Husbands' knowledge and involvement in sexual and reproductive health rights of women in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based study.

Background: Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHRs) are integral elements of the rights of everyone to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, but they are the most underdeveloped and least understood sphere of rights, especially in Africa, including the country of Ethiopia. The implementation of women's SRHRs is essential for achieving gender equality and promoting women's rights. Husbands' knowledge and involvement play a significant role in improving women's practice of their SRHRs. However, there is limited information/data about the level of husbands' knowledge and involvement in Northwest Ethiopia, including Bahir Dar City. Therefore, this study aimed to assess husbands' knowledge, involvement, and factors influencing their involvement in women's SRHRs. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 20 to April 5, 2023, in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, among 391 husbands. Multi-stage sampling and simple random sampling technique were applied to select kebeles and study participants, respectively. Participants were interviewed face-to-face using structured and pretested questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify associated factors, and a p-value of <0.05 was a cutoff point to declare statistical significance. Results: In this study, 50.6% (198/391) of the husbands had good knowledge about their wives' SRHRs and 44.2% (173/391) (95% CI, 39.3-49.1%) of the husbands were involved when their wives practiced their SRHRs. Access training/education about sexual health [AOR = 5.99; 95% CI (2.7-13.2)], husbands' advance educational level [AOR = 8.81; 95% CI (2.04-38)], good knowledge about SRHRs [AOR = 7.94; 95% CI (4.3-14.4)], low monthly income (<4,600 birr) [AOR = 9.25; 95% CI (4.2-20.5)], and had open discussion with family members and friends about SRHRs [AOR = 1.92; 95% CI (1.01-3.6)] were found to have significant association with husbands' involvement. Conclusion: Husbands' level of knowledge on SRHRs of women and their involvement remain low. Therefore, responsible concerned bodies need to work on the strategies that help to improve men involvement and knowledge, and tackle the above-mentioned factors influencing their involvement.

Laws governing access to sexual health services and information: contents, protections, and restrictions.

Access to sexual health services and information is critical to achieving the highest attainable standard of sexual health, and enabling legal environments are key to advancing progress in this area. In determining overall alignment with human rights standards to respect, protect, and fulfil sexual health-related rights without discrimination, there are many aspects of laws, including their specificity and content, which impact which sexual health services and information are availed, which are restricted, and for whom. To understand the nature of existing legal provisions surrounding access to sexual health services and information, we analysed the content of 40 laws in English, French, and Spanish from 18 countries for the specific sexual health services and information to which access is ensured or prohibited, and the non-discrimination provisions within these laws. Overall, there was wide variation across countries in the types of laws covering these services and the types and number of services and information ensured. Some countries covered different services through multiple laws, and most of the laws dedicated specifically to sexual health addressed only a narrow aspect of sexual health and covered a small range of services. The protected characteristics in non-discrimination provisions and the specificity of these provisions with regard to sexual health services also varied. Findings may inform national legal and policy dialogues around sexual health to identify opportunities for positive change, as well as to guide further investigation to understand the relationship between such legal provisions, the implementation of these laws within countries, and relevant sexual health outcomes.

Access to sexual health services and information is important to being able to have good sexual health. Laws are relevant because what they include and how specific they are affects what types of sexual health services people can access, what types of services are illegal, and whether or not all people can access services equally. We reviewed 40 laws in English, French, and Spanish from 18 countries to understand how many and which sexual health services and information countries ensure in their laws, which sexual health services are illegal, and which people are protected from discrimination in accessing these services. We found that countries use many different types of laws to ensure access to sexual health services or information, and most countries do not cover the same types or number of sexual health services. There are also differences in which people are specifically protected from discrimination in the laws we reviewed. These findings are important because they may help countries identify ways that access to sexual health services and information could be improved so as to improve people's sexual health. They may also guide future research.

Sexual Health and Well-Being: A Framework to Guide Care.

Although the acceptance of sex positivity centering pleasure and justice has grown, clinical and public health strategies for sexually transmitted infection management have remained focused on risk and adverse outcomes. To promote sex-positive health care practice in clinical settings and beyond, health care practitioners should use an integrated, patient-centered approach to sexual health. These strategies include initiating discussions, continued sexual health education, providing informative material for patients, and knowledge of different communication strategies. Patient-provider interactions might be enhanced by using such methods.

