Prioritising preventive measures for unintentional sport and recreation-related deaths in Québec, Canada, based on a 14-year review.

OBJECTIVES: This study analysed sport and recreation-related fatalities in Québec, Canada, from January 2006 to December 2019, focusing on the six activities with the highest mortality frequencies. It aimed to identify activity-specific risk factors to inform prevention priorities. METHODS: In this descriptive retrospective study, data extracted from the database of the Bureau du coroner du Québec were analysed. The characteristics and mechanisms of fatalities in all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, cycling, swimming, motorised navigation and non-motorised navigation activities were presented. Incidence rates were calculated using Canadian census data. RESULTS: Male fatalities predominated, ranging from 83% to 91%, in the six activities. Traumatic brain injuries or cranial traumas were reported in 55.7% of land-based activities-related deaths, particularly in 70.1% of cycling fatalities. In 44.2% of cycling-related cases, victims were not wearing a helmet, while in 44.1% of cases involving all-terrain vehicles, victims either wore a helmet improperly or did not wear one at all. Cycling deaths mainly occurred on roads (82.9%), with 63.9% involving collisions with motor vehicles. Alcohol-impaired driving was observed in 29.8% of victims involved in all-terrain vehicle and snowmobile activities combined. Natural water accounted for 67.1% of swimming fatalities. Alcohol consumption was documented in 28.8% of deaths related to water-based activities. Personal flotation devices were not worn in 61.5% of navigation-related fatalities. CONCLUSION: Activity-specific prevention priorities have been highlighted. A thorough examination of coroners' recommendations is now necessary to understand their characteristics, as this information can guide both the identification and implementation of preventive measures.

Trail use and recreational physical activity behavior of trail users and non-users during COVID-19 restrictions in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior that was impacted for many by the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In many places, indoor recreational facilities were required to close; however, many outdoor spaces like trails were available for recreational use. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a mixed-use trail before, during, and after COVID-19 restrictions in a large Colorado city and explore if recreational PA behavior differed between trail users and non-users during those periods. Trail user counts on a mixed-use trail were extracted for 2019 and 2020 from continuous-count data. Trail use habits and recreational PA behavior from before, during, and after restrictions were collected via a retrospective internet survey (N=183). Minutes per week of walking, moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA were calculated from survey responses. Trail use data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and PA data were analyzed with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Trail use (average count/day) during COVID-19 restrictions was greater than before by 178 users and after by 96 users. During restrictions, trail users reported 153.5 more minutes of total PA per week than non-users. These results suggest the importance of maintaining accessible outdoor infrastructure for promoting positive PA behaviors in general, and especially in a pandemic situation.

Consumer product-related female genital injuries in the USA from 2013 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Consumer product-related genital injuries in females across all age groups are understudied. Existing research focuses primarily on paediatric populations. We aimed to determine characteristics, trends and predictors of hospitalisation. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for female genital injuries from 2013 to 2022. We stratified our population into four age groups (<18, 18-34, 35-54, >54 years). Automated text matching and manual reviews were employed for variable extraction. χ2 tests and logistic regression were conducted, accounting for survey design and weights. RESULTS: 9054 cases representing a national estimate of 252 329 injuries (95% CI 188 059 to 316 599) were identified. Paediatric injuries were most common (61%) and seniors had the highest hospitalisation rates (28%). Falls were common in paediatric (51%) and senior (48%) groups, whereas self-induced and topical application injuries were more frequent among adults aged 18-34 and 35-54. Injuries predominantly involved playground equipment and bicycles in children, razors and massage devices in adults aged 18-34 and 35-54 and household structures in seniors. Hospitalisation increased over the decade from 7% to 9%; significant predictors of hospitalisation were Asian race (OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.83 to 6.30), fractures (OR=7.98, 95% CI 4.85 to 13.1) and urethral injury (OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.63). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies distinct patterns in female genital injuries across ages. In the paediatric cohort, injuries are often linked to playgrounds and bicycles. For adults, grooming products are frequently implicated. Seniors commonly suffer injuries from household structures such as bathtubs. These patterns may inform discussions on tailored preventive strategies.

