Pioneiras/os da psicologia escolar no estado do Piauí: um estudo historiográfico / Pioneers of school psychology in the state of Piauí: a historiographic study

A pesquisa apresenta a história da construção e consolidação do campo de estudo e atuação da Psicologia Escolar no Piauí. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, historiográfica, com história oral. Foram definidas como participantes as/os pioneiras/os a contribuir para um determinado campo de atuação. Os seis depoentes foram escolhidos por terem: I) atuação na área; II) sido docentes; e/ou III) participado de órgãos/instituições da área. As análises foram construídas a partir de indicadores e núcleos de significados dos registros orais, a partir dos quais foram organizados em cinco eixos temáticos: a) Atuação em psicologia educacional e psicologia escolar; b) Primeiras incursões da Psicologia no campo da Educação do Piauí; c) Estrutura e recursos disponíveis para atuação profissional; d) Transformação no campo e protagonismo dos estagiários de psicologia escolar; e) Movimentos de descentralização da psicologia escolar no estado.

The search presents the history of construction and consolidation of the field of study and performance of School Psychology in Piauí. A qualitative, historiographical approach was used, with oral history. Participants were defined from pioneers contributing to a given field of action. The six interviewees were chosen because they had: i) experience in the area; ii) been teachers; and/or iii) participated in bodies/institutions in the area. The analyzes were constructed from indicators and core meanings of oral records, from which they were organized into 5 thematic axes: a) Performance in educational psychology and school psychology; b) First incursions of Psychology in the field of Education in Piauí; c) Structure and resources available for professional performance; d) Transformation in the field and protagonism of school psychology interns; e) Movements for the decentralization of school psychology in the state.

Pioneiras/os da psicologia escolar no estado do Piauí: um estudo historiográfico / Pioneers of school psychology in the state of Piauí: a historiographic study

A pesquisa apresenta a história da construção e consolidação do campo de estudo e atuação da Psicologia Escolar no Piauí. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, historiográfica, com história oral. Foram definidas como participantes as/os pioneiras/os a contribuir para um determinado campo de atuação. Os seis depoentes foram escolhidos por terem: I) atuação na área; II) sido docentes; e/ou III) participado de órgãos/instituições da área. As análises foram construídas a partir de indicadores e núcleos de significados dos registros orais, a partir dos quais foram organizados em cinco eixos temáticos: a) Atuação em psicologia educacional e psicologia escolar; b) Primeiras incursões da Psicologia no campo da Educação do Piauí; c) Estrutura e recursos disponíveis para atuação profissional; d) Transformação no campo e protagonismo dos estagiários de psicologia escolar; e) Movimentos de descentralização da psicologia escolar no estado. (AU)

The search presents the history of construction and consolidation of the field of study and performance of School Psychology in Piauí. A qualitative, historiographical approach was used, with oral history. Participants were defined from pioneers contributing to a given field of action. The six interviewees were chosen because they had: i) experience in the area; ii) been teachers; and/or iii) participated in bodies/institutions in the area. The analyzes were constructed from indicators and core meanings of oral records, from which they were organized into 5 thematic axes: a) Performance in educational psychology and school psychology; b) First incursions of Psychology in the field of Education in Piauí; c) Structure and resources available for professional performance; d) Transformation in the field and protagonism of school psychology interns; e) Movements for the decentralization of school psychology in the state. (AU)

Comparative study of composition of methanolic extracts of the paratoid gland secretions (PGS) of Rhinella jimi (cururu toad) from northeastern Brazil: Gender, seasonality and geographic occurrence.

Toads belonging to the Bufonidae family have a pair of paratoid glands that store highly toxic a biological secretion with varied chemical composition, that act as a chemical defense against microbial infections and predators. The paratoid gland secretion (PGS) of bufonids is rich in bioactive steroids, alkaloids, proteins, bufadienolides and bufotoxins. In the present investigation we performed a systematic analysis of the chemical profile of PGS obtained from the Bufonidae toad Rhinella jimi ("Cururu" toad) collected at three different regions of Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil. Our aim was to investigate the PGS variation related to the season of animals collection, geographic distribution and gender of the animals. The methanolic extracts of PGS were analyzed by UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the data set obtained by the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS analyses. Among 23 compounds identified, dehydrobufotenine, suberoyl arginine, 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) telocinobufagin, 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) marinobufagin, telocinobufagin, marinobufagin and 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) bufalin were detected in all PGS. Minimal variations in the composition of paratoid secretions of R. jimi were observed related to distinct geographical and seasonal parameters. R. jimi female animals presented the most diverse chemical composition in its PGS. With this comparative study, unprecedented for the species, it was possible to observe that the secretions of the paratoid glands produced by R. jimi from different regions of the state of Piauí, at different times of the year, presented consistent chemical composition, with discrete particularities in the number and nature chemistry of its constituents.

