The great pretenders? Individuals' responses to threats to their remote worker identities.

Introduction: This study aims to understand (a) how remote workers respond to threats to their identity and (b) the conditions in which each coping response tends to occur more frequently. Methods: To this end, we pursued a grounded theory approach, conducting interviews with 71 individuals who chose to work remotely. Results: Our model and theoretical propositions create insights into how remote workers respond to negative stigma from a range of origins. While some responses lead to restructuring the remote workers' identity (identity restructuring responses), others involve keeping the enactment of such identity (identity-preserving responses) or maintaining a paradoxical relationship between restructuring and preserving the identity (paradoxical identity work responses). We also theorise on the conditions under which each response is more likely to occur. Discussion: We expand the predominant focus on the meso and macro aspects of this type of work to the micro-interactions in which these individuals engage, thus highlighting how identity is made, performed, created, and enacted, within specific boundary conditions. In addition, by reflecting upon remote workers' identity threats in light of the wider macro context. We also explore the conditions under which specific kinds of responses tend to emerge.

Job Satisfaction in Remote Work: The Role of Positive Spillover from Work to Family and Work-Life Balance.

The objective of this research is to propose and validate a theoretical model that explains job satisfaction in remote work influenced by family-supportive supervisory behaviors (FSSBs) and, in addition, to evaluate the mediating role of work-to-family positive spillover (WFPS) and work-life balance (WLB) in this influence. A non-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered survey to a sample of 396 teleworkers in Lima, Peru. The hypothesized model was analyzed using PLS-SEM based structural equation modeling. The results show that FSSB has a direct effect on both job satisfaction in remote work and WFPS and WLB. In addition, it shows that WFPS and WLB have positive effects on job satisfaction in remote work. Also, the results show that WFPS and WLB have a mediating role in the influence of FSSB on job satisfaction in remote work. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of supervisor behavior, positive work-to-family spillover, and work-life balance in remote workers' job satisfaction. It is suggested that companies adopt policies and practices that encourage work-life balance as well as a favorable supervisory environment.

Associações entre as características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos trabalhadores do Ministério da Saúde e COVID-19 / Associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics of Ministry of Health workers and COVID-19

Resumo O estudo objetivou descrever características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos trabalhadores do Ministério da Saúde e possíveis associações com o trabalho afetado pela COVID-19. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado entre julho e outubro de 2021. Participaram 821 trabalhadores (67,6% mulheres e 32,4% homens), 53,3% da raça/cor branca, 66,7% com pós-graduação, 38,7% com renda de 5 a 10 salários mínimos; 65,4% referiram ter alguma doença, 69,2% tinham plano de saúde, 64,5% consumiam bebida alcoólica, 6,1% fumavam e 67,4% praticavam atividade física, 53,8% e 52,2% consideravam sua saúde física e mental boa, respectivamente. Para 81,8% o trabalho foi afetado pela pandemia. Os fatores associados ao trabalho afetado pela pandemia, após controle das variáveis de confundimento, foram escolaridade e saúde mental. Segundo 55% os aspectos emocionais representam a variável que mais afetou o trabalho. Os resultados apontaram características dos trabalhadores do Ministério da Saúde que podem contribuir para o planejamento de ações de proteção e promoção da saúde. São necessários investimentos em pesquisas relacionadas aos trabalhadores da saúde não diretamente da "linha de frente" da COVID-19, mas fundamentais para a gestão da crise em tempos de pandemia.

Abstract The present study aimed to describe sociodemographic and health characteristics of Ministry of Health workers and possible associations with work affected by COVID-19. This was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, conducted between July and October 2021. This study counted on the participation of 821 workers (67.6% women and 32.4% men), 53.3% of white race/color, 66.7% with a postgraduate degree, 38.7% with an income of 5 to 10 minimum wages. In addition, 65.4% reported having some form of disease, 69.2% had health insurance, 64.5% consumed alcohol, 6.1% were smokers, 67.4% practiced physical activity, and 53.8% and 52.2%, respectively, considered their physical and mental health to be good. For 81.8%, work was affected by the pandemic. Factors associated with work affected by the pandemic, after controlling for confounding variables, were level of education and mental health. According to 55%, the emotional aspects represent the variable that most affected their work. The results pointed out characteristics of Ministry of Health workers that can contribute to the planning of health protection and promotion actions. Investment in future studies is warranted, especially as regards the issue of health workers that are not directly in the "frontline" of COVID-19 but who are essential for crisis management during a pandemic.

Associations of physical and social workplace characteristics with movement behaviors at work.