Epidemiology of Testicular Trauma in Sports: Analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of testicular trauma in sports on a national scale has not been well studied. Timely management and treatment after testicular trauma is critical to avoid serious, long-term ramifications of mismanagement. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze trends in sports-related testicular trauma based on specific sports and patient demographic characteristics over time. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for emergency department cases between 2012 and 2021 with injuries in the pubic region related to 10 commonly played sports. Variables examined included patient age, race, disposition, and sport using incidence rate, incidence rate ratios, and χ2 analysis. RESULTS: There were an estimated 28,844 emergency department cases of sports-related testicular trauma between 2012 and 2021. Young patients, aged between 10 and 14 years and 15 and 19 years, accounted for most cases, and results of χ2 analysis showed a significant difference in incidence based on age group (p < 0.01). Most injuries occurred while athletes played basketball, football, and soccer (73.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Sports-related testicular trauma injury rates remained steady between 2012 and 2021, which suggests greater efforts are necessary to reduce the incidence of sports-related testicular trauma. Education efforts should focus on 10- to 19-year-olds because they have the highest incidence. Given the high incidence in sports like basketball and soccer compared with football and lacrosse, testicular trauma seems to be a risk for athletes competing both recreationally and competitively.

Frequent use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is not associated with reduced vascular access recreation in a longitudinal ecology study.

The frequency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures has substantially increased, but its effect on vascular access recreation (VAR) remains inconclusive. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of Taiwan hemodialysis (HD) centers from 2004 to 2012. Data was accumulated into center-level characteristics, including patients' demographics, baseline characteristics, PTA procedures, and VAR. Center-level characteristics were summarized annually using appropriate measures. A mixed model assessed the association between PTA frequency and VAR rates, considering within-center correlation and adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 82,005 patients (mean age 62.7 ± 13.9 years, 50.5% male, 48.5% with diabetes mellitus) from 820 HD centers were analyzed. From 2004 to 2012, PTA frequency significantly increased from 1.24 to 3.23 per 1000 HD sessions, while VAR rates did not decline as expected (0.5-0.8 per 1000 HD sessions). Compared with the HD centers of infrequent use of PTA (annual lowest quartile, range 0.39-1.20 per 1000 HD sessions), the ones of frequent use (annual highest quartile, range 2.52-5.10 per 1000 HD sessions) didn't have lower VAR (range 0.54-0.99 vs. 0.50-0.91 per 1000 HD sessions, respectively). After controlling the potential confounders, the HD centers' PTA rates were not significantly associated with lower VAR rates (- 2.6, 95% confidence interval: - 30.3; 25.0, p = 0.85). Frequent use of PTA does not seem to improve VA patency at the center level, with no significant association identified with lower VAR. The indication of PTA in daily practice should be re-evaluated in terms of its efficiency in lowering VAR.

Advancements in monitoring: a comparison of traditional and application-based tools for measuring outdoor recreation.

Outdoor recreation has experienced a boom in recent years and continues to grow. While outdoor recreation provides wide-ranging benefits to human well-being, there are growing concerns about the sustainability of recreation with the increased pressures placed on ecological systems and visitor experiences. These concerns emphasize the need for managers to access accurate and timely recreation data at scales that match the growing extent of the recreation footprint. Here, we compare spatial and temporal patterns of winter and summer recreation using traditional (trail cameras, infrared counters, aerial surveys, participatory mapping) and application-based tools (Strava Metro, Strava Global Heatmap, Wikiloc) across the Columbia and Canadian Rocky Mountains of western Canada. We demonstrate how recreation use can be estimated using traditional and application-based tools, although their accuracy and utility varies across space, season and activity type. We found that trail cameras and infrared counters captured similar broad-scale patterns in count estimates of pedestrians and all recreation activities. Aerial surveys captured areas with low recreation intensity and participatory mapping captured coarser information on the intensity and extent of recreation across large spatial and temporal scales. Application-based data provided detailed spatiotemporal information on recreation use, but datasets were biased towards specific activities. Strava Metro data was more suited for capturing broad-scale spatial patterns in biking than pedestrian recreation. Application-based data should be supplemented with data from traditional tools to identify biases in data and fill in data gaps. We provide a comparison of each tool for measuring recreation use, highlight each tools' strengths and limitations and applications to address real-world monitoring and management scenarios. Our research contributes towards a better understanding of which tool, or combinations of tools, to use that can expand the rigor and scope of recreation research. These findings support decision-making to mitigate pressures on wildlife and their habitats while allowing for high-quality recreation experiences.

