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1.
Enferm. actual Costa Rica (Online) ; (46): 58564, Jan.-Jun. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1550245

RESUMO

Resumo Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico tem como tratamento a terapia trombolítica, aplicada ainda na fase aguda, promovendo melhora importante nas sequelas acarretadas por este agravo. Considerando a complexidade da terapia trombolítica, torna-se necessário que os enfermeiros compreendam suas competências para auxiliar no cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidências científicas acerca das competências do enfermeiro no cuidado a pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral elegíveis à terapia trombolítica. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa composta por seis etapas em seis etapas (elaboração da questão, busca na literatura, coleta de dados, análise, discussão e apresentação da revisão), realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e CINAHL. A busca foi realizada entre agosto e setembro de 2022 adotando como critérios de inclusão estudos primários; gratuitos, disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra; nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram obtidos inicialmente 2.830 estudos, os quais passaram por uma seleção, onde foram incluídos aqueles que atendiam os critérios previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: Com base nos doze estudos incluídos nesta revisão identificaram-se competências voltadas à três atividades do cuidado: gestão do cuidado como trabalho em equipe, códigos, fluxos e protocolos, assistência ao paciente antes, durante e após a utilização da terapia trombolítica e educação em saúde para equipe, pacientes e familiares. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão puderam evidenciar as competências do enfermeiro no cuidado aos pacientes elegíveis a terapia trombolítica, as quais perpassam diferentes áreas de atuação do enfermeiro. Para este estudo prevaleceram as competências assistências, seguida por competências gerenciais.


Resumen Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular isquémico se trata con terapia trombolítica, aplicada incluso en la fase aguda, que promueve una mejoría significativa de las secuelas provocadas por este padecimiento. Considerando la complejidad de la terapia trombolítica, es necesario que las personas profesionales de enfermería comprendan sus competencias para ayudar en el cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidencias científicas sobre las competencias del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular elegibles para terapia trombolítica. Metodología: Revisión integradora que consta de seis etapas (elaboración de la pregunta, búsqueda bibliográfica, recolección de datos, análisis, discusión y presentación de la revisión), realizada en las bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase y CINAHL. La búsqueda se realizó entre agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los criterio de inclusión fueron: estudios primarios, gratuito, disponible electrónicamente en su totalidad, en inglés, portugués y español. Inicialmente se obtuvieron 2830 estudios, los cuales fueron sometidos a un proceso de selección, que incluyó aquellos que cumplían con los criterios previamente establecidos. Resultados: A partir de los doce estudios incluidos en esta revisión, se identificaron competencias centradas en tres actividades asistenciales: gestión del cuidado como trabajo en equipo, códigos, flujos y protocolos, atención a pacientes antes, durante y después del uso de la terapia trombolítica y educación en salud para personal, pacientes y familias. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de esta revisión pudieron resaltar las competencias de las personas profesionales en enfermería en el cuidado de personas elegibles para terapia trombolítica, que abarcan diferentes áreas de actuación del personal de enfermería. Para este estudio, prevalecieron las habilidades asistenciales, seguidas de las competencias gerenciales.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic stroke is treated with thrombolytic therapy, applied even in the acute phase, promoting a significant improvement in the after-effects caused by this condition. Considering the complexity of thrombolytic therapy, it is necessary for nurses to understand the skills required to assist in care. Objective: To identify scientific evidence about the competencies of nurses in the care of patients with stroke who are eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Methodology: An integrative review consisting of six stages (elaboration of the question, literature review, data collection, analysis, discussion, and presentation), conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The search was carried out between August and September 2022 using primary studies as the inclusion criteria: free of charge, fully available electronically, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Initially, 2.830 studies were obtained, which underwent a selection process that included only those studies that met the previously established criteria. Results: Based on the twelve studies included in this review, competencies focused on three care activities were identified: care management such as teamwork; codes; flows and protocols; patient care before, during, and after the use of thrombolytic therapy; and education health education for staff, patients, and families. Conclusion: The findings of this review highlighted the nurses' competencies in the care of patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy, which encompass different areas of the nurse's work. For this study, assistance competencies prevailed, followed by management competencies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Trombolítica/enfermagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem
2.
Repert. med. cir ; 33(1): 61-66, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1552533

RESUMO

Introducción: el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es común a nivel mundial, una de cada cuatro personas puede presentarlo a lo largo de la vida. Constituye la segunda causa de muerte y la tercera principal de discapacidad. Es importante la atención integral para lograr un impacto en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: determinar la calidad de atención en el manejo del ACV isquémico agudo de los pacientes que consultaron al servicio de neurología en los Hospitales de San José e Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá DC, entre enero 1/2019 y enero 1/2020. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. El criterio de inclusión fue pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico. La información se recolectó de las historias clínicas, se empleó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron 411 pacientes, 88,8% sin alteración del estado de conciencia, 26,4% ingresaron antes de las 4,5 horas de ventana para trombólisis, se realizaron procedimientos de recanalización endovenosa a 11,4%. El tiempo puerta aguja tuvo una mediana de 37,2 minutos comparado con la mediana nacional de tiempo que fue 56,5 min según lo registrado en la plataforma ResQ. El 72% recibió terapia antiagregante y estatina 88.8%. Discusión y conclusiones: al identificar los síntomas es importante ser estrictos en el tiempo de atención y la implementación de plataformas para óptimos planes de atención. Se requieren campañas masivas de educación, así como que planes de mejora institucionales.


Introduction: cerebrovascular attack (CVA) is common worldwide. One in four people may have a stroke during their lifetime. It is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Thus, it is important to provide integrated care to achieve an impact on quality of life. Objective: to determine ischemic CVA management quality of care among patients seen at the neurology service of the San José and Infantil Universitario de San José hospitals in Bogotá DC, between January 1/2019 and January 1/2020. Methodology: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria included patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with ischemic CVA. Information was collected from clinical records. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 411 patients were included; 88.8% had an altered state of consciousness, 26.4% were admitted within the 4.5-hour window for thrombolysis; 11.4% underwent intravenous reperfusion procedures. Door-to-needle time: median was 37.2 minutes versus the national media of 56.5 min according to the ResQ records platform; 72% received anti-platelet therapy and 88.8% received statins. Discussion and conclusions: the establishment of a strict time to care and the implementation of platforms to improve care plans, is essential. Massive education campaigns are required, as well as, institutional improvement plans.