Temporal trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the public healthcare system in Brazil: A large population-based study.

Background: Population-based data on epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to define temporal trends of incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Brazil. Methods: All IBD patients from the public healthcare national system were included from January 2012 to December 2020. Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-linear regression for incidence and binomial regression for prevalence. Moran's I autocorrelation index was used to analyse clustering of cities by level of prevalence. Findings: A total of 212,026 IBD patients were included. Incidence of IBD rose from 9.4 in 2012 to 9.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=0.8%; 95% CI -0.37, 1.99); for UC, incidence increased from 5.7 to 6.9 per 100,000 (AAPC=3.0%; 95% CI 1.51, 4.58) and for CD incidence decreased from 3.7 to 2.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=-3.2%; 95% CI -4.45, -2.02). Prevalence of IBD increased from 30.0 in 2012 to 100.1 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=14.8%; CI 14.78-14.95); for UC, from 15.7 to 56.5 per 100,000 (AAPC=16.0%; CI 15.94, 16.17); for CD from 12.6 to 33.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=12.1% CI 11.95, 12.02). A south-north gradient was observed in 2020 prevalence rates of IBD [I=0.40 (p<0.0001)], CD [I=0.22 (p<0.0001)] and UC [I=0.42 (p<0.0001)]. Interpretation: Incidence of CD is decreasing whereas of UC is increasing, leading to stabilization in the incidence of IBD from 2012 to 2020 in Brazil. Prevalence of IBD has been climbing with 0.1% of Brazilians living with IBD in 2020. Funding: None.

Review of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, with description of a new species

The species of Hypostomus from the Parnaíba River basin were reviewed through molecular and morphological analysis. Five species were found in the basin, including a new species herein described. The distribution of H. pusarum was expanded to this basin, and a closely related species was recorded (H. aff. pusarum), also the presence of H. johnii and H. vaillanti was confirmed. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by its large number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, a wide dental angle of 115° to 135°, presence of a rounded dark spots on a lighter background and anteromedial region of the abdomen depleted of plaques (vs. anteromedial region of the abdomen covered by platelets and odontodes in H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum and H. vaillanti). Furthermore, an identification key of the species from the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion and maps with the geographic distribution of these species are presented. The species of Hypostomus in the Parnaíba River basin have different geographic distributions, suggesting different niches or geographical barriers, providing an opportunity for ecological and evolutionary studies.(AU)

As espécies de Hypostomus da bacia do rio Parnaíba foram revisadas por meio de análises moleculares e morfológicas. Cinco espécies foram encontradas na bacia, incluindo uma nova espécie aqui descrita. A distribuição de H. pusarum foi expandida para esta bacia, uma espécie intimamente relacionada foi registrada (H. aff. pusarum), e a presença de H. johnii e H. vaillanti foi confirmada. A nova espécie se distingue da maioria das congêneres por seu grande número de dentes nos pré-maxilares e dentários, um amplo ângulo do dentário de 115° a 135°, presença de manchas escuras arredondadas em um fundo mais claro e região anteromedial do abdômen sem placas (vs. região anteromedial do abdômen coberta por placas e odontódios em H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum e H. vaillanti). Além disso, é apresentada uma chave de identificação das espécies da ecorregião Maranhão-Piauí e mapas com a distribuição geográfica dessas espécies. As espécies de Hypostomus na bacia do rio Parnaíba apresentam diferentes distribuições geográficas, sugerindo diferentes nichos ou barreiras geográficas, proporcionando oportunidade para estudos ecológicos e evolutivos.(AU)

Potentially toxic elements and rare earth elements in sandy soils from the Brazilian Cerrado.

This study aims to determine the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) in Brazilian sandy soils under the Cerrado at the Parnaíba-São Francisco Basin transition. We also explored the geochemical correlation between these elements and pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC), sand, clay, oxides from secondary minerals, and chemical index of alteration for each basin. Mineralogical, physical, and chemical analyses were used to examine PTE and REE geochemistry in six sand soil profiles from the Brazilian Cerrado. The background concentrations of these elements are low, but soils from the Parnaíba Basin have higher concentrations of PTEs than soils from the São Francisco Basin. In soils from the Parnaíba Basin, mainly Al2O3 has relevance in the V and Cr geochemistry, as these elements increase with increasing Al2O3 content. On the other hand, the REEs have CEC as a soil attribute of higher relevance in the geochemistry of those elements is soils from the Parnaíba Basin, and this relevance divides the TOC, Fe2O3, and TiO2 minerals from the clay fraction. In soils from the São Francisco Basin, the geochemistry of PTEs is possibly associated with kaolinite, especially Cu, V, and Zn. In contrast, the Ba concentration was associated with the presence of feldspar. Unlike soils from the Parnaíba Basin, the REEs do not correlate with the studied soil attributes, except for Ho and Lu. Ho had a positive association with Al2O3. Ho and Lu are negatively related to the presence of iron oxides.