Nursing students' attitudes towards sexuality before training in sexual and reproductive health.

AIM: To know the attitudes towards sexuality of nursing students and those sociodemographic and cultural factors that can influence it. DESIGN: An observational study was carried out on Nursing degree students. One hundred and eighteen nursing degree students who were going to take the sexual and reproductive health nursing course. METHODS: A self-administered online questionnaire. This questionnaire had several parts specifically designed to collect sociodemographic variables. In order to determine the attitudes towards sexuality, the questionnaire based on the ATSS (Attitudes Towards Sexuality Scale). The Double Standard Scale (DSS) was also used. This scale evaluates double standards within the area of sexuality. The Rape Supportive Attitude Scale (RSAS), was included to determine beliefs about rape, rapists and their victims. RESULTS: The ATSS shows a statistically significant association with religious beliefs (p = 0.005), with mean scores of 113.84 (SD = 9.81) for non-believers (no religion), 108.36 (SD = 15.68) for non-practicing believers and 102.32 (SD = 17.87) for believers (those who practice their faith). The mean score in the DSS shows a statistically significant association with alcohol consumption (p = 0.001). The mean score on the RSAS is statistically significantly associated with the place of residence (p = 0.050), the means were 44.32 (SD = 9.26) for those who lived in the city, 34.94 (SD = 19.21) if the place of residence was between 10,000 and 5000 inhabitants and 32.54 (SD = 15.01) if the family home was in a town with less than 5000 inhabitants. CONCLUSION: Religious beliefs reduce liberalism and positive attitudes towards sexuality, whereas sporadic alcohol consumption increases them. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Factors associated with the practice of and intention to perform female genital mutilation on a female child among married women in Abakaliki Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as Female Genital Cutting or Female Circumcision is the harmful excision of the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. According to WHO, approximately 200 million girls and women have been genitally mutilated globally. Its recognition internationally as human rights violation has led to initiatives to stop FGM. This study investigated factors associated with the practice and intention to perform FGM among married women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 married women from communities in Abakaliki Nigeria. The participants were selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected through the interviewer's administration of a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were employed to determine factors associated with the practice and intention to perform FGM at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents is 40.5 ± 14.9 years. A majority, 96.7% were aware of FGM. On a scale of 15, their mean knowledge score was 8.1 ± 4.3 marks. Whereas 50.4% of the respondents were genitally mutilated, 20.2% have also genitally mutilated their daughters, and 7.4% have plan to genitally mutilate their future daughters. On a scale of 6, their mean practice score was 4.8 ± 1.2 marks. The top reasons for FGM are tradition (82.9%), a rite of passage into womanhood (64.4%), suppression of sexuality (64.4%), and promiscuity (62.5%). Women with at least secondary education are less likely to genitally mutilate their daughters (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.248, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.094-0.652). Women who are genitally mutilated are more likely to genitally mutilate their daughters (AOR = 28.732, 95% CI = 6.171-133.768), and those who have previously genitally mutilated their daughters have greater intention to genitally mutilate future ones (AOR = 141.786; 95% CI = 9.584-209.592). CONCLUSIONS: Women who underwent FGM have a greater propensity to perpetuate the practice but attaining at least secondary education promotes its abandonment. Targeted intervention to dispel any harboured erroneous beliefs of the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation with enforcement against FGM are recommended.

Anent the theoretical justification of a sex doula program.

The Human Condition is neither a well-defined nor well-described concept-nevertheless, it is generally agreed that human sexuality is a fundamental and constituent part of it. For most able-bodied persons, accessing and expressing one's sexuality is a (relatively) trouble-free process. However, many disabled persons experience difficulty in accessing their sexuality, while others experience such significant barriers that they are often precluded from sexual citizenship altogether. Recognising the barriers to the sexual citizenship of disabled persons, the concept of a Welfare-Funded Sex Doula Program has been advanced - a program specifically aimed at meeting the various (and often complex) sexual needs of disabled people. Below we show how that program can be justified within at least two different moral frameworks, the capabilities approach and liberal utilitarianism, and consider and repudiate arguments against it.