Age-Related Variations in Clinical Profiles for Children with Sports- and Recreation-Related Concussions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to examine clinical profiles in concussed children aged 5-9 and 10-12 years and compare them with those of adolescents >12 years. METHODS: This study included patients aged 5-18 years presenting to a specialty care concussion program with a sports- and recreation-related (SRR) concussion ≤28 days postinjury. Demographics, injury mechanisms, symptoms, and clinical features were assessed. Chi-squared tests, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis were used for comparisons across age groups. RESULTS: A total of 3280 patients with SRR concussion were included: 5.0% were 5-9 years, 18.4% were 10-12 years, and 76.6% were 13-18 years. Younger age groups had more males than females (5-9 years: 70.7% vs. 29.3%) and more commonly sustained their injury during limited- (28.7%), and non-contact (7.9%) activities compared to other age groups (p < 0.01). Younger children presented less symptoms frequently (p ≤ 0.042), but higher symptom severity in somatic and emotional domains (p ≤ 0.016). Fewer 5-9-year-olds reported changes in school (25.6%), sleep (46.3%), and daily habits (40.9%) than adolescents (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among SRR-concussed children and adolescents, we found significant age-related variations in demographics, injury mechanism, symptoms, and clinical features. Recognizing these unique features in younger children may facilitate targeted management and treatment.

Lead exposure of a fossorial rodent varies with the use of ammunition across the landscape.

Exposure to heavy metals has been documented in a wide range of wildlife species, but infrequently in ground squirrels. This is despite their tendency to be targets of recreational shooters and the accumulation of lead ammunition in the soil environments they inhabit. We analyzed lead and copper concentrations in liver (nPb = 116, nCu = 101) and femur (nPb = 116, nCu = 116) of Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mollis) and in soil (n = 75) on public lands in southwestern Idaho to understand how lead exposure may vary across a gradient of intensities and histories of shooting activity. The liver and femur of squirrels from areas used for recreational shooting for >30 years had elevated lead concentrations relative to areas where shooting was rare or did not occur (our negative control), but as expected, lower than areas used for military target training for >70 years (our positive control). Lead concentration in soils were higher in areas used for military target training than in those used for recreational shooting. There were no differences in copper concentrations in biological or soil samples among sites. These data suggest that ground squirrels can be influenced by the history of lead use in their local environment, and they illustrate another pathway by which human activity can influence toxicant exposure to wildlife.

Co-Construction of a Dance Class Adapted for Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.

AIM: To co-construct a dance class adapted for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: A three phase co-construction process with study collaborators was used to (1) define the objectives and the obstacles and opportunities related to offering a dance class in the community through three focus groups with adolescents, their parents and study partners; (2) co-create the dance class based on the results of step 1, the expertise of the research team and the logic model of the dance class; and (3) test the dance class to evaluate its effects in relation to the defined objectives. RESULTS: Three objectives were identified: to have fun, promote movement, and social interaction. A weekly dance class (60 min./10 wk) was continuously tested on the adolescents and adapted by the dance facilitators. CONCLUSION: To improve practices and support the implementation of dance classes for young people with CP, eight recommendations are proposed relating to the creation of adapted classes and the evaluation of their desired effects.

