States' racial resentment correlates with administrative distancing and lower rates of health plan selection in affordable care act marketplaces: a cross sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) pursued equity in healthcare access and treatment, but ACA implementation varied, especially limiting African Americans' gains. Marketplaces for subsidized purchase of coverage were sometimes implemented with limited outreach and enrollment assistance efforts. Reflecting state's ACA receptivity or reluctance, state's implementation may rest on sociopolitical stances and racial sentiments. Some states were unwilling to provide publicly supported healthcare to nonelderly, non-disabled adults- "the undeserving poor" -who evoke anti-black stereotypes. The present study assessed whether some states shunned Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces and implemented them less vigorously than other states, leading to fewer eligible persons selecting insurance plans. It assessed if states' actions were motivated by racial resentment, because states connote marketplaces to be government assistance for unworthy African Americans. METHODS: Using marketplace and plan selection data from 2015, we rated states' marketplace structures along a four-level continuum indicating greater acceptance of marketplaces, ranging from states assuming sole responsibility to minimal responsibility. Using national data from a four-question modern racism scale, state-wide racial resentment estimates were estimated at the state level. Analysis assessed associations between state levels of racial resentment with states' marketplace structure. Further analysis assessed relationships between both state levels of racial resentment and states' marketplace structure with states' consumer plan selection rates-representing the proportion of persons eligible to enroll in insurance plans who selected a plan. RESULTS: Racial resentment was greater in states with less responsibility for the administration of the marketplaces than actively participating states. States higher in racial resentment also showed lower rates of plan selection, pointing to less commitment to implementing marketplace provisions and fulfilling the ACA's coverage-improvement mission. Differences persisted after controlling for differences in conservatism, uninsurance, poor health, and rejection of Medicaid expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Resentment of African Americans' purported irresponsibility and entitlement to government assistance may interfere with states structuring and operating marketplaces to maximize health insurance opportunities for everyone available under the ACA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: N/A.

Coping with Transgressions by the Romantic Partner: An Inventory Validation and its Correlation with Forgiveness / Afrontamiento ante las Transgresiones de la Pareja: Validación de un Inventario y su Relación con el Perdón

Abstract Almost every person has to deal with transgressions committed by a romantic partner and faces their negative psychological outcomes, and coping strategies might be key to understanding post-transgression dynamics and forgiveness. We tested the construct validity of the Inventory of Strategies for Coping with a Partner's Transgression which include the emotion (E-FCS), problem (P-FCS), and meaning-focused coping strategies (M-FCS) scales. Results replicated the factor structure of each of the three scales through confirmatory factor analysis techniques, tested its reliability with the McDonald's omega coefficient, and then correlated the scales with forgiveness and resentment, strengthening its construct validity. In general, the validity and reliability of scales were confirmed. Emotion-focused strategies showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, while problem and meaning-focused strategies had a positive correlation. These findings were discussed in the context of theory and their practical implications.

Resumen Las personas tienden a lidiar con transgresiones cometidas por su pareja y enfrentar sus consecuencias psicológicas aversivas, por lo que las estrategias de afrontamiento pueden ser clave para la dinámica post-transgresión, y el perdón. Validamos tres escalas para medir estrategias de afrontamiento ante las transgresiones cometidas por la pareja: Estrategias enfocadas en la emoción (E-FCS), el problema (P-FCS) y el sentido (M-FCS). Los resultados muestran que las estructuras factoriales se replicaron en mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios, se puso a prueba su confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega de McDonald, y finalmente se correlacionaron con el perdón y resentimiento, fortaleciendo su validez de constructo. En general los resultados muestran evidencia de validez de constructo y confiabilidad, en general los factores de la E-FCS se correlacionaron negativamente con al perdón, mientras que de P-FCS Y M-FSC lo hicieron positivamente. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de la teoría, y sus implicaciones prácticas.

Moral intuitions and attitudes towards affirmative action in college admissions.

