Ionic Liquid-Based Immunization Patch for the Transdermal Delivery of Antigens.

Herein, we report a transdermal patch prepared using an ionic liquid-based solid in oil (IL-S/O) nanodispersion and a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) to deliver the macromolecular antigenic protein, ovalbumin (OVA). The IL-S/O nanodispersion and a PSA were first mixed at an equal weight ratio, then coated onto a release liner, and covered with a support film. To evaluate the effect of the PSA, three types of PSAs, DURO-TAK 87-4098, DURO-TAK 87-4287, and DURO-TAK 87-235A, were used to obtain the corresponding IL-S/O patches SP-4098, SP-4287, and SP-235A, respectively. The prepared IL-S/O patches were characterized for surface morphology, viscoelasticity, and moisture content. In vitro skin penetration and in vivo immunization studies of the IL-S/O patches were performed using Yucatan micropig skin and the C57BL/6NJc1 mice model, respectively. The SP-4098 and SP-4287 delivered 5.49-fold and 5.47-fold higher amounts of drug compared with the aqueous formulation. Although both patches delivered a similar amount of drug, SP-4287 was not detached fully from the release liner after 30 days, indicating low stability. Mice immunized with the OVA-containing SP-4098 produced a 10-fold increase in anti-OVA IgG compared with those treated with an aqueous formulation. These findings suggested that the IL-S/O patch may be a good platform for the transdermal delivery of antigen molecules.

Comparison of Non-ephedrine Constituents from Ephedra Plants Cultivated in Japan.

Ephedra plants, the main components of which are ephedrine alkaloids, are used as traditional medicines in Eastern Asian countries. In this study, we isolated non-ephedrine constituents from various Ephedra plant species cultivated in Japan. HPLC analysis suggested that kynurenic acid and its derivatives accumulated in a wide range of Ephedra plant species. Furthermore, a large amount of (2R,3S)-O-benzoyl isocitrate has been isolated from E. intermedia. This study suggests that Ephedra plants have diverse non-ephedrine constituents.

Impulse buying behavior during livestreaming: Moderating effects of scarcity persuasion and price perception.

This research aimed to identify the factors that influence impulse buying behavior during livestreaming and advance the existing literature based on a proposed conceptual framework grounded in the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model. We also tested the moderating effects of price perception and scarcity persuasion. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 837 Chinese participants aged over 18 years. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS version 4.0. The findings showed that susceptibility to social influence, impulse buying tendency, cognitive reactions, affective reactions, and the urge to buy impulsively are statistically significant predictors of impulse buying during livestreaming, with price perception and scarcity persuasion as moderators. The study expands the S-O-R model for livestreaming impulse buying in e-commerce context, highlighting its multifaceted nature and revealing the mediating role of Urge to Buy Impulsively in translating cognitive and emotional factors into impulse buying behavior. These insights offer practical guidance for marketers to design tailored strategies that leverage psychological triggers and external cues to enhance consumer engagement and encourage desired behaviors, ultimately leading to more effective marketing campaigns and improved consumer experiences.

S/O/W Emulsion with CAPE Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating NF-κB Pathway, Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in C57BL/6 Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted much attention worldwide due to its prevalence. In this study, the effect of a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion with Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, a polyphenolic active ingredient in propolis) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. The results showed that CAPE-emulsion could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis through its effects on colon length, reduction in the disease activity index (DAI), and colon histopathology. The results of ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that CAPE-emulsion can down-regulate the excessive inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and inhibit the expression of p65 in the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CAPE-emulsion promoted short-chain fatty acids production in DSS-induced colitis mice. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that CAPE-emulsion regulates the imbalance of gut microbiota by enhancing diversity, restoring the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Odoribacter), and suppressing the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Afipia, Sphingomonas). The results of fecal metabolome showed that CAPE-emulsion restored the DSS-induced metabolic disorder by affecting metabolic pathways related to inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. These research results provide a scientific basis for the use of CPAE-emulsions for the development of functional foods for treating IBD.