A novel curriculum for the Same-Sex Marriage Act and Patient Right to Autonomy Act (SMPRA) module based on two new laws in Taiwan: a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: The establishment of laws has had a tremendous impact on holistic medical care. The Patient Right to Autonomy (PRA) Act and the Same-Sex Marriage Act have been passed in Taiwan, and both have sparked intense societal debate. The Same-Sex Marriage Act and PRA Act (SMPRA) teaching module was created for the Gender, Medicine, and Law (GML) course of the medical curriculum. This video trigger-assisted problem-based learning (VTA-PBL) software has integrated content on the aforementioned legislative proclamations. It upends conventional beliefs and fosters reflective practices on sexual rights and the right to representation among medical students. This study examined how the SMPRA module affected the knowledge and attitudes of medical students taking up the GML course. METHODS: A simple pre-/post-test design evaluated the outcomes of the PBL module to examine the changes in knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward same-sex marriage rights. In 2019 and 2020, 126 and 49 5th-year medical students took up the GML course, respectively. The GML components included a video scenario representing advanced decision-making and a healthcare agency with a same-sex couple, a PBL discussion, and student feedback presentations. The mechanisms of feedback collection and measuring student knowledge and attitudes toward sexual rights differed between one cohort in 2019 and the other in 2020. Pre- and post-lecture tests were used in the first school year, whereas a post-lecture open-ended questionnaire survey was used in the second school year. RESULTS: In total, 90 and 39 eligible questionnaires were received in the first and second school years, respectively, which corresponded to response rates of 71% and 80%. Students showed a better understanding of and positive enhancement of proficiency in legal and ethical content and relevant clinical practice. Qualitative analysis revealed that students viewed healthcare providers as checkpoints for conflicts of interest; medical ethics as the cornerstone of clinical practice; cultural background as a significant influence on decision-making; and empathetic communication as the cornerstone of relationships between patients, family members, and doctors. CONCLUSION: The GML course of the SMPRA module fosters reflective practices on ethical and legal sexual rights issues.

The Right to Sexuality, Reproductive Health, and Found a Family for People with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.

Although sexuality, reproductive health, and starting a family are human rights that should be guaranteed for all citizens, they are still taboo issues for people with intellectual disability (ID), and even more so for women with ID. This paper systematically reviews the current qualitative and quantitative evidence on the rights of people with ID in regard to Articles 23 (right to home and family) and 25 (health, specifically sexual and reproductive health) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). A systematic review of the current literature, following PRISMA 2020, was carried out in ERIC, PsychInfo, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. In all, 151 articles were included for review. The studies were categorized into six themes: attitudes, intimate relationships, sexual and reproductive health, sexuality and sex education, pregnancy, and parenthood. There are still many barriers that prevent people with ID from fully exercising their right to sexuality, reproductive health, and parenthood, most notably communicative and attitudinal barriers. These findings underline the need to continue advancing the rights of people with ID, relying on Schalock and Verdurgo's eight-dimensional quality of life model as the ideal conceptual framework for translating such abstract concepts into practice and policy.

Sexual rights and sexual pleasure: Sustainable Development Goals and the omitted dimensions of the leave no one behind sexual health agenda.

This commentary explores the missing discourse of sexual rights and sexual pleasure in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that purport to leave no one behind. The SDG propose a welcome focus on sexual health and human rights for all, expanding beyond the Millennium Development Goals. While promising in many ways for advancing global sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights, the omission of sexual rights is troubling. So too is the erasure of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) persons, and sex workers, from the SDG discussions of social inequities. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate how a sexual rights focus could advance SDG 3 focused on healthy lives and well-being for all. First, sexual rights are presented as integral to realizing Target 3.3's focus on ending the HIV pandemic among LGBTQ persons and sex workers (and LGBTQ sex workers). Second, sexual pleasure is introduced as an integral component of sexual health and sexual rights that could facilitate the realization of Target 3.7's aim to provide universal access to sexual and reproductive health information and education. To truly leave no one behind and realize sexual health for all, the SDG need to begin from a foundation of sexual rights.

The Role of Information in Later-Life Sexuality: An Invitation for Further Exploration.

Despite the key role of information in realizing, questioning, or respecting one's sexual health, individuals' engagement with information about sex and sexuality remains understudied, particularly in older adult populations. Beginning with current understandings of later-life sexuality to contextualize how older adults may need, use, and manage information about their sexual lives and practices, this forum article follows with what is currently known about older adults' sexuality-related information needs and practices. We conclude with an invitation for collaboration between gerontologists and Library and Information Science scholars and professionals as a means to step outside the medicalization of older adults' sexuality and bolster our understandings of how information and later-life sexuality are mututally shaping.