Affirmative action has long been a contentious issue in the United States. Using data from a 2021 national YouGov sample of 1125 U.S. adults, we are the first to examine the effect of moral intuitions on people's support for affirmative action in college admissions. We find that those with strong individualizing moral intuitions-a heightened general concern with avoiding harm and mistreatment of people-are more likely to support affirmative action. We find that its effect is mediated in large part by beliefs in the extent of systemic racism, as those with strong individualizing moral intuitions are more likely to also believe that systemic racism is pervasive, and also partly by low levels of racial resentment. Conversely, those with strong binding moral intuitions-a heightened concern with the cohesion of social groups-are less likely to support affirmative action. This effect is also mediated by belief in the extent of systemic racism and racial resentment, as those with strong binding moral intuitions are more likely to believe both that the system is fair and have higher levels of racial resentment. Our study suggests that future work should consider the role of moral intuitions in shaping people's views of contentious social policies.

The resentful undergrowth of nostalgia: Ontological insecurity, relative deprivation and powerlessness.

This article untangles competing conceptualisations of nostalgia and identifies a specific form of collective-restorative nostalgia as politically significant. We argue that the link between resentment and this type of nostalgia emerges from their joint critique of the socio-political realities of the present. Nostalgia provides spatial and temporal orientations for a group's experiences of resentment through highly selective recollections of the heartland and an idealised golden age. We hypothesize that nostalgia leverages the heartland and the golden age to formulate claims for recognition and restored status on behalf of those who feel left behind by late modernity. Next, the article uses structural equation modelling and the 2019 Belgian National Election Study to reveal how resentment (consisting of ontological insecurity, group relative deprivation, and powerlessness) mediates between structural characteristics and nostalgia. Our findings suggest that each component of resentment individually contributes to explaining the nostalgia of less educated and economically deprived individuals.

The Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS): A Multidimensional Item Response Theory Analysis in Italian Workers.

Gratitude is a promising resource from a healthy organizational perspective. It is related to many positive outcomes at work. The Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) is the most widely used self-report questionnaire to detect gratitude. The present study examined GRAT-RS (the Italian version) by implementing multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) analyses to explore its psychometric properties. The participants were 537 Italian workers. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the GRAT-RS and MIRT analyses using the Grade Response Model were run. The MIRT discrimination and MIRT difficulty parameters were calculated. A test information function (TIF) and measure of reliability associated with (TIF) scores were also implemented. CFA highlighted that a bifactor model showed the best fit. Hence, MIRT analyses were carried out by implementing a bifactor model. The MIRT bifactor structure showed a good data fit with discrimination parameters ranging from good to excellent and adequate reliability. The good psychometric properties of GRAT-RS were confirmed, highlighting the questionnaire as a reliable tool to measure gratitude in Italian workers.

Rol del resentimiento en la reconciliación social: víctimas movilizadas en Colombia (2021) / Role of resentment in social reconciliation: Mobilisation of victims in Colombia (2021)

Resumen Introducción: diez años después de la implementación de la Ley 1448 de 2011 para la reparación integral de las víctimas en Colombia desarrollamos una investigación cuantitativa no experimental para explorar la interacción entre sentimientos hacia la reconciliación (coexistencia y reconstrucción de la confianza) y resentimiento duradero en víctimas del conflicto movilizadas colectivamente en escenarios de justicia transicional. Método: utilizamos datos de dos muestras de participantes de los departamentos de Caldas (N = 342) y Atlántico (N = 305). Resultados: confirmamos las escalas sobre sentimientos hacia la reconciliación y resentimiento duradero, cuya fiabilidad fue analizada mediante los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis de ecuación estructural y confirmamos las siguientes hipótesis: (1) las víctimas experimentan más sentimientos de coexistencia que sentimientos para la reconstrucción de confianza, y (2) el resentimiento duradero es un obstáculo para desarrollar sentimientos de reconciliación. Conclusiones: los participantes experimentan más sentimientos de coexistencia y confianza que resentimiento duradero; y la coexistencia permite canalizar el resentimiento duradero. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones considerables en el desarrollo de sentimientos hacia la reconciliación en escenarios de justicia transicional.

