Pasteurization of passion fruit Passiflora setacea pulp to optimize bioactive compounds retention.

Passiflora setacea is a wild species of passion fruit with interesting functional properties. Fruit seasonality demands conservation methods to enable its consumption throughout the year. We evaluated High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) binomials on physical, chemical, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of Passiflora setacea pulps. In natura (IN) and pasteurized pulps were analysed for DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C, bioactive amines, flavonoids, color, remaining enzymatic activity (REA), microbiological analyzes, sensory evaluation and physical stability. All binomials reached microbiological standards. Binomials 82 °C/20 s and 82 °C/40 s were selected for providing higher total antioxidant activity (TAA), TPC and lower REA. The highest levels of antioxidant activity, flavonoids, vitamin C were kept by 82 °C/20 s, without difference from IN pulp. LTLT binomial showed higher retention of bioactive amines, but also higher REA. Sensory acceptance was not affected by the binomials but pasteurized-cooked flavor was more checked for 82 °C 40 s than IN pulp.

Acute Effects of the Consumption of Passiflora setacea Juice on Metabolic Risk Factors and Gene Expression Profile in Humans.

BACKGROUND: Passiflora setacea (PS) is a passionfruit variety of the Brazilian savannah and is a rich source of plant food bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute intake of PS juice upon inflammation, metabolic parameters, and gene expression on circulating immune cells in humans. METHODS: Overweight male volunteers (n = 12) were enrolled in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Blood samples were collected from fasting volunteers 3 h after the consumption of 250 mL of PS juice or placebo (PB). Metabolic parameters (insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total triglycerides) and circulating cytokines were evaluated (study 1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from the same subjects were isolated and RNA was extracted for transcriptomic analyses using microarrays (study 2). RESULTS: Insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased statistically after the PS juice intake, whereas HDL level increased significantly. Interleukin (IL)-17A level increased after placebo consumption, whereas its level remained unchanged after PS juice consumption. Nutrigenomic analyses revealed 1327 differentially expressed genes after PS consumption, with modulated genes involved in processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, or cytokine-cytokine receptor. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these clinical results support the hypothesis that PS consumption may help the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

Effect of training system and climate conditions on phytochemicals of Passiflora setacea, a wild Passiflora from Brazilian savannah.

Passiflora setacea is a Brazilian savannah fruit known as a good source of phytochemicals. The phytochemical composition is influenced by environmental factors and management techniques such as training system. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of training system (espalier or trellis) and environmental factors (temperature, precipitation and sunlight exposure) on antioxidant capacity and bioactive composition of P. setacea pulp. Total phenolic compounds (TP), proantocyanidins (PA), total flavonoids (TF), vitamin C and total antioxidant activity were analyzed. Five flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and hesperetin) were determined by HPLC-DAD, using calibration curves. Training system presented no effects on TP, PA, TF and antioxidant activity, whereas rainy season year 2 increased FRAP values, TF, orientin, isovitexin and hesperetin content, which could be associate to climate stressful condition leading to higher levels of these compounds.

Pre-harvest factors related to sensory profile of Passiflora setacea nectars, a wild passion fruit from Brazilian savannah.

BACKGROUND: Passiflora setacea DC. is a passion fruit species native from Brazilian savannah characterized by naturally sweet sensory characteristics. The sensory quality of the pulp can be affected by the growing environment. The effect of training systems (trellis or espalier), seasons (the weather conditions in periods of drought and rain) and addition of seeds to the juice (25%) were evaluated, with emphasis on the sensory quality of P. setacea nectars. RESULTS: Training systems of P. setacea plantation did not influence flavor or aroma of nectars. Season had an effect on texture attributes. Although training system and season had impact on pH, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), polyphenolics and condensed tannins content, these environment factors had no influence on acceptance. Seeds addition had a negative effect on overall liking. Frequency of consumption of passion fruit and functional food did not influence nectar preference whereas being neophilic or having higher level of knowledge about functional foods favored greater acceptance of P. setacea nectars. CONCLUSION: Passiflora setacea nectar is a potential functional beverage, due its bioactive contents. Training system and season had no influence on acceptance as isolated factors. However, there was an interaction between these factors, which could be considered to market projection, as well as the addition of seeds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

In Vitro Culture and Phytochemical Analysis of Passiflora tenuifila Killip and Passiflora setacea DC (Passifloraceae).

