Engaging communities as partners in health crisis response: a realist-informed scoping review for research and policy.

BACKGROUND: Health is increasingly affected by multiple types of crises. Community engagement is recognised as being a critical element in successful crisis response, and a number of conceptual frameworks and global guideline documents have been produced. However, little is known about the usefulness of such documents and whether they contain sufficient information to guide effective community engagement in crisis response. We undertake a scoping review to examine the usefulness of conceptual literature and official guidelines on community engagement in crisis response using a realist-informed analysis [exploring contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes(CMOs)]. Specifically, we assess the extent to which sufficient detail is provided on specific health crisis contexts, the range of mechanisms (actions) that are developed and employed to engage communities in crisis response and the outcomes achieved. We also consider the extent of analysis of interactions between the mechanisms and contexts which can explain whether successful outcomes are achieved or not. SCOPE AND FINDINGS: We retained 30 documents from a total of 10,780 initially identified. Our analysis found that available evidence on context, mechanism and outcomes on community engagement in crisis response, or some of their elements, was promising, but few documents provided details on all three and even fewer were able to show evidence of the interactions between these categories, thus leaving gaps in understanding how to successfully engage communities in crisis response to secure impactful outcomes. There is evidence that involving community members in all the steps of response increases community resilience and helps to build trust. Consistent communication with the communities in time of crisis is the key for effective responses and helps to improve health indicators by avoiding preventable deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis confirms the complexity of successful community engagement and the need for strategies that help to deal with this complexity to achieve good health outcomes. Further primary research is needed to answer questions of how and why specific mechanisms, in particular contexts, can lead to positive outcomes, including what works and what does not work and how to measure these processes.

A co-designed mixed methods study on community-based gym exercise for non-ambulant adults with childhood onset disability.

PURPOSE: Explore community-based gym exercise for non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability participated in four, weekly gym sessions co-facilitated by physiotherapists and exercise professionals. Practicalities of participating in the sessions were recorded via uptake and attrition, weekly surveys, and focus groups. Perspectives of those who designed/delivered the study were gathered via weekly debrief meetings. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, qualitative data were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Ten non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability participated; 70% completed all exercise sessions. Focus groups identified three themes. "I wouldn't be able to exercise…there's no option for a community-based setting" described the lack of opportunities for exercise in gyms. "You don't realise the benefit of coming here" highlighted benefits of exercise. "We can do better" had two sub-themes: problem solving and ingredients for community-based gym exercise. Weekly feedback and debrief meetings identified practicalities related to equipment, exercises, and collaborative working between facilitators. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst there is an interest in community-based gym exercise for non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability, there remains a lack of inclusive gyms. Co-design of inclusive gym guidelines and condition-specific physical activity referral scheme may enhance opportunities for participation in gym exercise for adults with childhood-onset disability.

Adults with non-ambulant childhood-onset disability want to access gyms to self-manage their condition.Accessible facilities and provision of dignified toileting would reduce the barriers to participation in community-based gym exercise for non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability.Specialist rehabilitation staff and support are necessary to facilitate participation in community-based gym exercise by non-ambulant adults with childhood-onset disability.

Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Measure of Participation and Activities Screener in people with stroke.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians need a validated measure to assess the activity and participation of Chinese people with stroke. OBJECTIVES: To culturally adapt and psychometrically test the Chinese (Cantonese) version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Measure of Participation and Activities (C-IMPACT-S) in community-dwelling people with stroke. METHODS: We followed the standard translation procedures to culturally adapt the C-IMPACT-S. Then we administered the C-IMPACT-S to 100 people with stroke and 50 healthy counterparts for psychometric testing, including the ceiling and floor effects, internal consistency, test - retest, measurement error, minimal detectable change, correlations with other outcome measures, known-group validity and optimal cutoff scores. RESULTS: The C-IMPACT-S has no floor effects but ceiling effects in item 5. It has poor to excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.56-95) internal consistency and fair to excellent (Intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.58-1.00) test-retest reliability. The overall C-IMPACT-S mean score and activity and participation component mean scores had statistically significant no to weak correlations with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Chinese versions of Geriatric Depression Scale, Fatigue Assessment Scale, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and Community Integration Measure. The stroke participants had lower C-IMPACT-S scores then their health counterparts. The optimal cutoff scores of the overall C-IMPACT-S and activity and participation domains were 88.02% (sensitivity 72%, specificity 80%), 80.56% (sensitivity 86%, specificity 68%) and 91.67% (sensitivity 68%, specificity 80%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: C-IMPACT-S is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the levels of activity and participation of people with chronic stroke.