Assuntos
Humanos
3.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37(7): 543-549, Sep. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207476

RESUMO

Introducción: La guardia de neurología es frecuentemente presencial; es decir, con el neurólogo presente en el centro hospitalario; pero en algunos centros, puede ser localizada o mixta. La fibrinólisis intravenosa (FIV) es uno de los principales tratamientos reperfusores en el ictus isquémico agudo (IIA). El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es comparar el tiempo puerta-aguja (TPA) durante la guardia presencial y la guardia localizada. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, desde el año 2012 hasta el año 2017 en el que se incluyeron pacientes con IIA y FIV. Se recogieron datos como sexo, edad, hora del inicio de los síntomas, hora de llegada al hospital, hora de la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), hora de inicio de la FIV. Se consideró guardia de «Presencia» desde las 8:00 hasta las 20:00 y «Localizada» desde las 20:00 hasta las 08:00, divido en 3 grupos: guardia «Presencial», guardia «Localizada» y guardia «Localizada con residente». Resultados: N.° = 138; edad media 69,7 años; mujeres 45,7%. Pacientes en guardia de «Presencia» 96, «Localizada» 42, de los cuales 17 con residente. Ambos grupos presentaban características basales similares. Los TPA de los grupos «Presencia» y «Localizada» fueron 59 y 72 min, respectivamente (p = 0,003). Los TPA de grupos «Presencia», «Localizada» y «Localizada con residente», respectivamente 59, 74 y 68 min (p = 0,001), con significación entre «Presencia» y «Localizada». No se observaron diferentes entre el TPA dependiendo de la franja horaria de mañana, tarde y noche ni entre días laborales y días de fin de semana. Conclusión: La presencia o ausencia del neurólogo en el centro hospitalario en el momento del código ictus, influye en la demora de administración del tratamiento fibrinolítico. La presencia del residente de neurología puede acelerar la realización del proceso. (AU)


Background: Hospital on-call neurology shifts are frequently on-site, but some on-call services may be off-site or mixed. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the main reperfusion treatments for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). This study assesses door-to-needle times (DNT) when the neurologist is on-site or off-site. Methods: We performed a prospective, observational study from 2012 to 2017, including patients with AIS and treated with tPA. Data were collected on sex, age, door-to-scan time, scan-to-needle time, and DNT. The on-duty neurologist was on-site from 08:00 to 20:00, and on call but off-site from 20:00 to 8:00. Three groups were formed: on-site, off-site, and off-site with resident present. Results: Our sample included 138 patients. The mean age was 69.7 years, and 45.7% of patients were women. Ninety-six patients were admitted during the on-site shift, 25 during the off-site shift, and 17 during the off-site–resident present shift. Patients admitted during the on-site and off-site shifts presented DNTs of 59 and 72 minutes, respectively (P = .003). DNTs were 59, 74, and 68 minutes (P = .001), respectively, for the on-site, off-site, and off-site–resident present shifts; the difference between DNTs for on-site and off-site shifts was statistically significant. No differences were observed between DNTs according to time of day (morning, afternoon, or night), or between weekdays and weekends. Conclusion: DNT is influenced by whether the on-duty neurologist is on- or off-site at the time of code stroke activation. The presence of a neurology resident can reduce DNT. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 38(1): 2-11, ene.-mar. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374126

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de la calidad de la atención del ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es una prioridad para los sistemas de salud, debido a su relación con la disminución de la discapacidad y la muerte. En este estudio se analizan los marcadores de calidad en ACV en un hospital de referencia en Nariño, Colombia. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los marcadores de calidad de atención en ACV en el Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño E. S. E., entre junio del 2018 y diciembre del 2019. Como referencia se comparó con los registros de Colombia en la plataforma RES-Q. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con ACV atendidos intrahospitalariamente. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la plataforma RES-Q, en tanto que el análisis se efectuó por medio de estadísticos descriptivos y frecuencias absolutas y relativas y las diferencias con pruebas analíticas. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 457 pacientes con predominio de ACV isquémico y se llevó a cabo trombólisis endovenosa al 7,2% en el 2018 y al 9,2 % en el 2019, el 27,7 % con tiempo puerta aguja menor a 60 minutos en el 2018 y el 42,8 % en el 2019. Entre los marcadores de calidad, se encontró mejoría en realización de NIHSS, evaluación de disfagia en las primeras 24 horas, realización de doppler carotideo en los primeros siete días. En comparación con Colombia, se encontró un porcentaje inferior en trombólisis endovenosa y trombectomía. La mayoría de los indicadores de atención en ACV es similar al promedio nacional. CONCLUSIONES: La mejoría en el cumplimiento de marcadores de calidad en ACV refleja el impacto de programas de atención en ACV. El monitoreo de los parámetros de calidad permite generar programas para fortalecer la atención integral del ataque cerebrovascular en la región.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of the quality of care for Stroke is a priority for health systems, given its relationship with disability and death. In this study, Stroke quality markers are analyzed in stroke in a referral hospital in Narino, Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the markers of quality of care in stroke in the Hospital Departamental Universitario de Narino E.S.E between June 2018 and December 2019. As a reference, the outcomes were compared with the Colombian registries on RES-Q platform. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of patients treated in-hospital with stroke, data collection was performed using the RES-Q platform. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and absolute and relative frequencies and the differences with analytical tests. RESULTS: 457patients were evaluated, with ischemic stroke predominance, endovenous thrombolysis was performed in 7.2 % in 2018, and 9.2 % in 2019, 27.7 % of patients had door to needle time less than 60 minutes in 2018 and 42.8 % in 2019. Among the quality markers evaluated, an improvement was found in the performance of NIHSS, dysphagia evaluation, and carotid doppler performance in ischemic stroke. Compared with Colombian registry, a lower percentage was found in endovenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Most of Stroke Care Markers are similar to national average. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in compliance of standard of Stroke Care Quality Markers reflects the impact of stroke care programs. The monitoring of quality parameters allows the generation of comprehensivestroke care programs in the region.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Terapia Trombolítica , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Colômbia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 38(1): 12-22, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374127

