Propiedades psicométricas del CESQT, versión Desencanto Profesional (CESQT-DP) en una muestra multiocupacional colombiana / Psychometric properties of the SBI, Professional Disenchantment version (SBI-DP), in a multi-occupational Colombian sample

Resumen Introducción/Objetivos: existen múltiples instrumentos para evaluar el Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (burnout) en profesiones relacionadas con el servicio a otras personas. Sin embargo, hay limitaciones metodológicas para estudiar este fenómeno en poblaciones de trabajadores generales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer evidencia de la validez y fiabilidad del "Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Quemarse por el Trabajo", en su versión Desencanto Profesional (CESQT-DP), la cual puede ser aplicada a trabajadores de cualquier ocupación, empleando para ello una muestra colombiana. Método: se efectuó un estudio psicométrico con una muestra multiocupacional de 2991 trabajadores. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, análisis de invarianza por sexo, validez convergente y discriminante y de consistencia interna. Resultados: los resultados muestran la estructura factorial, replicando las cuatro dimensiones hipotetizadas; se evidencia invarianza del instrumento según el sexo, y muestras de la validez convergente, discriminante y fiabilidad. Discusión: el CESQT-DP cuenta con altas calidades psicométricas y puede emplearse para evaluar el burnout en empleados en cualquier ocupación en Colombia.

Abstract Introduction/objectives: Multiple instruments to assess burnout syndrome in employees working in service occupations exist. These instruments have methodological limitations for understanding the phenomenon of burnout in employees who are in professions not related to service to others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory-Professional Disenchantment version (SBI-PD), in a Colombian sample, which can then be used in employees working in any sector of the economy. Methods: A psychometric validation study with 2,991 multi-occupational employees was developed. Analyses included CAF, sex invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and internal consistency analyses. Results: The results provide evidence of the factorial structure of the instrument, sex invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability. Discussion: The SBI-PD version has excellent psychometric properties and can be used in Colombia with employees working in any occupation.

Validación del CESQT en trabajadores colombianos: Un estudio psicométrico en tiempos de COVID-19 / Validation of the SBI in Colombian workers: A psychometric study in times of COVID-19

Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez factorial del modelo psicométrico del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) en una muestra multiocupacional de trabajadores colombianos. Se hipotetizó un modelo de cuatro factores con base en la estructura factorial del modelo original. Los participantes fueron 153 trabajadores que desempeñan diversos roles en empresas ubicadas en Colombia. Se aplicó el CESQT que se compone de cuatro dimensiones: Ilusión por el trabajo (5 ítems), Desgaste psíquico (4 ítems), Indolencia (6 ítems) y Culpa (5 ítems). Las propiedades psicométricas fueron examinadas mediante Análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach). Los ítems presentaron valores estadísticos y psicométricos adecuados, así como las escalas. El modelo presentó un ajuste aceptable a los datos: GFI = .858, RMSEA = .066 (.051.079), NNFI = .913, CFI = .927. La consistencia interna fue alta para todas las escalas del instrumento (a = .79 hasta a = .87). Los resultados indican que el CESQT es un instrumento con suficiente validez psicométrica para evaluar el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (SQT) en el contexto cultural colombiano.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in a multi-occupational sample of Colombian workers. On the basis of previous results and the factor structure of the instrument, a four-factor model was hypothesized. The sample consisted of 153 Colombian workers from different occupational sectors. The SBI was applied. This instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), Psychological exhaustion (4 items), Indolence (6 items), and Guilt (5 items). The psychometric properties were examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The items presented adequate statistical and psychometric values, as well as the scales. The model presented an acceptable fit to the data: GFI = .858, RMSEA = .066(051-079), NNFI = .913, CFI = .927. Reliability was adequate for all scales (a = .79 to a = .87). The results indicate that the SBI is an instrument with psychometric validity to assess the burnout in the Colombian cultural context.

Outcomes of Young Infants with Hypothermia Evaluated in the Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of serious infections and mortality among infants ≤90 days of age presenting to the emergency department with hypothermia. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of infants ≤90 days presenting to any of 40 EDs in the Pediatric Health Information Systems between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Infants with an International Classification of Diseases, ninth or tenth edition, admission/discharge diagnosis code of hypothermia were included. We determined the prevalence of serious bacterial infection (urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and/or bacterial meningitis), pneumonia, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, and emergency department/hospital mortality. RESULTS: We included 3565 infants (1633 male [50.9%] and 3225 ≤30 days of age [90.5%]). Most (65.0%) presented in the first week of life. There were 389 infants (10.8%) with a complex chronic condition. The prevalence of serious bacterial infection was 8.0% (n = 284), including 2.4% (n = 87) with urinary tract infection, 5.6% (n = 199) with bacteremia, and 0.3% (n = 11) with bacterial meningitis. There were 7 patients (0.2%) with neonatal HSV and 9 (0.3%) with pneumonia; 0.2% (n = 6) died. The presence of a complex chronic condition was associated with the presence of serious bacterial infection (P < .001) and was present in 3 of 6 patients who died. In a sensitivity analysis including patients with any diagnosis code of hypothermia (n = 8122), 14.9% had serious bacterial infection, 0.6% had HSV, and 3.3% had pneumonia; 2.0% died. CONCLUSIONS: Of infants with hypothermia ≤90 days of age, 8.3% had serious bacterial infections or HSV. Compared with literature from febrile infants, hypothermia is associated with a high mortality rate. Complex chronic conditions were particularly associated with poor outcomes. Additional research is required to risk stratify young infants with hypothermia.

