Stability of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Rosehip Juice (Rosa spp.).

Rosehip fruits, characterized by their high concentrations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (AA), have been traditionally used to make jams, infusions, and juices. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the stability of rosehip juice by determining the concentrations of bioactive compounds and total phenols and the AA using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The stability of the juice was evaluated with three treatments and different storage conditions, namely, unpasteurized-refrigerated, pasteurized-room temperature, and pasteurized-refrigerated, and measurements were taken for eight months. Individual and total phenolic compounds, evaluated by chromatographic methods, reported differences until the end of this study. The total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu method presented an average decrease of 57% in the three treatments in relation to the initial conditions. On the other hand, the ascorbic acid content decreased considerably, disappearing at week six. Furthermore, for the unpasteurized-refrigerated and pasteurized-refrigerated samples, a correlation was found between flavonols, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity determined by the TEAC method. For the pasteurized-room temperature samples, correlations were found between the levels of several flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acid, total phenols, and ascorbic acid and the antioxidant activity determined by the CUPRAC method. The stability of the compounds was mainly correlated with the storage conditions of the juice and not with pasteurization. The highest stability was observed for the unpasteurized-refrigerated and pasteurized-refrigerated samples. Although the concentrations of the compounds evaluated decreased during this study, significant levels of AA persisted, providing beneficial characteristics for consumer health.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Fruit of Rosehip (Rosa canina L. and Rosa rubiginosa L.).

Rosehips (Rosa spp., Rosaceae) are wild rose bushes with more than 100 species. Its fruits vary in colour and size, depending on the species, and are recognised for their nutritional characteristics. Ten samples of Rosa canina L. and Rosa rubiginosa L. fruits were collected at different geographical points from Southern Chile. Nutrients such as crude protein and minerals and functional properties such as phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and also antioxidant activities were evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The results revealed a high content of bioactive compounds, primarily ascorbic acid (6.0 to 8.2 mg g-1 fresh weight (FW)), flavonols (427.9 ± 0.4 µg g-1 FW) and antioxidant activity. We established a relationship between the antioxidant activity using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl radical (DPPH) methods and the concentration of uncoloured compounds, such as flavonols and catechin. This antioxidant activity was primarily associated with the samples from Gorbea, Lonquimay, Loncoche, and Villarrica localities, and all of them were of the species Rosa rubiginosa L. The results here obtained represent novel information of rosehip fruits. In this sense, the reported information about compounds and antioxidant activities in rosehip fruits allowed us to continue new lines of research in relation to the potential formulation of new functional foods and also in the treatment and/or prevention of some diseases.

Nanoemulsion Containing Kojic Dipalmitate and Rosehip Oil: A Promising Formulation to Treat Melasma.

Melasma is a hard-to-treat hyperpigmentation disorder. Combined incorporation of kojic dipalmitate (KDP), the esterified form of kojic acid, and rosehip oil, an oil with antioxidant and skin-regenerating properties, into nanocarrier systems appears to be a suitable strategy to develop high-performance formulations. A high-energy method (Ultra-Turrax®) was used to develop nanoemulsions containing up to 2 mg/mL KDP, 5% rosehip oil, and 7.5% surfactant. Formulations were characterized regarding droplet size, size distribution, pH, density, morphology, KDP content, incorporation efficiency, and stability under different temperature conditions. A scale-up study was conducted. Skin permeation, antioxidant potential, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were assessed in vitro. Cell viability studies were also performed. Results showed that nanoemulsions containing 1 and 2 mg/mL KDP had incorporation efficiencies greater than 95%, droplet size smaller than 130 nm, suitable size distribution, zeta potential of approximately -10 mV, and good stability over 30 days of refrigerated storage. The nanoemulsion containing 1 mg/mL KDP was chosen for further evaluation because it had lower nanocrystal formation, greater scale-up feasibility and allowed KDP permeation up to the epidermis similarly than observed for 2 mg/mL KDP. This formulation (1 mg/mL KDP) showed antioxidant and depigmenting efficacy, close to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid. No cytotoxicity was observed in formulations concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 1%.

Some Hematological and Non-Specific Immune Responses of Rosehip (Rosa canina) - Fed Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) to Mycobacterium salmoniphilum

ABSTRACT In the study, the immunostimulant effects of rosehip (Rosa canina) on the health indicator hematological and non-specific immune parameters of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum-infected sturgeon were investigated. The rosehip was applied in the ratios of R5 (5%), R10 (10%), and R15 (15%) in three repetitions. After a 35-day feeding period, the fish were infected with M. salmoniphilum and analyzed after day 7, when symptoms were observed at elevated levels. Erythrocyte, erythrocyte indices, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte levels and the non-specific immune parameters including lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, cytokines, phagocytic activity levels were comparatively examined using positive and negative control groups. The evaluations revealed that the RBC, Hb, Hct and WBC counts in the R15 group were significantly higher than those of the C+ group. Moreover, depending on the level of the immune response of the fish, among the immune parameters, significant increases in the lymphocyte, monocyte, cytokine, and phagocytic activity levels were observed in the R15 group. The results showed that the hematological and immune response to M. salmoniphilum infection was stimulated significantly in the 15% rosehip-fed fish. Hence, the effective dose of rosehip in fish was determined to be 15% and rosehip is suggested as an alternative to currently recommended immunostimulants.