Moderation Effects of Daily Behavior on Associations between Symptoms and Social Participation Outcomes after Burn Injury: A 6-month Digital Phenotyping Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the moderation effects of daily behavior on the associations between symptoms and social participation outcomes after burn injury DESIGN: A 6-month prospective cohort study SETTING: Community PARTICIPANTS: 24 adult burn survivors INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms and social participation outcomes were assessed weekly using smartphone surveys, including symptoms of pain (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity and Pain Interference), anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)), as well as outcomes of social interactions and social activities (Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Social Interactions and Social Activities). Daily behaviors were automatically recorded by a smartphone application and smartphone logs, including physical activity (steps, travel miles, and activity minutes), sleep (sleep hours), and social contact (number of phone call and message contacts). RESULTS: Multilevel models controlling for demographic and burn injury variables examined the associations between symptoms and social participation outcomes, and the moderation effects of daily behaviors. Lower (worse) LIBRE Social Interactions and LIBRE Social Activities scores were significantly associated with higher (worse) PROMIS Pain Intensity, PROMIS Pain Interference, PROMIS Anxiety, and PHQ-8 scores (p<0.05). Additionally, daily steps and activity minutes were associated with LIBRE Social Interactions and LIBRE Social Activities (p<0.05), and significantly moderated the association between PROMIS Anxiety and LIBRE Social Activities (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Social participation outcomes are associated with pain, anxiety, and depression symptoms after burn injury, and are buffered by daily physical activity. Future interventions studies should examine physical activity promotion on improving social recovery after burns.

Instrumental activities of daily living function and cognitive status among Chinese older adults: a serial multiple mediation model.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a serial multiple mediation model to investigate the association between instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) function and cognitive status among older adults while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 3,665 individuals aged 60 years and older who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). A serial multiple mediation model was utilized to explore the direct and indirect relationship between IADL function and cognitive status and whether sleep duration, social engagement, and depressive symptoms mediated this relationship. Results: Decreased IADL function was associated with worse cognitive status [effect = -0.620, 95% CI: (-0.692, -0.540)]. Sleep duration, social participation (SP), and depressive symptoms all acted as mediators in the relationship between IADL function and cognitive status. Conclusion: This study found both direct and indirect associations between IADL function and cognitive status, providing new insights into the effective prevention and intervention of cognitive decline among older adults.

Power Dynamics in Discussions of Contemporary Jungian Theory and Practice.

Groups of Jungian analysts, which included the present authors, met to discuss four key theoretical concepts, each of which was felt to have problematic aspects if used unquestioningly in contemporary practice. The concepts were: The Primitive, Inner and Outer Worlds, Contrasexuality and Participation Mystique. The discussions were informed by clinical material and specific papers chosen for their critical evaluation of the topic. Four recorded transcripts were made, with permission, for further consideration of the relationship between contemporary Jungian theory and practice using the research method of thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: Work of Analysis, Frames of Reference and Power Dynamics. The authors discuss the themes in relation to the overarching theme of power, understood as operating at conscious and unconscious levels. The artwork "Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View" by Cornelia Parker is used as a metaphor in discussing the dynamic of challenging foundational concepts. The authors suggest that power dynamics are intrinsic in both the difficulty and the benefits of critically evaluating key concepts, binding together the theoretical (what informs us) with the clinical (what we do in the consulting room) as well as blowing apart pre-conceived notions of what underpins the analyst's work.

