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1.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 41(3): 154-161, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38697879

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Although some studies have reported the association between uric acid (UA) and hypertension, evidence on prehypertension is still lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the levels of UA and other cardiovascular markers among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients and assess their risk for developing arterial hypertension. METHODS: 157 individuals were recruited: 67 normotensive, 23 pre-hypertensive and 67 hypertensive. Blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were evaluated. We calculated the product of lipid accumulation and the visceral adiposity index to assess cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: Our data showed an increase in UA levels in normotensives (4.9±1.3mg/dL), prehypertensives (5.2±1.3mg/dL) and hypertensives (5.9±1.6mg/dL) (p=0.004). We found a higher frequency of hyperuricemia in the hypertensive group (34.3%) than in the normotensive group (13.4%, p<0.05). Hypertensive volunteers had lower levels of HDL-C (p=0.004 and p=0.003) and higher body mass indexes (p<0.001 and p=0.007), glucose (p<0.001 and p=0.033), triglycerides (p=0.001 and p=0.005), visceral adiposity index (p<0.001 and p=0.002) and lipid accumulation product (p<0.001 and p=0.007) than normotensive and prehypertensive participants. We also observed that individuals with UA≥6.2mg/dL had an increased risk of hypertension of 4.77 (p=0.003) compared to individuals with levels≤4.3mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that UA is associated with increased blood pressure and unfavorable changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, which represent risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Hipertensão , Pré-Hipertensão , Ácido Úrico , Humanos , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Hipertensão/sangue , Masculino , Pré-Hipertensão/sangue , Pré-Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Pré-Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Hiperuricemia/sangue , Hiperuricemia/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue
2.
CorSalud ; 13(3)sept. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404445

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) puede presentarse de forma asintomática, de ahí la necesidad de su diagnóstico para evitar complicaciones. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de enfermedad arterial periférica mediante el índice tobillo-brazo obtenido por fotopletismografía en pacientes prehipertensos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en un universo constituido por los 35 pacientes mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico presuntivo de prehipertensión arterial, del Consultorio 2 perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario Josué País García de Santiago de Cuba. Para medir el índice tobillo-brazo se empleó el pletismógrafo digital ANGIODIN® PD 3000. Resultados: El 100% de los pacientes carecía de síntomas de EAP, pero al realizar la medición del índice tobillo-brazo se encontró que el 51,43% de ellos tenía signos de esta enfermedad. La EAP fue más frecuente en hombres (52,94 vs. 50,0%), sin que se encontraran diferencias estadísticas significativas (p>0,05). Conclusiones: El índice tobillo-brazo obtenido mediante fotopletismografía resultó útil para determinar la presencia de enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática en pacientes prehipertensos. Se identificó una alta incidencia de la enfermedad, con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) may present with no symptoms at all, hence the need for diagnosis to avoid complications. Objective: To determine the presence of peripheral artery disease by means of the ankle-brachial index obtained by photoplethysmography in prehypertensive patients. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 35 patients over 18 years of age, with a presumptive diagnosis of prehypertension, belonging to the Family Doctor's Office 2 from the Policlínico Universitario Josué País García in Santiago de Cuba. The ANGIODIN® PD 3000 digital plethysmograph was used to measure the ankle-brachial index. Results: None of the patients had symptoms of PAD, but after measuring the ankle-brachial index, 51.43% of them were found to have signs of this disease. Peripheral artery disease was more frequent in men (52.94 vs. 50.0%), with no significant statistical differences (p>0.05). Conclusions: The ankle-brachial index obtained by photoplethysmography was useful in determining the presence of asymptomatic peripheral artery disease in prehypertensive patients. A high incidence of the disease was identified, with a higher frequency in the male sex.

3.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 29: e3477, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1341520

RESUMO

Objective: to identify the risk factors associated with prehypertension and arterial hypertension among Munduruku indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with 459 Munduruku indigenous people selected by means of stratified random sampling. Sociodemographic variables, habits and lifestyles, anthropometric data, fasting glucose and lipid profiles were evaluated. An automatic device calibrated and validated to measure blood pressure was used. The analyses of the data collected were carried out in the R software, version 3.5.1. For continuous variables, the Kruskall-Wallis test was used; for the categorical ones, Fischer's Exact. The significance level was set at 5% and p-value≤0.05. Results: the prevalence of altered blood pressure levels was 10.2% for values suggestive of hypertension and 4.1% for pre-hypertension. The risk of prehypertension among indigenous people was associated with being male (OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.65-4.21) and having a substantially increased waist circumference (OR=7.82; 95% CI=1.80-34.04). Regarding the risk for arterial hypertension, it was associated with age (OR=1.09; 95% CI=1.06-1.12), with increased waist circumference (OR=3.89; 95% CI=1.43-10, 54) and with substantially increased waist circumference (OR=5.46; 95% CI=1.78-16.75). Conclusion: among Munduruku indigenous people, men were more vulnerable to developing hypertension; age and increased waist circumference proved to be strong cardiovascular risk factors.


Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco associados à préhipertensão e hipertensão arterial entre indígenas Munduruku da Amazônia brasileira. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 459 indígenas Munduruku selecionados por meio de amostragem aleatória estratificada. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos e estilos de vida, dados antropométricos, glicemia de jejum e perfis lipídicos. Utilizou-se aparelho automático calibrado e validado para medir a pressão arterial. As análises dos dados coletados foram realizadas pelo software R versão 3.5.1. Para as variáveis contínuas, utilizou-se o teste Kruskall-Wallis; para as categóricas, o Exato de Fischer. Considerou-se nível de significância de 5% e valor p≤0,05. Resultados: a prevalência de níveis pressóricos alterados foi de 10,2% para valores sugestivos de hipertensão e de 4,1% para pré-hipertensão. O risco de pré-hipertensão entre indígenas associou-se a ser do sexo masculino (OR=1,65; IC95% 0,65-4,21) e ter circunferência da cintura aumentada substancialmente (OR=7,82; IC95% 1,80-34,04). Quanto ao risco para hipertensão arterial, associou-se à idade (OR=1,09; IC95% 1,06-1,12), à circunferência da cintura aumentada (OR=3,89; IC95% 1,43-10,54) e à circunferência da cintura aumentada substancialmente (OR=5,46; IC95% 1,78-16,75). Conclusão: entre indígenas Munduruku, os homens estavam mais vulneráveis para desenvolver hipertensão; a idade e a circunferência da cintura aumentada mostraram-se como fortes fatores de risco cardiovascular.


Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la prehipertensión y la hipertensión arterial entre los indígenas Munduruku en la Amazonía brasileña. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 459 indígenas Munduruku seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, hábitos y estilos de vida, datos antropométricos, glucosa en ayunas y perfiles lipídicos. Se utilizó un dispositivo automático calibrado y validado para medir la presión arterial. Los análisis de los datos recopilados se llevaron a cabo mediante el software R versión 3.5.1. Para las variables continuas se utilizó la prueba de KruskalWallis; para las categóricas, Exacto de Fischer. El nivel de significancia se estableció en 5% y p≤0,05. Resultados: la prevalencia de niveles alterados de presión arterial fue del 10,2% para valores sugestivos de hipertensión y del 4,1% para prehipertensión. El riesgo de prehipertensión entre los indígenas se asoció al sexo masculino (OR=1,65; IC95% 0,65-4,21) y a un aumento sustancial de la circunferencia de cintura (OR=7,82; IC95% 1,80-34,04). En cuanto al riesgo de hipertensión arterial, se asoció con la edad (OR=1,09; IC95% 1,06-1,12), con un aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura (OR=3,89; IC95% 1,43-10,54) y con un aumento sustancial de la circunferencia de la cintura (OR=5,46; IC95% 1,78-16,75). Conclusión: entre los indios Munduruku, los hombres eran más vulnerables a desarrollar hipertensión, la edad y el aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura demostraron ser fuertes factores de riesgo cardiovascular.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Ecossistema Amazônico , Pressão Arterial , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Hipertensão , Estilo de Vida
4.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 46(6): 701-707, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058132

RESUMO

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Functional foods containing bioactive peptides have been proposed as a strategy to decrease blood pressure (BP) in subjects under no pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low-sodium, low-fat (LSLF) cheese and LSLF cheese containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 (LSLF581) on BP in pre-hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive subjects. Sixty-one pre-hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive subjects assigned to one of twos (LSLF, n= 29 and LSLF581, n= 32) participated in this 12-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Twenty-four h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed at the beginning and at the end of each four-week study period. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased in both study groups, but differences between groups were not significant (systolic, -1.78 and -0.2 mmHg; diastolic, -1.54 and -0.42 mmHg in LSLF581 and LSLF, respectively). Although our results could not support a BP lowering effect of LSLF581, small BP reductions could favorably prevent cardiovascular disease development.


La hipertensión arterial es uno de los principales factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Los alimentos funcionales que contienen biopéptidos constituyen una estrategia útil para disminuir la presión arterial (PA) en personas que no están bajo tratamiento farmacológico. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto de un queso bajo en sodio y bajo en grasas (BSBG) y el mismo queso con Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 (BSBG581) sobre la PA en personas con prehipertensión y estadio 1 de hipertensión arterial. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo, randomizado, cruzado y doble ciego durante 12 meses en 61 personas con prehipertensión y estadio 1 de hipertensión arterial, asignadas a dos grupos: BSBG (n= 29) y BSBG581 (n= 32). Se realizó monitoreo ambulatorio de la PA (MAPA) durante 24 h al comienzo y al final de cada etapa del estudio (cuatro semanas). La PA sistólica y diastólica disminuyó en ambos grupos, aunque las diferencias entre grupos no fueron significativas (sistólica, -1.78 y -0.2 mmHg; diastólica -1.54 y -0.42 mmHg en BSBG581 y BSBG respectivamente). Aunque nuestros resultados no pueden confirmar el efecto hipotensor del queso BSBG581, las reducciones moderadas de la PA podrían prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Queijo/microbiologia , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/fisiologia , Pré-Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Peptídeos , Pressão Sanguínea , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Antropometria , Método Duplo-Cego , Alimento Funcional
5.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 25(1): 9-13, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-985292

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise promotes positive physiological adaptations, reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and promoting greater autonomic control of heart rate and reduction in pressure levels. Objective: To compare the behavior of arterial pressure and autonomic heart rate modulation in the 1-repetition maximum knee extension test, performed on the 45-degree leg press machine in normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. Methods: Twenty-four male volunteers were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated at rest, immediately after the maximum load achieved and during the 10, 20, 30 and 40-minute recovery phases. Statistical analyses were obtained using SigmaStat 3.5 software and a level of significance of 5%. Results: Mean and standard deviation were used to identify 12 normotensive patients (N) aged = 25.5 ± 5.7 years; height = 174.3 ± 6.6 cm; BMI = 24.9 ± 2.4; SBP on average = 112.6 ± 5.6 mmHg and 12 prehypertensive (PH) patients aged = 29.8 ± 6.5 years; height = 175.7 ± 6.7 cm; BMI = 27.8 ± 6.5; mean SBP = 131.1 ± 3.2 mmHg. There was a statistical difference in the pNN50 index (%) at rest (PH = 1.13 ± 0.66 and N = 1.58 ± 0.35) and in the LF/HF index, also at rest (PH = 0.18 ± 0.29 and N = −0.18 ± 0.36). Conclusion: The one-repetition maximum (1RM) test did not promote cardiovascular risk in the prehypertensive group during its execution, with double product results lower than 30,000 mmHg.bpm, demonstrating lower cardiac overload. Moreover, HRV exhibited similarity in sympathetic-vagal behavior, in the time/frequency domain, between the groups. Level of Evidence III; Study Case-control.


RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico promove adaptações fisiológicas de caráter positivo, diminuindo os riscos de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, além de promover um maior controle autonômico da frequência cardíaca e redução nos níveis pressóricos. Objetivo: Comparar o comportamento da pressão arterial e da modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca no teste de uma repetição máxima de extensão de joelhos, realizado no aparelho de Leg press 45° em sujeitos normotensos e pré-hipertensos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 24 voluntários do sexo masculino. Foi feita a avaliação da pressão arterial (PA) e da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) no momento de repouso, imediatamente após a carga máxima alcançada e durante as fases de 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos de recuperação. As análises estatísticas foram obtidas através do software SigmaStat 3.5 e nível de significância igual a 5%. Resultados: A média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados para identificação de 12 normotensos (N) com idade = 25,5 ± 5,7 anos; altura = 174,3 ± 6,6 cm; IMC = 24,9 ± 2,4; PAS em média = 112,6 ± 5,6 mmHg e 12 pré-hipertensos (PH) com idade = 29,8 ± 6,5 anos; altura = 175,7 ± 6,7 cm; IMC = 27,8 ± 6,5; PAS em média = 131,1 ± 3,2 mmHg. Houve diferença estatística no índice pNN50 (%) no momento repouso (PH = 1,13 ± 0,66 e N =1,58 ± 0,35) e no índice LF/HF igualmente no momento repouso (PH = 0,18 ± 0,29 e N = −0,18 ± 0,36). Conclusão: O teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) não promoveu risco cardiovascular no grupo pré-hipertenso durante sua execução, com resultados de duplo produto menor que 30.000 mmHg.bpm, demonstrando menor sobrecarga cardíaca, e a VFC apresentou similaridade no comportamento simpático-vagal no domínio do tempo e frequência entre os grupos. Nível de evidência III; Estudo Caso controle.


RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico promueve adaptaciones fisiológicas de carácter positivo, disminuyendo los riesgos de desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, además de promover un mayor control autonómico de la frecuencia cardíaca y reducción en los niveles presóricos. Objetivo: Comparar el comportamiento de la presión arterial y de la modulación autonómica de la frecuencia cardíaca en el test de una repetición máxima de extensión de rodillas, realizado en el aparato de Leg press 45° en sujetos normotensos y pre-hipertensos. Métodos: Fueron evaluados 24 voluntarios del sexo masculino. Fue hecha la evaluación de la presión arterial (PA) y de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) en el momento de reposo, inmediatamente después de la carga máxima alcanzada y durante las fases de 10, 20, 30 y 40 minutos de recuperación. Los análisis estadísticos fueron obtenidos a través del software SigmaStat 3.5 y nivel de significancia igual a 5%. Resultados: El promedio y la desviación estándar fueron utilizados para identificación de 12 normotensos (N) con edad = 25,5 ± 5,7 años; altura = 174,3 ± 6,6 cm; IMC = 24,9 ± 2,4; PAS en promedio = 112,6 ± 5,6 mmHg y 12 pre-hipertensos (PH) con edad = 29,8 ± 6,5 años; altura = 175,7 ± 6,7 cm; IMC = 27,8 ± 6,5; PAS en promedio = 131,1 ± 3,2 mmHg. Hubo diferencia estadística en el índice pNN50 (%) en el momento reposo (PH = 1,13 ± 0,66 y N =1,58 ± 0,35) y en el índice LF/HF igualmente en el momento reposo (PH = 0,18 ± 0,29 y N = −0,18 ± 0,36). Conclusión: El test de una repetición máxima (1RM) no promovió riesgo cardiovascular en el grupo pre-hipertenso durante su ejecución, con resultados de doble producto menor que 30.000 mmHg.bpm, demostrando menor sobrecarga cardíaca, y la VFC presentó similitud en el comportamiento simpático-vagal en el dominio del tiempo y frecuencia entre los grupos. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio Caso control.

6.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 71(11): 926-934, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29258737

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension causes subclinical changes in left ventricular structure and function, namely diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is a predictor of heart failure, being involved in the association between hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to determine whether patients with prehypertension have early changes in diastolic function in a large community-based cohort of asymptomatic adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation was performed of a community-based cohort consisting of 925 adults, aged 45 years or older, without known cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent detailed clinical and echocardiographic examination. The participants were categorized according to the European guidelines for the classification of office blood pressure (BP) levels as optimal, prehypertensive (normal and high-normal categories), and hypertensive. Diastolic function was evaluated by echocardiography using e' velocities and E/e' ratio. Diastolic dysfunction was defined using the 2016 ASE/EACVI Joint Recommendations and a 2017 clinically-oriented algorithm. RESULTS: In this cohort (61.5 ± 10.5 years; 37% men), prehypertension was present in 30.4% and hypertension in 51.0%. Using optimal BP as the reference, there was a progressive decrease of e' velocity in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals (12.2 ± 3.5 vs 11.3 ± 3.1 vs 9.6 ± 2.9cm/s, respectively; P for trend < .001). After multivariable adjustment, both BP categories were independent predictors of a lower e' velocity (ß = -0.56, P = .035 for prehypertension and ß = -1.08, P < .001 for hypertension). CONCLUSIONS: In this large community-based cohort, adults with prehypertension already showed impaired cardiac relaxation before the onset of hypertension.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Pré-Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Medição de Risco , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diástole , Progressão da Doença , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal/epidemiologia , Pré-Hipertensão/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia
7.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 34(2): 84-91, 2018. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1006903

RESUMO

Determinar el desempeño de normotensos y pacientes prehipertensos en estudios neurocognitivos. Método: Se seleccionaron pacientes con monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial de los Servicios de Medicina Interna y Cardiología del Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" entre julio 2016 y julio 2017. Se clasificaron, de acuerdo al JNC 7, en normotensos y prehipertensos (29 normotensos (26.1%) y 29 prehipertensos (64.4%). Se les realizaron pruebas neurocognitivas (atención, funciones ejecutivas, memoria), para determinar el desempeño cognitivo. Resultados: Los pacientes con prehipertensión tuvieron peor ejecución en las mayoría de las pruebas, siendo la alteración más destacada, la función ejecutiva: clases funcionales (p<0,001) errores totales (p 0,005); así como, en pruebas de atención en las cuales todas las modalidades estuvieron comprometidas: atención espacial (p<0,01), digito símbolo (p 0.018), ejecución continua: (p<0.05). También se demostró que a mayor edad mayor compromiso neurocognitivo, y que el estado nutricional parece influir en el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas siendo el grupo de los obesos el de peor actuación (p 0.04). Discusión: La función frontal fue la singularidad más alterada en los prehipertensos por su labilidad y propensión a apoptosis (filogenéticamente más nueva), motivado por hipoperfusión sostenida. Igualmente, la obesidad promueve citoquinas proinflamatorias, ausencia o disminución del receptor de la leptina, presencia de oxiesteroles, y acúmulo de beta amiloide. Conclusión: los pacientes prehipertensos presentan alteraciones neurocognitivas, surgiendo la interrogante sobre si se deben replantear nuevas metas para el tratamiento de la tensión arterial e inicio precoz en estados preclínicos(AU)


To ascertain the neurocognitive performance in prehypertensive vs normotensive patients. Method: ambulatory blood pressure monitorization in patients attending the Internal Medicine and Cardiology consultations of the Military Hospital "Dr. Carlos Arvelo", Cara-cas,Venezuela between July 2016-2017. They were classified according to the JNC 7 in normotensive and prehypertensive. Neurocognitive studies where performed (attention, memory, and executive function). Results: prehypertensive patients had the worst executive response in most tests; the most altered functional classes (p<0,001), total errors (p 0,005): likewise, all attention tests were compromised: spacial attention (p<0,01), digitsymbol (p 0.018) and continuous execution (p<0.05). We also found that in older age, cognitive function declines and the nutritional state, specially obesity, deteriorates executive function performance (p 0.04). Discussion: executive function corresponds to correct frontal lobe execution, nevertheless it was the most altered singularity in prehypertensive patients, probably due to its liability and propensity to apoptosis (phylogenetically morerecent), and because of sustained hypoperfusion in frontal regions. Likewise, obesity promotes proinflammatory cytokines, absence or down regulation of leptin receptors, presence of oxosteroids and betaamilode cumulus. Conclusion: prehypertensive patients had altered neurocognitive tests, thus arising the question if new guidelines for treatment and optimal management of hypertension should be raised in preclinical conditions(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exames Médicos , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Saúde Pública , Medicina Interna
8.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 33(10): e00139516, oct. 2017. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-952327

