Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e histopatológicos de pacientes con lesiones en la mucosa bucal / Clinical, epidemiological, histological and pathological aspects of patients with lesions in the oral mucosa i: en

Introducción: Las lesiones en la mucosa bucal constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones, de cuyo diagnóstico temprano depende el pronóstico y el tratamiento. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con lesiones en la mucosa bucal según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas e histopatológicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 23 pacientes con lesiones en la mucosa bucal pertenecientes a los consultorios médicos de la familia del reparto Vista Alegre, quienes fueron asistidos en la consulta de estomatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba desde septiembre del 2021 hasta junio del 2022. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 60 y más años, la estomatitis subprótesis como lesión más frecuente (39,1 %) y los traumatismos crónicos como factores de riesgo (65,2 %); asimismo, en los pacientes remitidos al nivel secundario de atención hubo coincidencia entre los diagnósticos clínico e histopatológico (76,9 % ). Conclusiones: De la valoración clínica, epidemiológica e histopatológica de estas lesiones y de la preparación de los especialistas sobre el tema dependerá el diagnóstico definitivo.

Introduction: Lesions in the oral mucosa constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders which prognosis and treatment depend on the early diagnosis. Objective: To characterize patients with lesions in the oral mucosa according to clinical, epidemiological, histological and pathological variables. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of 23 patients with lesions in the oral mucosa was carried out. They belonged to the family doctor offices from Vista Alegre neighborhood and were assisted in the Stomatology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from September, 2021 to June, 2022. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex, the 60 years and over age group, subprosthesis stomatitis as more frequent lesion (39.1%) and chronic traumatisms as risk factors (65.2%); also, in patients referred to the secondary care level there was coincidence between the clinical, histological and pathological diagnoses (76.9%). Conclusions: The final diagnosis will depend on the clinical, epidemiological, histological and pathological valuation of these lesions and on the preparation of the specialists on the topic.

Diagnóstico Patológico en Mora de Castilla Rubus glaucus Bentham (Rosales:Rosaceae) / A pathological diagnosis of Rubus glaucus Bentham Andean blackberry (Rosales:Rosaceae) / Diagnóstico patológico em amora preta de Castilla Rubus glaucus Bentham (Rosales:Rosaceae)

Resumen Se realizó un diagnóstico patológico de un cultivo de Mora de Castilla en la vereda Pascote, municipio de Gutiérrez Cundinamarca, Colombia. Las muestras vegetales se tomaron de las hojas, tallo, flor, fruto y raíz; las cuales, se procesaron en identificaron en el laboratorio de fitopatología de la Universidad de los Llanos. En el campo se evaluó incidencia de cada síntoma. Se encontraron cuatro patógenos fungosos Colletrotrichum . gloesporoides (Penz.) Penz. con 40.00% de incidencia, Peronospora sparsa Berk con una incidencia del 20.00 %, Oidium sp, con 12.50% de incidencia y Botrytis cinérea Perms., con una incidencia del 7.50 %.

Abstract A pathological diagnosis was made of an Andean blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Bentham) in the rural area of Pascote, in the municipality of Gutiérrez, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Samples were taken from blackberry leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and roots; they were processed and identified in the Universidad de Los Llanos' plant pathology laboratory. Pathogen/disease symptom incidence was evaluated in the field. Four fungal pathogens were found and identified: Colletotrichum gloesporoides (Penz.) Penz (anthracnose), 40% incidence, Peronospora sparsa Berk (downy mildew), 20% incidence, Oidium sp. (powdery mildew), 12.5% incidence, and Botrytis cinerea Perms (gray mold disease), 7.5% incidence.

Resumo Realizou-se um diagnóstico fitopatológico num cultivo de amora preta no Vilarejo de Pascote, município de Gutiérrez, Cundi­namarca, Colômbia. As amostras vegetais foram colhidas das folhas, caule, flor, fruto e raiz; que foram processados e identificados no laboratório de patologia vegetal da Universidad de los Llanos. A incidência de cada sintoma foi avaliada no campo. Foram encontrados quatro patógenos fúngicos: Colletrotrichum. gloesporoides (Penz.) Penz. com uma inci­dência de 40,00%; Peronospora sparsa Berk com uma incidência de 20,00%; Oidium sp, com uma incidência de 12,50%; e Botrytis cinérea Perms., com uma incidência de 7,50%.