Les auteurs de cet article ont fait partie de groupes d'analystes jungiens qui se sont rencontrés pour débattre de quatre concepts théoriques fondamentaux, chacun de ces concepts étant perçu comme problématique si on l'utilise dans la pratique contemporaine sans se poser de questions. Ces concepts sont : primitif, mondes intérieur et extérieur, contra­sexualité et participation mystique. Les discussions ont été nourries par du matériel clinique et par des articles spécialement choisis pour leur évaluation critique du sujet traité. Quatre transcriptions enregistrées furent faites, avec l'accord des personnes concernées, pour une étude plus approfondie de la relation entre la théorie et la pratique jungienne contemporaine, en s'appuyant sur la méthode de recherche de l'analyse thématique. Trois thèmes furent identifiés : le travail d'analyse, les cadres de référence, et les dynamiques de pouvoir. Les auteurs débattent de ces thèmes en les reliant avec le thème fondamental du pouvoir, perçu comme fonctionnant aux niveaux conscient et inconscient. L'œuvre de l'artiste Cornelia Parker « Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View ¼ est utilisée comme métaphore lorsqu'il est question de la dynamique de questionner des concepts fondamentaux. Les auteurs suggèrent que les dynamiques de pouvoir sont propres à la difficulté mais aussi aux bénéfices de cette remise en question, en reliant le théorique (ce qui nous informe) avec la clinique (ce que l'on fait dans la salle de consultation) et en faisant sauter les notions qui n'ont pas été questionnées, en ce qui concerne ce qui étaye le travail analytique.

Grupos de analistas Junguianos, los cuales incluyen a las presentes autoras, se reunieron para discutir cuatro conceptos teóricos fundamentales, cada uno de los cuales se consideraba que tenía aspectos problemáticos si se utilizaba sin cuestionamientos en la práctica contemporánea. Los conceptos eran: Primitivo, Mundos Interior y Exterior, Contrasexualidad y Participation Mystique. Los debates se basaron en material clínico y en artículos específicos elegidos para una evaluación crítica del tema. Se transcribieron con permiso cuatro grabaciones para un examen más detenido de la relación entre la teoría y la práctica junguiana contemporánea utilizando el método de investigación del análisis temático. Se identificaron tres temas: Trabajo Analítico, Marcos de Referencia y Dinámicas de Poder. Las autoras analizaron los temas en relación con el tema más amplio del poder, entendido como algo que opera a nivel consciente e inconsciente. La obra de arte "Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View", de Cornelia Parker, fue utilizada como metáfora para discutir acerca de la dinámica de cuestionar los conceptos fundamentales. Se sugiere que las dinámicas de poder son intrínsecas tanto a la dificultad como a los beneficios de hacer esta tarea, ligando lo teórico (lo que nos informa) con lo clínico (lo que hacemos en la consulta), así como a desarmar nociones incuestionadas de aquello que sustenta el trabajo analítico.

The patient's perspective on participation in a multidisciplinary team meeting: A phenomenological study.

In mental health care settings, inpatients are increasingly engaged in their care process, allowing them to participate in multidisciplinary team meetings. Research into how mental health patients (MHPs) experience participating in such meetings is, however, limited. This study aimed to explore inpatients' experiences when participating in multidisciplinary team meetings in a Belgian inpatient mental health unit. This study used a phenomenological design with data collection including semistructured interviews. Twelve individuals participated in the study. Participants were MHPs admitted to a mental health unit that works according to the model of recovery-oriented mental health practice. Findings were analysed utilising thematic analysis. Results showed that the MHPs' experiences were mainly positive but intense. Themes included: 'Feeling honoured to be invited', 'Sense of obligation', 'Feeling nervous', 'Transparency in team members' insights', 'Feeling supported by the (primary) nurse' and 'Duality about the presence of relatives'. By taking these findings into account, (mental) healthcare workers gain insight into the patient's lived experiences, allowing them to provide more person-centred care when inpatients participate in multidisciplinary team meetings. Moreover, these findings can support mental health units in implementing or optimising patient participation in multidisciplinary team meetings. Finally, other (mental health) patients can also benefit from these findings as it can help them to put feelings and thoughts into perspective when participating in a multidisciplinary team meeting during a hospital admittance.