RESUMO

Resumo: A pré-hipertensão arterial é precursora da hipertensão arterial e fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Populações vulneráveis estão mais propensas a esse tipo de agravo devido às dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Pesquisa anterior realizada em comunidades quilombolas reportou elevada prevalência de hipertensão arterial. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência de pré-hipertensão em quilombolas e avaliar fatores associados. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. A pré-hipertensão foi definida como pressão arterial sistólica ≥ 121mmHg e < 140mmHg e/ou diastólica ≥ 81mmgH e < 90mmHg. Empregou-se análise multivariada valendo-se de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Também foram calculadas frações atribuíveis populacionais (FAPs) para os fatores associados modificáveis. A prevalência de pré-hipertensão foi de 55% (IC95%: 50,2-59,7). O sexo masculino (RP = 1,54), a escolaridade de 1-4 anos completos de estudos (RP = 1,44) e as categorias de IMC sobrepeso (RP = 1,39) e obesidade (RP = 1,87) apresentaram associação positiva com a pré-hipertensão. Maiores frações atribuíveis foram observadas entre os indivíduos com escolaridade de 1-4 anos de estudos (13,7%) e entre os classificados com sobrepeso (9,35%) e obesidade (4,6%). A prevalência de pré-hipertensão nas comunidades quilombolas foi elevada, e sua identificação pode permitir o rastreamento e a sensibilização de um grupo com maior risco cardiovascular e de progressão para a hipertensão arterial. Observa-se a necessidade de amplo acesso a serviços de saúde e ações específicas voltadas à orientação, prevenção e promoção da saúde nessa população.


Abstract: Arterial prehypertension is a precursor of arterial hypertension and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vulnerable populations are more prone to this condition due to difficulties in access to health services. A previous study in quilombola communities (descendants of African slaves) reported a high prevalence of arterial hypertension. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of arterial prehypertension in quilombolas and to assess associated factors. This was a cross-sectional population-based study in individuals 18 years and older. Prehypertension was defined as arterial systolic pressure ≥ 121mmHg and < 140mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 81mmHg and < 90mmHg. Multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) were also calculated for the modifiable associated factors. Prevalence of prehypertension was 55% (95%CI: 50.2-59.7). Male gender (PR = 1.54), 1 to 4 complete years of schooling (PR = 1.44), and BMI classified as overweight (PR = 1.39) and obesity (PR = 1.87) showed positive association with prehypertension. Higher attributable fractions were observed in individuals with 1 to 4 years of schooling (13.7%) and those classified as overweight (9.35%) and obese (4.6%). Prevalence of prehypertension in quilombola communities was high, and its identification may allow screening and awareness-raising in a group with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and progression to full-blown hypertension. The study highlights the need for broad access to health services and specific measures for orientation, prevention, and health promotion in this population.


Resumen: La pre-hipertensión arterial es precursora de la hipertensión arterial y un factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Las poblaciones vulnerables están más propensas a este tipo de problema de salud, debido a sus dificultades de acceso a los servicios de salud. La investigación anterior, realizada en comunidades quilombolas, reportó una elevada prevalencia de hipertensión arterial. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de pre-hipertensión en quilombolas y evaluar sus factores asociados. Se trata de un estudio transversal de base poblacional, realizado con individuos con 18 años o más. La pre-hipertensión se definió como presión arterial sistólica ?≥ 121mmHg y < 140mmHg y/o diastólica ≥ 81mmHg y < 90mmHg. Se empleó un análisis multivariado, valiéndose de la regresión de Poisson con estimación robusta de la variancia. También se calcularon Fracciones Atribuibles Poblacionales (FAP) para los factores asociados modificables. La prevalencia de pre-hipertensión fue de un 55% (IC95%: 50,2-59,7). El sexo masculino (RP = 1,54), una escolaridad de 1 a 4 años completos de estudios (RP = 1,44) y las categorías de IMC sobrepeso (RP = 1,39) y obesidad (RP = 1,87) presentaron una asociación positiva con la pre-hipertensión. Mayores fracciones atribuibles se observaron entre los individuos con escolaridad de 1 a 4 años de estudios (13,7%) y entre los clasificados con sobrepeso (9,35%) y obesidad (4,6%). La prevalencia de pre-hipertensión en las comunidades quilombolas fue elevada, y su identificación puede permitir el rastreo y sensibilización de un grupo con mayor riesgo cardiovascular y con progresión hacia la hipertensión arterial. Se observa la necesidad de un amplio acceso a servicios de salud y acciones específicas dirigidas a la orientación, prevención y promoción de la salud en esa población.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pré-Hipertensão/etnologia , Brasil/etnologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , População Negra , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Circunferência da Cintura , Pré-Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Pré-Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 149(11): 469-476, 2017 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28709670

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness (AS) is a well-recognized target organ lesion. This study aims to determine: 1) the frequency of AS in community pharmacies; 2) if stiffened subjects identified by brachial oscillometry have more CV risk factors than normal subjects, and 3) the dependence of stiffness on using either age-adjusted values or a fixed threshold. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional study in 32 community pharmacies of the Valencia Community, between November/2015 and April/2016. Stiffness was as pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured with a semi-automatic, validated device (Mobil-O-Graph®, IEM), followed by a 10-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age of the 1,427 consecutive recruited patients was 56.6 years. Overall proportion of patients with AS was 17.4% with age-adjusted PWV (9.4% in normotensives, 28.3% in hypertensives). Multivariate logistic regression showed independent association of stiffness in normotensives with male gender, obesity, higher pulse pressure and heart rate, in hypertensives, with higher pulse pressure and lower age. AS was globally found in 20.5% of subjects, defining stiffness by PWV>10m/s (6.2% in normotensives, 40.2% in hypertensives). It was associated with higher age and pulse pressure in both groups. Concordance in classifying stiffness was 74.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of AS varied between 17.4-20.5%. Age-adjusted stiffness is associated in normotensives with male gender, pulse pressure, obesity and heart rate, in hypertensives with pulse pressure and inversely to age. Stiffness by 10m/s is determined by higher pulse pressure and higher age. Both definitions of PWV are not interchangeable.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oscilometria , Farmácias , Análise de Onda de Pulso
10.
Invest. clín ; 58(1): 34-43, mar. 2017. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841135