Capturing and Sending Nudes: the moral twists, pleasures and dangers of producing and exchanging erotic images online / Capturar e enviar nudes: as torções morais, prazeres e perigos de produzir e trocar imagens eróticas online / Capturar y enviar nudes: las torsiones morales, placeres y peligros de producir e intercambiar imágenes eróticas online

Abstract In this article, I reflect on the polysemy involved in the registration, sending and circulation (authorised or not) of nude digital photographs. I propose that this practice the discourses it entails should be thought both in terms of "a new twist in visuality regimes, a transition towards new ways of seeing, living and symbolising one's own and others' bodily nudity" (Sibilia, 2015, p. 42) and as an articulator of the "limits of sexuality" (Gregori, 2016). This involves flexions in the social classifications that organise sexual norms as acceptable or reprehensible and a complex dispute about the expansion of, and restrictions to, the boundaries between consent and abuse, norm and transgression, legitimate and immoral, healthy and violent.

Resumo Neste artigo reflito sobre a polissemia envolvida no registro, envio e circulação (autorizada ou não) de nus fotográficos digitais. Proponho que esta prática e os discursos que ela implica sejam pensados tanto em termos de "uma nova reviravolta nos regimes de visualidade, uma transição para novas formas de ver, viver e simbolizar a própria nudez corporal e a dos outros" (Sibilia, 2015, p. 42) e como articulador dos "limites da sexualidade" (Gregori, 2016). Isto envolve flexões nas classificações sociais que organizam as normas sexuais como aceitáveis ou repreensíveis e uma disputa complexa sobre a expansão e as restrições às fronteiras entre consentimento e abuso, norma e transgressão, legítimo e imoral, saudável e violento.

Resumen En este artículo reflexiono sobre algunos aspectos de la polisemia involucrada en el registro, envío y circulación (autorizada o no) de fotografías digitales de desnudos. Propongo que esta práctica (así como los discursos que conlleva) sea pensada tanto en términos de "un nuevo giro en los regímenes de visualidad, una transición hacia nuevas formas de ver, vivir y simbolizar la desnudez corporal propia y ajena" (Sibilia , 2015, p. 42) y como articulador de los "límites de la sexualidad" (Gregori, 2016), al flexionar las clasificaciones sociales que organizan las normatividades sexuales entre lo aceptable y lo reprobable. Esto involucra una compleja disputa entre la ampliación y la restricción de los límites entre el consentimiento y el abuso, la norma y la transgresión, lo legítimo y lo inmoral, lo sano y lo violento.

Discapacidad intelectual y derechos sexuales: revisión narrativa de la literatura / Intellectual Disability and Sexual Rights: Narrative Review of the Literature / Deficiência intelectual e direitos sexuais: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Introducción: Se requiere contar con referentes éticos y conceptuales para fortalecer la educación sexual de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Objetivo: Caracterizar, desde los derechos sexuales, los estudios sobre sexualidad de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Métodos: Revisión narrativa, analizando 34 estudios publicados entre 2008 y 2022. Se presenta una panorámica basada en la investigación global, a fin de ampliar la comprensión de las realidades implicadas en la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad desde una mirada de derechos. Resultados: Surgieron, a partir del análisis, cuatro temáticas generales: "Las personas con discapacidad intelectual frente a la sexualidad y la reproducción", "Relaciones afectivas", "Actitudes y percepciones de familias y proveedo-res de servicios" y "Problemáticas de salud sexual y salud reproductiva en la discapacidad intelectual". Se develan desigualdades de género y una tensión entre la perspectiva proteccionista y la de derechos en el abordaje a la sexualidad de este grupo humano. Conclusiones: En la educación sexual es necesario trabajar en el cambio de paradigmas, entendiendo que es una estrategia importante que las personas con discapacidad intelectual se empoderen sobre sus derechos sexuales para enfrentar la exclusión, el abuso sexual y la violencia en este ámbito