Abstract Introduction: Ten years after the implementation of Law 1448 of 2011 for the comprehensive reparation of victims in Colombia, we developed non-experimental quantitative research to explore the interaction between feelings towards reconciliation (coexistence and reconstruction of trust) and the lasting resentment in victims of the conflict mobilized collectively in transitional justice scenarios. Method: We used data from two samples of participants from the departments of Caldas (N = 342) and Atlántico (N = 305). Results: We confirmed the scales on feelings toward reconciliation and lasting resentment, whose reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficients. Subsequently, we performed a structural equation analysis and confirmed the following hypotheses: (1) victims experience more feelings of co-existence than feelings for rebuilding trust, and (2) Lasting resentment is an obstacle to developing feelings towards reconciliation. Conclusions: We highlight that participants experience more feelings of coexistence and trust than they do lasting resentment; and that coexistence allows for the channeling of lasting resentment. These findings have considerable implications for the development of feelings towards reconciliation in transitional justice settings.

Gratitude in Organizations: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) in Workers.

In a healthy organization's framework and strength-based prevention perspectives, gratitude represents an important resource. Gratitude is a worthy construct able to promote the well-being of both workers and organizations. Gratitude is also an interesting variable in relation to success, efficiency and productivity in organizations that can be increased through specific training. Gratitude is, therefore, considered a promising resource for both individuals and organizations. This study aims at analyzing the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS). Participants were 359 Italian workers from different public and private organizations. Factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a multidimensional bifactor structure. Good internal consistency and concurrent validity were established. Results indicated that the Italian version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) is a valid instrument to detect gratitude in the Italian context with workers.

Racial resentment and support for decriminalization of drug possession in the United States.

Drug criminalization creates significant barriers to prevention and treatment of substance use disorders and racial equity objectives, and removal of criminal penalties for drug possession is increasingly being endorsed by health and justice advocates. We present empirical data estimating the share of U.S. adults who support eliminating criminal penalties for possession of all illicit drugs, and examine factors associated with public support. Data from the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Civic Life and Public Health Survey, a probability-based nationally representative sample of 1222 U.S. adults, was collected from November 11-30, 2020. Support for decriminalizing drug possession was assessed overall and by sociodemographic factors and attitudes towards politics and race. Correlates of support were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Thirty-five percent of adults supported eliminating criminal penalties for drug possession in the U.S. In adjusted regression models, respondents who were younger or identified as politically liberal were more likely to support decriminalization relative to other groups, and respondents who were Hispanic or identified strongly with their religious beliefs were less likely to support decriminalization. Among white respondents, greater racial resentment was strongly associated with reduced support for drug decriminalization. Support for drug decriminalization varies considerably by beliefs about politics and race, with racial resentment among white Americans potentially comprising a barrier to drug policy reform. Findings can inform communication and advocacy efforts to promote drug policy reform in the United States.

Development and Validation of a Brief Scale of Vengeful Tendencies (BSVT-11) in a Mexican Sample.

The development and analysis of psychometric properties of a brief scale that assesses vengeful tendencies (BSVT-11) is presented. A three-dimensional model is proposed: (1) resentment, (2) planning of revenge, and (3) justification of revenge. Two studies were conducted for this purpose: one was carried out with a sample of 478 participants, to evaluate the content validity, factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the instrument; the other was conducted with a sample of 308 participants, to determine the concurrent validity of the BSVT-11. The data indicated adequate reliability (ω = 0.877), optimal fit (CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0) according to the dimensions proposed, and invariance between genders (p = 0.893). Concurrent validity data yield significant correlation values (p < 0.001) ranging from 0.522 to 0.804 in the analyses between the BSVT and other scales. The results allow us to present a brief instrument with good psychometric properties with possibilities for use in basic and translational science.