Case report: Novel use of clinical brain-computer interfaces in recreation programming for an autistic adolescent with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: In recent years, several autistic children and youth have shown interest in Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital's clinical brain computer interface (BCI) program. Existing literature about BCI use among autistic individuals has focused solely on cognitive skill development and remediation of challenging behaviors. To date, the benefits of recreational BCI programming with autistic children and youth have not been documented. Purpose: This case report summarizes the experiences of an autistic male adolescent with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using a BCI for recreation and considers possible benefits with this novel user population. Methods: A single retrospective chart review was completed with parental guardian's consent. Findings: The participant demonstrated enjoyment in BCI sessions and requested continued opportunities to engage in BCI programming. This enjoyment correlated with improved Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) scores in BCI programming, outperforming scores from other recreational programs. Additionally, clinicians observed changes in social communication efforts and self-advocacy in this first autistic participant. Conclusion: The use of brain computer interfaces in recreational programming provides a novel opportunity for engagement for autistic children and youth that may also support skill development.

Developing community-based physical activity interventions and recreational programming for children in rural and smaller urban centres: a qualitative exploration of service provider and parent experiences.

BACKGROUND: Children's physical inactivity is a persisting international public health concern. While there is a large body of literature examining physical activity interventions for children, the unique physical activity context of low-density communities in rural areas and smaller urban centres remains largely underexplored. With an influx of families migrating to rural communities and small towns, evaluations of health promotion efforts that support physical activity are needed to ensure they are meeting the needs of the growing populations in these settings. The aim of this community-based research was to explore service providers' and parents' perspectives on physical activity opportunities available in their community and recommendations toward the development and implementation of efficacious physical activity programming for children in rural communities and smaller urban centres. METHODS: Three in-person community forums with recreation service providers (n = 37 participants) and 1 online community forum with the parents of school-aged children (n = 9 participants) were hosted. An online survey and Mentimeter activity were conducted prior to the community forums to gather participants' views on the barriers and facilitators to physical activities and suggestions for activity-promoting programs. The service provider and parent discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed following a deductive approach guided by Hseih and Shannon's (2005) procedure for direct content analysis. A code list developed from the responses to the pre-forum survey and Mentimeter activity was used to guide the analysis and category development. RESULTS: Seven distinct categories related to the existing physical activity opportunities and recommendations for programs in rural communities and smaller urban centres were identified during the analysis: (1) Recovery from Pandemic-Related Measures, (2) Knowledge and Access to Programs, (3) Availability, (4) Personnel Support, (5) Quality of Programs and Facilities, (6) Expenses and Subsidies, and (7) Inclusivity and Preferences. CONCLUSION: To improve the health and well-being of children who reside in low-density areas, the results of this study highlight service provider and parent recommendations when developing and implementing community-based physical activity programs and interventions in rural and smaller urban settings, including skill development programs, non-competitive activity options, maximizing existing spaces for activities, and financial support.

Exploring tourists' preferences and willingness to pay for national park recreation improvements based on regret and utility comparison.

Research on the improvement of national park recreation policies has attracted much attention to discrete choice experiments to obtain tourists' preferences and willingness to pay. However, individual choice behavior is extremely complex, and the single Random Utility Maximization (RUM) model ignores anticipated regret and is insufficient to explain individuals' actual choice behavior. To investigate whether regret influences tourists' choices regarding the improvement of national park recreation attributes, this study introduces the Random Regret Minimization (RRM) model and explores the performance of polynomial logit models and hybrid latent class models in analyzing discrete choice models based on utility and regret. By constructing a hybrid utility-regret model, we examine how tourists trade off between attributes such as vegetation coverage, water clarity, amount of litter, and level of crowding in national park recreation. Results indicate that the RRM model has better goodness-of-fit and predictive ability than the RUM model, indicating that regret is a significant choice paradigm, and the hybrid model better explains respondents' choices. Specifically, 62.5% of tourists' choices are driven by regret, and regret-driven respondents are more inclined to increase vegetation coverage and improve water clarity, while utility-driven respondents are more inclined to reduce litter and crowding. This study not only provides a reference for managers to develop more optimal recreation improvement strategies but also offers theoretical insights for national park recreation improvement policies.