O psicólogo escolar em políticas públicas no Piauí: mapeamento e demandas / The school psychologist in public policies in Piauí: Mapping and demands

A presente pesquisa versa acerca da atuação do psicólogo escolar nas políticas públicas no contexto histórico-cultural piauiense. Essas norteiam a relação entre Estado e sociedade, tendo em vista as demandas sociais que emergem e que, assim, requerem intervenções a fim de manter o estado de sociabilidade e de garantia de direitos, como o direito à educação. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa aqui descrita teve como objetivo identificar psicólogos inseridos nas políticas públicas educacionais no estado do Piauí e caracterizar sua atuação profissional. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, e foram entrevistados 42 psicólogos que atuam em políticas públicas educacionais no estado do Piauí. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: formulário de identificação de políticas públicas; entrevista semiestruturada; e questionário sociodemográfico. Foram analisados pelo procedimento de análise de conteúdo. Identificaram-se, sobretudo, os eixos de políticas nos quais estão inseridos, assim como as demandas educacionais e limitações recorrentes na referida realidade. Espera-se que o levantamento aqui realizado possa ser utilizado a fim de delinear práticas futuras em políticas públicas educacionais acerca das demandas levantadas, sobretudo com relação àquelas que são recorrentes, mas que não vêm sendo contempladas nas práticas e nos modos de atuação.

The present research deals with the performance of the school psychologist in public policies in the historical-cultural context of Piauí. These guide the relationship between the State and society in view of the emerging social demands and thus require interventions in order to maintain the state of sociability and guarantee of rights, as well as education. From this perspective, the research described here aimed to identify psychologists inserted in public educational policies in the state of Piauí and to characterize their professional performance. The qualitative research approach was used, and 42 psychologists were interviewed which work in educational public policies in the state of Piauí. The interviews, in which three instruments of data collection were used: form of identification of public policies; semi structured interview; and sociodemographic questionnaire. They were analyzed by the content analysis procedure. It was identified, above all, the policy axes in which they are inserted, as well as the educational demands and recurrent limitations in the aforementioned reality. It is hoped that the survey carried out here may be used in order to delineate future practices in public educational policies about the demands raised, especially in relation to those that are recurrent but that are not being contemplated in the practices and modes of action.

Improving the serodiagnosis of canine Leishmania infantum infection in geographical areas of Brazil with different disease prevalence.

Serodiagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs relies on the detection of antibodies against leishmanial crude extracts or parasitic defined antigens. The expansion of canine leishmaniasis from geographical areas of Brazil in which the infection is endemic to regions in which the disease is emerging is occurring. This fact makes necessary the analysis of the serodiagnostic capabilities of different leishmanial preparations in distinct geographical locations. In this article sera from dogs infected with Leishmania and showing the clinical form of the disease, were collected in three distinct Brazilian States and were tested against soluble leishmanial antigens or seven parasite individual antigens produced as recombinant proteins. We show that the recognition of soluble leishmanial antigens by sera from these animals was influenced by the geographical location of the infected dogs. Efficacy of the diagnosis based on this crude parasite preparation was higher in newly endemic regions when compared with areas of high disease endemicity. We also show that the use of three of the recombinant proteins, namely parasite surface kinetoplastid membrane protein of 11 kDa (KMP-11), and two members of the P protein family (P2a and P0), can improve the degree of sensitivity without adversely affecting the specificity of the diagnostic assays for canine leishmaniasis, independently of the geographical area of residence. In addition, sera from dogs clinically healthy but infected were also assayed with some of the antigen preparations. We demonstrate that the use of these proteins can help to the serodiagnosis of Leishmania infected animals with subclinical infections. Finally, we propose a diagnostic protocol using a combination of KMP-11, P2a y P0, together with total leishmanial extracts.

Neriidae (Diptera: Schizophora) of the Northeastern Brazil: new records and an identification key / Neriidae (Diptera: Schizophora) do Nordeste do Brasil: novos registros e uma chave de identificação

Abstract: Here, we provide a list of seven species collected in the Brazilian states of Ceará, Maranhão and Piauí, housed in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), Cerantichir peruana (Hennig, 1937), Glyphidops durus (Cresson, 1926), Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805), Glyphidops flavifrons (Bigot, 1886), Glyphidops vittatus (Cresson, 1912), Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 and Nerius plurivittatus Bigot, 1886. Representatives of Neriidae are recorded and mapped for the first time in the states of Ceará, Maranhão and Piauí, while the species C. peruana, G. durus, G. flavifrons and G. vittatus represent new records for the Northeast Region of Brazil. A key for the identification and diagnoses of Northeastern Brazilian neriids are provided.