An Empirical Investigation into the Impact of Social Media Fitness Videos on Users' Exercise Intentions.

Social media fitness influencers are driving the maturation of online fitness, which is especially significant in the current era of globally decreasing levels of physical activity. However, there is a paucity of research on online fitness videos, and the mechanism of influence of fitness videos on exercise intention is not well understood. Therefore, based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, this study extends the source credibility theory to the field of fitness and adds an examination of the content quality and electronic word-of-mouth of fitness videos to explore how fitness videos motivate users to participate in physical exercise. Through an online survey, 367 valid samples were collected and validated using a structural equation model. The results showed that the three elements contained in source credibility theory have inconsistent importance in the fitness field, with trustworthiness being the most important, followed by attractiveness, and the influence of expertise is not significant. In summary, the attributes of social media fitness influencers, including trustworthiness and physical attractiveness, as well as the content quality and electronic word-of-mouth of their fitness videos, may lead to viewers' trust and perception of the usefulness of the videos and, furthermore, lead to exercise intention.

Non-Directed C-H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis.

Non-directed C-H arylation is one of the most efficient methods to synthesize biaryl compounds without the need of the prefuctionalization of starting materials, or the installment and removal of directing groups on the substrate. A direct C-H arylation of simple arenes as limiting reactants remains a challenge. Here we disclose a non-directed C-H arylation of anisole derivatives as limiting reagents with aryl iodides under mild reaction conditions. The arylated products are obtained in synthetically useful yields and the arylation of bioactive molecules is also demonstrated. Key to the success of this methodology is the use of a one-step synthesized S,O-ligand.

N,S,O triply-doped carbon with nanotubes-interwoven nanosheets encapsulated Co nanoparticles for robust antibiotic destruction via activating peroxymonosulfate.

The development of facile and effective approaches to regulate the stability and reusability of metallic Co catalytic materials towards peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for remediating antibiotic pollutants remains challenging. In this study, we develop a one-step pyrolysis strategy to fabricate three-dimensional porous architecture assembled with N,S,O-codoped carbon nanotube-interwoven hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets encapsulated Co nanoparticles (Co@NSOC), which serve as chainmail catalysts for stable and reusable degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) through PMS activation. The optimal Co@NSOC-700-activated PMS system presents an excellent removal efficiency of 94.1 % for TCH within 10 min and a high cycling efficiency of 92.9 % after eight cycles. The encapsulated structure, abundant catalytic sites, superior hydrophilicity and strong magnetism contribute to the high performance. Further investigation demonstrates that both radical and nonradical pathways contribute to the TCH destruction, and 1O2 is verified as the dominant reactive substance. The possible degradation pathways and the toxicity of intermediates for TCH are evaluated. This work offers an innovative structure design and surface modulation strategy to fabricate robust catalysts towards environmental remediation.

Fabrication of dry S/O/W microcapsule and its probiotic protection against different stresses.

BACKGROUND: Encapsulation is commonly used to protect probiotics against harsh stresses. Thus, the fabrication of microcapsules with special structure is critical. In this work, microcapsules with the structure of S/O/W (solid-in-oil-in-water) emulsion were prepared for probiotics, with butterfat containing probiotics as the inner core and with whey protein isolate fibrils (WPIF) and antioxidants (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG; glutathione, GSH) as the outer shell. RESULTS: Based on the high viscosity and good emulsifying ability of WPIF, dry well-dispersed microcapsules were successfully prepared via the stabilization of the butterfat emulsion during freeze-drying with 30-50 g L-1 WPIF. WPIF, WPIF + EGCG, and WPIF + GSH microcapsules with 50 g L-1 WPIF protected probiotics very well against different stresses and exhibited similar inactivation results, indicating that EGCG and GSH exerted neither harm or protection on probiotics. This significantly reduced the harmful effects of antioxidants on probiotics. Almost all the probiotics survived after pasteurization, which was critical for the use of probiotics in other foods. The inactivation values of probiotics in microcapsules were around 1 log in simulated gastric juice (SGJ), about 0.5 log in simulated intestinal juice (SIJ), and around 1 log after 40 days of ambient storage. CONCLUSION: Dry S/O/W microcapsule, with butterfat containing probiotics as the inner core and WPIF as the outer shell, significantly increased the resistance of probiotics to harsh environments. This work proposed a preparation method of dry S/O/W microcapsule with core/shell structure, which could be used in the encapsulation of probiotics and other bioactive ingredients.