Corrigendum: The effects of preventive aerobics mix on body composition in healthy adult women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132619.].

Efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Cognition in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The efficacy of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) in patients with vascular cognitive impairment has not been explored, and no studies investigating CST in the convalescent rehabilitation phase have been reported. This study examined the effect of CST on the cognitive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment. A randomized controlled, assessor-blinded, single-centered trial with two parallel groups was conducted in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital. Twenty participants were randomly allocated to CST (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Participants in the CST group underwent two CST sessions a day, five times a week for 8 weeks, in addition to conventional rehabilitation. Participants in the control group underwent conventional rehabilitation only. The primary outcome was the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and the outcome between the groups was compared using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The mean (standard deviation) scores of MMSE increased by 3.50 (3.08) points and 4.50 (1.61) points from baseline to the end of the study (week 8) in the CST and control groups, respectively. The GLMM showed a significant effect of TIME on MMSE (F=21.121, P<0.001), whereas no significant effect on MMSE was observed for GROUP (intervention vs. control, P=0.817) or the interaction term (TIME×GROUP, P=0.649). Although a significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in each group, no significant effect of CST was evident. This result indicates that the effect may have been masked by improvements caused by natural history or rehabilitation. Future studies with a sufficient sample size are required to confirm the findings.

The Effects of Sport Participation for Adults With Physical or Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Adults with physical or intellectual disability are less active than those without disability. OBJECTIVE: To review literature regarding sport participation in adults with physical or intellectual disability. Specifically, to examine characteristics of available studies including participants, interventions, outcomes, and impact. METHODS: A scoping review was completed. Searches of 6 databases and a trial registry plus citation tracking were undertaken. Two independent reviewers screened items for eligibility and extracted data about the studies, participants, interventions, and outcomes. A single reviewer extracted data to quantify impacts of sport participation, classified as favorable, insignificant, or unfavorable. RESULTS: 164 studies involving 11,642 participants were included. Most studies (128/164) used a cross-sectional design. Most participants were men (81%) with physical disability (135/164), and spinal cord injury was the most prevalent underlying health condition (54%). Most studies evaluated a mix of sports (83/164) in a disability-specific context (159/164), with basketball or wheelchair basketball being the most common individual sport (28/164). Physical impairment was the most frequently reported outcome domain (85/334 results). Sports participation impact was classified as 55% favorable, 42% insignificant, and 3% unfavorable. CONCLUSIONS: There were many favorable and few unfavorable outcomes for participation in sport for adults with physical or intellectual disability. More research is needed to address the evidence gaps of gender, health condition, and type of sport, and to use more rigorous research designs to evaluate the effects of sport participation. While new evidence is generated, we suggest adults with physical or intellectual disability be encouraged to engage in sport. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018104379.

Insights from coronial recommendations for preventing natural deaths in sport and recreation in Québec, Canada.

Introduction: This descriptive retrospective study analyzed coronial recommendations for natural deaths in sport and recreation from January 2006 to December 2019 using data from the Bureau du coroner du Québec. Methods: Reports with recommendations were analyzed by sex, age group, cause of death, context, and activity. The nature of recommendations was assessed using a public health-based model. Thematic analysis was conducted following a four-phase approach in which themes developed were emphasized and further connected with existing literature. Results: Reports involving individuals aged 18-24 and reports related to ice hockey were significantly more likely to contain recommendations. Reports related to individuals ≥45 years old, or related to cycling or hunting had higher death frequencies, but relatively low recommendation rates. Most recommendations aligned with the public health-based model but specifying implementation time frames was rare (11.7%). Nearly 60% of coroner's recommendations focused on automated external defibrillator implementation, delivery and training. Discussion: Mitigation of sudden cardiac arrest risk for individuals ≥45 years old, timely treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias especially for activity practiced in remote regions and specifying implementation time frames were identified as improvement areas. The multi-faceted approach to enhancing public access defibrillation developed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in 2022 addresses recurrent themes covered by coroners and holds the potential to inform evidence-based decision making.