Older adults, perceived ageism, civic participation and mental health: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: This study has three objectives: A) To investigate the relationship of ageism on older adults' civic activities; B) To analyze the influence of ageism on mental health; and C) To explore the impact of civic participation on older adults' mental health. METHOD: This qualitative study included 782 older people from three different nationalities (Portuguese, Brazilian, and English) ranging in age from 65 to 88. All the interviews went through the process of content analysis. RESULTS: For the first objective, the findings encompass one high-level theme (Social and individual incompetence), which included social rejection (86%), reduced competence (84%), expectations of failure (83%), and not being able to contribute (77%). For the second objective, findings indicated two overarching categories: Perceived inability, including frustration and impotence (89%), incompetence (77%) and irrelevance (71%); and Perceived distress, including anger (81%), feelings of anxiety (68%); and emotional bursts (63%). For the third objective, the following two high-level themes emerged: Ego-oriented resources, which comprised the development of a sense of purpose (81%), learning cognitive skills (71%), and (A3) practising sense of agency (67%); and Social-oriented resources, encompassing feeling socially integrated (80%); and expressing emotionally (54%). Findings indicated that the most verbalized themes for the three objectives were the same across the three nationalities. CONCLUSIONS: Ageism made it difficult for people to participate in civic life, which has been linked to better mental health. These findings emphasize the need to encourage inclusive civic involvement to improve older individuals' mental health.

Self-perceived upper extremity motor function predicts health-related quality of life in chronic stroke survivors.

PURPOSE: To examine whether the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) score independently contributes to the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) score and quantified its relative contribution to SIS scores in chronic stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a university-based rehabilitation centre with people with chronic stroke (N = 95) aged ≥ 50 years. The outcome measures included paretic hand grip strength, Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), UEFI, and SIS. RESULTS: Correlation analysis revealed that paretic hand grip strength, FMA-UE, UEFI, and WMFT scores exhibited a significant moderate positive correlation with SIS scores (r = 0.544-0.687, p < 0.001). The results of a regression model indicated that after adjustment for demographic factors and stroke-related impairments, the UEFI scores remained independently associated with SIS scores, accounting for 18.8% of the variance. The entire model explained 60.3% of the variance in SIS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Self-perceived UE motor function is a crucial component to be included in rehabilitation programmes aimed at enhancing quality of life and participation among chronic stroke survivors.

Observation-based outcome measures, e.g., Fugl­Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) could not predict the health-related quality of life (Stroke Impact scale (SIS)) in chronic stroke survivors in our study, which was contradictory with current studies.A self-perceived outcome measure to evaluate upper extremity function (Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI)) could independently predict the health-related quality of life (SIS), accounting for 18.8% of the variance.Our study demonstrated that self-perceived UE motor function would be an important component to optimize the rehabilitation programmes aimed at enhancing quality of life and social participation among chronic stroke survivors.

Imagining and implementing healthy city interventions: Combined results from parallel concept mapping exercises in Montreal with community members and stakeholders.