Some fear, more loathing? Threats and anxieties shaping protective gun ownership and gun carry in the U.S.

Given notable recent spikes in gun purchases in the U.S., we revisit the 'fear and loathing' hypothesis of firearm demand by (1) establishing how crime/victimization fears are shaped by broader economic, cultural, and racial status anxieties (those emerging from group status threats [loathing]) and (2) illustrating how both fear and loathing matter for protective gun ownership and gun carry (among owners), and openness to future protective ownership among non-owners. Using data from a nationwide survey of adults in the U.S. (n = 2,262) collected in 2019, we find that fears of crime and victimization are often more strongly associated with status anxieties than with safety threats. Both status anxieties and victimization are associated with protective ownership and carry. Among non-owners, those higher in cultural anxiety are especially likely to be open toward future protective gun ownership. This study illustrates the multidimensional fear-guns link, wherein both status-related threats and victimization-related fears shape why individuals own guns, and how they use guns.

Development and validation of perceived sexual resentment scale for women (PSRS-W).

OBJECTIVE: To develop a valid and reliable scale to asses perceived sexual resentment among married women. METHODS: The cross-sectional validation study was conducted from September 2018 to July 2019 at the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, and had three phases. Phase I comprised initial generation/selection of items regarding sexual resentment among married women. Phase II comprised pilot testing of the perceived sexual resentment scale for women items before applying the scale on the actual sample. Phase III determined convergent validity by estimating correlation of the newly developed scale with the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationship Scale, and its divergent validity by finding correlation with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: The pilot study, done on 20 married women, established the internal consistency of the newly developed scale (α=0.82). Overall, three factors emerged following factor analysis. The scale had 29 items and reliability analysis of the entire scale indicated adequate internal consistency (α=0.93). The convergent validity of the scale and the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationship Scale was positive (p<0.001), and the correlation with the Satisfaction with Life Scale was negative (p<0.01), indicating that the newly-developed instrument had a good convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The Perceived Sexual Resentment Scale for Women was found to be a precise and concise 29-item self-reporting tool developed to assess sexual dislikes and displeasures among married women.

O sujeito do autor: o que aparece quando eu escrevo e desapareço? / The subject of the author: what appers whem I write and disapear? / El sujeto del autor: ¿Lo qué aparece cuando yo escribo y desaparezco/

O artigo parte da problematização da noção de sujeito no exercício da escrita para fazer uma crítica ao sujeito da modernidade. Reflete sobre a emergência desse sujeito moderno nas filosofias de René Descartes, Immanuel Kant e na psicanálise de Sigmund Freud, em suas articulações com os mecanismos disciplinares e biopolíticos, demonstrando a emergência de um triplo enlace entre autoria, culpa e propriedade. Ressalta a articulação na modernidade de duas tecnologias de produção do sujeito: a culpa e o alterocídio, duas faces do ressentimento as quais são apresentadas por Friedrich Nietzsche e Achille Mbembe. Por fim, desde a perspectiva dos modos de subjetivação, busca-se traçar algumas linhas de uma autoria no avesso do ressentimento moderno-colonial: uma autoinvenção coletiva (AU).

The article starts from the problematization of the notion of subject in the exercise of writing to criticize the subject of modernity. Reflects on the emergence of this modern subject in the philosophies of René Descartes, Immanuel Kant and Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, in its articulations with disciplinary and biopolitical mechanisms, demonstrating the emergence of a triple link between authorship, guilt and property. It emphasizes the articulation in modernity of two subject production technologies: guilt and alterocide, two faces of resentment presented by Friedrich Nietzsche and Achille Mbembe. Finally, from the perspective of the modes of subjectivation, we seek to trace some lines of authorship on the reverse side of modern-colonial resentment: a collective self-invention (AU)