Introduction/Purpose: Sedentary behavior (SB) is common in desk-based work and prolonged periods of SB are associated with negative health outcomes. This study assessed associations between workplace characteristics and setting and movement patterns during working hours. Methods: This secondary analysis used baseline data from the Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Decrease Blood Pressure (RESET BP) clinical trial which enrolled inactive, desk-based workers with elevated blood pressure (n=271; mean age: 45.3±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 30.66±7.1 kg/m2; 59.4% women). Physical and social workplace characteristics were assessed by a study-developed questionnaire and the Office Environment and Sitting Scale (OFFESS). Participants also wore an activPAL activity monitor for 7 days and reported working hours in a diary to measure SB and physical activity (PA) specifically while working. Linear regression was used to analyze cross-sectional associations between workplace characteristics and SB and PA. A stratified analysis was also conducted to assess associations among home-based and in-office desk workers separately. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and work wear time. Results: Participants spent 77% of working hours in SB. Public vs. private offices, working in-office vs. at home, higher local connectivity, and greater overall connectedness were associated with lower SB and/or greater PA (all p<0.05). Higher frequency of face-to-face interactions, and greater visibility and proximity to co-workers was associated with less SB and more PA (all p<0.05). For example, home-based workers had more total SB (+17.2±8.4 mins/day), more SB bouts ≥30 mins (+39.1±12.8 mins/day), and less steps (695±201 steps/day) than in-office employees. Stratification by office setting revealed differences in associations between SB and PA and workplace characteristics. Conclusions: More public, open spaces with more social interactions and physical walkways could improve SB and PA patterns during work. Home-based workers had more SB, less PA, and unique associations of these activities with workplace characteristics, suggesting a need for tailored interventions.

An analysis of teleworking management practices.

BACKGROUND: Organizational changes in the traditional work models demand studies on the management of the so called "Teleworking". OBJECTIVE: This research aims to analyse the teleworking management practices to subside organizations and leaders to improve their performance and enhance workers quality of life. METHODS: A survey was carried out with teleworkers to obtain their perception of the analyzed factors, using the survey monkey tool. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). RESULTS: The validated model for the practices analysis is composed of the constructs: business management, physical and people infrastructure, leadership, self-esteem, and job satisfaction. Based on the analysis carried out, it is suggested that organizations establish organizational telework policies, follow government policies and provide communication and competence plans. Moreover, it is crucial providing technologies and support to them and develop people management practices in teleworking. Leaders must provide confidence, a teleworking culture, professional advancement, integration, well-being, negotiation of goals and a training plan. The teleworker's satisfaction is due to the sustainability related to the work model and its choice defined by personal motivation, balance between personal and professional life and a sense of belonging. CONCLUSIONS: All variables observed, linked to the constructs and validated, can be considered by managers to improve human resource management and obtain better productivity results.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde no enfrentamento do período de pandemia da Covid-19 por trabalhadores remoto / Integrative and Complementary Health Practices in Coping with the Covid-19 Pandemic Period by Remote Workers

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe enfrentamentos e adaptações ao estilo de vida dos indivíduos, necessitando de estratégias para prevenção da doença, com o isolamento e distanciamento social, o que incluiu o trabalho remoto (TR) e adaptação da rotina e estrutura ocupacional. Esta nova dinâmica repercutiu em impacto biopsicossocial, diminuindo o rendimento durante o trabalho, e gerando agravos físicos, psicológicos e emocionais. Diante deste contexto, faz-se necessário investigar recursos que minimizem estes impactos. Investigou-se o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde ­ PICS como recurso de enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19 por trabalhadores em atividade remota. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário, via ferramenta Google Forms, para indivíduos acima de 18 anos que /estiveram em atividades ocupacionais remotas por pelo menos 3 meses durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Participaram do estudo 186 indivíduos de 20 a 70 anos selecionados aleatoriamente por convite em redes sociais, sendo que estes deveriam preencher os critérios de inclusão e poderiam pertencer a diferentes setores de trabalho. Sobre o impacto da pandemia na saúde, a maioria (40,32%) sentiu de forma "razoável", enquanto o impacto do TR sobre a saúde foi relatado por 37,63% como "não prejudicial". 66,67% dos participantes não praticavam nenhuma PICS antes da pandemia. Destes, 20,91% iniciaram alguma prática durante o isolamento, 78,26% faziam mais de uma modalidade e 21,74% apenas uma. Os motivos relatados para o início da prática foram: dores e/ou lesões ortopédicas, ansiedade e estresse. As práticas mais realizadas foram: meditação (14,5%) e yoga (10,22%). Para quem iniciou alguma prática, a importância em relação à saúde, foi considerada muito importante para 65,22% e quando questionados sobre a utilização das PICS, como estratégia de enfrentamento da pandemia, foi considerado muito importante por 47,83%. Conclui-se que as PICS foram recursos considerados importantes para a saúde e procurados para o enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19, por trabalhadores em TR, sendo meditação e yoga as terapias mais utilizadas.