RESUMO

Se examinó la asociación entre el estrés psicológico (EP) y la prehiperten sión (PH) en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 690 adolescentes: 260 varones y 430 hembras, con una media de edad de 15 años, (DE=1,5), a quienes se les determinó su presión arterial (PA) en la escuela, en posición sentada y usando el método oscilométrico (Dinamap). Todos, sin excepción, completaron una encuesta sobre eventos de vida y evaluación de ajuste social, ambas escalas asociadas con estresores vitales en adolescentes. Los partici pantes se clasificaron de acuerdo a los niveles de PA en prehipertensos (PH) y normotensos (N). La presencia de EP se evaluó como graves acontecimientos estresantes en su vida. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para estudiar la asociación entre EP y la presencia de PH. Los resultados arrojaron la presencia de EP en 70 varones (26,9%) y 155 hembras (36,0%), mientras que la prevalencia de prehipertensión fue de 9,2% (n=24) en varones y 3,5% (n=15) en hembras. Al aplicar la prueba estadística de Chi cuadrado en todos los adolescentes no se demostró asociación significativas entre EP y la condición de prehipertensión (PH con EP = 15 vs. N con EP = 24 (P = 0,42)). Sin embargo, al clasificar los sujetos por género, se encontró una asociación significativa entre EP y PH en las hembras (PH con EP = 9 vs. N con EP = 6, (P = 0,04)). El resultado anterior sugiere que, a edades tempranas, las mujeres pueden ser más vulnerables que los hombres al EP como un factor determinante a la condición de PH.


The article examines the association between psychological stress (PS) and prehypertension (PH) in 690 adolescents, 260 males and 430 females, whose average age was 15.2 years (SD = 1.5). Their blood pressure (BP) was measured on separate days at school, by the oscillometric method (Dinamap) in a seating position. All of them completed a survey assessing life events and social readjustment (both scales associated with life stressors in adolescen ce). Participants were classified according to BP levels in prehypertensive (PH) and normoten sive (N). The presence of PS was evaluated as severe stressful life events. The Chi-square test was used to study the association between PS and the presence of PH. The results showed the presence of PH in 9.2% (n = 24) in males and 3.5% (n = 15) in females, while the presence of PS ocurred in 70 males (26.9%) and 155 females (36.0%).When applied to the whole data, the Chi-square statistical test showed no association between PS and the condition of prehyperten sion (PH with PS = 15 vs. N with PS = 24, (P= 0.42)). However, when subjects were classified by gender, there was a significant association between PS and PH in female adolescents (PH with PS = 9 vs N with PS = 6 (P = 0.04)). This result suggests that, at early ages, female adolescents may be more vulnerable than males to PS as a determining factor to the condition of PH.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Pré-Hipertensão/etiologia , Estudos Transversais
11.
Med. interna Méx ; 33(1): 12-17, ene.-feb. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-894230

RESUMO

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: la prehipertensión es una condición que aumenta el riesgo de padecer hipertensión arterial. Las concentraciones séricas elevadas de ácido úrico se asocian con hipertensión arterial y dificultan su control. OBJETIVO: evaluar las concentraciones circulantes de ácido úrico en pacientes prehipertensos en comparación con las de sujetos normotensos e hipertensos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio clínico transversal en el que de enero a junio de 2016 las concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico se determinaron por método enzimático en pacientes con prehipertensión (de acuerdo con los criterios del JNC VII), así como en sujetos normotensos y sujetos hipertensos. Los métodos estadísticos usados fueron ANOVA y prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 90 pacientes con prehipertensión, 90 sujetos normotensos y 90 sujetos hipertensos. Encontramos que el grupo de prehipertensos tuvo valores significativamente mayores de ácido úrico que los normotensos (6.24±1.5 mg/dL vs 5.4±1.2 mg/dL, p=0.000206), mientras que aunque los valores en hipertensos fueron superiores (6.7±2 mg/dL), no alcanzaron significación estadística con los prehipertensos (p=0.99). Encontramos asociación significativa entre hiperuricemia con prehipertensión (p=0.015 IC 95%; 1.18-3.99). CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes prehipertensos mostraron concentraciones de ácido úrico superiores a las de los normotensos y aunque los valores mencionados fueron menores que en los hipertensos, esto no fue significativo. La hiperuricemia puede contribuir, al menos en parte, a mayor progresión hacia hipertensión arterial observada en los prehipertensos.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Prehypertension increases the risk of hypertension, serum uric acid levels are also associated with increased risk of hypertension. Increased levels of resistin and/or decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with cardiovascular mortality and the development of hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate uric acid serum levels in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A clinical, cross-sectional study was made from January to June 2016 in which circulating levels of uric acid were measured (enzymatic method) in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Fisher test. RESULTS: Ninety normotensive, 90 prehypertensive and 90 hypertensive patients were included. Prehypertensive patients have significantly greater levels of uric acid than normotensive subjects (6.24±1.5 mg/dL vs 5.4±1.2 mg/dL, p=0.000206). We also observed that hypertensive patients had increased, although non-significantly, values of uric acid than prehypertensive subjects (6.7±2 mg/dL, p=0.99). We also found a significantly association between hyperuricemia and prehypertension (p=0.015 IC 95%; 1.18-3.99). CONCLUSIONS: Prehypertensive patients had greater levels of uric acid when compared with normotensive subjects, this may explain why prehypertensive patients shown increased risk for hypertension than normotensive patients.

12.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 32(4): 133-41, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26486461

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Autonomic dysfunction with dominant sympathetic tone is a common finding among hypertensives and prehypertensives. Uric acid is one of the independent predictors of hypertension. There are very few studies which have shown a relationship between the autonomic tone and uric acid generation pathway among prehypertensives and hypertensives. Aim of the study was to estimate and correlate serum uric acid levels with autonomic function as measured by heart rate variability (HRV) among prehypertensives and hypertensives. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of three groups, prehypertensives, hypertensives and normotensives, classified according to Joint National Committee VII criteria, with 35 subjects in each group were included in this study. Serum uric acid levels were estimated by using colorimetric assay kit. HRV was analyzed after recording lead II Electrocardiogram using RMS Vagus HRV software (RMS, India). One-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation was done using SPSS 18.0 software. RESULTS: Mean uric acid levels were 5.62±2.21mg/dL in normal subjects, 7.06±2.87mg/dL in prehypertensives and 9.77±2.04mg/dL in hypertensives. There was statistically significant negative correlation between uric acid and time domain parameters of HRV in the whole sample and among prehypertensives and positive correlation with low frequency power (LF) in ms(2) and n.u. CONCLUSIONS: Serum uric acid levels were high in prehypertensives and hypertensives as compared to normal subjects. Further, there was statistically significant correlation seen between uric acid levels and sympathetic domain parameters particularly among prehypertensives.


Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca , Hipertensão , Pré-Hipertensão , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Pressão Sanguínea , Estudos Transversais , Humanos
13.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 32(2): 221-229, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-753254

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar la aceptabilidad y factibilidad de una intervención basada en salud móvil, para la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en personas prehipertensas que viven en zonas urbanas de bajos recursos en Argentina, Guatemala y Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se reclutaron prehipertensos entre 30 a 60 años para un estudio piloto. La intervención incluyó dos llamadas de consejería realizadas por una nutricionista, seguidas de un mensaje de texto customizado semanal. Una plataforma basada en Internet ofreció el soporte para la implementación de la intervención. Utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas se evaluó el alcance y la aceptabilidad de esta intervención en los participantes, y la facilidad de uso en las nutricionistas. Resultados. Se logró contactar a 43 de los 45 participantes (95%). El número promedio de llamadas para contactar a un sujeto fue de dos, con un rango de 1-9 llamadas. Dos participantes pudieron ser contactados en su teléfono celular y cinco no recibieron una exposición completa a la intervención. Basados en las entrevistas semiestructuradas, los resultados mostraron una buena aceptabilidad a la intervención en los participantes. Las nutricionistas percibieron a la plataforma como amigable y de fácil manejo. Las barreras para ofrecer esta intervención se relacionaron con dificultades para obtener una señal de telefonía celular adecuada. Conclusiones. Dada la alta penetración de la telefonía celular en países en desarrollo, se concluye que una intervención basada en salud móvil es factible y aceptable para ofrecer una intervención orientada a la modificación del estilo de vida en prehipertensos o personas de alto riesgo de enfermedades crónicas.


Objectives. To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an intervention based on mobile health, for the adoption of healthy lifestyles in prehypertensive people living in low-income urban areas in Argentina, Guatemala and Peru. Materials and methods. Prehypertensive people aged 30-60 years were recruited for a pilot study. The intervention included two counseling calls made by a nutritionist followed by a weekly customized text message. An internet-based platform offered support for the implementation of the intervention. Using semi-structured interviews, we evaluated the reach and acceptability of the intervention in the participants and ease of use for the nutritionists. Results. It was possible to contact 43 of the 45 participants (95%). The average number of calls to contact a subject was two, with a range of 1-9 calls. Two participants could not be reached on their cell phone; five did not receive complete exposure to the intervention. Based on semi-structured interviews, the results showed good acceptability for the intervention by the participants. Nutritionists perceived the platform as friendly and easy to use. Barriers to deliver this intervention were related to difficulties in obtaining an adequate cellular signal. Conclusions. Given the high penetration of mobile phones in developing countries, it is concluded that it is feasible and acceptable to offer a mobile health based intervention oriented towards lifestyle modification in people with prehypertension or high risk of chronic disease intervention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Hipertensão , Informática Médica , Argentina , Guatemala , Peru
14.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 21(3): 178-181, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-752060

RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO: A natação tem sido recomendada como tipo de atividade física para a prevenção, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da prática regular de natação sobre a pressão arterial de adultos pré-hipertensos. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 36 homens pré-hipertensos divididos em dois grupos: Experimental - GE (n=24, 40,60±9,36 anos) e Controle - GC (n=12, 40,57±8,05 anos). O GE realizou um programa regular de natação, com três sessões semanais de 45 min, durante 12 semanas, enquanto o GC não alterou seus hábitos alimentares e permaneceu sem praticar atividade física no período. O procedimento estatístico utilizado para verificar as diferenças entre as médias antes e depois de 12 semanas do programa regular de natação foi o teste-t de Student. O estudo admitiu o nível de p < 0.05 para a significância estatística. RESULTADOS: O grupo GE apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis analisadas quando comparadas com o GC, tanto na pressão arterial sistólica, PAS (Δ = - 5,89 mmHg, p = 0,00), como na pressão arterial diastólica, PAD (Δ = - 5,15mmHg, p = 0,00). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que um programa regular de natação provoca reduções significativas na pressão arterial em repouso em homens pré-hipertensos. .


INTRODUCTION: Swimming as a modality of physical activity that has been recommended for preventing, controlling and treating arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To verify the persistent effects of a regular swimming program on pre-hypertensive adults on arterial pressure levels. METHODS: The sample was constituted of 36 pre-hypertense individuals who were divided into two groups: experimental - GE (n=24, 40.60 ± 9.36 years old) and control - GC (n=12, 40.57 ± 8.05 years old. GE individuals took part in a regular swimming programme consisting of three forty-five training sessions weekly (ST) for 12 weeks, whereas GC individuals were instructed not to alter their nutritional habits and did not practice any physical activity during the experiment. The Student t-test was used as statistical procedure to analyze the differences between the average indexes recorded before and after the 12-weeks regular swimming program. The study admitted a level statistical significance at p < 0.05 for. RESULTS: The results led to the conclusion that experimental group presented a statistically significant difference for the analyzed variables when compared to Control group. There was an important reduction of systolic blood pressure, SBP(Δ = - 5,89 mmHg, p = 0,00), and also of diastolic blood pressure, DBP (Δ = - 5,15mmHg, p = 0,00). CONCLUSION: The results showed that a regular swimming program leads to a significant decrease in resting blood pressure values of pre-hypertensive men. .


INTRODUCCIÓN: La natación ha sido recomendada como un tipo de actividad física para la prevención, tratamiento y control la de hipertensión arterial. OBJETIVO: Analizar los efectos de la práctica regular de natación sobre la presión arterial de adultos prehipertensos. MÉTODOS: La muestra se ha compuesto por 36 hombres con prehipertensión delineados en dos grupos: experimental - GE (n=24, 40,60±9,36 años) y Control - GC (n=12, 40,57±8,05 años). El GE realizó un programa regular de natación, con tres sesiones semanales, duración de 45 minutos, durante 12 semanas, mientras que el GC no cambió los hábitos alimenticios y permaneció sin realizar actividad física en el período. El procedimiento estadístico utilizado para averiguar las diferencias entre los promedios antes y después de 12 semanas del programa regular de natación fue el test t de Student. El estudio admitió el nivel de p< 0.05 para la significancia estadística. RESULTADOS: El grupo GE presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables analizadas, cuando comparadas con el GC, tanto en la presión arterial sistólica, PAS (Δ = - 5,89 mmHg, p = 0,00) como en la presión arterial diastólica, PAD (Δ = - 5,15mmHg, p = 0,00). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados muestran que un programa regular de natación provoca reducciones significativas en la presión arterial en reposo en hombres prehipertensos. .