Applied artificial intelligence: Acceptance-intention-purchase and satisfaction on smartwatch usage in a Ghanaian context.

Technology and its continuous advancement facilitate human beings to get rid of their criticality and limitation. Applied artificial intelligence (AAI) is one of the latest forms that delimited the limitation of human beings. Smartwatch acts as an applied artificial intelligence to assist various patients to check medical care without going to hospital and physicians. This (three) multiple-study research focused on the intention to use, purchase, and their satisfaction and spread positive word of mouth among others in the Ghanaian. To investigate these issues two renowned theories were underpinned- TAM theory and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R). Total 550, 320, and 170 respondents were interviewed with Google forms due to COVID-19 using social media. AI-enabled smartwatch considering Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Credibility (PC), Perceived Self-Efficacy (PSE), and Perceived Financial Cost (PFC) were significant on intention to adoption and adoption intention on actual purchase. The final study showed device quality, its service level, their usage experience, perceived value, and the extent to which the satisfied customers made positive word of mouth to their friends and family, colleagues and followers. This research is significant in understanding the usage of AI-enabled smartwatches as a device doctor or electronic doctor (e-doctor).

Study on the Mechanism of Influencing Adolescents' Willingness to Participate in Ice Sports.

BACKGROUND: Ice sports are an effective means to promote the physical health of adolescents, and the willingness to participate in ice sports is the basis of adolescents' awareness of their participation in ice sports and an important prerequisite for their participation. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms influencing adolescents' willingness to participate in ice sports. METHODS: Using the stimulus-organism-response theoretical framework, the motivation-opportunity-ability model, and the technology acceptance model, a theoretical model of the influencing mechanisms of adolescents' participation in ice sports was constructed. A total of 3419 secondary school students were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, the mechanisms influencing adolescents' willingness to participate in ice sports and the moderating role of perceived riskiness and perceived ease of use are proposed and tested. RESULTS: The study found that participation motivation, participation ability, perceived usefulness, and perceived risk all have significant effects on adolescents' willingness to participate in ice sports. The degree of influence in descending order is as follows: ability to participate, perceived usefulness, motivation to participate, and perceived risk. Perceived risk plays a mediating role in the process of motivation to participate and ability to participate influencing willingness to participate. Perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in the process of motivation to participate influencing perceived usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a systematic understanding of the mechanisms that influence adolescents' willingness to participate in ice sports. The findings provide valuable insights into the subject of adolescents' ice sport participation and can inform the development of strategies to increase participation in these activities. Future research should deepen the investigation of the patterns of willingness to participate in ice sports behavior among adolescents, which is important for promoting the sustainable development of ice sports, improving the health of adolescents, and advancing the construction of a healthy China, a healthy world, and global health.

Fabrication of S and O-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film for selective sensing of Hg2+ ions in water, fish, and crab samples.

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with sulfur and oxygen-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride (S, O-GCN) linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film (PTD) through thioester linkage. The promising interaction between the Hg2+ and modified materials containing sulfur as well as oxygen through strong affinity was studied. This study was utilized for the electrochemical selective sensing of Hg2+ ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). After, optimizing the different experimental parameters, S, O-GCN@PTD-SPCE was used to improve the electrochemical signal of Hg2+ ions and achieved a concentration range of 0.05-390 nM with a detection limit of 13 pM. The real-world application of the electrode was studied in different water, fish, and crab samples and their obtained results were confirmed with Inductive Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) studies. Additionally, this work established a facile and consistent technique for enhancing the electrochemical sensing of Hg2+ ions and discusses various promising applications in water and food quality analysis.

Impact of social media news on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior.