OBJECTIVE: Built environment interventions provide structural solutions to complex urban challenges. Though community voices are part of municipal decision-making, planners and public health professionals need tools to better integrate their perspectives for desired changes (what) when implementing built environment interventions (how). We present two simultaneous concept mapping exercises conducted in Montréal, Canada, to facilitate the consideration of these dimensions. METHODS: Community members were prompted about neighbourhood changes that could improve their quality of life; stakeholders were prompted about factors that contribute to successful implementation of interventions. Through each exercise, items were generated, grouped, and rated on importance and feasibility. Concept maps were produced using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The clusters identified by community members and stakeholders were combined into a Community × Stakeholder Matrix, which supported discussions on interventions with the research's Advisory Committee. RESULTS: Thirty-two community members generated 41 responses, which resulted in 6 clusters: (1) strengthen public transportation, (2) reduce space dedicated to cars, (3) foster local social connections, (4) develop quality cycling infrastructure, (5) improve pedestrian accessibility, and (6) green the city. Thirty-seven stakeholders generated 40 items, which resulted in 5 clusters: (1) collaboration with stakeholders and citizens, (2) planning and evaluation, (3) common vision for the future, (4) regulatory framework and funding, and (5) context-informed approach. CONCLUSION: Capturing the collective vision of our urban environments and the processes underlying change through concept mapping can lead to more successful changes. We propose combining understandings of the what and how into a matrix to support evaluation and strategic planning of interventions and better integrate community voices into operational planning.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les interventions sur le cadre bâti peuvent offrir des solutions structurelles aux défis urbains complexes. Bien que les communautés fassent partie du processus décisionnel municipal, les urbanistes et les professionnels de la santé publique ont besoin d'outils pour mieux intégrer leurs perspectives sur les changements souhaités (le quoi) dans la mise en œuvre réussie des programmes et des interventions sur l'environnement bâti (le comment). Nous présentons deux exercices simultanés de cartographie conceptuelle menés à Montréal, Canada, visant à capter ces dimensions de mise en œuvre. MéTHODES: Les membres de la communauté ont été sondés sur les changements dans leur quartier qui seraient susceptibles d'améliorer leur qualité de vie, tandis que des acteurs municipaux ont été sondés sur les facteurs qui contribuent à la réussite de la mise en œuvre des interventions urbaines. Pour chaque exercice, des items ont été générés, regroupés et notés en fonction de leur importance et de leur faisabilité. Des cartes conceptuelles ont été produites à l'aide d'analyse multivariée d'étalonnage multidimensionnel et d'une analyse hiérarchique ascendante. Les regroupements identifiés par les membres de la communauté et les acteurs municipaux ont été combinés dans une matrice communauté × acteurs municipaux, qui a encadré une discussion sur les interventions sur le cadre bâti avec le comité consultatif du programme de recherche. RéSULTATS: Trente-deux membres de la communauté ont généré 41 réponses uniques, qui ont formé 6 regroupements : (1) renforcer les transports en commun, (2) réduire l'espace dédié aux voitures, (3) favoriser le lien social local, (4) développer des infrastructures cyclables de qualité, (5) améliorer l'accessibilité piétonne, et (6) verdir la ville. Trente-sept acteurs municipaux ont généré 40 éléments uniques, qui ont mené à 5 regroupements : (1) collaboration avec les parties prenantes et les citoyens, (2) planification et évaluation, (3) vision commune pour l'avenir, (4) cadre réglementaire et financement, et (5) approche contextuelle. CONCLUSION: En captant la vision collective sur nos environnements urbains et la compréhension des processus sous-jacents au changement avec la cartographie conceptuelle, les transformations urbaines peuvent être plus réussies et plus inclusives. Nous proposons de combiner les perspectives sur le quoi et le comment dans une matrice pour soutenir l'évaluation et la planification stratégique d'interventions, tout en promouvant l'intégration des voix de la communauté dans la planification opérationnelle de l'aménagement urbain.

Evaluation of the Effect of Parental Participation on Chinese Adolescent Behavioral Development Through the Mediating Effect of Peers: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Background: With the rapid changes in the social environment, adolescents are facing increasing academic pressure and challenges to their physical and mental development in the socialization process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence mechanisms of parental participation on adolescent behavioral development (learning persistence, expressive language ability and knowledge absorption ability), revealing the mediation role of adolescent positive and negative peer interactions between parental participation and behavioral development, and whether differences in parents and children's educational expectations moderate this process. Methods: This study was measured using the Parental Participation Questionnaire, Peer Interaction Questionnaire, Behavioral Development Scale, and Educational Expectancy Gap from the China Education Panel Survey. A total of 7730 seventh-grade students and their parents were invited to participate, to establish a moderated mediation model, and the significance of the mediation effect was tested using the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method. Results: (1) High frequent parental participation has a significant positive effect on adolescent behavioral development, including behavioral participation, emotional participation, and educational participation all exerting varying degrees of positive influence, as well as positively influencing adolescents' peer interactions. (2) Positive and negative peer interactions play the mediation role of 12.3% and 2.5% respectively in the process of parental participation affecting adolescent behavioral development. (3) Comparing "educational expectation gap - equal", the "educational expectation gap - high" negatively moderates the effect of parental participation on adolescent behavioral development and positive peer interaction (inhibitory effect), the "educational expectation gap - low" positively moderates the effect of parental participation on negative peer interaction (facilitation effect), which meant that the "educational expectation gap - equal" between parents and children is a more desirable state. Conclusion: These findings provide empirical support and effective operational suggestions to further promote positive adolescent behavioral development. Particularly for developing countries, it is recognized that positive parental participation and peer interaction, as well as equal educational expectation of parents and children, are protective factors for adolescent development.