Resumo: Uma lista de sete espécies coletadas nos estados brasileiros do Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí é disponibilizada, baseada em material depositado na Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), Cerantichir peruana (Hennig, 1937), Glyphidops durus (Cresson, 1926), Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805), Glyphidops flavifrons (Bigot, 1886), Glyphidops vittatus (Cresson, 1912), Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 e Nerius plurivittatus Bigot, 1886. Representantes de Neriidae são registrados e mapeados pela primeira vez nos estados do Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí, enquanto C. peruana, G. durus, G. flavifrons e G. vittatus representam novos registros para a Região Nordeste do Brasil. São apresentados uma chave para a identificação e diagnoses dos neríideos da Região Nordeste brasileira.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015-20166 / Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da microcefalia no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2015-2016

Abstract Objectives: To describe aspects of the microcephaly epidemic in the state of Piauí. Methods: All cases of congenital microcephaly confirmed in the state between 2015 and 2016 were included (n = 100). Investigation forms of the Regional Reference Center for Microcephaly were reviewed. Discarded cases (n = 63) were used as a comparison group. Results: In October, November, and December 2015 incidence rates reached 4.46, 6.33 and 3.86/1000 live births, respectively; 44 cases were reported in the state capital. Among the mothers of confirmed and discarded cases, the frequency of skin rash during pregnancy was 50/97 (51.5%) and 8/51 (15.7%), respectively (p < 0.001); 33 confirmed cases (35.9%) had a head circumference z-score between −2 and −3, 23 (25%) between −3 and −4, and 8 (8.7%) had a z-score of less than −4. Head computer tomography scans revealed calcifications in 78/95 (82.1%) cases. Lissencephaly, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum were also frequently observed. Ophthalmic findings included retinal pigment epithelium rarefaction and atrophy. Absence of otoacoustic emissions was observed in 21/70 cases. One newborn also presented lower limb muscle atrophy. There were no significant differences in vaccination rates for influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B in either group. Conclusions: The state of Piauí, like others in the northeastern region, faced an epidemic of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2016, presumably related to congenital Zika virus infection, more intense in the capital. Current challenges include the improvement of vector control, basic research, scaling-up of diagnostic tools for pre-natal screening of Zika virus, vaccines, and health care for affected children.

Resumo Objetivos: Descrever os aspectos da epidemia de microcefalia no Estado do Piauí. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os casos de microcefalia congênita confirmados no estado entre 2015-2016 (n = 100). Os formulários de investigação do Centro Regional de Referência em Microcefalia foram analisados. Os casos descartados (n = 63) foram usados como grupo de comparação. Resultados: Em outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2015, as taxas de incidência atingiram 4,46, 6,33 e 3,86/1.000 nascidos vivos, respectivamente; 44 casos foram relatados na capital do estado. Entre as mães de casos confirmados e descartados, a frequência de erupção cutânea durante a gravidez foi 50/97 (51,5%) e 8/51 (15,7%), respectivamente (p < 0,001); 33 casos confirmados (35,9%) apresentaram um escore z de perímetro cefálico entre -2 e -3, 23 (25%) entre -3 e -4 e 8 (8,7%) apresentaram escore z inferior a -4. As tomografias computadorizadas cerebrais revelaram calcificações em 78/95 (82,1%) dos casos. Lisencefalia, hidrocefalia e agenesia do corpo caloso também foram observadas com mais frequência. Os achados oftalmológicos incluíram rarefação e atrofia do epitélio pigmentar da retina. Foram observadas ausência de emissões otoacústicas em 21/70 casos. Um recém-nascido também apresentou atrofia muscular dos membros inferiores. Não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de vacinação para gripe, vacina difteria tétano e coqueluche acelular e hepatite B em qualquer grupo. Conclusões: O Estado do Piauí, como outros na região Nordeste, enfrentou, entre 2015 e 2016, uma epidemia de microcefalia congênita, supostamente relacionada à infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika, mais intensa na capital. Os desafios atuais incluem melhora do controle de vetores, pesquisa básica, ampliação de ferramentas de diagnóstico para exame pré-natal do vírus Zika, vacinas e cuidados de saúde para crianças afetadas.

On the sun-spiders of the ibirapemussu species-group of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 (Solifugae, Mummuciidae), with description of a new species.