Introduction: It is necessary to have ethical and conceptual references to strengthen the sexual edu-cation of people with intellectual disabilities. Objective: Carry out a characterization, from sexual rights, of studies on the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities.Methods: A narrative review was carried out, analyzing 34 studies published between 2008 and 2022. An overview is presented based on global research seeking to broaden the understanding of the realities involved in the sexuality of people with disabilities from a rights perspective. Results: Four general themes emerged from the analysis: "People with intellectual disabilities facing sexuality and reproduction," "Affective relationships," "Attitudes and perceptions of families and service providers" and "Problems of sexual health and health reproductive in intellectual disability." Gender inequalities and a tension between the protectionist perspective and the rights perspective are revealed in the approach to the sexuality of this human group. Conclusions: In sexual education it is necessary to work on changing paradigms, understanding that the empowerment of people with intellectual disabilities about their sexual rights is an important strategy to deal with exclusion, sexual abuse and violence in this area.

Introdução: São necessárias referências éticas e conceituais para fortalecer a educação sexual para pessoas com deficiências intelectuais. Objetivo: Caracterizar, a partir de uma perspectiva de direitos sexuais, estudos sobre a sexualidade de pessoas com deficiências intelectuais. Métodos: revisão narrativa, analisando 34 estudos publicados entre 2008 e 2022. É apresentada uma visão geral baseada em pesquisas globais para ampliar a compreensão das realidades envolvidas na sexualidade de pessoas com deficiência a partir de uma perspectiva baseada em direitos. Resultados: Quatro temas gerais emergiram da análise: "Pessoas com deficiência intelectual em relação à sexualidade e à reprodução", "Relacionamentos afetivos", "Atitudes e percepções das famí-lias e dos prestadores de serviços" e "Questões de saúde sexual e reprodutiva na deficiência intelec-tual". Foram reveladas as desigualdades de gênero e a tensão entre a perspectiva protecionista e a dos direitos na abordagem da sexualidade desse grupo humano. Conclusões: Na educação sexual, é necessário trabalhar na mudança de paradigmas, entendendo que essa é uma estratégia importante para que as pessoas com deficiência intelectual se empoderem sobre seus direitos sexuais, a fim de enfrentar a exclusão, o abuso sexual e a violência nesse campo.

Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos nos Protocolos Profissionais sobre HIV/Aids / Sexual Rights and Reproductive Rights in Professional Protocols on HIV/AIDS / Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos en Protocolos Profesionales sobre VIH/SIDA

O trabalho em saúde no campo do HIV/Aids requer uma abordagem interdisciplinar e tem como desafios fundamentais a adesão da população aos métodos e medidas de prevenção e tratamento, assim como a efetivação do acesso e da integralidade na assistência, o enfrentamento à discriminação e à estigmatização das populações-chave e das pessoas que vivem com HIV. Além disso, ele mobiliza questões complexas relacionados à sexualidade e ao exercício da autonomia cidadã. Tendo isso em vista, analisamos neste trabalho dezoito protocolos clínicos que instruem a atuação profissional na assistência ao HIV/Aids, pautando temas a serem abordados e procedimentos para qualificar o atendimento. Realizamos uma revisão integrativa buscando elucidar o entendimento dos diretos sexuais e reprodutivos presente nestes documentos. Com a síntese dos resultados obtidos, organizamos três categorias a partir das quais são desenvolvidos a temática dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: vulnerabilidade; autonomia; gênero e diversidade sexual. Concluímos que os tópicos da vulnerabilidade, reiteradamente abordado, e da sexualidade, que coloca progressivamente em questão a desnaturalização dos papéis sociais de gênero, buscam convergir aspectos sociais, culturais e individuais, indicando um aprimoramento das práticas de promoção de autonomia e a efetivação dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos na assistência ao HIV/Aids.

Health work in the field of HIV/AIDS requires an interdisciplinary approach and has as fundamental challenges the population's adherence to prevention and treatment methods and measures, as well as the effective access and integrality in assistance, and the struggle against discrimination and stigmatization of key-populations and people living with HIV. In addition, it mobilizes complex issues related to sexuality and the exercise of citizenship autonomy. Considering this, we analyzed in this work eighteen clinical protocols that guide professional performance in HIV/AIDS care, organizing themes and procedures to qualify the care. We performed an integrative review to elucidate the understanding of sexual and reproductive rights present in these documents. With the synthesis of the results obtained, we organized three categories from which the theme of sexual and reproductive rights is developed: vulnerability; autonomy; gender and sexual diversity. We conclude that the topics of vulnerability, repeatedly addressed, and sexuality, which progressively questions the naturalization of social gender roles, try to converge social, cultural and individual aspects, indicating an improvement of practices that promotes sexual and reproductive autonomy and enforcement of rights in HIV/AIDS care.

