en términos de analgesia (visitahttp://www.painoutmexico.compara obtener la versión completa del artículo y el diagrama de recomendaciones).


Abstract: Hip fracture is the most common injury suffered by the group of geriatric patients, being the most frequent cause of hospitalization in the orthopedic emergency services, increasing its incidence with age. The management of postoperative pain is complex due to changes related to aging, comorbidities and drug interactions among others. Due to this, analgesic therapy should be based on preventive and multimodal analgesia concepts, with emphasis on the application of peripheral nerve blocks guided with ultrasound, where there is evidence of moderate quality towards a reduction in the risk of pneumonia, less time for the first mobilization and a reduction in the costs of the analgesic regimen. The blocking of the pericapsular nervous group (PENG block) is a blockage of recent publication, which is specific for hip fracture, with a satisfactory therapeutic application in terms of analgesia (visithttp://www.painoutmexico.comto see the full article and recommendations diagram).

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