Tumor de Células de Sertoli del ovario: Reporte de un caso / Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary. A case report

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores de Células de Sertoli son una entidad rara, con una frecuencia de 0,2-0,5 % del cáncer de ovario. El diagnóstico inicial de este tipo de tumores es difícil, debido a las variedades histológicas que presenta y a su diferenciación. Objetivo: Demostrar el valor del completamiento del proceso diagnóstico con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica en tumores ováricos para identificar una variante rara como el tumor de Células de Sertoli. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un caso de un tumor de ovario primitivo de Células de Sertoli en una paciente de 43 años de edad, con antecedentes personales de hipotiroidismo, intervenida quirúrgicamente por un tumor sólido del ovario derecho en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostino Neto". En el intraoperatorio, se encontró un tumor gigante de aspecto maligno. El resultado anatomopatológico informó un tumor carcinoide típico. La paciente fue remitida al Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, donde la inmunohistoquímica de la biopsia informó un tumor de Células de Sertoli. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra asintomática. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico anatomopatológico preciso y la inmunohistoquímica correcta son muy importantes para el manejo y tratamiento de este tipo de tumor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sertoli cell tumors are a rare entity with an incidence of ovarian cancer of 0,2-0,5 %. The initial diagnosis of this type of tumors is difficult to make due to the histological varieties and its differentiation. Objective: To demonstrate the value of immunochemical techniques in the completion of the diagnostic process of ovarian tumors aimed at identifying a rare variant such as Sertoli cell tumor. Case presentation: A 43-year old woman with a primitive Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary is presented. The patient had personal history of hypothyroidism. She underwent surgery at "Dr. Agostinho Neto" General Teaching Hospital because she had been diagnosed with a solid tumor of the right ovary. During the intraoperative period, a giant tumor with a malignant appearance was found. The pathological result reported a typical carcinoid tumor. The patient was referred to the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology where the immunohistochemistry of the biopsy reported a Sertoli cell tumor. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic. Conclusions: The accurate pathological diagnosis and the correct immunohistochemistry are very important for the management and treatment of this type of tumor.

Coryneform Bacteria in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Morphological Diagnosis in Breast Biopsies.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare disease whose origin is still unknown and shows an increase in its frequency. Morphological, microbiological, and molecular biology studies have linked this disease to lipophilic and fastidious corynebacteria, suggesting its possible infectious etiology. This series describes and reviews in detail the distinctive morphological characteristics of the bacteria present in the granulomas of this disease, the usefulness of histochemical techniques for their identification, and our proposal for a tissue quantification score for the bacteria. The MacCallum-Goodpasture method of Gram's stain turned out to be the gold standard for examination, but we also highlight the efficiency of hematoxylin and eosin stain when it is exhaustively examined as well as the Grocott stain to evaluate the bacterial pleomorphism method, which is often underutilized.

Variabilidad en la coincidencia de los diagnósticos clínicos y patológicos de pacientes fallecidos en servicios hospitalarios / Variability in the coincidence of the clinical and pathological diagnoses of patients who died in hospital services

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 89 pacientes fallecidos en el Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, en los meses de septiembre a noviembre de 2016, con el objetivo de identificar algunos elementos biológicos y epidemiológicos presentes al momento de la muerte, así como la variabilidad en la coincidencia diagnóstica clínico-patológica. En la serie las defunciones fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres (55,0 por ciento), mientras la hipertensión arterial resultó la condición de riesgo predominante (56,0 por ciento) y la bronconeumonía la principal causa de mortalidad hospitalaria. Se observó un mayor número de muertes en los servicios clínicos (87,0 por ciento), pero la coincidencia en los diagnósticos clínico-patológicos fue más aceptable en las especialidades quirúrgicas. Finalmente, pudieron identificarse algunas condiciones de riesgo al momento de los decesos, así como diferencias diagnósticas en relación con las causas directas de muerte, que mostraron valores superiores a lo esperado, por lo cual se sugirió la revisión de determinados procesos asistenciales en dicha institución hospitalaria

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 89 patients, who died in Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital, was carried out in Santiago de Cuba from September to November, 2016, aimed at identifying some biological and epidemiological elements present at the moment of death, as well as the variability in the clinical-pathological diagnostic coincidence. In the series, deaths were more frequent in women (55.0 percent), while hypertension was the predominant risk condition (56.0 percent) and bronchopneumonia the main cause of hospital mortality. A higher number of deaths was observed in the clinical services (87.0 percent), but the coincidence in the clinical-pathological diagnoses was more acceptable in the surgical specialties. Finally, some risk conditions could be identified at the moment of deaths, as well as diagnostic differences related to the direct causes of death that showed values higher than expected, reason why the review of certain assistance processes in this hospital institution was suggested

Is endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with a stylet necessary for lymph node screening in lung cancer patients?

During endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), a needle is commonly used with a stylet, although recently the stylet has been omitted. This prospective study aimed to compare the quality of specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA performed with and without a stylet. Between November 2013 and November 2014, 131 patients with lung cancer underwent EBUS-TBNA, with a total of 148 mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes sampled both with and without an inner-stylet, yielding 296 cytological specimens. Specimens were scored cytologically using five parameters: background blood or clot, amount of cellular material, degree of cellular degeneration, degree of cellular trauma, and retention of appropriate architecture. The procedure with a stylet required significantly longer operation time than without a stylet (14.5±0.8 vs 12.7±1.1 min, P<0.001). Excellent specimens were obtained in 261/296 and 260/296 samples in the procedures with and without a stylet, respectively (P=0.9), while the remaining 35 and 36 samples, respectively, were adequate. The diagnosing and staging of lung cancer using EBUS-TBNA did not differ significantly between the groups. In conclusion, specimen collection by EBUS-TBNA without a stylet is easier and faster than the procedure using a stylet and absence of a stylet did not alter specimen quality or diagnostic accuracy.

Alterações patológicas do sistema genital de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas criadas em cativeiro / Pathological changes of the genital system of agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) females bred in captivity

Este artigo apresenta relatos de sete distintas patologias de origem reprodutiva ainda não descritas em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas, que afetaram a fertilidade ou resultaram na morte do animal. Descreveu-se a natureza, a localização e a frequência das alterações patológicas macroscópicas e histológicas dos órgãos que compõem o sistema reprodutivo de cutias fêmeas, criadas sob condições de cativeiro no semiárido do Brasil. Foram avaliados através do exame anatomopatológico o aparelho reprodutivo de trinta e nove cutias mortas naturalmente e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a maio de 2015. Destas, constatou-se alterações patológicas no sistema reprodutivo de 10 (25,6 %). No total, 13 alterações foram observadas, sendo que, em alguns animais haviam a coexistência de mais de uma alteração. Assim, as alterações patológicas encontradas foram: endometrite (n=4; 30,8%), piometra (n=3; 23%), retenção de placenta (n=2; 15,4%), maceração fetal (n=1; 7,7%), mumificação fetal (n=1; 7,7%), parto distócico (n=1; 7,7%) e ovários afuncionais (n=1; 7,7%).(AU)

This paper presents seven distinct reports diseases with reproductive origins that are not yet described in females agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758), affecting fertility or resulted in the animal's death. The nature, location and frequency of macroscopic and histological pathological changes of the organs that compose the reproductive system of female agoutis, created under conditions of captivity in the semiarid region of Brazil, are described in this article. Were evaluated by pathological examination of the reproductive tract of thirty-nine naturally dead agoutis and sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory in February 2010 to May 2015. From these, it was found pathological alterations in the reproductive system of 10 (25.6%). A total of 13 abnormalities were observed, and in some animals had the coexistence of more than one alteration. Thus, the pathological changes were: endometritis (n=4, 30.8%), pyometra (n=3; 23%), retained placenta (n=2; 15.4%), fetal maceration (n=1, 7.7%), fetal mummification (n=1, 7.7%), dystocia (n=1, 7.7%) and afuncionais ovary (n=1, 7.7%).(AU)

Alterações patológicas do sistema genital de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas criadas em cativeiro / Pathological changes of the genital system of agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) females bred in captivity

Este artigo apresenta relatos de sete distintas patologias de origem reprodutiva ainda não descritas em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas, que afetaram a fertilidade ou resultaram na morte do animal. Descreveu-se a natureza, a localização e a frequência das alterações patológicas macroscópicas e histológicas dos órgãos que compõem o sistema reprodutivo de cutias fêmeas, criadas sob condições de cativeiro no semiárido do Brasil. Foram avaliados através do exame anatomopatológico o aparelho reprodutivo de trinta e nove cutias mortas naturalmente e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a maio de 2015. Destas, constatou-se alterações patológicas no sistema reprodutivo de 10 (25,6 %). No total, 13 alterações foram observadas, sendo que, em alguns animais haviam a coexistência de mais de uma alteração. Assim, as alterações patológicas encontradas foram: endometrite (n=4; 30,8%), piometra (n=3; 23%), retenção de placenta (n=2; 15,4%), maceração fetal (n=1; 7,7%), mumificação fetal (n=1; 7,7%), parto distócico (n=1; 7,7%) e ovários afuncionais (n=1; 7,7%).(AU)