In order to take advantage of the power of social media to promote vaccination, this study reveals the mechanisms of positive and negative impacts of social media news on vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, we developed a research model to understand the effects of vaccine safety news and risk news from social media (external stimuli) on individuals' psychological organism (i.e., safety perception and risk perception) and consequent behavioral response, vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior. The proposed model was tested by partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample gathered in China from September 2021 to November 2021 and from February 2022 to April 2022 (valid responses = 1579). The results found that the relationship between vaccine risk news from social media and risk perception was higher than the relationship between vaccine safety news from social media and safety perception. Individuals are more sensitive to vaccine risk news than safety news on social media. Moreover, both safety perception and risk perception explained the critical psychological mechanisms behind vaccine hesitancy. Interestingly, ego network density mitigated the effect of safety news on safety perception and the effect of risk news on risk perception. The findings contribute to the S-O-R model, the research on social media effects, and the literature on vaccination attitudes and behaviors. This study also informs public health officials about leveraging the power of social media to motivate the public to accept the COVID-19 vaccines.

Structural changes and calcium bioaccessibility of calcium fortified milk containing CaCO3 loaded solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion during simulated in vitro digestion.

BACKGROUND: In most regions around the globe, average dietary calcium intake is relatively low. Consumers increasingly supplement calcium with milk. However, commercial high-calcium milk has the problem of low calcium bioaccessibility. This study was to explore calcium fortified milk containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) loaded solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion as a potential novel calcium fortified milk with higher calcium bioaccessibility. RESULTS: The CaCO3 loaded solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion with good physical stability (zeta potential -33.34 ± 0.96 mV, mean particle size 4.49 ± 0.02 µm) and high calcium bioaccessibility (32.34%) was prepared when the concentration of xanthan gum was 4 g L-1 . Furthermore, the physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal fate of calcium fortified milk (calcium contents, 1.25 mg mL-1 , 1.35 mg mL-1 , and 1.45 mg mL-1 ) with different proportions of CaCO3 loaded S/O/W emulsion and pure milk were investigated. The calcium fortified milk (calcium content, 1.25 mg mL-1 ) with a small amount of CaCO3 loaded S/O/W emulsion did not significantly affect the physicochemical properties of pure milk and had similar rheological properties and higher calcium bioaccessibility to commercial high-calcium milk. Excessive calcium ion (Ca2+ ) weakens the electrostatic interaction of milk sample system and causes aggregation of colloidal particles, which was attributed to more insoluble calcium soap formation. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the S/O/W emulsion delivery system improved the dispersion stability and bioaccessibility of CaCO3 . These findings contribute to the development of calcium fortified milk with improved physicochemical properties and higher calcium bioaccessibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Confined self-assembly of S, O co-doped GCN short nanotubes/EG composite towards HMIs electrochemical detection and removal.

In this paper, we prepared composites by confining S, O co-doped C3N4 short nanotubes (SOT) into the slit holes of expanded graphite (EG). The prepared SOT/EG composites had hierarchical pores. Macroporous and mesoporous were conducive to the permeation of heavy metal ions (HMIs) solution, while microporous were favorable for HMIs capture. In addition, EG had excellent adsorption and conductive properties. By leveraging their synergistic effect, SOT/EG composites could be used for electrochemical detection and removal of HMIs simultaneously. The excellent HMIs electrochemical detection and removal performances were due to the unique 3D microstructure and the increase of active sites such as S and O. When SOT/EG composites were prepared into modified electrodes, the limit of detections (LODs) of Pb2+ and Hg2+ were 0.038 and 0.051 µg L-1 for simultaneous detection and 0.045 and 0.057 µg L-1 for individual detection. When SOT/EG composites were used as adsorbents, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Pb2+ and Hg2+ solution of 10 mg L-1 could reach 228.0 and 313.1 mg g-1, and the adsorption efficiency was above 90%. Due to the low raw materials cost and simple preparation method, SOT/EG composite is a very promising bifunctional material for HMIs electrochemical detection and removal.