The Covid-19 pandemic brought challenges and adaptations to individuals' lifestyles, requiring strategies to prevent the disease, with isolation and social distancing, which included remote work (RW) and adaptation of the routine and occupational structure. This new dynamic had a biopsychosocial impact, reducing performance during work and generating physical, psychological and emotional problems. Given this context, it is necessary to investigate resources that minimize these impacts. The use of Integrative and Complementary Health Practices ­ ICHP was investigated as a resource to combat the Covid-19 pandemic by workers in remote activities. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out by applying a questionnaire, via the Google Forms tool, to individuals over 18 years of age who had been in remote occupational activities for at least 3 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. 186 individuals aged 20 to 70 years old, randomly selected by invitation on social networks, participated in the study, and they had to meet the inclusion criteria and could belong to different work sectors. Regarding the impact of the pandemic on health, the majority (40.32%) felt it was "reasonable", while the impact of RW on health was reported by 37.63% as "not harmful". 66.67% of participants did not practice any ICHP before the pandemic. Of these, 20.91% started some practice during isolation, 78.26% did more than one modality and 21.74% only one. The reasons reported for starting the practice were: pain and/or orthopedic injuries, anxiety and stress. The most common practices were: meditation (14.5%) and yoga (10.22%). For those who started some practice, the importance in relation to health was considered very important by 65.22% and when asked about the use of ICHP, as a strategy to face the pandemic, it was considered very important by 47.83%. It is concluded that PICS were resources considered important for health and sought after to combat the Covid-19 pandemic, by workers in RT, with meditation and yoga being the most used therapies.

Quality of life and associated factors on employees of a public university working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 imposed restrictions to movement, generating new work dynamics especially in the education sector, where remote working has become the rule. The overlapping of work-related and domestic tasks and the fear of the virus generated an additional burden to workers, with unknown effects on their quality of life. Objectives: To estimate the quality of life of employees of the education sector who were working remotely during the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and identify associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed with a sample of 317 government employees of a federal university between August 25 2020 and September 11 2020. Standardized questionnaires concerning sociodemographic and economic aspects were constructed using the Google Forms tool. The European Health Interview Survey - Quality of Life 8-item index was used to assess quality of life. Multiple linear regression was used to check for associations between variables using quality of life scores as outcome (alpha value of 5%). This research proposal was approved by the National Research Ethics Commission, with a Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appreciation No. 33636220.1.0000.0056. Results: The European Health Interview Survey - Quality of Life 8-item index resulted in mean adjusted scores of 3.5 ± 1.9. Quality of life was independently associated with age (ß = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.02, p = 0.015), physical activity (ß = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.38, p = 0.049), smoking habits (ß = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.88, p = 0.002), having a dedicated workspace (ß = 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.26, p = 0.023), performing housework (ß =-0.20, 95% confidence interval-0.32 to-0.08, p < 0.001), financial difficulties (ß =-0.26, 95% confidence interval-0.40 to-0.12, p < 0.001), and the impact of social distancing at work (ß =-0.33, 95% confidence interval-0.47 to-0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The level of quality of life within the sample was reasonable; it was higher among older participants who were physically active and did not smoke, and lower when the socioeconomic situation was unfavorable. This highlights the importance of constructing support strategies while the effects of the pandemic linger.

Trabalhar de casa na pandemia: sentimentos e vivências de gestores e não-gestores públicos / Working from home in the pandemic: feelings and experiences of managers and non-public managers / Trabajar desde casa en la pandemia: sentimientos y vivencias de gestores y no gestores públicos

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar e discutir as percepções de gestores e não-gestores do serviço público, com e sem experiência com teletrabalho, a respeito dessa modalidade de trabalho adotada compulsoriamente em resposta à pandemia da COVID-19. Participaram 1.749 trabalhadores (26% gestores), sendo 52% sem experiência em teletrabalho. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos primeiros meses da pandemia (abril a junho de 2020), a partir de uma pergunta indutora sobre os sentimentos em relação ao teletrabalho. Foi realizada análise de classificação hierárquica descendente no Iramuteq. Foram encontradas diferenças na percepção do teletrabalho de quem tinha ou não experiência com a modalidade remota, bem como diferenças nas percepções de servidores e gestores, sendo acrescidas a estes últimos preocupações com suas equipes. A discussão apresenta implicações para o serviço público e indicações de estudos futuros.