15.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390065

RESUMO

Introducción: la Medicina Preventiva enfatiza la detección de preenfermedades como la prediabetes mellitus, prehipertensión arterial, preobesidad y prehiperuricemia con el propósito de intervenir oportunamente en el desarrollo de estas afecciones. Objetivos: investigar la prevalencia de preenfermedades en pacientes adultos del Servicio de Consultas de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transverso, prospectivo, realizado en varones y mujeres, mayores de edad, del Servicio de Consultas de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional de noviembre 2012 a noviembre 2013. Fueron medidas variables demográficas, clínicas y laboratoriales. Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 267 sujetos, siendo 64 varones con edad media 52±18 años y 203 mujeres con edad media 53±20 años (p 0,62). Se detectaron las sgtes. preenfermedades: prediabetes mellitus 31%, prehipertensión arterial sistólica 32%, prehipertensión arterial diastólica 46%, preobesidad 36%, prehipercolesterolemia 36%, prehipertrigliceridemia 15% y prehiperuricemia 60%. Conclusiones: las preenfermedades más frecuentes fueron la prehiperuricemia y la prehipertensión arterial diastólica.


Introduction: Preventive Medicine emphasizes the detection of pre-diseases like pre-diabetes mellitus, pre-arterial hypertension, pre-obesity and pre-hyperuricemia with the purpose of intervening opportunely in the development of these diseases. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of pre-diseases in adult patients of the Consultation Service of Internal Medicine of the National Hospital. Materials and methods: cross-sectional prospective observational descriptive study performed in adult men and women in the Consultation Service of Internal Medicine of the National Hospital from November 2012 to November 2013. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were measured. Results: Two hundred sixty seven subjects participated in the study; 64 were men with a mean age of 52±18 years old and 203 women with a mean age of 53±20 (p = 0.62). The following pre-diseases were detected: pre-diabetes mellitus 31%, pre-systolic arterial hypertension 32%, pre-diastolic arterial hypertension 46%, pre-obesity 36%, pre-hypercholesterolemia 36%, pre-hypertriglyceridemia 15% and pre-hyperuricemia 60%. Conclusion: The most frequent pre-diseases were pre-hyperuricemia and pre-diastolic arterial hypertension.

16.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 32(3): 471-479, Sept.-Dec. 2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: lil-726857

RESUMO

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de factores asociados a prehipertensión en mujeres de 20 a 59 años, adscritas a dos unidades básicas de salud que adoptaron la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal realizado en el municipio del sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La población consistió en 1 773 mujeres con presión arterial menor de 140/90 mm ​​Hg. La variable ​​dependiente fue la prehipertensión arterial (≥120/80 mmHg a <140/90 mmHg). Resultados. La prevalencia de prehipertensión fue de 20.6%. El análisis multivariado mostró que las mujeres de 40 y más años, con piel negra o parda, con sobrepeso u obesidad y aquellas con historia familiar de hipertensión, tenían un mayor riesgo de prehipertensión. Conclusión. Aunque la prevalencia encontrada en esta investigación es menor a la reportada por otros estudios, es necesario que las enfermeras fortalezcan los esfuerzos en la prevención y detección de la prehipertensión, especialmente en los grupos de mayor riesgo...


Objective. To estimate the prevalence of factors associated with prehypertension among 20 to 59 years old women cared for by primary healthcare units that adopted the Family Health Strategy. Method. Cross-sectional study conducted in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study’s population was composed of 1,773 women with blood pressure below 140/90 mm ​​Hg. The dependent variable was prehypertension (≥120/80 mmHg to <140/90 mmHg). Results. The prevalence of prehypertension was 20.6%. The multivariate analysis showed that overweight or obese women of African descent, 40 years old or older with a family history of hypertension, had an increased risk of presenting prehypertension. Conclusion. Although the prevalence found in this study is lower than that reported by other studies, nurses need to implement efforts to prevent and detect prehypertension, especially among high-risk groups...


Objetivo. Estimar a prevalência de fatores associados a pré-hipertensão em mulheres de 20 a 59 anos, vinculadas a duas unidades básicas de saúde que adotaram a Estratégia de Saúde Familiar. Metodologia. Estudo de corte transversal realizado no município del sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A população consistiu em 1 773 mulheres com pressão arterial menor de 140/90 mm Hg. A variável dependente foi a pré-hipertensão arterial (≥120/80 mmHg a <140/90 mmHg). Resultados. A prevalência de pré-hipertensão foi de 20.6%. A análise multivariado mostrou que tinham um maior risco de pré-hipertensão as mulheres de 40 e mais anos, com pele negra ou parda, com sobrepeso ou obesidade e aquelas com história familiar de hipertensão. Conclusão. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada nesta investigação é menor à reportada por outros estudos, é necessário que as enfermeiras fortaleçam os esforços na prevenção e detecção da pré-hipertensão, especialmente nos grupos de maior risco...


Assuntos
Humanos , Epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Mulheres
17.
Rev. medica electron ; 36(supl 1)oct. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-58376

RESUMO

Introducción: la prehipertensión es la categoría de la tensión arterial definida como una tensión arterial sistólica entre 120 y 139 mm Hg y diastólica entre 85 y 89 mm Hg. La prehipertensión es parte de la evolución natural de la hipertensión, que está surgiendo en los momentos actuales como un factor de riesgo importante para la enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en las principales web internacionales acerca de prehipertensión y síndrome metabólico hasta comienzos del 2014.Desarrollo: la definición del síndrome cardio-metabólico es un grupo de factores de riesgo vasculares como son: la obesidad abdominal, prehipertensión o hipertensión, dislipidemia y prediabetes o diabetes. En los momentos actuales se recomienda la prevención basada en la intervención en el estilo de vida y también el tratamiento farmacológico de los componentes individuales que así lo ameriten, dado que la mayoría de los pacientes categorizados como síndrome metabólico están en la categoría de alto riesgo. Hay varios estudios basados en cambios dietéticos que mostraron que cambios ayudaron detener la progresión de hipertensión y también mejoraron las condiciones metabólicas. Varios ensayos clínicos están en marcha para estudiar varias drogas antihipertensivas para retardar el desarrollo de hipertensión.Conclusiones: la enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebro vascular precoz ha sido identificada en individuos asintomáticos, lo que sugiere crear guías de terapia preventiva individualizada acorde a la valoración de los factores de riesgo tradicionales(AU)