This paper presents seven distinct reports diseases with reproductive origins that are not yet described in females agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758), affecting fertility or resulted in the animal's death. The nature, location and frequency of macroscopic and histological pathological changes of the organs that compose the reproductive system of female agoutis, created under conditions of captivity in the semiarid region of Brazil, are described in this article. Were evaluated by pathological examination of the reproductive tract of thirty-nine naturally dead agoutis and sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory in February 2010 to May 2015. From these, it was found pathological alterations in the reproductive system of 10 (25.6%). A total of 13 abnormalities were observed, and in some animals had the coexistence of more than one alteration. Thus, the pathological changes were: endometritis (n=4, 30.8%), pyometra (n=3; 23%), retained placenta (n=2; 15.4%), fetal maceration (n=1, 7.7%), fetal mummification (n=1, 7.7%), dystocia (n=1, 7.7%) and afuncionais ovary (n=1, 7.7%).(AU)

Diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico del carcinoma in situ en la mucosa bucal / Clinical, histological and pathological diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the oral mucous

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 25 pacientes, adictos al tabaco, con carcinoma in situ en la mucosa bucal, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades perteneciente al Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde abril del 2008 hasta igual periodo del 2013, a fin de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de esta neoplasia. Mediante la técnica clásica de inclusión en parafina se confirmó la existencia de cambios celulares. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino y la ausencia de síntomas subjetivos en la forma leucoplásica. El sitio anatómico más susceptible correspondió al borde lateral de la lengua. Entre las alteraciones hísticas más comunes figuraron: hipercromatismo nuclear, membrana basal intacta, pérdida de la polaridad, así como pleomorfismo nuclear y celular...

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 25 patients, with tobacco addition and carcinoma in situ of the oral mucous, assisted in the stomatological department of the Specialties Polyclinic belonging to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from April, 2008 to same period of the 2013, in order to evaluate the results of the clinical, histological and pathological diagnosis of this neoplasia. By means of the classic technique of inclusion in paraffin the existence of cellular changes was confirmed. The male sex and the absence of subjective symptoms prevailed in the leucoplasic form in the case material. The most susceptible anatomical site corresponded to the lateral border of the tongue. Among the most common tissue alterations there were: nuclear hyperchromatism, intact basal membrane, loss of the polarity, as well as nuclear and cellular pleomorphism...

Infección por papilomavirus humano en pacientes con liquen plano bucal / Infection due to human papilomavirus in patients with oral lichen planus i: en

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 85 pacientes con liquen plano bucal asociado al virus del papiloma humano, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde noviembre del 2008 hasta igual mes del 2011, con vistas a evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico histopatológico de esta afección. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico, localización anatómica, factores de riesgo, alteraciones celulares que aparecen en el epitelio y magnitud de la displasia epitelial. En la casuística predominaron ambos sexos, el grupo etario de 20-29 años, la mucosa de carrillo como el sitio de mayor incidencia, la presencia de coilocitos como el hallazgo histológico más significativo y elevadas proporciones de la displasia epitelial leve.

A descriptive and cross sectional study of 85 patients with oral lichen planus associated with the virus of human papiloma, assisted in the estomatological service from the Specialties Polyclinic in "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out from November, 2008 to the same month of 2011, with the aim of evaluating the results of the histological and pathological diagnosis of this disorder. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, clinical histological and pathological diagnosis, anatomical localization, risk factors, cellular changes which appear in the epithelium and magnitude of the epithelial dysplasia. The age group 20-29, both sexes, the cheek mucosa as the place of greater incidence, the koilocytos presence as the most significant histological finding, high proportions of the mild epithelial dysplasia prevailed in the case material.

O relato de caso como situação gnosiológica: reflexões sobre a prática diagnóstica em patologia a partir de um caso de abetalipoproteinemia / The case report as a gnosiological situation: reflections on diagnostic pathology, based on a case of abetalipoproteinemia

Neste ensaio, aproveita-se um caso raro de abetalipoproteinemia, diagnosticado a partir dos achados anatomopatológicos de biópsia jejunal, para refletir sobre a prática diagnóstica em patologia. Mais do que narrar o caso e comentar seu conteúdo, como usualmente se faz nos relatos de caso, o caso, como objeto de estudo, pode ser empregado como matéria para reflexão sobre a prática. O caso é objeto mediatizador da reflexão que se faz sobre a prática, possibilitando um desvelamento da realidade, na qual se insere o exercício da medicina.