The threshold of rural placement frequency and duration: A repeated cross-sectional study examining rural career aspirations among student nurses.

AIM: This study aimed to explore what changes rural placement had on the perceptions of nursing students and the impact of placement frequency and duration on student considerations for rural practice. BACKGROUND: A strong rural healthcare workforce is a global concern and has led countries to look for creative ways to address this challenge. One approach is to train more health professionals, however, nursing students who grew up or lived in metropolitan or urbanised areas are suggested to be less inclined to pursue a rural career. As such it is posited that recurrent exposure to rural settings may exert a positive impact on future intention for rural practice. However, there is a need to explore the specific thresholds related to both the frequency and duration of rural placement exposure, as well as the cumulative impact multiple rural placements may have on the intention to engage in rural practice. DESIGN: A repeated cross-sectional design. METHODS: All nursing students from an Australian regional university were invited to complete an online questionnaire between 2019 and 2023. Demographic and placement specific questions were included. A modified version of the Nursing Community Apgar tool also measured the importance of key variables in rural career decision-making. Data were analysed using independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Significance was determined at two-tailed p≤.05. RESULTS: Among the 835 respondents (response rate 15.4%), the average number and duration of rural placements was 2.45 placements and 3.01 weeks respectively. Rural placements did not have an impact on students who resided rurally or regionally. However, among metropolitan students who had experienced more than three rural placements, or more than sixteen cumulative weeks of placement, were significantly more likely to consider rural employment. Greater number of rural placements and longer cumulative duration had the greatest impact. CONCLUSION: Issues related to the nursing rural workforce are dynamic and complex. Understanding the unique drivers that improve the rural experiences among students, particularly metropolitan students, can have an impact on decision-making to pursue employment in rural environments. Importantly, whilst professional and clinical motivation and experiences are influential factors, the socialisation, environment and community features are essential elements that influence students' decisions to pursue a career in rural practice. Undertaking a nuanced approach that facilitates rural practice understanding among students may help shape future employment decision-making.

Social Participation Patterns Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Community Social Cohesion and Health.

The objectives of this study were to investigate groupwide variations in social participation among older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and how such variations were associated with their community social cohesion and health. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2019-2020; n = 2,597 adults aged 65 or older). Latent class analysis was used to identify groupwide variations in social participation. These variations were then incorporated into adjusted regressions to test relationships with social cohesion and health. Four participation patterns emerged: active, selective independent, occasional, and selective religious participants. Selective independent and occasional participants were likely to live in less socially cohesive communities. During the pandemic, active participants were likely to report better self-rated health and lower risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms and dementia. Findings highlight directions for policy and intervention design that can enhance social participation and support healthy aging.

Construct validity of the simplified Chinese version of the instrument 'Picture My Participation'.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence of the content validity of the simplified Chinese version of 'Picture My Participation' (PMP-C; Simplified) items and reliability of the subscale attendance for the effectiveness of the use with children and youth in mainland China has been collected. However, evidence of construct validity for the instrument is not yet available. AIM: To explore the construct validity of the attendance scale in PMP-C (Simplified). METHODS: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted using PMP-C (Simplified) with a picture-supported interview for 290 children and youths aged 5-21 with and without ID in urban and rural areas of mainland China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse the resulting data. RESULTS: The EFA extracted five factors with eigenvalues greater than one and the cumulative contribution rate of factors accounted for 51.62% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.50. The five subcomponents included: organised activities, social activities, taking care of others, family life activities and personal care and development activities. CONCLUSION: The results of the factor analysis support the construct validity of the PMP-C (Simplified) attendance scale. It provides further psychometric evidence that PMP-C (Simplified) is a sound measure to assess participation for children and youths in mainland China.