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCION: El ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) de etiología isquémica es una patología cuya incidencia y mortalidad aumentaron en la última década. Cuando se maneja oportunamente, mediante trombólisis como terapia inicial, mejora su desenlace y funcionalidad. En el departamento del Tolima (Colombia) no hay registros de esta patología y en el país la bibliografía al respecto es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los desenlaces clínicos del manejo agudo con r-tPA en los pacientes que presentaron ACV isquémico en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Ibagué, capital de dicho departamento, entre junio del 2019 y junio del 2020, e identificar los tiempos de atención hospitalaria y las principales variables asociadas con el grupo de pacientes que fallecieron. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal del manejo del ACV isquémico con r-tPA, en el que se describen las variables sociodemográficas, la escala NIHSS como evaluación neurológica inicial, los tiempos de atención (inicio-aguja, puerta-tac y puerta-aguja), los desenlaces postoperatorios y el Rankin modificado al egreso. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes con una media de 67,37 años, el 60,53 % fueron mujeres. La escala NIHSS al ingreso fue 13,47 puntos (DE 5,24). Los tiempos de atención fueron 183 minutos (DE 72,63) inicio-aguja, 41 minutos (RIQ 17-72) puerta-TAC y 101,50 minutos (RIQ 77 - 137,25) puerta-aguja. La mortalidad fue del 23,68 %. CONCLUSION: La mortalidad y el desenlace funcional del ACV en nuestra población fueron similares a los reportados en la literatura nacional e internacional, sin embargo, es preciso implementar protocolos de atención del infarto cerebral para incrementar el número de pacientes con desenlace favorable, acortando los tiempos de atención en toda la cadena del tratamiento adecuado del infarto cerebral.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Ischemic stroke is a growing disease in the last decade, increasing both its incidence and its mortality. However, timely thrombolysis management as initial therapy can improve both disease progression as well as an individual's functionality. In Tolima, there are no registries of this disease and in Colombia in general, the literature is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes of the acute management of ischemic stroke using r-tPA as well as identifying in-hospital treatment times, at two institutions in Ibague between 2019 and 2020. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, we describe the management of ischemic stroke using r-tPA, describing sociodemographic variables, NIHSS scale as the initial neurological evaluation, in-hospital treatment times (symptoms-to-needle, door-to-TAC, door-to-needle), the clinical outcomes, and lastly the modified Rankin score upon discharge. RESULTS: We included 38 patients with median age of 67,37 years, 60,53 % were females. The initial average NIHSS scale upon admission was 13,47 (DE 5,24). In-hospital attention time averages were: symptoms-to-needle 183 minutes (DE 72,63), door-to-CAT 41 minutes (RIQ 17-72), and door-to-needle 101,50 minutes (RIQ 77-137,25). Overall the rate of mortality was 23,68 %. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and functionality outcomes of the stroke population observed was similar to previously reported, both nationally and internationally. However, protocols should be implemented for the timely ischemic stroke management to improve the number of patients with favorable outcomes, by reducing the in-hospital attention times in all areas of the management chain.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , AVC Isquêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo , Atenção Terciária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , AVC Isquêmico/mortalidade , Octogenários
6.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(1): 50-62, feb.-mar. 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205309

RESUMO

Objetivos. Analizar y comparar el poder predictivo de mortalidad a 30 días de varios biomarcadores (proteína C reactiva, procalcitonina, lactato y suPAR) en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU) por un episodio de infección. Y, secundariamente, si estos mejoran la capacidad pronóstica de los criterios de sepsis (síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica-SRIS- y del quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment –qSOFA-). Métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y analítico. Se incluyó consecutivamente a pacientes atendidos en un SU por un proceso infeccioso. Se analizaron 32 variables independientes (epidemiológicas, de comorbilidad, funcionales, clínicas y analíticas) que pudieran influir en la mortalidad a corto plazo (30 días). Resultados. Se incluyó a 347 pacientes, de los que 54 (15,6%) habían fallecido a los 30 días tras su consulta en el SU. El suPAR es el biomarcador que consigue la mayor área bajo la curva (ABC)-ROC para predecir mortalidad a los 30 días de 0,836 [IC 95%: 0,765-0,907; p< 0,001] con sensibilidad de 53% y especificidad de 89%. El modelo combinado (suPAR > 10 ng/ml con qSOFA ≥ 2) mejora el ABC-ROC a 0,853 [IC 95%: 0,790-0,916; p<0,001] y ofrece el mejor rendimiento pronóstico con una sensibilidad de 39%, especificidad del 97% y un valor predictivo negativo de 90%. Conclusiones. En los pacientes que acuden al SU por un episodio de infección, suPAR presenta una capacidad pronóstica de mortalidad a los 30 días superior al resto de biomarcadores, la qSOFA obtiene mayor rendimiento que los criterios de SRIS, y el modelo combinado qSOFA ≥ 2 con suPAR > 10 ng/ mL mejora el poder predictivo de qSOFA. (AU)


Objectives. To analyse and compare 30-day mortality prognostic power of several biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate and suPAR) in patients seen in emergency departments (ED) due to infections. Secondly, if these could improve the accuracy of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Methods. A prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out on patients who were treated in an ED of one of the eight participating hospitals. An assessment was made of 32 independent variables that could influence mortality at 30 days. They covered epidemiological, comorbidity, functional, clinical and analytical factors. Results. The study included 347 consecutive patients, 54 (15.6%) of whom died within 30 days of visiting the ED. SUPAR has got the best biomarker area under the curve (AUC)-ROC to predict mortality at 30 days of 0.836 (95% CI: 0.765-0.907; P < .001) with a cut-off > 10 ng/mL who had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 86%. The score qSOFA ≥ 2 had AUC-ROC of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.621-0.793; P < .001) with sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 89%. The mixed model (suPAR > 10 ng/mL plus qSOFA ≥ 2) has improved the AUC-ROC to 0.853 [95% CI: 0.790-0.916; P < .001] with the best prognostic performance: sensitivity of 39% and a specificity of 97% with a negative predictive value of 90%. Conclusions. suPAR showed better performance for 30- day mortality prognostic power from several biomarkers in the patients seen in ED due to infections. Score qSOFA has better performance that SRIS and the mixed model (qSOFA ≥ 2 plus suPAR > 10 ng/mL) increased the ability of qSOFA. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biomarcadores , Mortalidade , Prognóstico , Plasminogênio , Assistência Ambulatorial , Estudos Prospectivos , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase , Sepse
7.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 37(7): 543-549, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34544671