El artículo parte de la problematización de la noción de sujeto en el ejercicio de la escritura para criticar el sujeto de la modernidad. Reflexiona sobre el surgimiento de este sujeto moderno en las filosofías de René Descartes, Immanuel Kant y en el psicoanálisis de Sigmund Freud, en sus articulaciones con mecanismos disciplinarios y biopolíticos, haciendo visible el surgimiento de un triple vínculo entre autoría, culpa y propiedad. Destaca la articulación en la modernidad de dos tecnologías para la producción del sujeto: la culpa y el alterocidio, dos caras del resentimiento presentadas por Friedrich Nietzsche y Achille Mbembe. Finalmente, desde la perspectiva de los modos de subjetivación, buscamos trazar algunas líneas de autoría en el reverso del resentimiento colonial moderno: una autoinvención colectiva (AU).

Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention.

The purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health. We review the interventions that have been offered for those without homes and the imprisoned to examine which existing programmes address such anger. Forgiveness Therapy, although untried in these two settings, may be one beneficial approach for substantially reducing unhealthy anger. Forgiveness interventions have shown a cause-and-effect relationship between learning to forgive and overcoming psychological compromise such as strong resentment and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. The literature review here suggests that forgiveness therapy for those without homes and the imprisoned may be a new and important consideration for ameliorating anger and aiding in a changed life pattern.

Ressentimento e os sofrimentos identitários de um jovem xiita / The resentment and Identity Suffering of a Shiite Youth under the bombings in southern Lebanon committed by Israel in 2006 / Resentimiento y los sufrimientos identitarios de un joven chiita / Le ressentiment et la souffrance identitaire d'un jeune chiite sous les bombardements perpétrés par Israël en 2006 dans le sud du Liban

O artigo procura exemplificar o grau de traumatismo sofrido por um jovem nos bombardeios cometidos por Israel em 2006, no sul do Líbano, contra a comunidade xiita. O registro faz parte de 20 histórias de vida colhidas em pesquisas de campo realizadas em cidades afetadas, e pretende-se que exemplifique os efeitos desses eventos na comunidade. Depois de décadas, os integrantes do grupo etno-confessional participam de uma conjuntura nacional de enfrentamentos mortíferos entre suas comunidades. Do outro lado da fronteira, Israel volta a atacá-los. Esse contexto, que os situa em duas frentes de perigo, torna constantes os eventos catastróficos em sua história recente. São analisadas as disposições psíquicas do jovem e o papel da identificação grupal no enfrentamento das situações catastróficas. Será sublinhada a produção do ódio a partir do traumatismo sofrido, para analisar, na conclusão, seu papel na resiliência psíquica e na dinâmica identitária.

The article seeks to exemplify the degree of trauma suffered by a young man in the bombing of the Shiite community committed by Israel in southern Lebanon in 2006. This record is part of twenty life histories collected from field surveys conducted in affected cities, and it is intended to exemplify the effects of these events in the community. The ethno-confessional group participates in a national conjuncture of deadly clashes between their communities, after decades. Across the border, Israel attacks them again. This context that places them in danger, make catastrophic events constant in their recent history. The psychic conditions of the young person and the role of the group identification in the confrontation with the catastrophic situations are analyzed. The surge of hatred from trauma will be highlighted, in order to analyze in conclusion, its role in psychic resilience and in their identity dynamics.

El articulo trata de ejemplificar el grado de traumatismo sufrido por un joven en los bombardeos contra la comunidad chií cometidos por Israel en el sur del Líbano en 2006. Este registro forma parte de veinte historias de vida recogidas a partir de investigaciones de campo realizadas en ciudades afectadas, y se pretende que ejemplifique los efectos de estos eventos en la comunidad. El grupo etno confesional participa después de décadas de una coyuntura nacional de enfrentamientos mortíferos entre sus comunidades. Al otro lado de la frontera, Israel vuelve a atacarlos nuevamente. Este contexto que los sitúa en dos frentes de peligro, vuelve constantes los acontecimientos catastróficos en su historia reciente. Se analizan las disposiciones psíquicas del joven y el papel de la identificación grupal en el enfrentamiento con las situaciones catastróficas. Se subrayará la producción del odio a partir del traumatismo sufrido, para analizar en la conclusión su papel en la resiliencia psíquica y en su dinámica identitaria.