The aim of this study was to compare and discuss perceptions of public service managers and non-managers, with and without experience working remotely, in regards to the compulsory remote work adopted in response to the covid-19 pandemic. A total of 1,749 workers participated (26% managers), 52% of them with remote work experience. Data were collected during the first months of the pandemic (April to June 2020), based on an open question about their feelings about working remotely. We applied descending hierarchical classification on the Iramuteq software. Differences were found in the perceptions about working remotely among those with remote work experience and those with no experience, as well as differences in the perceptions of non-managers and managers who, in addition, were concerned about their teams. The discussion has implications for the public service and points to the need for further studies.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de comparar y discutir las percepciones de gestores y no gestores del servicio público, con y sin experiencia en teletrabajo, sobre el tipo de trabajo adoptado obligatoriamente en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. Participaron 1.749 trabajadores (26% gestores), 52% sin experiencia con el teletrabajo. La colecta de datos ocurrió en los primeros meses de la pandemia (abril a junio del 2020), a partir de una pregunta inductora sobre los sentimientos en relación al teletrabajo. El análisis de clasificación jerárquica descendente se realizó en el programa Iramuteq. Fueron encontradas diferencias en la percepción del teletrabajo de quien tenía o no experiencia con la modalidad remota, así como diferencias en las percepciones de no gestores y gestores, siendo agregadas a estas últimas preocupaciones con sus equipos. La discusión presenta implicaciones para el servicio público e indicaciones de estudios futuros.

Condiciones de Teletrabajo, Conflicto Trabajo-Familia y Carga Mental en Trabajadores/as del sector privado en Chile / Telework, work-family conflict and mental burden in private sector workers in Chile / Teletrabalho, conflito trabalho-família e carga mental em trabalhadores do setor privado no Chile

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la relación que existe entre teletrabajo, carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia. A 102 trabajadores del sector privado en Chile, que se encuentran bajo la modalidad de teletrabajo, se les administró de manera online los cuestionarios Cuestionario de percepción y condiciones teletrabajo (Ossa, Jiménez y Gómez, 2020), Cuestionario de carga mental (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos y Barriga, 2014) y Cuestionario conflicto trabajo-familia" (Carlson, Kacmar y Williams, 2000). Se observan relaciones negativas y significativas entre teletrabajo y conflicto trabajo familia (r= -.572, p= .000) , y entre teletrabajo y carga mental (r= -.307, p= .002). Mientras que entre carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia existe relación positiva (r= .360, p= .000). Se concluye que el Teletrabajo tiene influencia en las áreas de carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia, del mismo modo que estas variables tienen influencia en el teletrabajo, por lo que el apoyo de recursos organizacionales, tecnológicos e interpersonales de una de estas áreas por parte de la organización será beneficioso para las políticas organizacionales.

The present study has as its objective to describe the existing relationship between remote work, mental burden and work-family conflict. The questionnaires Remote Work Perception Scale (Ossa, Jiménez & Gómez, 2020), Mental Burden Scale (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos & Barriga, 2014) and Work-family Conflict Questionnaire (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000)were administered via online to 102 private sector workers in Chile who are working remotely. Negative relationships between remote work and work-family conflict were observed (r= -.572, p= .000), and between remote work and mental burden (r= -.307, p= .002). While there is a positive relationship between mental burden and work-family conflict (r= .360, p= .000). It is concluded that remote work has an influence on the areas of mental burden and work-family conflict in the same manner that this variables have an influence on remote work, so that the support of organisational, technological and interpersonal resources on one of these areas by the organisation can be beneficial for the organisational politics and the workers' life.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a relação entre teletrabalho, carga mental e conflito trabalho-família. 102 trabalhadores do setor privado no Chile, que estão na modalidade de teletrabalho, foram aplicados online os questionários "Questionário de condições de percepção e teletrabalho" (Ossa, Jiménez e Gómez, 2020), "Questionário de carga mental" (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos e Barriga, 2014) e "Questionário conflito trabalho-família" (Carlson, Kacmar e Williams, 2000). Observam-se relações negativas e significativas entre o teletrabalho e o conflito trabalho-família (r = -.572, p = .000) e entre o teletrabalho e a carga mental (r = -.307, p= .002). Já entre carga mental e conflito trabalho-família existe uma relação positiva (r = 0,360, p = 0,000). Conclui-se que o Teletrabalho influencia as áreas de carga mental e conflito trabalho-família, da mesma forma que estas variáveis ​​influenciam o teletrabalho, de forma que o suporte dos recursos organizacionais, tecnológicos e interpessoais de uma destas áreas por da organização será benéfico para as políticas organizacionais.

Condiciones de Teletrabajo, Conflicto Trabajo-Familia y Carga Mental en Trabajadores/as del sector privado en Chile

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la relación que existe entre teletrabajo, carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia. A 102 trabajadores del sector privado en Chile, que se encuentran bajo la modalidad de teletrabajo, se les administró de manera online los cuestionarios "Cuestionario de percepción y condiciones teletrabajo" (Ossa, Jiménez y Gómez, 2020), "Cuestionario de carga mental" (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos y Barriga, 2014) y "Cuestionario conflicto trabajo-familia" (Carlson, Kacmar y Williams, 2000). Se observan relaciones negativas y significativas entre teletrabajo y conflicto trabajo familia (r= -.572, p= .000) , y entre teletrabajo y carga mental (r= -.307, p= .002). Mientras que entre carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia existe relación positiva (r= .360, p= .000). Se concluye que el Teletrabajo tiene influencia en las áreas de carga mental y conflicto trabajo-familia, del mismo modo que estas variables tienen influencia en el teletrabajo, por lo que el apoyo de recursos organizacionales, tecnológicos e interpersonales de una de estas áreas por parte de la organización será beneficioso para las políticas organizacionales.