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hospital on-call neurology shifts are frequently on-site, but some on-call services may be off-site or mixed. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the main reperfusion treatments for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). This study assesses door-to-needle times (DNT) when the neurologist is on-site or off-site. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study from 2012 to 2017, including patients with AIS and treated with tPA. Data were collected on sex, age, door-to-scan time, scan-to-needle time, and DNT. The on-duty neurologist was on-site from 08:00 to 20:00, and on call but off-site from 20:00 to 8:00. Three groups were formed: on-site, off-site, and off-site with resident present. RESULTS: Our sample included 138 patients. The mean age was 69.7 years, and 45.7% of patients were women. Ninety-six patients were admitted during the on-site shift, 25 during the off-site shift, and 17 during the off-site-resident present shift. Patients admitted during the on-site and off-site shifts presented DNTs of 59 and 72 minutes, respectively (P =  .003). DNTs were 59, 74, and 68 minutes (P =  .001), respectively, for the on-site, off-site, and off-site-resident present shifts; the difference between DNTs for on-site and off-site shifts was statistically significant. No differences were observed between DNTs according to time of day (morning, afternoon, or night), or between weekdays and weekends. CONCLUSION: DNT is influenced by whether the on-duty neurologist is on- or off-site at the time of code stroke activation. The presence of a neurology resident can reduce DNT.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Criança , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Neurologistas , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Tempo para o Tratamento , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico
8.
Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.) ; 36(6): 387-392, Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506664

RESUMO

Resumen: La coexistencia entre el fracaso fibrinolítico y la presencia de infección es más frecuente de lo que parece; desafortunadamente muchas veces pasa por alto y es concebido como algo incidental, generando consigo catástrofes vasculares y serias disfunciones endoteliales. Presentamos el caso de un adulto joven quien debuta con choque obstructivo de acuerdo con la cardioscopia invasiva y a la información gasométrica requiere terapias tempranas dirigidas por objetivos en el contexto de sepsis severa con aislamientos de Enterococcus faecalis y púrpura fulminans postinfecciosa aguda en el escenario clínico de deficiencia de antitrombina III. De acuerdo con el perfil hemodinámico referido y manifestaciones eléctricas presentadas se documentaron marcadores de actividad fibrinolítica, por lo cual fue llevado a perfusión pulmonar documentándose enfermedad pulmonar tromboembólica. Evoluciona favorablemente y es trasladado a piso para continuar atención médica en salud por los servicios de neumología y hematología.


Abstract: Coexistence between fibrinolytic failure and the presence of infection is more common than it seems; unfortunately it often is not recognized and is conceived as incidental; leading to vascular catastrophes and serious endothelial dysfunctions. We present the case of a young adult who debuts with purpura fulminans related to Enterococcus faecalis isolation in the clinical setting of antithrombin III deficiency and thromboembolic pulmonary disease. According to the hemodynamic profile referred and electrical manifestations presented, markers of fibrinolytic activity were documented, for which it was taken to pulmonary perfusion documenting thromboembolic lung disease. He evolves favorably and is transferred to continue medical health care by the services of pulmonology and hematology.


Resumo: A coexistência entre falência fibrinolítica e presença de infecção é mais frequente do que parece; Infelizmente, muitas vezes é negligenciado e concebido como algo incidental, gerando catástrofes vasculares e graves disfunções endoteliais. Apresentamos o caso de um adulto jovem que apresenta choque obstrutivo de acordo com cardioscopia invasiva e informações gasométricas, requer terapias precoces direcionadas por objetivos no contexto de sepse grave com isolamento de Enterococcus fecalis e púrpura fulminante pós-infecciosa aguda no cenário clínico de deficiência de antitrombina III. De acordo com o perfil hemodinâmico referido e manifestações elétricas apresentadas, foram documentados marcadores de atividade fibrinolítica, para o qual foi encaminhado para perfusão pulmonar, documentando doença pulmonar tromboembólica. O paciente progride favoravelmente e é transferido para o leito para continuar o atendimento médico nos serviços de pneumologia e hematologia.

9.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 13: 1-6, 2022. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1395266

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco associados ao déficit neurológico em pessoas vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo quantitativo realizado em um hospital no interior de Minas Gerais Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 52 prontuários, através de um instrumento contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e janelas de tempo de tratamento. Para avaliação do déficit neurológico utilizou-se National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Quiquadrado de Pearson, T Student e McNemar foram utilizados para a análise estatística. O nível de significância foi de 0,05. Resultados: Na admissão hospitalar houve prevalência do déficit neurológico moderado, e na alta hospitalar, o déficit neurológico leve. O valor do déficit neurológico na admissão hospitalar e alta hospitalar foram, respectivamente 13,10 (±7,2) e 7,58 (±8,3), p = (0,000). O período de internação foi de 7,78 dias para os indivíduos com déficit neurológico leve/moderado e 11,67 dias para déficit neurológico grave (p=0,044). O tempo de janela porta agulha foi 38 minutos nos pacientes com déficit neurológico leve/moderado e 55,3 minutos para o déficit neurológico grave (p=0,025). Conclusão: Destaca-se a influência da condição neurológica no tempo de internação e a importância do atendimento ágil por parte da equipe. (AU)


Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with neurological deficit in people who victims of ischemic stroke. Methods: This is a retrospective quantitative descriptive study carried out in a hospital in the interior of Minas Gerais Brazil. Data were collected from 52 medical records, using an instrument containing sociodemographic and clinical variables and treatment time windows. To assess neurological deficit, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used. The Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson Chi- square, T Student and McNemar testes were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was 0,05. Results: At hospital admission there was a prevalence of moderate neurological deficit, and at hospital discharge, mild neurological deficit. Neurological deficit values at hospital admission and discharge werw respectively 13,10 (±7,2) and 7,58 (±8,3), p = (0,000). The hospital stay was 7,78 days for individuals with mild/moderate neurological deficit and 11,67 days for severe neurological deficit (p=0,044). The needle door window time was 38 minutes for patients with mild/moderate neurological deficit and 55,3 minutes for severe neurological deficit (p=0,025). Conclusion: The influence of the neurological condition on the length of stay and the importance of prompt care by the team are highlighted. (AU)


Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al déficit neurológico en personas víctimas de ictus isquémico. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en un hospital del interior de Minas Gerais Brasil. Se recolectaron datos de 52 historias clínicas, utilizando un instrumento que contiene variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y ventanas de tiempo de tratamiento. Para evaluar el déficit neurológico, se utilizó la National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, T de Student y McNemar. El nivel de significancia fue 0.05. Resultados: al ingreso hospitalario prevaleció déficit neurológico moderado y al alta hospitalaria déficit neurológico leve. Los valores de déficit neurológico al ingreso y al alta hospitalaria fueron respectivamente 13,10 (± 7,2) y 7,58 (± 8,3), p = (0,000). La estancia hospitalaria fue de 7,78 días para individuos con déficit neurológico leve / moderado y de 11,67 días para déficit neurológico severo (p = 0,044). El tiempo de ventana de la puerta de la aguja fue de 38 minutos para pacientes con déficit neurológico leve / moderado y de 55,3 minutos para déficit neurológico severo (p = 0,025). Conclusión: Se destaca la influencia de la afección neurológica en la duración de la estadía y la importancia de una atención inmediata por parte del equipo. (AU)


Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Terapia Trombolítica , Fatores de Risco , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual
10.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(4): 189-196, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349890

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es la segunda causa de muerte y tercera causa de discapacidad en el mundo. La trombólisis intravenosa, como tratamiento agudo del ACV isquémico ha demostrado reducir discapacidad y mortalidad; sin embargo, está directamente ligado al tiempo de administración y un adecuado programa hospitalario. Mediante este trabajo se evalúan los tiempos de atención en trombólisis intravenosa en el Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño E.S.E, como institución de referencia departamental en Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo, incluyó pacientes con ACV isquémico que recibieron trombólisis intravenosa entre 2014 y 2019. El análisis se realizó mediante estadísticos descriptivos, y frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para evaluar las diferencias se dividió en tres periodos de atención. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 50 pacientes, con edad promedio 67,6 años, 58% hombres. En 70% se observó una disminución mayor a 3 puntos NIHSS post-trombólisis. El 58 % tuvo escala modificada Rankin (mRS) 0 a 1. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre las medianas del tiempo Puerta-TAC con 36,5 (n=10, 2014-2015 ), 34,5 (n=16, 2016-2017) y 16 minutos (n=24, 2018-2019). Y en el tiempo Puerta-Aguja fue de 154,8; 98,2 y 79,9 minutos en los mismos periodos. En 45,8% el tiempo Puerta-Aguja fue menor a 60 minutos en el tercer periodo. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia aumento del número de pacientes que reciben trombólisis intravenosa a través de los años evaluados, así como disminución en tiempo Puerta-TAC y Puerta-Aguja, como marcadores de mejoría en la atención clínica.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third of disability in the world. Intravenous Thrombolysis as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke has been shown to reduce disability and mortality; however, it is directly linked to administration time and adequate stroke care attention. Through this work, the times of attention in thrombolysis are evaluated at the Hospital Universitario Departamental de Narino E.S.E, as a local reference institution in Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study included patients with ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis between 2014 and 2019. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and absolute and relative frequencies. To assess the differences, it was divided into three attention periods. RESULTS: 50 patients were evaluated, with an average age of 67.6 years, 58% men. In 70% a decrease greater than 3 NIHSS points was observed post-thrombolysis. The 58% had mRS 0-1. There was a difference between the medians in the Door-CT time with 36.5 (n = 10, 2014-2015), 34.5 (n = 16, 2016-2017) and 16 minutes (n = 24, 2018-2019). And in the Door-Needle time was 154.8; 98.2 and 79.9 minutes in the same periods. In 45.8%, the Door-Needle time was less than 60 minutes in the third period. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of an increase in the number of patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis throughout the years evaluated, as well as a decrease in Door-CT and Door-Needle times, as markers of improvement in clinical care.


Assuntos
Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Países em Desenvolvimento
11.
Gac Med Mex ; 157(5): 508-515, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35104268

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gene therapy using urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been shown to induce extracellular matrix degradation, hepatocyte proliferation and liver tissue function restoration in liver cirrhosis models. Physiologically, uPA activates plasminogen conversion to plasmin, which leads, depending on the organ, to thrombolysis or extracellular matrix degradation. The purpose of this study was to compare the regenerative effect of gene therapy with adenoviruses encoding wild-type uPA (huPA), as well as its truncated isoform (ΔhuPA), in healthy and cirrhotic animals. In addition, possible adverse effects on coagulation were assessed. METHODS: 6 x 1011 vp/kg of Ad-huPA or Ad-ΔhuPA were administered via the iliac vein to healthy male Wistar rats or to male Wistar rats with cirrhosis induced by chronic poisoning with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The animals were sacrificed at day 2, 4 or 6 post-treatment. Liver fibrosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum levels and coagulation markers were evaluated. RESULTS: On day 6 post-treatment, a fibrosis reversal of 48.7-41.5% was achieved. AST and ALT levels did not change in cirrhotic animals treated with ΔhuPA, but showed an elevation in healthy animals. Cell proliferation increased in healthy and cirrhotic animals with both transgene isoforms. No coagulation adverse effects were observed in the ΔhuPA group, and by day 6, they had disappeared in the huPA group. CONCLUSIONS: Gene therapy with Ad-huPA and Ad-ΔhuPA favors cell proliferation in cirrhotic animals, without important side effects.


ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: La terapia génica empleando el activador de plasminógeno tipo urocinasa (huPA) ha demostrado que induce la degradación de matriz extracelular, la proliferación de hepatocitos y el restablecimiento de la funcionalidad tisular en modelos de cirrosis hepática. Fisiológicamente, el uPA activa la conversión del plasminógeno en plasmina, lo que conlleva, dependiendo del órgano, una trombólisis o a degradación de la matriz extracelular. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto regenerador de la terapia génica con adenovirus codificando la forma silvestre (huPA), así como su isoforma truncada (DhuPA) en animales sanos y cirróticos. Además, se valoraron los posibles efectos adversos sobre la coagulación. MÉTODOS: Se administró 6x1011 pv/kg del Ad-huPA o Ad-ΔhuPA a ratas Wistar macho sanas o con cirrosis por intoxicación crónica con tetracloruro de carbono (CCl4) vía vena ilíaca. El sacrificio fue al día 2, 4 o 6 postratamiento. Se evaluó la fibrosis hepática, la expresión de antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular y niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), y marcadores de coagulación. RESULTADOS: Al día 6 postratamiento se alcanzó una reversión de fibrosis del 48.7-41.5%. Los niveles de AST y ALT no cambiaron en animales cirróticos tratados con DhuPA, pero aumentaron en animales sanos comparados con el control sano no tratado. La proliferación aumenta en animales sanos y cirróticos con ambas isoformas del transgén. No se observaron efectos adversos en la coagulación en el grupo DhuPA y para el día 6 habían desaparecido en el grupo huPA. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia génica con Ad-uPA y Ad-ΔhuPA favorece la proliferación celular en animales cirróticos, sin efectos secundarios importantes.


Assuntos
Fígado , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase , Animais , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Terapia Genética , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/genética
12.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 83(2): 79-86, abr-jun 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144871

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento del ictus isquémico agudo con reperfusión endovenosa y determinar los factores asociados al rendimiento funcional de pacientes sometidos a trombolisis en un hospital peruano. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo y longitudinal de una cohorte de pacientes con ictus isquémico que recibieron rtPA en un periodo de 3 años. Se evaluó la relación entre datos demográficos y clínicos y el estado funcional a los 3 meses de la intervención. La asociación del pronóstico funcional se valoró mediante el modelo de regresión simple y multivariado de Poisson, y el Riesgo Relativo (RR) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95%, como medida de asociación. Resultados: Durante el periodo del estudio, 74 pacientes (1.19% del total) recibieron el tratamiento. El 68,18% logró independencia funcional (mRS 0-2) a los 90 días. La mortalidad fue de 6 % y un 3% mostró hemorragia intracerebral (HIC). Glicemia >140 mg/dl (OR 5,12; 1,31-20,02; p=0,019) e infarto de tipo posterior (OR 7,47; 1,01-55,15; p =0,04) se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de dependencia funcional. Conclusiones: En la cohorte estudiada, la mayoría de los pacientes alcanzaron independencia funcional a los 3 meses de tratamiento trombolítico. La hiperglicemia (>140gr/dl) y el infarto vertebro-basilar se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de dependencia funcional.


SUMMARY Objective: To describe the treatment of acute ischemic strokes with intravenous rtPA and determine the factors associated with the functional outcomes of patients treated with thrombolysis in a Peruvian hospital. Material and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients with ischemic stroke who received rtPA over a period of 3 years was performed. The association of demographic and clinical data with functional status was assessed 3 months after the intervention. Simple and multivariate Poisson regression models were performed to evaluate associations with functional prognosis, and Relative Risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of association. Results: During the study period, 74 patients (1.19% of the total) received IV thrombolysis, and 68.18% of them achieved functional independence (mRS 0-2) at 90 days. We found a mortality of 6%, an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rate of 3%. Glycemia >140 mg/dl (OR 5.12; 1.31-20.02; p = 0.019), and posterior circulation infarcts (OR 7.47; 1.01-55.15; p = 0,04) were associated with an increased risk of functional dependency. Conclusions: In the studied cohort, most of the patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy achieved a functional independence at 3 months. Hyperglycemia (>140gr/dl) and vertebro-basilar infarcts were associated with an increased risk of functional dependence.

13.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2019 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31780321

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hospital on-call neurology shifts are frequently on-site, but some on-call services may be off-site or mixed. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the main reperfusion treatments for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). This study assesses door-to-needle times (DNT) when the neurologist is on-site or off-site. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study from 2012 to 2017, including patients with AIS and treated with tPA. Data were collected on sex, age, door-to-scan time, scan-to-needle time, and DNT. The on-duty neurologist was on-site from 08:00 to 20:00, and on call but off-site from 20:00 to 8:00. Three groups were formed: on-site, off-site, and off-site with resident present. RESULTS: Our sample included 138 patients. The mean age was 69.7 years, and 45.7% of patients were women. Ninety-six patients were admitted during the on-site shift, 25 during the off-site shift, and 17 during the off-site-resident present shift. Patients admitted during the on-site and off-site shifts presented DNTs of 59 and 72minutes, respectively (P=.003). DNTs were 59, 74, and 68minutes (P=.001), respectively, for the on-site, off-site, and off-site-resident present shifts; the difference between DNTs for on-site and off-site shifts was statistically significant. No differences were observed between DNTs according to time of day (morning, afternoon, or night), or between weekdays and weekends. CONCLUSION: DNT is influenced by whether the on-duty neurologist is on- or off-site at the time of code stroke activation. The presence of a neurology resident can reduce DNT.

14.
Acta biol. colomb ; 24(1): 26-37, ene.-abr. 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-989037

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Invasion of trophoblast into endometrium is vital for successful pregnancy development. MMP9 and uPA are key proteases in this process, but it is still not clear the regulation of its expression by Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), a known negative regulator of trophoblast invasion. We evaluated the effect of TGF-β on the transcriptional expression of uPA and MMP9 over time, in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells cultured with or without 0.5 % fetal bovine serum, via RT qPCR. The involved transcription factors and signaling pathways were analyzed in silico, using Proscan, Enrich, PCViz and Wiki Pathway. Results showed that TGF-β temporarily regulates the expression of uPA and MMP9. Serum modified the nature of TGF-β's effects on uPA expression, from negative without serum to positive with it, showing opposite effects on MMP9 expression. In silico analysis evidenced different transcription factors for each protease, some belonging to TGF-β signaling pathway, and crosstalk with MAPK and Wnt/β -catenin pathways. The TGF-β dual role is discussed proposing that serum affects the cellular context. Transcriptional regulation of MMP9 and uPA by TGF-β is differential and depends on serum presence and evaluation time.