Effect of social participation on the trajectories of activities of daily living disability among community-dwelling older adults: a 7-year community-based cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Studies examining the effects of social participation on activities of daily living (ADL) disability are still scarce. AIM: To assess the reciprocal relationship between ADL disability trajectories and social participation among older Chinese people aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS: This study included 2976 participants aged ≥ 60 years in six waves of a community-based survey from 2015 to 2022. Basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were used to assess the ADL disability in each survey. Social participation was assessed by involvement in four social activities and an extensive social participation score. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes over 7 years and explore associations between baseline predictors of group membership and these trajectories. RESULTS: Two BADL disability trajectories were identified: stable (94.8%) and increase (5.2%). Additionally, three IADL disability trajectories were distinguished: stable (73.2%), moderate (20.2%), and increase (6.6%). After controlling for the potential covariates, each point increase in the extensive social participation score correlated with a 17% decrease in the odds of older individuals belonging to the increase BADL trajectory group (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68-1.00). For IADL, it decreased the odds of being assigned to the moderate trajectory group by 16% (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.95) and to the increase trajectory group by 23% (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of social participation among older individuals were more likely to be classified as stable trajectories in both BADL and IADL. Increased participation in social activities by community-dwelling elderly adults may promote healthy aging.

Assessing early feasibility of a novel innovation to increase consumer partnership capability within an Australian health innovation organisation using a mixed-method approach.

OBJECTIVE: Engagement-capable health organisations recognise that consumer engagement (also known as patient engagement, consumer engagement, patient and public involvement) must occur at every level of the organisation if it is to be meaningful and genuine. Despite this aspiration, health organisations struggle to adopt, implement, and embody consumer engagement capability in a way that has yielded impact. The Partner Ring (PR) is an embedded model for building staff capability for consumer partnerships. It is hosted by an employed Patient Partner. PR was implemented at the Agency for Clinical Innovation in New South Wales, Australia. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility (acceptability, demand and practicality) of this innovation to increase consumer engagement capability. DESIGN: One-group post-intervention mixed methods approach to assess feasibility. PARTICIPANTS: ACI staff engaged in the PR (n=40 of 89 members). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Qualitative data was collected through an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven interactive interview, with 40 responses received between 29 June and 12 July 2023. A framework analysis and Generative AI causal mapping were conducted to identify and visualise causal claims within the texts. Cost and session attendance collected from the same point in time supplemented the analysis. FINDINGS: Findings were categorised by the following feasibility constructs: acceptability, demand and practicality. Almost all the respondents indicated their intent to continue using the PR and outlined personal benefits and professional benefits. For example, (n=23, 57%) reacted positively to the psychological safety of the PR, and professionally people identified attendance increased their knowledge and skills (n=23, 57%). CONCLUSION: The PR is feasible and likely to be an acceptable innovation for building staff capability and consumer engagement skills across a large health system or organisation. It could be adopted or adapted by other jurisdictions.

Patient, caregiver and other knowledge user engagement in consensus-building healthcare initiatives: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Patient engagement and integrated knowledge translation (iKT) processes improve health outcomes and care experiences through meaningful partnerships in consensus-building initiatives and research. Consensus-building is essential for engaging a diverse group of experienced knowledge users in co-developing and supporting a solution where none readily exists or is less optimal. Patients and caregivers provide invaluable insights for building consensus in decision-making around healthcare, policy and research. However, despite emerging evidence, patient engagement remains sparse within consensus-building initiatives. Specifically, our research has identified a lack of opportunity for youth living with chronic health conditions and their caregivers to participate in developing consensus on indicators/benchmarks for transition into adult care. To bridge this gap and inform our consensus-building approach with youth/caregivers, this scoping review will synthesise the extent of the literature on patient and other knowledge user engagement in consensus-building healthcare initiatives. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Following the scoping review methodology from Joanna Briggs Institute, published literature will be searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases from inception to July 2023. Grey literature will be hand-searched. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of articles in a two-stage process, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Included studies must be consensus-building studies within the healthcare context that involve patient engagement strategies. Data from eligible studies will be extracted and charted on a standardised form. Abstracted data will be analysed quantitatively and descriptively, according to specific consensus methodologies, and patient engagement models and/or strategies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review protocol. The review process and findings will be shared with and informed by relevant knowledge users. Dissemination of findings will also include peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The results will offer new insights for supporting patient engagement in consensus-building healthcare initiatives. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/beqjr.

Emerging technologies in citizen science and potential for insect monitoring.