El trabajo en salud en el campo del VIH/SIDA requiere un abordaje interdisciplinario y tiene como desafíos fundamentales la adhesión de la población a los métodos y medidas de prevención y tratamiento, así como el acceso efectivo y la atención integral, combatiendo la discriminación y estigmatización de las poblaciones-clave y de las personas que viven con el VIH. Además, moviliza temas complejos relacionados con la sexualidad y el ejercicio de la autonomía ciudadana. Considerando eso, analizamos dieciocho protocolos clínicos que orientan la actuación profesional en la atención al VIH/SIDA, orientando temas a ser abordados y procedimientos para calificar la atención. Realizamos una revisión integrativa buscando elucidar la comprensión de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos presente en estos documentos. Con la síntesis de los resultados obtenidos, organizamos tres categorías con las cuales se desarrolla la temática de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos: vulnerabilidad; autonomía; género y diversidad sexual. Concluimos que los temas vulnerabilidad, repetidamente abordado, y sexualidad, que progresivamente cuestiona la naturalización de los roles sociales de género, buscan converger aspectos sociales, culturales e individuales, indicando una mejora de las prácticas de promoción de la autonomía y la efectuación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en la atención del VIH/SIDA.

'Missing the point': A conversation with Sonia Corrêa about the emergence and complexities of anti-gender politics at the intersections of human rights and health.

Reproductive and sexual health policies have long mobilised religious and political forces. In this interview conducted in September of 2021, Brazilian feminist activist and researcher Sonia Corrêa guides us through a genealogy of anti-gender politics showing how they have been grounded in carefully crafted discourses about rights and gender that hinge on interpretations of the 'original' intent as ascribed in 'founding' documents such as the bible. In her overview of the transnational connections and ramifications of anti-gender politics, Corrêa provides a critical analysis of their geopolitical connections and the disastrous effects they've had on sexual, reproductive and social rights. In highlighting the problems with naming anti-gender politics as 'anti-rights' and dismissing the strength and complexity of the forces behind them, Corrêa alerts us to the depth of their roots and urgent need for a shift in strategy to fight them.

Impact of Canadian human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law on experiences of violence from sexual partners among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Canada: Implications for sexual rights.

OBJECTIVES: People living with human immunodeficiency virus in Canada can face criminal charges for human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure before sex, unless a condom is used and their viral load is <1500 copies/mL. We measured the reported impact of human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law on violence from sexual partners among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Canada. METHODS: We used cross-sectional survey data from wave 3 participant visits (2017-2018) within Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study; a longitudinal, community-based cohort of women living with human immunodeficiency virus in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Our primary outcome was derived from response to the statement: '[HIV non-disclosure case law has] increased my experiences of verbal/physical/sexual violence from sexual partners'. Participants responding 'strongly agree/agree' were deemed to have experienced increased violence due to the law. Participants responding 'not applicable' (i.e. those without sexual partners) were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors independently associated with increased violence from sexual partners due to human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law. RESULTS: We included 619/937 wave 3 participants. Median age was 46 (interquartile range: 39-53) and 86% had experienced verbal/physical/sexual violence in adulthood. Due to concerns about human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law, 37% had chosen not to have sex with a new partner, and 20% had disclosed their human immunodeficiency virus status to sexual partners before a witness. A total of 21% self-reported that human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law had increased their experiences of verbal/physical/sexual violence from sexual partners. In adjusted analyses, women reporting non-White ethnicity (Indigenous; African/Caribbean/Black; Other), unstable housing and high human immunodeficiency virus-related stigma had significantly higher odds of reporting increased violence from sexual partners due to human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law. CONCLUSION: Findings bolster concerns that human immunodeficiency virus criminalization is a structural driver of intimate partner violence, compromising sexual rights of women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Human immunodeficiency virus non-disclosure case law intersects with other oppressions to regulate women's sexual lives.

The Sexual and Parenting Rights of People with Physical and Psychical Disabilities: Attitudes of Italians and Socio-Demographic Factors Involved in Recognition and Denial.