Inhibition of Phytosterol Biosynthesis by Azasterols.

Inhibitors of enzymes in essential cellular pathways are potent probes to decipher intricate physiological functions of biomolecules. The analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana sterol profiles upon treatment with a series of azasterols reveals a specific in vivo inhibition of SMT2, a plant sterol-C-methyltransferase acting as a branch point between the campesterol and sitosterol biosynthetic segments in the pathway. Side chain azasteroids that modify sitosterol homeostasis help to refine its particular function in plant development.

The good side of inflammation: Staphylococcus aureus proteins SpA and Sbi contribute to proper abscess formation and wound healing during skin and soft tissue infections.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most prominent cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) worldwide. Mortality associated with invasive SSTI is a major threat to public health considering the incidence of antibiotic resistant isolates in particular methicillin resistant S. aureus both in the hospital (HA-MRSA) and in the community (CA-MRSA). To overcome the increasing difficulties in the clinical management of SSTI due to MRSA, new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed and a preventive vaccine would be welcome. The rational design of an anti-S. aureus vaccine requires a deep knowledge of the role that the different bacterial virulence factors play according to the type of infection. In the present study, using a set of isogenic deficient mutants and their complemented strains we determined that the staphylococcal surface proteins SpA and Sbi play an important role in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the skin during SSTI. SpA and Sbi initiate signaling cascades that lead to the early recruitment of neutrophils, modulate their lifespan in the skin milieu and contribute to proper abscess formation and bacterial eradication. Moreover, the expression of SpA and Sbi appear critical for skin repair and wound healing. Thus, these results indicate that SpA and Sbi can promote immune responses in the skin that are beneficial for the host and therefore, should not be neutralized with vaccine formulations designed to prevent SSTI.

Validação fatorial do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" em policiais portugueses / Factorial validity of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" among portuguese police officers

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a estrutura fatorial e a consistência interna da adaptação ao português do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) numa amostra composta por 245 policiais de diversos esquadrões da região de Lisboa. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), de onde foram extraídos 4 fatores com autovalor > 1, que reproduziram a distribuição dos itens da versão original: no primeiro fator ficaram agrupados os itens da subescala Entusiasmo pelo Trabalho, no segundo os itens da subescala Culpa, no terceiro os itens da subescala Indolência, sendo que os itens da subescala Desgaste Psíquico se distribuíram pelo quarto fator. Todas as subescalas do SBI alcançaram valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. Os resultados sugerem que a versão portuguesa do SBI é um instrumento valido e fiável para avaliar a síndrome do burnout em policiais portugueses.

This study was designed to assess the factor structure and the internal consistency of the Portuguese adaptation of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) in a sample of 245 Portuguese police officers working in Lisbon. Using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 4 factors were extracted with eigenvalue > 1, reproducing the original model: the first factor was constituted by the items of "enthusiasm toward the job", the second factor was constituted by the items of "guilt", the third factor was constituted by the items of "indolence", and the fourth factor was constituted by the items of "psychological exhaustion". Internal consistency values for all subscales showed values of Cronbach's alpha higher than .70. The results suggest that the Portuguese adaptation of the SBI is an adequate instrument to assess burnout in Portuguese police officers.

Validação fatorial do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" em policiais portugueses / Factorial validity of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" among portuguese police officers

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a estrutura fatorial e a consistência interna da adaptação ao português do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) numa amostra composta por 245 policiais de diversos esquadrões da região de Lisboa. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), de onde foram extraídos 4 fatores com autovalor > 1, que reproduziram a distribuição dos itens da versão original: no primeiro fator ficaram agrupados os itens da subescala Entusiasmo pelo Trabalho, no segundo os itens da subescala Culpa, no terceiro os itens da subescala Indolência, sendo que os itens da subescala Desgaste Psíquico se distribuíram pelo quarto fator. Todas as subescalas do SBI alcançaram valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. Os resultados sugerem que a versão portuguesa do SBI é um instrumento valido e fiável para avaliar a síndrome do burnout em policiais portugueses.(AU)

This study was designed to assess the factor structure and the internal consistency of the Portuguese adaptation of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) in a sample of 245 Portuguese police officers working in Lisbon. Using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 4 factors were extracted with eigenvalue > 1, reproducing the original model: the first factor was constituted by the items of "enthusiasm toward the job", the second factor was constituted by the items of "guilt", the third factor was constituted by the items of "indolence", and the fourth factor was constituted by the items of "psychological exhaustion". Internal consistency values for all subscales showed values of Cronbach's alpha higher than .70. The results suggest that the Portuguese adaptation of the SBI is an adequate instrument to assess burnout in Portuguese police officers.(AU)