Síntesis de tioureas con isoniacida y niacida estructural: test frente a bacterias Gram + y Gram -

Se sintetizaron los compuestos N-(2-ni-cotinoilhidrazina-1-carbonotioil)benzamida (H3L1) y su isómero N-(2-isonicoti-noilhidrazina-1-carbonotioil)benzamida (H3L2) tipo N, S, O dadores, por reacción del isotiocianato de benzoilo con la hidracida nicotínica y la isoniacida, respectivamente. Los compuestos H3L1 y H3L2 fueron caracterizados por 1H-RM-N,13C-RMN, FT-IR y análisis elemental. Se realizó el análisis computacional utilizando las funciones de Fukui para determinar las razones por las cuales no se formaron los 1,2,4-triazoles. Se hicieron pruebas preliminares de los compuestos sintetizados frente a Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) y Escherichia coli (Gram-). Se demostró importante actividad frente a las bacterias mencionadas.

The compounds N-(2-nicotinoylhydra-zine-1-carbonothioyl)benzamide (H3L1) and its isomer N-(2-isonicotinoylhydra-zine-1-carbonothioyl)benzamide (H3L2) type N, S, O donors, by reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with nicotinic hydrazide and isoniazid respectively were synthesized. The H3L1 and H3L2 compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. Computational analysis using the Fukui functions were performed to determine the reasons why the 1,2,4-triazoles were not formed. Preliminary tests of the synthesized compounds were carried out against Staphylo-coccus aureus (Gram+) and Escherichia coli (Gram-), having demonstrated significant activity against such bacteria.

Os compostos N-(2-nicotinoilhidrazina-1-carbonotioil)benzamida (H3L1) e seu isòmero N-(2-isonicotinoilhidrazina-1-carbonotioil)benzamida foram sintetizados. (H3L2) doadores tipo N, S, O, por reação de isotiocianato de benzoíla com hidrazida nicotínica e isoniazida, respectivamente. Os compostos H3L1 e H3L2 foram caracterizados por 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR e análise elementar. A análise computacional usando as funções de Fukui foi realizada para determinar as razões pelas quais os 1,2,4-triazóis não foram formados. Testes preliminares dos compostos sintetizados foram realizados contra Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) e Escherichia coli (Gram-), tendo demonstrado atividade significativa contra as referidas bactérias.

How Attitude and Para-Social Interaction Influence Purchase Intentions of Mukbang Users: A Mixed-Method Study.

Mukbang is widely recognized as a new type of food video on user-generated content (UGC) platforms. The purpose of this study was to identify motivators to watch mukbangs and to examine the relationship between these motivators and the intention to watch mukbangs via attitudes toward mukbangs and para-social relationships. In addition, this study examined how the intention to watch mukbangs affected purchase intention. Interviews were conducted to determine the motivation factors for watching mukbangs by collecting data from mukbang viewers. The results of the interviews suggested that vicarious satisfaction, enjoyment, information, exposure, and attractiveness were motivators for watching mukbangs. Using a survey, this study collected data from 399 participants who watched mukbangs to test relationships. Using SmartPLS, structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted. The outcomes of the SEM indicated that vicarious satisfaction, enjoyment, and information influenced the intention to watch mukbangs via attitudes toward mukbangs. The results also indicated that exposure and attractiveness had an impact on the intention to watch mukbangs via para-social relationships. Furthermore, the intention to watch mukbangs influenced the intention to purchase food items portrayed in the mukbang content. This study contributes to the literature by empirically confirming the effect of watching mukbang on purchase intention.

An efficient metal-free and catalyst-free C-S/C-O bond-formation strategy: synthesis of pyrazole-conjugated thioamides and amides.

An operationally simple and metal-free approach is described for the synthesis of pyrazole-tethered thioamide and amide conjugates. The thioamides were generated by employing a three-component reaction of diverse pyrazole C-3/4/5 carbaldehydes, secondary amines, and elemental sulfur in a single synthetic operation. The advantages of this developed protocol refer to the broad substrate scope, metal-free and easy to perform reaction conditions. Moreover, the pyrazole C-3/5-linked amide conjugates were also synthesized via an oxidative amination of pyrazole carbaldehydes and 2-aminopyridines using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.