L'article cherche à illustrer le degré de traumatisme subi par un jeune homme lors des bombardements contre la communauté chiite commis par Israël dans le sud du Liban en 2006. Ce registre fait partie de vingt histoires de vie recueillies lors de recherches sur le terrain, menées dans les villes touchées, dans le but d'expliquer les effets de ces événements sur la communauté. Depuis des décennies, les membres du groupe ethno-confessionnel participent d'une conjoncture nationale d'affrontements meurtriers entre leurs communautés. De l'autre côté de la frontière, Israël les attaque à nouveau. Ce contexte qui les place sur deux fronts de danger rend constants les événements catastrophiques dans leur histoire récente. On analyse les dispositions psychiques du jeune et le rôle de l'identification du groupe dans la défense contre les situations catastrophiques. Ce sera souligné la production de la haine à partir du traumatisme subi, pour analyser, dans la conclusion, son rôle dans la résilience psychique et dans sa dynamique identitaire.

Shame and ("managed") resentment: Emotion and entitlement among Israeli mothers living in poverty.

Of the range of negative emotional states, shame is commonly found to characterize experiences of people living in poverty. However, relatively little attention has been directed toward exploring other emotions that accompany the shame. Not exploring other emotions, the possibility that working-class mothers go through a struggling emotional experience in relation to their experiences of how authorities validate their belonging, is left out of scope. Exploring the notion of resentment creates a conceptual space for considering this possibility, as it flags the importance of belonging and entitlement for mothers living in poverty. I analyze these issues here, by applying "translocational positionality" which stresses how people take up positions relating to experiences of (non-) belonging and entitlement which are informed by struggles over inclusion and resources. As such, it stresses the links between struggles of belonging and struggles for securing access to resources. It affords the opportunity to identify the emotional/affectual dimension of struggles that would otherwise be implicit at best. A Resentment focused analysis of structured interviews conducted with 90 mothers, from seven ethno-national categories, living in poverty in Israel enabled me to analyze issues of belonging and entitlement as part of a continuous struggle for resources, pitched against welfare practices which ostensibly support mothers and families in need, but in fact apply means-tested and other exclusionary principles to leave mothers without the assistance that would protect them from shame.

Arab Threat and Social Control: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Ethnic Attitudes and Punitiveness Among Israeli Jews.

Numerous studies in the United States, as well as a smaller number of studies in other Westernized countries, have linked racial and ethnic attitudes to support for more punitive forms of crime control. The current study explores this relationship in Israel by assessing whether the degree to which Israeli Jews typify crime as an Israeli Arab phenomenon and/or resent Israeli Arabs is related to support for punitive criminal justice policies. The findings suggest that ethnic typification and resentment are related to general punitive attitudes, whereas ethnic apathy and resentment are related to greater support for the death penalty. Also, the relationship between ethnic typification and punitiveness is stronger among those who are less resentful.

Development of the Collectivist-Sensitive Trait Forgivingness Scale.

Mounting evidence suggests that experiences of forgiveness vary across cultures. However, culturally sensitive conceptualizations of forgiveness lack empirical support, in part because psychometrically sound instruments designed to capture unique aspects of forgiveness in non-Western cultures are rare. For this reason, we developed the Collectivist-Sensitive Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS-CS), which is designed to measure trait forgivingness within societies characterized by a blend of individualistic and collectivistic worldviews. In Study 1 (N = 597), exploratory factor analysis revealed a 16-item three-factor structure of third-party forgiveness, collectivistic forgiveness, and interpersonal resentment among South Africans. In Study 2 (N = 897), the three-factor model replicated in an independent South African sample. Findings also offered preliminary evidence supporting the construct validity of the TFS-CS. Overall, these studies support a conceptualization of trait forgivingness with similarities and differences relative to Western models and highlight the importance of appreciating the influence of culture when measuring forgiveness.