The present study has as its objective to describe the existing relationship between remote work, mental burden and work-family conflict. The questionnaires "Remote Work Perception Scale" (Ossa, Jiménez & Gómez, 2020), "Mental Burden Scale" (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos & Barriga, 2014) and "Work-family Conflict Questionnaire" (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000)were administered via online to 102 private sector workers in Chile who are working remotely. Negative relationships between remote work and work-family conflict were observed (r= -.572, p= .000), and between remote work and mental burden (r= -.307, p= .002). While there is a positive relationship between mental burden and work-family conflict (r= .360, p= .000). It is concluded that remote work has an influence on the areas of mental burden and work-family conflict in the same manner that this variables have an influence on remote work, so that the support of organisational, technological and interpersonal resources on one of these areas by the organisation can be beneficial for the organisational politics and the workers' life.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a relação entre teletrabalho, carga mental e conflito trabalho-família. 102 trabalhadores do setor privado no Chile, que estão na modalidade de teletrabalho, foram aplicados online os questionários "Questionário de condições de percepção e teletrabalho" (Ossa, Jiménez e Gómez, 2020), "Questionário de carga mental" (Ceballos, Paravic, Burgos e Barriga, 2014) e "Questionário conflito trabalho-família" (Carlson, Kacmar e Williams, 2000). Observam-se relações negativas e significativas entre o teletrabalho e o conflito trabalho-família (r = -.572, p = .000) e entre o teletrabalho e a carga mental (r = -.307, p= .002). Já entre carga mental e conflito trabalho-família existe uma relação positiva (r = 0,360, p = 0,000). Conclui-se que o Teletrabalho influencia as áreas de carga mental e conflito trabalho-família, da mesma forma que estas variáveis ​​influenciam o teletrabalho, de forma que o suporte dos recursos organizacionais, tecnológicos e interpessoais de uma destas áreas por da organização será benéfico para as políticas organizacionais.

Predictive variables for feelings of sadness and depression while working remotely in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Remote work was evidenced in the pandemic and studies in this area increased. Most studies focus on professionals of companies or professors/students in the academic environment. At the same time, non-academic staff, that provide all the support required for the core activities of the institutions (research/teaching/extension activities) have been neglected. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to exploratory analyse which variables (interruptions when working remotely (1), health concerns (2) and fear of contracting coronavirus (3), anxiety and concern about professional career (4), frustration to have cancelled plans and missed opportunities (5) and gender (6)) can impact feelings of sadness and depression experienced by non-academic staff of a university working remotely. METHODS: Using a database on behaviour and feelings of non-academic staff from a Brazilian university working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, a binary logistic regression model was structured. In an exploratory manner, six independent variables (presented in the previous item) were analysed in terms of their ability to predict the dependent variable (feelings of sadness and depression). RESULTS: The results presented the prediction power of the independent variables for the dependent variable. The variables regarding concern with their health, increased anxiety and concern about their career presented Odds Ratios of 3.6 (1.4-8.5 -95% C.I.) and 3.3 (2.2-5.0 -95% C.I.), respectively, standing out from the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: These results focus on staff at one institution, but they can contribute to better understand feelings and behaviours experienced by professionals working remotely and provide information for debates on the field of COVID-19-related changes of work.

Worker health impacts from working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. With the rapid spread of the virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 declared the initial outbreak of the disease a pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To assess the challenges and consequences of working from home on worker health during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional and descriptive study developed in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, from December 2020 to January 2021. An online questionnaire was used to interview workers working from home and later a statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: 327 workers from various fields of activity participated, mainly those from the south of the country, women, and workers who develop activities in education. In addition, results show anxiety and/or irritability, weight gain, discouragement, headaches and muscle and joint problems. CONCLUSION: Most participants found an increase in working hours while working from home, with several breaks during the day and adequate furniture. However, there was a worsening of physical pain and changes in symptoms of anxiety, weight gain, discouragement and headaches.