Assessing the Environmental Impacts, Condition and Sustainability of Mountain Biking Trails in an Urban National Park.

Mountain biking is a popular recreational activity in natural areas, with thousands of formal trails designed, constructed and maintained by land managers. Increasingly, there are also rising numbers of informal trails created by riders. A challenge for land managers is identifying, assessing, and then mitigating environmental impacts created by trails, including in protected areas. Here we assessed mountain biking trails in a large, popular national park on the Gold Coast, Australia, addressing the currently limited research comparing the extent, environmental impacts, condition and sustainability of these trails. Impacts from the 31.4 km of formal and 33.7 km of informal trails through the forests in Nerang National Park (1659 ha) included soil erosion (16.48 m3) and loss of vegetation along and adjacent to the trails (90,955 m2). Formal trails were six times more popular and wider on average (1.1 m vs 0.7 m) than informal trails, but less incised than informal trails (4.6 cm deep vs 6.3 cm). Generalised Linear Models showed that Trail Grade, slope and alignment best-predicted trail condition, highlighting the importance of good trail design in minimising trail impacts. It is recommended most of the informal trails are closed and rehabilitated, as they were not well-designed, increase fragmentation and have environmental impacts, with some traversing ecologically sensitive areas. In addition, some formal trails need to be upgraded to deal with erosion and other impacts. More broadly, the increasing demand for mountain biking must be addressed, including exploring opportunities to promote areas outside of national parks while minimising environmental impacts and other challenges associated with the creation and use of informal mountain bike trails in protected areas.

'Cultural Insights into Adults' Hearing Awareness and Personal Listening Device Habits: A Survey Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate adults' habits regarding personal listening devices (PLDs), associated factors such as tinnitus and hearing threshold shift, and their knowledge of safety measures, including the use of hearing protectors in noisy environments. Design: A cross-sectional survey was designed and distributed online. Study Sample: Participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years were invited to complete the survey. The online survey was filled out by 274 individuals with an average age of 24.2 years (SD= 5.1 years). Based on age, the participants were grouped into young adults (18-23 years old, 151 participants) and adults (24-40 years old, 123 participants). The estimation of noise exposure was calculated based on self-reported responses of PLD use. Two categories emerged from this calculation: the participants with exposure lower than 80 dB were in the low exposure category (N: 196, 62.9 dB), while the participants with exposure higher than 80 dB were in the high exposure category (N: 78, 89.9 dB). Results: Based on the age categories, most of the questionnaire answers were similar between the young adults and the adults, revealing similar habits in using their PLDs. However, the investigation based on exposure revealed differences, as the participants with high exposure levels were more likely to have hobbies that involved noise, and they were less likely to obtain hearing evaluations. Among the participants, 30% used their devices at the maximum volume level and on a daily basis. 33.5% reported experiencing worsening in hearing, 2.4% reported persistent tinnitus, 94.1% knew that hearing protectors were available but only 20.7% reported using hearing protectors. Conclusion: The study concludes that adults are at risk of hearing loss due to unsafe listening habits. A discrepancy between knowledge and practice is apparent and needs to be addressed in young adults by increasing awareness of hearing loss, hearing protection and annual hearing evaluation.

El tiempo libre y la recreación, en el contexto de las Escuelas de Iniciación

El tiempo libre y su adecuada utilización por medio de la recreación constituye una temática a la que se le ha conferido gran atención en los últimos años, por numerosas instituciones e investigadores de diferentes partes del mundo; lo que adquiere mayor significación cuando se aborda en el contexto educativo, por su evidente relación con la formación integral y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes. Entre los centros educativos, merecen singular atención las escuelas del sistema de enseñanza y formación deportiva, donde se complejizan las exigencias al combinarse de forma armónica la academia, la práctica y la formación deportiva. Es por ello, que el objetivo del presente artículo se centró en valorar la importancia de la utilización de la recreación en el tiempo libre educativo y creativo, desde el contexto de las Escuelas de Iniciación Deportiva, en función de la formación integral de los estudiantes-atletas. Se partió del análisis de trabajos publicados que abordaron la temática en los centros de enseñanza deportiva, para efectuar una valoración. Como resultados, se vislumbró la necesidad de profundizar en las particularidades y necesidades para propiciar un aprovechamiento adecuado del tiempo libre, con actividades recreativas variadas que contribuyan a la satisfacción recreativa, la formación integral y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida.