A new solifuge species in the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 and the ibirapemussu species-group is herein described based on males and females collected at Itacuruba, State of Pernambuco, and Jaicós, State of Piauí, both in Northeastern Brazil. Males of the new species can be readily recognized by having the movable finger MM and MSM teeth reduced and of similar size. The present finding raises to twelve the number of described species in the genus, five of which belong to the ibirapemussu species-group. Besides, a new locality record for the species Gaucha ibirapemussu (Carvalho et al., 2010) is here presented, along with an updated identification key for all Gaucha species.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015-2016.

OBJECTIVES: To describe aspects of the microcephaly epidemic in the state of Piauí. METHODS: All cases of congenital microcephaly confirmed in the state between 2015 and 2016 were included (n=100). Investigation forms of the Regional Reference Center for Microcephaly were reviewed. Discarded cases (n=63) were used as a comparison group. RESULTS: In October, November, and December 2015 incidence rates reached 4.46, 6.33 and 3.86/1000 live births, respectively; 44 cases were reported in the state capital. Among the mothers of confirmed and discarded cases, the frequency of skin rash during pregnancy was 50/97 (51.5%) and 8/51 (15.7%), respectively (p<0.001); 33 confirmed cases (35.9%) had a head circumference z-score between -2 and -3, 23 (25%) between -3 and -4, and 8 (8.7%) had a z-score of less than -4. Head computer tomography scans revealed calcifications in 78/95 (82.1%) cases. Lissencephaly, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum were also frequently observed. Ophthalmic findings included retinal pigment epithelium rarefaction and atrophy. Absence of otoacoustic emissions was observed in 21/70 cases. One newborn also presented lower limb muscle atrophy. There were no significant differences in vaccination rates for influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The state of Piauí, like others in the northeastern region, faced an epidemic of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2016, presumably related to congenital Zika virus infection, more intense in the capital. Current challenges include the improvement of vector control, basic research, scaling-up of diagnostic tools for pre-natal screening of Zika virus, vaccines, and health care for affected children.

Stream macroalgal flora from Parnaíba River Basin, Brazil: reducing Wallacean shortfall / Flora de macroalgas de riachos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Parnaíba, Brasil: reduzindo o déficit Wallaceano

Abstract: The global biodiversity loss is a consensus. The biodiversity conservations shortfalls make conservation of biological diversity even more challenging. For many taxa, the knowledge about their distributions is deficient, and this is called the Wallacean shortfall. This situation is no different within algae biodiversity, especially in Brazil. There is still an enormous inequity of sample effort, as is the case of the Parnaíba River Basin (Northeast region), which had only 10 algal species in published (the lowest number of algal species reported among the main Brazilian basins). The present work had the objective of increasing the knowledge of algal flora in Brazil by conducting a taxonomic study of the stream macroalgal species of the Parnaíba River Basin. The sampling of macroalgae was carried out in 21 segments of streams from the Middle and Lower Parnaíba Basin, in the Piauí and Maranhão states. Macroalgae were manually removed and preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Environmental characteristics of each segment were measured in order to describe the sampling sites. The taxonomic survey of the macroalgal communities resulted in the identification of 38 taxa in total, of which 32 at a specific level; three vegetative groups; two sporophytic stages of red algae and one unidentified species. Among the 38 species recorded, 37 are new records for the Parnaíba River Basin. Following the same pattern, 23 species are new records for the Brazilian Northeast region, and Microcoleus lacustris represented the first report in Brazil. Despite the fact that it remains the Brazilian basin with the lowest number of algal species documented, this study contributed to the increase of almost five times the number of species sampled in the Parnaíba River Basin (from only 10 to 47 species). These data reinforce that the differences presented in algal diversity in the Brazilian regions are more related to the sampling effort than other factors (e.g. environmental characteristics, geographic distribution, biomes, among others). In addition, this survey illustrates not only the group's lack of information in the region but also shows the importance of this type of study as a tool for expanding the knowledge about biodiversity and its conservation.