The sexual and parenting rights (SPRs) of people with disabilities (PwDs) are under-recognized. Sociodemographic factors may influence attitudes towards them. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the levels of agreement of a sample of Italian people with some SPRs of PwDs; (2) to inquire if the SPRs of people with psychical disabilities (PwPSYDs) were less recognized than those with physical disabilities (PwPHDs); (3) to verify if sociodemographic characteristics associated with under-recognition. An online anonymous survey was distributed using non-random sampling methods to conduct an inquiry into the level of agreement with statements regarding the SPRs of PwPHDs and PwPSYDs to have satisfying sexuality, to marry, and to adopt children. Answers from 973 Italian participants, aged 18-84 years (71.1% females) were analyzed. At least 70% of respondents declared in favor of the SPRs of PwPHDs. The SPRs of PwPSYDs were always subjected to higher under-recognition. Religiosity, male sex, higher age, and lower education were the factors most often associated with being against the SPRs of PwDs. Improved identification of the less tolerant respondents and the less recognized categories may allow for specific strategies for promoting the recognition of the SPRs for PwDs.

Securing sexual justice for people with intellectual disability: A systematic review and critical appraisal of research recommendations.

BACKGROUND: People with intellectual disability contend with significant restrictions to their sexual expression and partnered relationships. This review examines the types of recommendations scholars offer in their qualitative research involving participants with intellectual disability discussing sexuality and intimate relationships. METHOD: A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 1972 and July 2018 yielded a sample of 26 studies. Thematic analysis was used to taxonomize scholars' recommendations. RESULTS: Six distinct forms of recommendations were identified. The most frequently offered and most strongly emphasized recommendation across studies aimed to change individuals with intellectual disability. In contrast, a minority of studies prioritized engaging individuals as informants, eliciting individuals' wishes, enabling relationships and fostering ideological change. No studies placed the greatest weight on promoting systems change. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations in the literature have predominantly emphasized individual as opposed to environmental changes. I consider the ramifications of this and argue for a reorientation towards systems change.

'Eventually I wanted something more': sexual self-reflections of South African women engaged in transactional sexual relationships with blessers.

The term 'blesser' emerged from social media in South Africa, typically denoting an older man who provides a younger woman with money and/or luxury items in exchange for sex. Within an increasingly consumerist culture, such transactional sexual relationships hold powerful appeal, and remain highly prevalent. An estimated one in three Black South African women have engaged in transactional sex. While these liaisons are associated with negative health outcomes for women, especially in high HIV prevalence settings, attention to how they affect Black women's sexuality is under-studied-especially with respect to emotional and sexual development-an important part of sexual rights and wellbeing. We used qualitative methods to investigate 22 women's experiences with blessers. A sexual rights framework was utilised to explore human rights dimensions. We found women's rights to engage in consensual sex, pursue sexual pleasure and ensure their bodily integrity were compromised. Many participants recognised the psychological costs and limitations of engaging in blesser relationships. Women communicated that they realised such partnerships failed to meet their emotional and relationship needs. Against the backdrop of structural gender inequality, Black South African women's narratives should inform research, programmes and educational interventions aimed at advancing women's sexual development, rights and wellbeing.

Psicologia, saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva: urgências para a formação profissional / Psychology, sexual and reproductive health: urgent topics for vocational training / Psicología, salud sexual y salud reproductiva: necesidades para la formación profesional

A psicologia tem se consolidado, entre outras áreas de atuação, como profissão de saúde. A despeito de reconhecer-se como tal na atenção terciária e na saúde mental, carece pensar como temos construído nossas práticas em outros setores, aqui em destaque a saúde sexual e a saúde reprodutiva. A previsão de que profissionais da psicologia devem compor equipes mínimas de diversas políticas públicas de saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva não se faz perceber diante de lacunas significativas nos currículos disciplinares e nas produções acadêmicas da área. A proposta deste texto é apresentar algumas reflexões produzidas a partir de cenas que acompanhei ao longo dos anos que me dedico a essas questões, desde a graduação até a docência. Compõem as análises situações registradas no desenvolvimento de projetos de extensão e de pesquisa, supervisão de estágio em processos psicossociais, grupos de estudos e da disciplina Psicologia, Saúde Sexual e Saúde Reprodutiva. Pretende-se, a partir dessas cenas, analisar os desafios para consolidar uma práxis psicológica alinhada à defesa dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, bem como o desvelar de modos de escuta que destoam do que a priori deveria ser nosso objetivo central: promoção de cuidado e escuta qualificada. Por fim, proponho alguns parâmetros de organização das nossas ações, desejosa de uma construção que seja cada vez mais partilhada por nossa categoria, orientada pelos direitos humanos e comprometida com a promoção da saúde e da autonomia das usuárias dos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva no Brasil.(AU)