Understanding self-protective behaviors during COVID-19 Pandemic: Integrating the theory of planned behavior and O-S-O-R model.

Adopting health preventive actions is one of the most effective ways to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the orientation-stimulus-orientation-response model, this study investigated the mechanisms by which health information exposure influenced individuals to adopt self-protective behaviors in the context of infectious disease. In this research, a convenience sampling was used and 2265 valid samples (Male = 843, 68.9% of participants aged range from 18 to 24) were collected in China. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed, and the analysis showed that health consciousness positively influenced the subsequent variables through interpersonal discussions and social media exposure to COVID-19-related information. The interaction between interpersonal discussion and social media exposure was found to be positively associated with the elements of the theory of planned behavior and risk perception. The findings also revealed that self-protective behavior was positively predicted by the components of the theory of planned behavior and risk perceptions, with subjective norms serving as the main predictor, followed by attitudes and self-efficacy.

Impact of Traction Direction in Traction-Assisted Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (with Videos).

BACKGROUND: The impact of traction direction in traction-assisted gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has not been adequately investigated. A clip with line (CWL) is a classical single-directional traction device. In contrast, a spring and loop with clip (SLC; S-O clip) is a newly developed multidirectional traction device. AIMS: To investigate the impact of traction direction in gastric ESD by comparing the procedure-related outcomes of CWL-assisted ESD (CWL-ESD) and SLC-assisted ESD (SLC-ESD). METHODS: We retrospectively examined 140 patients with superficial gastric neoplasms who underwent SLC-ESD or CWL-ESD by a single ESD expert during November 2017-September 2020. The traction direction was classified based on the endoscopic finding in the following five categories: proximal, diagonally proximal, vertical, diagonally distal, and distal. In SLC-ESD, we set vertical traction, using the multidirectional traction function. Propensity score matching was conducted to compensate for the differences in lesion size, injection function of electrosurgical knife, ulcerative lesion, lesion location, and lesion position. The primary outcome was gastric ESD procedure time. RESULTS: Propensity score matching created 42 pairs. The median gastric ESD procedure time in the SLC-ESD group was significantly shorter than that in the CWL-ESD group (28.3 min vs. 51.0 min, P = 0.022). All traction direction in the SLC-ESD group was vertical, while only 16.7% in the CWL-ESD group. En bloc resection was attained without perforation in all the patients in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that SLC can provide vertical traction, which reduces the gastric ESD procedure time. Multidirectional traction devices can provide vertical traction in most cases of gastric ESD, unlike single-directional traction devices. Vertical traction may reduce the gastric ESD procedure time.

Stimulus-Organism-Response Framework: Is the Perceived Outstanding Universal Value Attractiveness of Tourists Beneficial to World Heritage Site Conservation?

Tourists have been attracted to world heritage sites (WHSs) by their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). In view of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework and the theory of attitude and behavior, by employing 563 tourist samples from Mount Sanqingshan National Park, and using structural equation modeling, we examine tourist behavioral intention for heritage conservation, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the S-O-R theory revealed the behavioral intentions of tourists to protect WHSs; (2) as a stimulus, tourists' value perception and destination attachment were positively affected by the OUV attractiveness, and their perceived value had a positive influence on heritage conservation, although the hypothesis of destination attachment to heritage conservation was not supported; (3) heritage-conservation education and knowledge positively influenced tourists' behavioral intentions towards heritage protection, and tourists' heritage protection attitude had a positive influence on their behavioral intention; and (4) a framework of the influence mechanism for tourists' heritage conservation based on the S-O-R theory was proposed, while tourists' cognitive and affective attitudes impacted on heritage protection intention which, in turn, further enhanced the tourists' perception of the OUV. Conclusively, the measures and implications were proposed for improving conservation and management of WHSs, in particular to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist industry and world heritage sites.