Resumo: A perda de biodiversidade é um consenso. Os déficits de conservação tornam a conservação da diversidade biológica ainda mais desafiadora. Para muitos táxons, o conhecimento sobre suas distribuições é escasso, o que é chamado de Déficit Wallaceano. Essa situação não é diferente quando tratamos da biodiversidade de algas, especialmente no Brasil. Ainda há uma enorme desigualdade no esforço amostral, como é o caso da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Parnaíba (região Nordeste), a qual possui apenas 10 espécies de algas (o menor número de espécies de algas dentre as principais bacias brasileiras). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo aumentar o conhecimento da flora algal no Brasil, através da realização de um estudo taxonômico das espécies de macroalgas de riachos da Bacia do Rio Parnaíba. A amostragem das macroalgas foi realizada em 21 segmentos de riachos das Bacias do Médio e Baixo Parnaíba, nos estados do Piauí e Maranhão. As macroalgas foram removidas manualmente e preservadas em formaldeído 4%. Características ambientais de cada segmento foram tomadas com o intuito de descrever a área de estudo. A pesquisa taxonômica das comunidades de macroalgas resultou na identificação de 38 táxons no total, nos quais 32 em nível específico; três grupos vegetativos; dois estágios esporofíticos de algas vermelhas e uma espécie não identificada. Dentre as 38 espécies, 37 delas são novos registros para a Bacia do Rio Parnaíba. Seguindo o mesmo padrão, 23 espécies são novos registros para a região Nordeste, e Microcoleus lacustris representou o primeiro registro para o Brasil. Apesar do fato de permanecer como a bacia brasileira com o menor número de espécies de algas documentadas, este trabalho contribuiu para o aumento de quase cinco vezes o número de espécies amostradas na Bacia do Rio Parnaíba (de apenas 10 para 47 espécies). Estes dados reforçam que as diferenças apresentadas na diversidade algal nas regiões brasileiras estão mais relacionadas com o esforço amostral do que com outros fatores (e.g. características ambientais, distribuição geográfica, biomas, entre outros). Além disso, este trabalho ilustra não só a falta de informação do grupo na região, mas também mostra a importância deste tipo de estudo como ferramenta para expandir o conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade e conservação.

Occurrence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí / Ocorrência e fatores de risco para infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos de microrregiões do Estado do Piauí

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí (Brazil). From six randomly selected properties, 145 goats were examined. Serum samples of the animals were analyzed by ELISA for the presence or absence of antibodies against T. gondii. Of these, 22% were seroreactive for T. gondii. Individual records were also taken for each property. These analyses showed that factors such as sex, age, water source, and presence of cats were associated with animal seropositivity. In addition, there was also a positive correlation (p > 0.04) between animal sex and T. gondii contamination. The presence of cats in the facilities and animal pasture fields appeared to be a risk factor for the contamination of goats in the assessed properties (p > 0.03). The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is present in the goat herds of southern Piauí state, and females are more likely to be contaminated.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos de microrregiões do Estado do Piauí. Um total de 145 caprinos foram examinados, em seis propriedades selecionadas aleatoriamente. Amostras de soro dos caprinos foram analisadas por ELISA para investigar a presença ou ausência de anticorpos contra T. gondii. Assim, 22% dos caprinos foram sororeativos para T. gondii. Foram realizadas anotações individuais de cada propriedade, sendo observado que fatores como: sexo, idade, origem de água fornecida e presença de gatos foram associados à soropositividade encontrada nos animais, foi obtido correlação positiva (p > 0,04) entre o sexo dos animais e a contaminação por T. gondii. A presença de gatos nas instalações e ao pasto dos animais foi importante para contaminação dos caprinos nas propriedades analisadas (p > 0,03). O Toxoplasma gondii está presente nos rebanhos caprinos do Sul do Estado do Piauí, sendo as fêmeas dos animais analisados, as mais susceptíveis ao parasito.(AU)

Color parameters applied to pedotransfer functions in the estimation of soil attributes / Parâmetros da cor aplicados a funções de pedotransferência na estimativa de atributos do solo

Global demands for an increased food production have prompted scientists to create technological innovations in various segments of the agricultural and environmental sectors. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soil color determination to estimate its attributes is an example of these advances. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify the potential of the three parameters of the Munsell color system (Hue, Value, and Chroma) in estimating different chemical and particle size attributes by pedotransfer functions in a Typic Hapludox in the Cerrado of Piauí State, Brazil. This soil showed a yellowish color due to the goethite and low contents of bases and organic carbon. Among the calibrated pedotransfer functions, we observed that phosphorus, aluminum, hydrogen, potential acidity, potential cation exchange capacity, and base saturation could be estimated by Hue, while clay content by Value, and Chroma used to estimate hydrogen, potential acidity, and cation exchange capacity. We conclude that the parameter color could be used to estimate soil attributes.(AU)

As demandas mundiais por aumento na produção de alimentos vêm instigando os cientistas a criarem inovações tecnológicas em vários segmentos dos setores agrícolas e ambientais. O uso da espectroscopia de reflectância difusa na determinação da cor do solo para a estimativa de seus atributos é um exemplo destes avanços. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa identificar o potencial dos três parâmetros do sistema Munsell de cores (Matiz, Valor e Croma) em estimar diferentes atributos químicos e granulométricos por funções de pedotransferência, em LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico no Cerrado do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. O solo apresentou coloração amarelada, como reflexo da goethita e também baixos teores de bases e carbono orgânico. Dentre as funções de pedotransferência calibradas, observamos que fósforo, alumínio, hidrogênio, acidez potencial, capacidade de troca catiônica potencial e saturação por bases podem ser estimada pela matiz, enquanto o teor de argila pode ser estimada pelo valor e o croma pode ser usado para estimar também hidrogênio, acidez potencial e capacidade de troca catiônica. Concluímos que é possível usar a cor para estimar atributos do solo.(AU)

Phenacorhamdia cabocla, a new heptapterid from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae).