Background: pre-hypertension is the arterial tension category defined as a systolic arterial tension between 120 and 139 mm Hg and a diastolic one between 85 and 89 mm Hg. Pre-hypertension is part of the hypertension natural evolution, currently emerging as an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Method: we carried out a search in the main international webs on pre-hypertension and metabolic syndrome up to the beginning of 2014. Development: by definition, the cardio-metabolic syndrome is a group of cardiovascular risk factors such as: abdominal obesity, pre-hypertension or hypertension, dyslipemia and pre-diabetes or diabetes. At the current times, it is recommended prevention based in life style intervention and also the pharmacologic treatment of the individual components deserving it, because most of the patients categorized as metabolic syndrome are in the high risk category. There are several studies based in dietetic changes that showed what changes helped stopping hypertension progression and also improved metabolic conditions. Several clinical trials are in progress for studying some antihypertensive drugs to delay hypertension development. Conclusions: the precocious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been identified in asymptomatic individuals, suggesting the elaboration of preventive therapy guidelines, individualized according to the traditional risk factors evaluation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Hipertensão/complicações , Pré-Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Pré-Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Fatores de Risco
18.
Rev. venez. endocrinol. metab ; 12(3): 167-176, oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-740363

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en la comunidad rural de Apostadero, Municipio Sotillo. Estado Monagas. Venezuela. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal en Enero de 2013. Universo conformado por 163 personas mayores de 18 años. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, índice de masa corporal [IMC], y circunferencia abdominal), glicemia capilar, tensión arterial y se aplicó la encuesta FINDRISC para estimar riesgo de diabetes en 10 años. Resultados: De una muestra de 41 voluntarios, 25 (61%) eran de género femenino y 16 (39%) de masculino. El promedio de IMC fue 28,08±5,69, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 24,4% y de obesidad de 36,6%. El género femenino fue más afectado con IMC promedio de 29,52±6,04 vs masculino 25,84±4,37 (p<0,05). La prevalencia de pre-hipertensión fue de 31,7% y la de hipertensión arterial fue de 53,7%. La glicemia capilar media fue de 93,63±12,18 mg/dL y en cuanto al género no hubo diferencias significativas (p=0,17), la prevalencia de alteración de glicemia en ayunas fue de 24,4% y de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 4,9%. El 21,95% de los encuestados estaban en alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2, siendo las mujeres las más afectadas significativamente (p=0,047). Conclusión: La población tiene un elevado riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en 10 años, siendo las féminas las más vulnerables.


Objective: To determine the risk of type 2 diabetes in the rural community of Apostadero, Sotillo Municipality. Monagas State. Venezuela. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in January 2013 was performed. The universe was composed of 163 people over 18 years. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference), capillary glucose and blood pressure were taken. The FINDRISC survey was used to estimate the risk of diabetes in 10 years. Results: From a sample of 41 volunteers, 25 (61%) were female and 16 (39%) male. The mean BMI was 28.08 ± 5.69, the prevalence of overweight was 24.4% and obesity was 36.6%. Female gender was more affected with an average BMI of 29.52 ± 6.04 vs 25.84 ± 4.37 in men (p <0.05). The prevalence of prehypertension was 31.7% and that of hypertension was 53.7%. The mean capillary blood glucose level was 93.63 ± 12.18 mg/dL without gender differences; the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 24.4% and type 2 diabetes mellitus of 4.9%. High risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in 21.95% of the participants, women being the most affected (p=0.047). Conclusion: The population has a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 10 years, being women the most vulnerable.

19.
Gac méd espirit ; 16(1)2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-56261

RESUMO

La hipertensión arterial sistémica en la actualidad es una compleja enfermedad cardiovascular y no debemos considerarla como una mera alteración de los valores de la presión arterial, la práctica diaria nos muestra la presencia de estigmas de afección cardíaca, vascular, entre otras, con mínimas o nulas elevaciones tensionales que en ausencia del adecuado tratamiento pueden progresar mediante lesiones en sus órganos blanco o diana por lo que urge detectar a tiempo estos daños y evitar la muerte de estos pacientes. Considerando lo expresado debemos incorporar nuevos medios diagnósticos que nos obliguen a pensar mucho antes de lo que lo hacemos en la actualidad(AU)


Nowadays systemic blood hypertension is a complex cardiovascular disease and should not be considered as a simple alteration of blood pressure, daily practice shows us the presence of stigmata of heart, vascular disease, etc., with minimal or no tensional elevations that regardless the adequate treatment can improve through lesions in their target organs; that is why it is an urgency to detect these damages on time and therefore avoid the death of these patients. Taking into account what has been expressed we should incorporate new diagnostic means that force us to think much before doing what is being done today(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/complicações , Diagnóstico Clínico
20.
Rev. medica electron ; 36(supl.1): 729-741, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-728499

RESUMO

Introducción: la prehipertensión es la categoría de la tensión arterial definida como una tensión arterial sistólica entre 120 y 139 mm Hg y diastólica entre 85 y 89 mm Hg. La prehipertensión es parte de la evolución natural de la hipertensión, que está surgiendo en los momentos actuales como un factor de riesgo importante para la enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en las principales web internacionales acerca de prehipertensión y síndrome metabólico hasta comienzos del 2014. Desarrollo: la definición del síndrome cardio-metabólico es un grupo de factores de riesgo vasculares como son: la obesidad abdominal, prehipertensión o hipertensión, dislipidemia y prediabetes o diabetes. En los momentos actuales se recomienda la prevención basada en la intervención en el estilo de vida y también el tratamiento farmacológico de los componentes individuales que así lo ameriten, dado que la mayoría de los pacientes categorizados como síndrome metabólico están en la categoría de alto riesgo. Hay varios estudios basados en cambios dietéticos que mostraron que cambios ayudaron detener la progresión de hipertensión y también mejoraron las condiciones metabólicas. Varios ensayos clínicos están en marcha para estudiar varias drogas antihipertensivas para retardar el desarrollo de hipertensión. Conclusiones: la enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebro vascular precoz ha sido identificada en individuos asintomáticos, lo que sugiere crear guías de terapia preventiva individualizada acorde a la valoración de los factores de riesgo tradicionales.


Background: pre-hypertension is the arterial tension category defined as a systolic arterial tension between 120 and 139 mm Hg and a diastolic one between 85 and 89 mm Hg. Pre-hypertension is part of the hypertension natural evolution, currently emerging as an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Method: we carried out a search in the main international webs on pre-hypertension and metabolic syndrome up to the beginning of 2014. Development: by definition, the cardio-metabolic syndrome is a group of cardiovascular risk factors such as: abdominal obesity, pre-hypertension or hypertension, dyslipemia and pre-diabetes or diabetes. At the current times, it is recommended prevention based in life style intervention and also the pharmacologic treatment of the individual components deserving it, because most of the patients categorized as metabolic syndrome are in the high risk category. There are several studies based in dietetic changes that showed what changes helped stopping hypertension progression and also improved metabolic conditions. Several clinical trials are in progress for studying some antihypertensive drugs to delay hypertension development. Conclusions: the precocious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been identified in asymptomatic individuals, suggesting the elaboration of preventive therapy guidelines, individualized according to the traditional risk factors evaluation.

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