Psychology has been consolidated, among other areas of practice, as a health profession. Regardless of its recognition as such in tertiary care and mental health, we must reflect on how phycologists have built their practices in other sectors, especially regarding sexual and reproductive health. The expectation that psychologists should compose minimum teams of different public policies on sexual and reproductive health, goes unnoticed before the significant gaps in academic programs and production in the field. Given this context, this paper presents some reflections produced from scenes observed over the years that I have been dedicating myself to these issues, from graduation to teaching. The analyzes include situations recorded during extension and research projects, internship supervision in psychosocial processes, study groups and in the Psychology, Sexual Health and Reproductive Health course. Based on these scenes, I analyze the challenges to consolidate a psychological praxis aligned to the defense of sexual and reproductive rights, and unveil ways of listening that deviate from what a priori should be our central objective: promotion of care and qualified listening. Finally, I propose some parameters to organize our actions, hoping for a construction that is increasingly shared by our category, guided by human rights and committed to promoting the health and autonomy of users of sexual and reproductive health services in Brazil.(AU)

La psicología se ha consolidado, entre otras áreas de actividad, como una profesión sanitaria. A pesar de ser reconocida como tal en el tercer nivel de atención y salud mental, es necesario pensar cómo hemos construido nuestras prácticas en otros sectores, con énfasis en la salud sexual y salud reproductiva. La estimación de que los profesionales de la psicología deban conformar equipos mínimos de las diversas políticas públicas en salud sexual y reproductiva no lleva en consideración que hay importantes vacíos en los currículos disciplinares y la producción académica en el área. El propósito de este texto es presentar algunas reflexiones a partir de escenarios que he seguido a lo largo de los años en que me he dedicado a estos temas desde la graduación hasta la docencia. Los análisis abarcan situaciones registradas en el desarrollo de proyectos de extensión e investigación, supervisión de pasantías en procesos psicosociales, grupos de estudio y de la disciplina Psicología, Salud Sexual y Salud Reproductiva. A partir de estos escenarios se pretende analizar los desafíos para la consolidación de una praxis psicológica alineada con la defensa de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, así como el develamiento de formas de escucha que se alejan de lo que a priori debería ser nuestro objetivo central: la promoción del cuidado y la escucha cualificada. Por último, propongo algunos requisitos para la organización de nuestras acciones, con el fin de que haya una construcción cada vez más compartida en nuestro sector, basada en los derechos humanos y comprometida en la promoción de la salud y la autonomía de las usuarias de los servicios de salud mental y reproductiva en Brasil.(AU)

Contents of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Subject in the Undergraduate Nursing Curricula of Spanish Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing students must receive adequate training in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), which could allow them to acquire sufficient knowledge to solve the future SRH needs of everyone. In this study, the contents of the SRH subject in the undergraduate nursing curricula of 77 Spanish universities were examined to determine what SRH training nursing students are receiving. METHODS: The contents of the SRH subject of all the curricula that were available online were reviewed. The distribution of the contents (topics) in the two areas (reproductive health and sexual health) was analyzed, and the prevalence of each topic was established. It was also determined whether there were differences between public (n = 52) and private universities (n = 25). RESULTS: The training of nursing students focuses mainly on the area of Reproductive Health (15 topics). Most of the topics of this area had a prevalence greater than 50%. Although the area of Sexual Health had 14 topics, most of these topics had a low prevalence (<20%), especially in private universities. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that there is considerable variation in the distribution and prevalence of SRH topics between universities. The contents of the area of Reproductive Health are usually prevalent in most of the curricula. However, the contents of the area of Sexual Health are minimal in most of the universities. An organizational effort is required to determine and standardize the contents of SRH that nursing students should receive in Spain to avoid inequalities in their training. Guaranteeing homogeneous SRH contents will avoid deficit situations that could affect people's care.