Nanoencapsulation of Rose-Hip Oil Prevents Oil Oxidation and Allows Obtainment of Gel and Film Topical Formulations.

The rose-hip oil holds skin regenerating properties with applications in the dermatological and cosmetic area. Its nanoencapsulation might favor the oil stability and its incorporation into hydrophilic formulations, besides increasing the contact with the skin and prolonging its effect. The aim of the present investigation was to develop suitable rose-hip-oil-loaded nanocapsules, to verify the nanocapsule effect on the UV-induced oxidation of the oil and to obtain topical formulations by the incorporation of the nanocapsules into chitosan gel and film. The rose-hip oil (500 or 600 µL), polymer (Eudragit RS100®, 100 or 200 mg), and acetone (50 or 100 mL) contents were separately varied aiming to obtain an adequate size distribution. The results led to a combination of the factors acetone and oil. The developed formulation showed average diameter of 158 ± 6 nm with low polydispersity, pH of 5.8 ± 0.9, zeta potential of +9.8 ± 1.5 mV, rose-hip oil content of 54 ± 1 µL/mL and tendency to reversible creaming. No differences were observed in the nanocapsules properties after storage. The nanoencapsulation of rose-hip oil decreased the UVA and UVC oxidation of the oil. The chitosan gel and film containing rose-hip-oil-loaded nanocapsules showed suitable properties for cutaneous use. In conclusion, it was possible to successfully obtain rose-hip-oil-loaded nanocapsules and to confirm the nanocapsules effect in protecting the oil from the UV rays. The chitosan gel and film were considered interesting alternatives for incorporating the nanoencapsulated rose-hip oil, combining the advantages of the nanoparticles to the advantages of chitosan.

Composición química de semillas de chía, linaza y rosa mosqueta y su aporte en ácidos grasos omega-3 / Chemical composition of chia seed, flaxseed and rosehip and its contribution in fatty acids omega-3

The aim of this study was to characterize oilseeds: chia (Salvia hispánica), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and rosehip (Rosa rubiginosa), according to its chemical composition and oil analysis. Fatty acid composition, content of tocols and oxidative stability was determined in the oil from these seeds. The chemical composition was characterized by a high content of fat in chia and flaxseed, high content of protein in chia and flaxseed, and high content of dietary fiber in rosehip. The fatty acid composition consisted mostly of polyunsaturated: linolenic in chia and flax-seed, linoleic in rosehip. Tocols content and oxidative stability were higher in rosehip compared to the other oils. The results show that the oils studied could be used as potential sources of functional ingredients like omega-3 fatty acids.

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar semillas de oleaginosas: chía (Salvia hispanica), linaza (Linum usitatis-simum) y rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa), de acuerdo a la composición química y análisis de sus aceites. Se realizó el análisis químico proximal de las semillas. En los aceites de estas materias primas se determinó la composición en ácidos grasos, contenido de tocoles y estabilidad oxidativa. La composición química se caracterizó por un alto contenido de grasa en chía y linaza, proteína en chía y linaza y fibra dietética en rosa mosqueta. Los ácidos grasos de estos aceites fueron mayoritariamente poliinsaturados: linolénico en chía y linaza, y linoleico en rosa mosqueta. El contenido de tocoles y la estabilidad oxidativa fue mayor en rosa mosqueta. Los resultados muestran que los aceites estudiados podrían ser utilizados como potenciales fuentes de ingredientes funcionales altos en ácidos grasos omega-3.

Estudo da eficácia percebida na melhora da textura, elasticidade e aparência geral de cicatrizes hipertróficas, através da aplicação do produto cosmético Renopel® / Perceived efficacy on the improvement of texture, elasticity, and general appearance of hypertrophic scars through the application of the cosmetic product Renopel®

Cicatrizes hipertróficas e queloides resultam de variações no processo de cicatrização normal de feridas no tecido cutâneo. Diferentemente dos queloides, as cicatrizes hipertróficas são passíveis de regressão gradativa e espontânea, podendo esse processo ser acelerado através de tratamentos específicos. Dentre os tratamentos para redução desse tipo de cicatriz, a utilização de cremes tópicos, com ativos hidratantes e queratolíticos, associados a massagens no local, são capazes de melhorar a textura e qualidade das cicatrizes hipertróficas. Essa resposta foi observada no presente estudo clínico de eficácia percebida, em que voluntários/julgadores, com presença de cicatrizes hipertróficas, avaliaram os parâmetros de textura, elasticidade e aparência geral das mesmas, antes e após aplicação do produto cosmético Renopel®, um novo produto cosmético a ser lançado no mercado. Os resultados obtidos foram promissores. Após 28 dias de aplicação do produto sobre as cicatrizes, os voluntários/julgadores referiram melhora de 87,0%, 82,6% e 95,7% da textura, elasticidade e aparência geral da cicatriz, respectivamente.