Phenacorhamdia Dahl, 1961 comprises 11 valid species of small demersal and solitary catfishes which occur mainly along riverbeds and are widely distributed throughout rivers of South America. The genus is included within the Nemuroglanis subclade, and species of Phenacorhamdia can be separated from other heptapterid catfishes through external and internal characters. Diagnostic characters include a prognathous mouth, first ray of dorsal and pectoral fins flexible, eight or nine branched rays in the lower lobe of caudal fin, and optic foramen reduced. A new species of Phenacorhamdia is described herein from the upper Parnaíba river basin. Phenacorhamdia cabocla sp. nov is distinct from its congeners by: total vertebrae 44, nine of which with pleural ribs; bifid neural spines until vertebrae 13; last precaudal vertebrae lacking pleural ribs; 7-8 branchiostegal rays; pectoral-fin rays i+6; first pterygiophore of dorsal-fin associated to the neural spine of twelfth vertebrae; dorsal-fin pterygiophores associated to vertebrae 12 to 16; anal-fin with nine branched and 3-4 unbranched rays; upper and lower lobes of caudal fin with 8-9 branched rays each; adipose fin corresponding to 14.9%-18.1% of standard length; and snout length corresponding to 30.0%-35.9% of head length.

Color parameters applied to pedotransfer functions in the estimation of soil attributes / Parâmetros da cor aplicados a funções de pedotransferência na estimativa de atributos do solo

Global demands for an increased food production have prompted scientists to create technological innovations in various segments of the agricultural and environmental sectors. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soil color determination to estimate its attributes is an example of these advances. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify the potential of the three parameters of the Munsell color system (Hue, Value, and Chroma) in estimating different chemical and particle size attributes by pedotransfer functions in a Typic Hapludox in the Cerrado of Piauí State, Brazil. This soil showed a yellowish color due to the goethite and low contents of bases and organic carbon. Among the calibrated pedotransfer functions, we observed that phosphorus, aluminum, hydrogen, potential acidity, potential cation exchange capacity, and base saturation could be estimated by Hue, while clay content by Value, and Chroma used to estimate hydrogen, potential acidity, and cation exchange capacity. We conclude that the parameter color could be used to estimate soil attributes.

As demandas mundiais por aumento na produção de alimentos vêm instigando os cientistas a criarem inovações tecnológicas em vários segmentos dos setores agrícolas e ambientais. O uso da espectroscopia de reflectância difusa na determinação da cor do solo para a estimativa de seus atributos é um exemplo destes avanços. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa identificar o potencial dos três parâmetros do sistema Munsell de cores (Matiz, Valor e Croma) em estimar diferentes atributos químicos e granulométricos por funções de pedotransferência, em LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico no Cerrado do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. O solo apresentou coloração amarelada, como reflexo da goethita e também baixos teores de bases e carbono orgânico. Dentre as funções de pedotransferência calibradas, observamos que fósforo, alumínio, hidrogênio, acidez potencial, capacidade de troca catiônica potencial e saturação por bases podem ser estimada pela matiz, enquanto o teor de argila pode ser estimada pelo valor e o croma pode ser usado para estimar também hidrogênio, acidez potencial e capacidade de troca catiônica. Concluímos que é possível usar a cor para estimar atributos do solo.

Occurrence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí / Ocorrência e fatores de risco para infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos de microrregiões do Estado do Piauí

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí (Brazil). From six randomly selected properties, 145 goats were examined. Serum samples of the animals were analyzed by ELISA for the presence or absence of antibodies against T. gondii. Of these, 22% were seroreactive for T. gondii. Individual records were also taken for each property. These analyses showed that factors such as sex, age, water source, and presence of cats were associated with animal seropositivity. In addition, there was also a positive correlation (p > 0.04) between animal sex and T. gondii contamination. The presence of cats in the facilities and animal pasture fields appeared to be a risk factor for the contamination of goats in the assessed properties (p > 0.03). The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is present in the goat herds of southern Piauí state, and females are more likely to be contaminated.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos de microrregiões do Estado do Piauí. Um total de 145 caprinos foram examinados, em seis propriedades selecionadas aleatoriamente. Amostras de soro dos caprinos foram analisadas por ELISA para investigar a presença ou ausência de anticorpos contra T. gondii. Assim, 22% dos caprinos foram sororeativos para T. gondii. Foram realizadas anotações individuais de cada propriedade, sendo observado que fatores como: sexo, idade, origem de água fornecida e presença de gatos foram associados à soropositividade encontrada nos animais, foi obtido correlação positiva (p > 0,04) entre o sexo dos animais e a contaminação por T. gondii. A presença de gatos nas instalações e ao pasto dos animais foi importante para contaminação dos caprinos nas propriedades analisadas (p > 0,03). O Toxoplasma gondii está presente nos rebanhos caprinos do Sul do Estado do Piauí, sendo as fêmeas dos animais analisados, as mais susceptíveis ao parasito.