Political cognition helps explain social class divides: Two dimensions of candidate impressions, group stereotypes, and meritocracy beliefs.

Political cognitions-particularly impressions and stereotypes along two fundamental dimensions of social evaluations-play some role in explaining social class divides and accompanying resentments. First, the Big Two dimensions (warmth/communion and competence/agency) describe candidate perception, person perception, and group stereotypes. In particular, the stereotype content model and related perspectives show social-class stereotypes depicting elites as competent but cold and lower-income groups as incompetent but warm. This trade-off justifies the system as meritocractic, because elites' stereotypic competence supports their status based on deservingness. Nevertheless, varied evidence (from social psychology, political science, and sociology) indicates common beliefs that support cross-class resentments: In particular, many citizens express political resentment both downward (toward cheats) and upward (toward elites). In this context, backlash against the system results. Anticipated by systematic theories, these political cognitions (impressions, stereotypes, beliefs) help explain the populist and nativist resentments in current political discourse; all support polarized, dysfunctional politics.

História de uma análise interrompida / Story of an interrupted psychoanalysis / Historia de un análisis interrumpido / Histoire d'une psychothérapie interrompue

A brusca interrupção de um processo analítico remete o autor a uma reflexão, em que constata indícios de hostilidade surgidos no vínculo com o paciente, ressaltando-se a importância do binômio inveja-gratidão. O analista correlaciona aspectos de inveja e ressentimento, experimentados pelo analisando, com o comprometimento da capacidade de sonhar a dois e o prejuízo para a evolução do trabalho. Aborda ainda a teorização sobre a função desobjetalizante como elemento essencial para uma compreensão atual do conceito de pulsão de morte.

The sudden interruption of a psychoanalytic process leads the author to this written reflection. He notices evidences of hostility which has arisen from his relationship with the patient. The author highlights the importance of the envy- gratitude binomial. He relates the feelings of envy and resentment the patient experiences to the hindering of their abitlity to “dream together”, and therefore, the hindering of the analytic work and its progress. The author deals with the theory of the disobjectalizing function as a vital element to today's comprehension of the concept of death drive.

La interrupción brusca de un análisis remite al autor a una reflexión en la que constata indicios de hostilidad surgidos en el vínculo, señalando la importancia del binomio envidia-gratitud. El analista correlaciona aspectos de envidia y resentimiento, experimentados por el paciente, que compromete la capacidad de “soñar a dos” y el perjuicio para la evolución del trabajo. Aborda también la teorización sobre la función desobjetalizante como elemento esencial para una comprensión actual del concepto de pulsión de muerte.

La brusque interruption d'un processus analytique mène l'auteur à une réflexion où il constate des indices d'hostilité surgis dans le lien établi avec le patient, en soulignant l'importance du binôme envie-gratitude. L'analyste met en corrélation des aspects d'envie et de ressentiment éprouvés par l'analysant avec l'endommagement de la capacité de « rêver à deux ¼ et la détérioration du travail. Il aborde encore la théorisation concernant la fonction désobjectalisante en tant qu'un élément essentiel pour une compréhension actuel du concept de la pulsion de mort.

[Radicalisation and geopolitics, the pathways to violence]. / Radicalisation et géopolitique, les chemins de la violence.

Although the reasons for radicalisation appear diverse, the overwhelming majority of radicalised individuals and announcements claiming responsibility for terrorist attacks make reference to the same cause: western military interventions in Muslim countries. This raises the question of the link between radicalisation and geopolitics and the need to identify the motivations and the pathway between radicalisation and violent actions.