Productivity analysis in work from home modality: An exploratory study considering an emerging country scenario in the COVID-19 context.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the work environment worldwide and forced companies to adopt work from home (WFH) suddenly. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify factors that influence productivity in the WFH modality, considering the Brazilian scenario in the COVID-19 context. METHODS: The approach used was a Delphi method with 19 specialists in the subject. Three rounds were conducted; in the third round, specialists indicated how the factor influences productivity through a scale. For the data collected in this last round, data was analysed via Grey Relational Analysis technique. RESULTS: The results indicated that 17 factors could influence productivity in the WFH modality in the analysed context. Comparatively, the five factors with more capacity to influence productivity are 1) Availability of adequate equipment and peripherals to develop the work activities; 2) leadership support; 3) The adequate place to develop work activities; 4) Internet and electricity supply stability; and 5) Clarity from the collaborator regarding their role in the company, responsibilities and activities to be developed. The frequency analysis indicated that factors affect at least moderately productivity in WFH modality. CONCLUSIONS: This article contributes to increasing knowledge associated with the WFH modality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The information present here can be used by academics and managers, even in a post-pandemic scenario, to debate productivity in remote work modalities.

Percepciones de personas económicamente activas obligadas a realizar trabajo remoto durante la pandemia de COVID-19 por tener una comorbilidad: estudio cualitativo / Perceptions of economically active people who had to do remote work during the COVID19 pandemic due to having a comorbidity: a qualitative study

Introducción: la probabilidad de presentar una forma grave de COVID-19 es mayor en personas con algunas condiciones preexistentes. En la Argentina, las personas con alguna de estas comorbilidades realizaron un trabajo remoto y diferenciado respecto de sus compañeros. Esta estrategia se denomina shielding y tiene resultados heterogéneos, ya que ­si bien evita las infecciones­ puede tener algún impacto en las vivencias y salud de las personas. Métodos: investigación exploratoria a través de un diseño cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: se realizaron 21 entrevistas. Se organizaron los conceptos en ejes temáticos de análisis. Como principales hallazgos se identificó que la salud general de las personas empeoró durante la pandemia a pesar de realizar trabajo diferenciado, y que durante el período explorado surgieron múltiples emergentes que incluyeron hábitos no saludables y estrategias positivas de afrontamiento. Respecto de lo laboral predominaron los sentimientos negativos. Conclusión: la implementación de shielding resulta insuficiente como única medida para la preservación de la salud de las personas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar formas graves de COVID-19. (AU)

Introduction: people with some pre-existing conditions are more likely to have a severe form of COVID-19. In Argentina, people with any of these comorbidities performed remote and differentiated work compared to their peers. This strategy is known as shielding and has heterogeneous results, since although it prevents infections it can have some impact on people's experiences and health. Methods: exploratory research through a qualitative design based on semi-structured interviews. Results: 21 interviews were conducted. The concepts were organized in thematic axes of analysis. As the main findings, we identified that the general health of the people worsened during the pandemic despite performing differentiated work, and that during the period explored, emerged both unhealthy habits and positive coping strategies. Regarding work, negative feelings predominated over positives. Conclusion: the implementation of shielding is insufficient as the only measure for the preservation of the health of people at higher risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. (AU)

Trends in remote work: A science mapping study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic made workers suddenly change their routines and several companies adopted a remote work modality. This change quickly started to be analysed in academic literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a scientific mapping on the theme "remote work" to highlight the prominent themes associated with the subject for 2020 and 2021, covering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying mainly the "motor themes", this study contributes to identify themes developed and relevant to the subjects analyzed. METHODS: An initial sample of 479 articles published in the analyzed period was listed from the Web of Science database. After analysing these articles, 186 were selected and were analyzed by Scimat software. Journals and references were also analyzed. RESULTS: The centrality and density indexes of the sub-themes "job-satisfaction" and "flexible-work" were more evidenced in the analysis, enabling the classification of these sub-themes directly as "motor themes". Regarding the density index of the sub-theme, the classification "stress" was less seen. After a careful analysis of the articles content, it was verified that this is also a "motor theme". CONCLUSIONS: Considering the three defined "motor themes", they can be considered the most developed and important sub-themes of study in this field and, therefore, need to be well understood by new researchers in the field. In addition, these findings show that the mentioned sub-themes must be focused on by managers, considering the relevance that the literature attributes to them.

Wellbeing and Work Design in Brazilian Teleworkers.