O tempo livre e seu aproveitamento adequado por meio da recreação é um tema que tem recebido grande atenção nos últimos anos por inúmeras instituições e pesquisadores de diversas partes do mundo; que adquire maior significado quando abordado no contexto educacional, devido à sua evidente relação com a formação integral e qualidade de vida dos estudantes. Dentre os centros educacionais, merecem especial atenção as escolas do sistema de educação e treinamento esportivo, onde as demandas tornam-se mais complexas quando a academia, a prática e o treinamento esportivo se combinam harmoniosamente. Por esse motivo, o objetivo deste artigo centrou-se em avaliar a importância da utilização da recreação nos tempos livres educativos e criativos, a partir do contexto das Escolas de Iniciação Esportiva, a partir da formação integral dos alunos atletas. O ponto de partida foi a análise de trabalhos publicados que abordavam o tema em centros de ensino esportivo, para fazer uma avaliação. Como resultados, viu-se a necessidade de se aprofundar nas particularidades e necessidades de promover o uso adequado do tempo livre, com atividades recreativas variadas que contribuam para a satisfação recreativa, a formação integral e a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Free time and its adequate use through recreation constitute a problem that has been given great attention in recent years by some institutions and authors from different parts of the world, which acquires greater significance when it is approached in the context of educational centers, due to its evident relation with the integral formation and quality of life of these schoolchildren. Within the educational centers, the schools of the sports education and training system deserve special attention, where the demands become more complex when academic education is harmoniously combined with sports practice and training. That is why the objective of this article focuses on assessing the importance of the use of Recreation in an educational and creative free time, from the context of the Basic Sports Formation, in terms of the integral formation of student-athletes. Starting from the analysis of published works related to the subject, the article makes an assessment in the context of the reality of student-athletes in these educational-sports centers. The need to deepen in the study of this population, their particularities and needs to provide them with an adequate use of their free time through varied recreational activities that contribute to their recreational satisfaction, integral formation and improvement of their quality of life is glimpsed.

Non-reporting of sport-related concussion symptoms: a cross-sectional study of community rugby league players in the UK.

Recognising and removing players with suspected sport-related concussions is crucial for community sports. OBJECTIVES: Quantify rates and factors associated with non-reporting of concussion symptoms in community rugby league. METHODS: Overall, 484 community rugby league players aged ≥18 years and 965 parents of rugby league players aged <18 years completed an online survey, regarding concussion history, knowledge, prevalence and reasons for non-reporting of concussion, long-term implications and perceptions of concussion. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of players aged ≥18 years and 22% of parents of players aged <18 years reported at least one concussion in the last two seasons. Forty-three percent of players aged ≥18 years and 5% of parents of players aged<18 years surveyed stated they did not report concussion-related symptoms sustained during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The two most common reasons for non-reporting of concussion symptoms were 'didn't want to be ruled out of a match' and 'didn't want to let down the team'. Players aged ≥18 years who received external coaching pressures around concussion were more likely to not report concussion symptoms. Over 40% of parents and players were concerned about the potential long-term implications. Ten percent of players aged ≥18 years and 7% of parents of players aged <18 years would encourage their family members/children to not play rugby league. CONCLUSIONS: Non-reporting rates of suspected concussion symptoms in adult community players were twice as high as in professional rugby league, with similar reasons (wanting to play and not letting the team down). Engaging coaches to prioritise brain health and providing broader and appropriate education on concussion should be focused on, given the concerns reported by community players and parents.