We have developed reproducible micropropagation, callus culture, phytochemical, and antioxidant analysis protocols for the wild passion fruit species P. tenuifila, and P. setacea, native to the Brazilian endangered biomes Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga, by using seeds and explants from seedlings and adult plants. Genotype and explant origin-linked differences are visible amongst the Passiflora species concerning callus production, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity. The protocols developed for screening phytochemicals and antioxidants in P. tenuifila and P. setacea callus extracts have shown their potential for phenolic production and antioxidant activity. The high level of phenolic compounds seems to account for the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of P. tenuifila derived from 45-day-old immature seed callus. The methanolic extracts of callus derived from P. setacea seedling leaf node and cotyledonary node explants have shown the highest antioxidant activity despite their lower content of phenolics, as compared to cotyledon callus extracts. The optimized micropropagation and callus culture protocols have great potential to use cell culture techniques for further vegetative propagation, in vitro germplasm conservation, and secondary metabolite production using biotic and abiotic elicitors.

Reação de híbridos interespecíficos de Passiflora spp. à Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae / Reaction of interspecific hybrids of Passiflora spp. to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae

Avaliou-se o grau de resistência de 36 clones de maracujazeiro obtidos por seleção massal de sete progênies de híbridos interespecíficos a três isolados de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. As progênies foram obtidas por meio de cruzamentos entre a cultivar comercial Passiflora edulis "flavicarpa" com as espécies silvestres P. caerulea, P. edulis "roxo" e P. setacea. Os isolados da bactéria foram obtidos em Rio Claro-SP, Planaltina-DF e Limeira-SP. Clones individuais foram inoculados com solução bacteriana na concentração de 108ufc ml-1 aos 120 dias da semeadura. As avaliações ocorreram aos 5, 10 e 15 dias após a inoculação, medindo-se o diâmetro longitudinal e transversal das lesões. Em seguida, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da lesão (AACPL). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, sendo os genótipos os tratamentos distribuídos em quatro blocos com parcelas de três plantas para cada genótipo. Em cada parcela, plantas individuais foram inoculadas com um dos isolados da bactéria, totalizando três plantas com isolados diferentes. Plantas das espécies genitoras P. caerulea (AACPL=0,17) e P. setacea (AACPL=14,50) apresentaram alto grau de resistência, quando comparadas às plantas da testemunha BRS Gigante Amarelo (AACPL=4089,25), enquanto genótipos híbridos apresentaram valores intermediários (AACPL de 15,67 a 768,42), indicando a importância desses materiais como fontes de resistência à bacteriose.

The aim of this study was to evaluated the degree of resistance of 36 clones of passion obtained through mass selection progenies of seven interspecific hybrids, to three different isolates of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae. The progenies were obtained by crossing among a commercial cultivate Passiflora edulis "yellow passion fruit" with wild species P. caerulea, P. edulis "purple passion fruit" and P. setacea. The bacterial isolates used were obtained in Rio Claro,SP, Planaltina,DF and Limeira,SP. Individual cloned were inoculated with bacterial solution in concentration with 108cfu ml-1 to 120 days of sowing. Symptoms were evaluated at 5, 10 and 15 days after inoculation, by measuring the longitudinal and transverse diameter of the lesion. Then, it was calculated the area under the lesion progress curve (AUPLC). A complete randomized block design with split plots was used, the treatments were the tested genotypes replicated in four blocks. All genotypes in each block had a three-plant plot. The bacterial isolates were inoculated in one plant of the plot, totaling three plants with different isolates. The plants of the genitors species P. caerulea (AUPLC=0.17) and P. setacea (AUPLC=14.50) presented high degree of resistance when compared to control plants BRS 'Gigante Amarelo' (AUPLC=4089.25), while hybrids genotypes presented intermediary values (AUPLC of 15.67 the 768.42), showing the importance of these wild Passiflora species as source of resistance to bacterial disease.