Studies suggest that work characteristics may be related to workers' wellbeing. However, little is known about how these work characteristics may influence telework wellbeing in the face of the long period of social isolation and restrictions imposed by COVID-19. This study aimed to relate work characteristics in remote work to wellbeing using a two-stage multi-method approach. The general hypothesis is that different work characteristics will be organized into different groups and related to wellbeing. In Step 1, 108 teleworkers who participated in compulsory telework conditions answered the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) and Wellbeing at Work scale. A cluster analysis was conducted in which two clusters emerged based solely on their valence. The variables that contributed most to the cluster were: feedback from the job, social support, problem-solving, and decision and execution autonomy. Cluster 1 aggregated higher scores on work characteristics, and Cluster 2, lower scores. Cluster 1 presented significantly higher scores on wellbeing. In Step 2, 27 of these workers were blindly interviewed. Five classes of words emerged from the interviews: Class 1 - wellbeing, Class 2 - work dissatisfaction lexicon, Class 3 - role clarity, Class 4 - job demands, and Class 5 - job resources, including receiving feedback, conversations, praise, and support. Chi-square analysis suggests significant differences in classes 2, 3, 4, and 5. Cluster 1 appears more frequently in the role clarity class and less frequently in the work dissatisfaction and job demands classes. Cluster 2 is more frequent in the job dissatisfaction and job demands classes, however, less frequent in the job resources class. Class 1 shows no significant difference. These results partially support the general hypothesis that different work characteristics will be organized into different clusters and related to the teleworker's wellbeing, but in the sense that it prevents suffering but does not necessarily promote wellbeing. The results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between work characteristics and wellbeing during the pandemic by using a different methodological approach, describing that work feedback, social support, skill variety, and problem-solving are the most significant in differentiating the perception of the groups. Social support and feedback from the job differentiate cluster 1 from cluster 2, but social support is not able to increase wellbeing, unless buffering unwellness.

Remote Work, Work Stress, and Work-Life during Pandemic Times: A Latin America Situation.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the relationship between work and life almost everywhere on the planet. Suddenly, remote work became the mainstream way of working for millions of workers. In this context, we explore how the relationship between remote work, work stress, and work-life developed during pandemic times in a Latin America context. In a sample of 1285 responses collected between April and May 2020, through a PLS-SEM model, we found that remote work in pandemic times increased perceived stress (ß = 0.269; p < 0.01), reduced work-life balance (ß = -0.225; p < 0.01) and work satisfaction (ß = -0.190; p < 0.01), and increased productivity (ß = 0.120; p < 0.01) and engagement (ß = 0.120; p < 0.01). We also found a partial moderating effect, competitive and complementary, of perceived stress, and one significant gender difference: when working remotely, perceived stress affects men's productivity more acutely than women's productivity.

Serviço Social e pandemia: desafios e perspectivas para a atuação no sociojurídico / Social Work and covid-19 pandemic: challenges and perspectives for action in the Socio-Legal

Resumo: O artigo discute a pandemia, na conjuntura brasileira, e suas repercussões para o trabalho do(a) assistente social no sociojurídico - Poder Judiciário, Ministério Público e Defensoria Pública. Debate os efeitos das contrarreformas na condição de trabalhador(a) do(a) assistente social e na precarização das políticas públicas. Situa o trabalho remoto, as tensões engendradas por mecanismos administrativos de contenção de custos e de ampliação do trabalho virtual e formas de resistência desenvolvidas.

Abstract: This article discusses the covid-19 pandemic, in Brazilian context, and its repercussions for the work of the social worker in Socio-Legal - Judiciary, Public Ministry and Public Defender's Office. Debate the effects of counter-reforms in the conditions of social workers and on the precariousness of public policies. It situates remote work and the tensions engendered by administrative mechanisms to contain costs and expand the forms of virtual work, and forms of resistance by professionals.

Ansiedade, afeto negativo e estresse de docentes em atividade remota durante a pandemia da Covid-19 / Anxiety, negative affect, and stress of faculty in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic / Ansiedad, afecto negativo y estrés de docentes en actividad remota durante la pandemia de Covid-19

Resumo O trabalho pedagógico remoto emergencial foi implementado em muitas escolas do Brasil durante a pandemia da Covid-19, como forma de diminuir os contatos entre indivíduos e, consequentemente, diminuir a taxa de transmissão da doença, mantendo aulas e atividades didáticas. Em muitas situações, professoras e professores realizaram atividades que descaracterizam sua identidade docente e conflitam com atividades domésticas, produzindo mal-estar e sofrimento. Em pesquisa de coorte em duas fases, o sofrimento psicológico de professores e professoras da Educação Básica foram analisados em função da quantidade de trabalho remoto, do gênero, da quantidade de trabalho doméstico e da experiência prévia. O trabalho remoto emergencial produziu efeitos na Ansiedade-estado, Afeto negativo e Estresse percebido − e essas respostas foram moderadas pela experiência prévia. Mulheres apresentaram maiores respostas que homens, um efeito mediado principalmente pela quantidade de trabalho doméstico realizada pela professora. Os participantes referenciaram principalmente dimensões laborais negativas e dimensões afetivas quando levados a pensar sobre o trabalho remoto, com menor saturação de respostas relacionadas a dimensões laborais positivas, à aprendizagem e a questões político-econômicas. Esses resultados sugerem que o trabalho remoto emergencial exacerba o estresse docente, apontando para precarização do trabalho docente e necessidade de implementação de políticas que mitiguem esses impactos.