Emerging technologies are increasingly employed in environmental citizen science projects. This integration offers benefits and opportunities for scientists and participants alike. Citizen science can support large-scale, long-term monitoring of species occurrences, behaviour and interactions. At the same time, technologies can foster participant engagement, regardless of pre-existing taxonomic expertise or experience, and permit new types of data to be collected. Yet, technologies may also create challenges by potentially increasing financial costs, necessitating technological expertise or demanding training of participants. Technology could also reduce people's direct involvement and engagement with nature. In this perspective, we discuss how current technologies have spurred an increase in citizen science projects and how the implementation of emerging technologies in citizen science may enhance scientific impact and public engagement. We show how technology can act as (i) a facilitator of current citizen science and monitoring efforts, (ii) an enabler of new research opportunities, and (iii) a transformer of science, policy and public participation, but could also become (iv) an inhibitor of participation, equity and scientific rigour. Technology is developing fast and promises to provide many exciting opportunities for citizen science and insect monitoring, but while we seize these opportunities, we must remain vigilant against potential risks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.

Experiences of children with congenital Zika syndrome while using motorized mobility: a qualitative study using the photovoice method.

AIM: The congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) often leads to severe motor impairment in affected children, making independent walking unlikely. Early introduction of motorized mobility through ride-on cars has been recommended for young children with severe motor impairment, enabling independent movement in various environments. This study aims to explore mothers' perceptions of their children's experiences while using ride-on cars at home and in the community, focusing on children with CZS. METHODS: This is a qualitative and descriptive study design using the Photovoice method. Four mothers of children with CZS, participating in the 'Go Zika Go' intervention project, were included. The research involved the following six steps: 1) Presentation of guide questions and Photovoice training; 2) Participants capturing photos; 3) Individual interviews to contextualize the photos; 4) Transcription and data analysis using thematic analysis principles; 5) Validation of analyses by mothers; and 6) Exhibition of photos to the community. RESULTS: The mothers and researchers selected the 21 most relevant photographs, which revealed five main themes related to the use of motorized ride-on cars: 1) Experiences of participation; 2) Independence in mobility; 3) Characteristics of mobility devices; 4) Family support; and 5) Accessibility of the environment. CONCLUSION: The narratives provided by participants, along with photographs depicting the daily lives of children with CZS, shed light on aspects of functionality, autonomy, and participation. The use of these devices contributes to overall equity, breaking down social and cultural barriers and enabling children with disabilities to be seen as equals by their peers.

To understand the barriers and facilitators experienced by children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) when using motorized ride-on cars at home and in the community can contribute to the planning of interventions aimed at implementing motorized mobility as an intervention modality for children with severe motor and cognitive impairments in low- and middle-income countries.The Photovoice method can be useful to capture the experiences of children with severe disabilities such as Congenital Zika Syndrome while using adapted motorized ride-on cars.Involving mothers of children with severe disabilities as co-researchers can contribute to the advancement of more relevant research for the public/patient, considering that they are specialists by knowledge.The use of motorized mobility for children with CZS can minimize social disadvantages, favor equity in its entirety, providing for the breakdown of cultural and attitudinal barriers.

The influence of gender and temephos exposure on community participation in dengue prevention: a compartmental mathematical model.

BACKGROUND: The use of temephos, the most common intervention for the chemical control of Aedes aegypti over the last half century, has disappointing results in control of the infection. The footprint of Aedes and the diseases it carries have spread relentlessly despite massive volumes of temephos. Recent advances in community participation show this might be more effective and sustainable for the control of the dengue vector. METHODS: Using data from the Camino Verde cluster randomized controlled trial, a compartmental mathematical model examines the dynamics of dengue infection with different levels of community participation, taking account of gender of respondent and exposure to temephos. RESULTS: Simulation of dengue endemicity showed community participation affected the basic reproductive number of infected people. The greatest short-term effect, in terms of people infected with the virus, was the combination of temephos intervention and community participation. There was no evidence of a protective effect of temephos 220 days after the onset of the spread of dengue. CONCLUSIONS: Male responses about community participation did not significantly affect modelled numbers of infected people and infectious mosquitoes. Our model suggests that, in the long term, community participation alone may have the best results. Adding temephos to community participation does not improve the effect of community participation alone.