This article draws on a rare case of abetalipoproteinemia, diagnosed from the pathological findings of a jejunal biopsy, as the point of departure for reflecting on practice in diagnostic pathology. Rather than present a case and comment on its content, as usually happens in case reports, the case, as object of study, can be used as material for reflection on practice. The case is the mediating object of reflection on the practice, allowing an unveiling of reality in which medical practice is a part.

Monitoramento das patologias em suínos no período de crescimento / Monitoring of pathologies in growing swines

Determinou-se, por meio de um sistema de monitoramento de suínos em fase de crescimento e em matadouro, a presença de patologias como indicadoras de problemas na população de referência. O estudo foi realizado em uma criação intensiva de ciclo completo, durante nove semanas. Foram determinadas as prevalências dos diagnósticos clínico-patológicos obtidos durante um período de nove semanas. Utilizaram-se cinco grupos de 43 leitões, com pesos de até 19kg, considerados de baixa performance. Estimaram-se, por intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento, as prevalências acumuladas em cada monitoramento. Obteve-se correlação de 0,99 (P<0,0001) entre as prevalências anuais com as nove semanas de estudo, mostrando correspondência com o achado em matadouro. Amostras em semanas alternadas de três grupos de 43 animais são bons indicadores das patologias que afetam os suínos em crescimento, mesmo aquelas de baixa freqüência ou muito letais.(AU)

The prevalence of different pathologies as an indicator of health problems in a particular population by means of slaughterhouse monitoring of growing pigs was determined. The work was carried out in an indoor intensive farrow to finish swine farm during 9 weeks. The prevalence of diseases was determined by means of clinical and pathological diagnosis. For the slaughterhouse inspection, five groups of 43 pigs each weighting up to 19kg, considered as poor performers, were put together. These animals were sent to the slaughterhouse and were observed for the presence or absence of skin and joint lesions of arms and legs and also lesions of serous membranes and parenchimal organs. An estimative with a confidence interval level of 95 percent was performed on cumulated prevalence in each monitoring session for 43, 86, 129, 172 and 215 animals. Annual prevalence from clinical and pathological diagnosis and 9-week-period had correlations (r=0.99; P<0.0001) and correspondence with slaughterhouse observations. In conclusion, samplings in alternate weeks of three groups of 43 pigs seem to be a good indicator of pathologies affecting growing swines, even those of very low prevalence or highly lethal.(AU)

Monitoramento das patologias em suínos no período de crescimento / Monitoring of pathologies in growing swines

Determinou-se, por meio de um sistema de monitoramento de suínos em fase de crescimento e em matadouro, a presença de patologias como indicadoras de problemas na população de referência. O estudo foi realizado em uma criação intensiva de ciclo completo, durante nove semanas. Foram determinadas as prevalências dos diagnósticos clínico-patológicos obtidos durante um período de nove semanas. Utilizaram-se cinco grupos de 43 leitões, com pesos de até 19kg, considerados de baixa performance. Estimaram-se, por intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento, as prevalências acumuladas em cada monitoramento. Obteve-se correlação de 0,99 (P<0,0001) entre as prevalências anuais com as nove semanas de estudo, mostrando correspondência com o achado em matadouro. Amostras em semanas alternadas de três grupos de 43 animais são bons indicadores das patologias que afetam os suínos em crescimento, mesmo aquelas de baixa freqüência ou muito letais.

The prevalence of different pathologies as an indicator of health problems in a particular population by means of slaughterhouse monitoring of growing pigs was determined. The work was carried out in an indoor intensive farrow to finish swine farm during 9 weeks. The prevalence of diseases was determined by means of clinical and pathological diagnosis. For the slaughterhouse inspection, five groups of 43 pigs each weighting up to 19kg, considered as poor performers, were put together. These animals were sent to the slaughterhouse and were observed for the presence or absence of skin and joint lesions of arms and legs and also lesions of serous membranes and parenchimal organs. An estimative with a confidence interval level of 95 percent was performed on cumulated prevalence in each monitoring session for 43, 86, 129, 172 and 215 animals. Annual prevalence from clinical and pathological diagnosis and 9-week-period had correlations (r=0.99; P<0.0001) and correspondence with slaughterhouse observations. In conclusion, samplings in alternate weeks of three groups of 43 pigs seem to be a good indicator of pathologies affecting growing swines, even those of very low prevalence or highly lethal.