Abstract Emergency remote pedagogical work was implemented in many schools in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, as a way to reduce contacts between individuals and, consequently, reduce the rate of disease transmission, maintaining classes and educational activities. In many situations, teachers and teachers carried out activities that mischaracterize their teaching identity and conflict with domestic activities, producing discomfort and suffering. In a two-phase cohort study, the psychological suffering of Basic Education teachers were analyzed as a function of the amount of remote work, gender, the amount of housework and previous experience. Emergency remote work had effects on State Anxiety, Negative Affect and Perceived Stress − and these responses were moderated by previous experience. Women had higher responses than men, an effect mediated mainly by the amount of housework performed by the teacher. Participants mainly referred to negative work dimensions and affective dimensions when led to think about remote work, with less saturation of answers related to positive work dimensions, learning and political-economic issues. These results suggest that emergency remote work exacerbates teacher stress, pointing to the precariousness of teaching work and the need to implement policies that mitigate these impacts.

Resumen El trabajo pedagógico remoto de emergencia se implementó en muchas escuelas de Brasil durante la pandemia Covid-19, como una forma de reducir los contactos entre las personas y, en consecuencia, disminuir la tasa de transmisión de la enfermedad, manteniendo las clases y actividades educativas. En muchas situaciones, profesoras y profesores realizaron actividades que distorsionan su identidad docente y entran en conflicto con las actividades domésticas, produciendo malestar y sufrimiento. En un estudio de cohorte de dos fases, se analizó el sufrimiento psicológico de los docentes de Educación Básica en función de la cantidad de trabajo remoto, de género, de la cantidad de tareas domésticas y de la experiencia previa. El trabajo remoto de emergencia tuvo efectos sobre la Ansiedad-estado, el Afecto negativo y el Estrés percibido - y estas respuestas fueron moderadas por la experiencia previa. Las mujeres tuvieron respuestas más altas que los hombres, efecto mediado principalmente por la cantidad de tareas domésticas realizadas por las profesoras. Los participantes se refirieron principalmente a las dimensiones negativas del trabajo y las dimensiones afectivas cuando se les indujo a pensar en el trabajo remoto, con una menor saturación de respuestas relacionadas con las dimensiones positivas del trabajo, el aprendizaje y las cuestiones político-económicas. Estos resultados sugieren que el trabajo remoto de emergencia agrava el estrés docente, apuntando a la precariedad del trabajo docente y la necesidad de implementar políticas que mitiguen estos impactos.

O trabalho mudou-se para casa: trabalho remoto no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 / Work has moved home: remote work in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo: discutir os elementos vivenciados pelos(as) trabalhadores(as) com a ampla implementação de atividades laborais remotas, realizadas em casa, com auxílio das tecnologias de informação-comunicação, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: com base em dados oficiais e revisão de literatura, discutem-se características do trabalho remoto (TR) e suas potenciais repercussões, enfatizando-se questões de gênero. Resultados: medidas de controle e prevenção contra a COVID-19, sobretudo o distanciamento social, mudaram o cotidiano social e familiar. Uma parcela de trabalhadores(as) manteve suas atividades laborais em casa. O TR foi imposto sem as condições estruturais e de treinamento necessárias e intensificou os efeitos do trabalho sem limites temporais definidos. Em casa, novas demandas surgiram (acompanhamento escolar e aumento de demandas por higienização e limpeza). Discussão: com a perda de fronteiras, o mundo privado torna-se público, a casa é incorporada ao mundo do trabalho. Novas questões emergem. Quais demandas surgem nesse novo arranjo produtivo-reprodutivo? Quais alterações se produzem nas atividades domésticas e de cuidados da família? Essas questões tendem a perdurar, mesmo passada a situação crítica da pandemia. Parte desse modo de operar os processos de trabalho permanecerá, e a vida em sociedade será modulada por essas transformações. Esses desafios deverão mobilizar atenção e intervenção.

Abstract Objective: to discuss the workers' experiences with the wide implementation of remote work activities, carried out at home, using information-communication technologies, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: based on official data and literature review, we discussed the characteristics of remote work (RW) and its potential repercussions, emphasizing gender issues. Results: control and prevention measures against COVID-19, especially social distance, changed social and family life. Part of the workers kept engaged in their work activities at home. RW was imposed even without the necessary structure and training conditions, intensifying the effects of the working hours without defined limits. At home, new demands were put forward (educational support for children and increased housework). Discussion: by losing its borders, the private world becomes public; the household is incorporated into the world of work. New questions emerge. What demands rise from this new productive-reproductive arrangement? What changes take place in household and family care activities? These issues tend to persist, even after the critical situation of the pandemic. Part of this way of operating work processes will remain and life in society will be shaped by these changes. These challenges should demand attention and interventions.