RESUMEN La invasión del trofoblasto al endometrio es vital para el correcto desarrollo del embarazo. Las proteasas MMP9 y uPA son claves en este proceso, pero aún no es clara la regulación de su expresión por parte del Factor de Crecimiento Transformante beta (TGF-β), conocido por sus acciones no invasivas sobre el trofoblasto. En este trabajo evaluamos el efecto del TGF-β sobre la expresión transcripcional de uPA y MMP9 en células de la línea de trofoblasto HTR-8/SVneo cultivadas con o sin suero fetal bovino al 0,5 %, mediante RT qPCR. Se analizaron in sillico los potenciales factores de transcripción y vías de señalización involucradas empleando Proscan, Enrich, PCViz y WikiPathway. Los resultados muestran que el TGF-β regula temporalmente la expresión de uPA y MMP9. El suero modificó la naturaleza del efecto del TGF-β sobre la expresión de uPA, de negativo en ausencia de suero a positivo en presencia de este, presentando efectos opuestos para la expresión de MMP9. El análisis in sillico evidenció diferentes factores de transcripción para cada proteasa, algunos pertenecientes a la vía de señalización del TGF-β, y un entrecruzamiento con la vía MAPK y Wnt/β-catenina. Los resultados sugieren que la regulación transcripcional de MMP9 y uPA por parte del TGF-β es diferencial y depende de la presencia de suero y tiempo de evaluación.

15.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29289378

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyse and compare 30-day mortality prognostic power of several biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate, suPAR and pro-adremomedullin) in elderly patients seen in Emergency Departments (ED) due to infections. Secondly, if these could improve the prognostic accuracy of sepsis criteria (systemic inflammatory response syndrome and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment [qSOFA]). METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre and analytical study. Patients aged 75 years and older who were treated for infection in the ED of 8 participating hospitals were enrolled consecutively. An assessment was made of 25 independent variables (epidemiological, comorbidity, functional, clinical and analytical variables) that could influence short-term mortality (at 30 days). RESULTS: The study included 136 patients, 13 (9.5%) of whom died within 30 days of visiting the ED. MR-proADM is the biomarker with the best area under the curve ROC to predict 30-day mortality (0.864; 95% CI 0.775-0.997; P<.001) with a prognostic cut-off>2.07nmol/l, sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 96%. The qSOFA score≥2 had an area under the curve ROC of 0.763 (95% CI 0.623-0.903; P=.002), sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 75%. The mixed model (MR-proADM plus qSOFA≥2) improved the area under the curve ROC to 0.878 (95% CI 0.749-1; P<.001) with the best prognostic performance with sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 97% CONCLUSIONS: MR-proADM showed the best performance for 30-day mortality prognostic power compared to other biomarkers in elderly patients seen in EDs due to infections. qSOFA score achieves better results than systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and the mixed model (qSOFA≥2 plus MR-proADM>2.07nmol/l) increased the predictive power of qSOFA.


Assuntos
Infecções/mortalidade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Infecções/sangue , Infecções/complicações , Masculino , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/sangue , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo
16.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 72(5/6): 359-362, sep.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020888

RESUMO

Resumen El factor de riesgo más importante para presentar una enfermedad cerebrovascular (EVC) es la edad. El ictus es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad adquirida en la edad adulta. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se estima que en el año 2050, casi la mitad de la población mayor de 65 años podría sufrir o haber sufrido un EVC. Debido a la gran incidencia y al impacto negativo que tiene esta enfermedad, presentamos el caso clínico de una trombólisis exitosa en una paciente con ictus isquémico y crisis hipertensiva en el Servicio de Urgencias. Ponemos de manifiesto la adecuada evaluación con las diferentes escalas existentes, clínicas, radiológicas y pronósticas (NIHSS, Dragon Score, ASPECT, HAT score), así como los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, los cuales son indispensables para administrar una terapia de repercusión intravenosa. Conclusiones En México, los casos reportados con trombólisis exitosa son sólo el 5%. En este caso de éxito, la adecuada actuación en el Servicio de Urgencias de primer contacto impactó de manera positiva en el pronóstico de la paciente, ya que el diagnóstico oportuno y la administración de rTPA (activador tisular del plasminógeno) evitó secuelas importantes y consiguió una mejor calidad de vida -la cual se ve disminuida hasta en 70% de los pacientes que sufren un EVC (según estudios realizados en los EUA)-.


Abstract The most important risk factor for presenting a cerebrovascular disease (CVA) is age. Stroke is also the most frequent cause of disability acquired in adulthood. According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that by the year 2050, almost half of the population over 65 could suffer or have suffered a CVA. Due to the high incidence and negative impact of this disease, we present a clinical case of successful thrombolysis in a patient with ischemic stroke and hypertensive crisis in the emergency department. We emphasize the adequate evaluation with the different existing clinical, radiological and predictive scales (NIHSS, Dragon Score, ASPECT, HAT score), as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which are indispensable to administer an intravenous reperfusion therapy. Conclusions In Mexico, the cases reported with successful thrombolysis are only 5%. In this successful case, the proper performance in the emergency service impacted positively on the prognosis of the patient, since the timely diagnosis and administration of rTPA avoided important sequelae and provided a better quality of Life, which is decreased in up to 70% of patients suffering from a CVA (according to studies conducted in the USA).