A new species of armored catfish Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Parnaíba basin, northeastern, Brazil

Recent taxonomic studies indicated the presence of several undescribed species in the rio Parnaíba basin. Among those, a new species of Parotocinclus endemic of this drainage is herein described. It differs from most of its congeners, including the sympatric P. haroldoi and P. cearensis, by a vestigial or rudimentary adipose fin (vs. conspicuous adipose fin). This character is also present in P. bidentatus and P. muriaensis (both from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil), P. spilurus (rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil), P. seridoensis (rio Piranhas-Açu basin, northeastern Brazil), P. halbothi (rios Trombetas and Marowijne basins, northern Brazil and Suriname) and P. dani (from rio Tapajós in Mato Grosso State, Brazil). The new species differs from these latter species mainly by the abdomen extensively covered by broad dermal plates. It also differs from P. haroldoi and P. cearensis by light bands between the snout tip and the nostrils.(AU)

Estudos taxonômicos recentes indicaram a presença de várias espécies não descritas na bacia do rio Parnaíba. Dentre estas, uma nova espécie de Parotocinclus endêmica desta drenagem é aqui descrita. Ela difere da maioria dos seus congêneres, incluindo as simpátricas P. haroldoi e P. cearensis, por apresentar nadadeira adiposa vestigial ou rudimentar (vs. nadadeira adiposa desenvolvida). Este caráter também está presente em P. bidentatus e P. muriaensis (ambos do rio Paraíba do Sul, sudeste do Brasil), P. spilurus (bacia do rio Jaguaribe, nordeste do Brasil), P. seridoensis (bacia do rio Piranhas-Açu, nordeste do Brasil), P. halbothi (bacias dos rios Trombetas e Marowijne, norte do Brasil e no Suriname) e P. dani (do rio Tapajós no Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil). A nova espécie difere destas principalmente pelo abdômen extensivamente coberto por placas dérmicas largas. Também difere de P. haroldoi e P. cearensis pela presença de faixas claras entre a ponta do focinho e as narinas.(AU)

A new species of armored catfish Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Parnaíba basin, northeastern, Brazil

Recent taxonomic studies indicated the presence of several undescribed species in the rio Parnaíba basin. Among those, a new species of Parotocinclus endemic of this drainage is herein described. It differs from most of its congeners, including the sympatric P. haroldoi and P. cearensis, by a vestigial or rudimentary adipose fin (vs. conspicuous adipose fin). This character is also present in P. bidentatus and P. muriaensis (both from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil), P. spilurus (rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil), P. seridoensis (rio Piranhas-Açu basin, northeastern Brazil), P. halbothi (rios Trombetas and Marowijne basins, northern Brazil and Suriname) and P. dani (from rio Tapajós in Mato Grosso State, Brazil). The new species differs from these latter species mainly by the abdomen extensively covered by broad dermal plates. It also differs from P. haroldoi and P. cearensis by light bands between the snout tip and the nostrils.(AU)

Estudos taxonômicos recentes indicaram a presença de várias espécies não descritas na bacia do rio Parnaíba. Dentre estas, uma nova espécie de Parotocinclus endêmica desta drenagem é aqui descrita. Ela difere da maioria dos seus congêneres, incluindo as simpátricas P. haroldoi e P. cearensis, por apresentar nadadeira adiposa vestigial ou rudimentar (vs. nadadeira adiposa desenvolvida). Este caráter também está presente em P. bidentatus e P. muriaensis (ambos do rio Paraíba do Sul, sudeste do Brasil), P. spilurus (bacia do rio Jaguaribe, nordeste do Brasil), P. seridoensis (bacia do rio Piranhas-Açu, nordeste do Brasil), P. halbothi (bacias dos rios Trombetas e Marowijne, norte do Brasil e no Suriname) e P. dani (do rio Tapajós no Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil). A nova espécie difere destas principalmente pelo abdômen extensivamente coberto por placas dérmicas largas. Também difere de P. haroldoi e P. cearensis pela presença de faixas claras entre a ponta do focinho e as narinas.(AU)