17.
Rev. biol. trop ; 66(1): 28-47, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-897652

RESUMO

Abstract Gastric cancer is ranked as the third death-causing cancer and one of the most incident malignancies worldwide. AlthoughHelicobacter pyloriis the most well-established risk factor for the development of this neoplasm, most of the infected individuals do not develop gastric cancer. Two of the main challenges faced by the world's scientific community in the combat against gastric cancer are the unraveling of its pathogenesis and the identification of novel ways to bring down the mortality. Malignant cell invasion of the non-neoplastic adjacent tissue and metastasis are pivotal events during cancer development and progression. Both processes are facilitated by proteases capable of degrading components of the extracellular matrix, some of which have been associated to clinic-pathological aspects of the disease. Recent studies have suggested the possible connection betweenH. pyloriand the expression of some of these proteases in gastric mucosa. This review summarizes the current knowledge about epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of gastric cancer; it also discusses the main findings about the involvement of the plasminogen activation system in the development and progression of this disease, as well as its potential repercussions in the clinical setting. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 28-47. Epub 2018 March 01.


Resumen El cáncer gástrico es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial y uno de los más incidentes. A pesar de que la infección porHelicobacter pylories el factor de riesgo más reconocido para el desarrollo de esta neoplasia, la mayoría de personas infectadas con la bacteria no desarrolla la enfermedad. Dos de los principales desafíos a los que actualmente se enfrenta la comunidad científica mundial en la lucha contra el cáncer gástrico son el esclarecimiento de la patogénesis y la identificación de nuevos parámetros que contribuyan a disminuir la mortalidad. La invasión de las células malignas al tejido no neoplásico adyacente y la metástasis son eventos claves durante el desarrollo y progresión del cáncer. Lo anterior es facilitado por proteasas capaces de degradar los componentes de la matriz extracelular, algunas de las cuales han sido asociadas con aspectos clínico-patológicos de la enfermedad. Estudios recientes han sugerido la posible relación entre la bacteriaH. pyloriy la inducción en mucosa gástrica de algunas de estas proteasas. Esta revisión resume conocimientos actuales sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y biológicos del cáncer gástrico; también discute los principales hallazgos en torno a la participación del sistema activador de plasminógeno en el desarrollo y progresión del mismo, así como sus potenciales repercusiones en la práctica clínica.

18.
Clin Investig Arterioscler ; 30(3): 112-117, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29395494

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A decrease in fibrinolytic activity and an increase in the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue have been observed in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between epicardial adipose tissue and fibrinolytic activity by measuring the concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 apparently healthy women aged 45 to 60 years. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations were performed on all participants. The fibrinolytic activity was determined by measuring PAI-1 by ELISA. Epicardial thickness was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: The concentration of PAI-1 was directly associated with the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue (r=0.475, P=.001), body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that epicardial fat independently predicts the concentrations of PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS: Women with thicker epicardial adipose tissue have reduced fibrinolytic activity, and consequently greater thrombotic risk.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagem , Pericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/metabolismo , Trombose/etiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Ecocardiografia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
19.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 42(5): 274-282, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29137863

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To study the results and complications of endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). To analyse the possible factors related to mortality and level of disability at ICU discharge and one year after stroke. DESIGN: Observational prospective study. SETTING: Mixed ICU. Third level hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty adult patients. Consecutive sample. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Epidemiological data, time from symptom onset to EVT, angiographic result, length of stay, days on mechanical ventilation, neurological complications, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at ICU admission and discharge, modified Rankin scale score (mRS) at one year. RESULTS: Mean age 68,90±8,84years. Median time from symptom onset to EVT: 180minutes. Median NIHSS at admission: 17,5; at discharge: 3. Distal flow was achieved in 90% of cases. Median ICU stay: 3 days. Mechanical ventilation: 81,7.%. Functional independence (mRS≤2) 50% at one year. Deaths: 22 (36,6%) of which 8 (13,3%) died during UCI stay and the rest during the first year. CONCLUSIONS: The factors relating to a worse functional outcome were symptomatic hemorrhage transformation, lack of recanalization and complications during EVT. The factors relating to mortality were symptomatic hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. Distal flow was achieve in most cases with a low complication rate. Half of the patients presented functional independence one year after the stroke.


Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Trombectomia , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Trombectomia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
Univ. med ; 59(3)2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-995015

RESUMO

El artículo presenta el caso clínico de un joven de 18 años de edad sin antecedente familiares de enfermedad crónica o hereditaria, nacido a término, sin complicaciones, quien desde los dos días de vida presentó una lesión tipo masa en la conjuntiva tarsal. Inicialmente, recibió tratamiento farmacológico tópico y seguimiento por oftalmología, por conjuntivitis bilateral persistente, masas tarsales recidivantes y cataratas en ambos ojos, por lo que requirió siete intervenciones con pobre respuesta al manejo farmacológico y quirúrgico. A los seis meses de vida se le diagnosticó hidrocefalia, que requirió manejo con derivación del ventrículo peritoneal. Dada la persistencia de la sintomatología y la refractariedad al tratamiento, se ampliaron los estudios y en una junta médica se sugirió el diagnóstico de conjuntivitis leñosa asociada a alteración del plasminógeno. Este diagnóstico fue confirmado por laboratorio clínico, que mostró sus bajas concentraciones de plasminógeno en muestras tomadas con intervalos de dos meses en tres ocasiones: 16,9%, 11,1%, 18,6% (valores de referencia: 70-150%). Se le indicó heparina de bajo peso molecular antes de procedimientos quirúrgicos mayores y triamcinolona tópica según síntomas oculares.


We present a case of an 18-year-old patient without a family history of ocular disease, born full term without complications, within his first 2 days a mass in the tarsal conjunctiva appeared. Initially he received topical treatment and follow-up by the ophthalmology department with a diagnosis of persistent bilateral conjunctivitis, relapsing tarsal masses and cataracts in both eyes requiring a total of 7 surgical interventions with a poor response. At the age of 6 months he was diagnosed with hydrocephalus and required a ventricular-peritoneal shunt. Giren the persistence of the symptoms, further studies were made and a medical board made the diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis associated to low levels of plasminogen. The diagnosis was confirmed by decreased levels of plasminogen in serum measured three times with 2 months intervals: 16.9%, 11.1%, 18.6% (reference valúes 70'150%). Low molecular weight heparin was ordered before surgical procedures, and topical triamcinolone applied according to ocular symptoms.


Assuntos
Humanos , Plasminogênio/análise , Fibrina/classificação , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Conjuntivite
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