Self-report psychopathy-III facet scores predict sexual crimes, sexual preferences, and sexual deviance index validity more precisely than total scores.

Understanding the profiles of sexual offenders, such as the presence of psychopathic traits, is key to preventing future sexual crimes. The self-report psychopathy-III (SRP-III) is a tool used to assess the characteristics of psychopathy, but improvements on its interpretation are required to maximize its precision. The SRP-III can be interpreted by examining the scores on each of the four facets (interpersonal manipulation, callous affect, erratic lifestyle, antisocial behavior), on each of two factors (factor 1, factor 2), or by examining the total score. Here, we investigate the interpretation of the results from the SRP-III using these three approaches of analysis of the data for predicting types of sexual crimes, sexually deviant preferences (measured via PPG), and the validity of the sexual deviance results. Logistic regressions were carried out using either the four facets, two factors, or the total score of the SRP-III. Data were previously obtained from 198 Canadian men who were convicted of, or who admitted to committing, at least one sexual crime, or who reported experiencing sexually deviant fantasies. We also examined the point-biserial correlations between each of the methods of interpreting the SRP-III results and each of the dependent variables. We find that SRP-III facet scores most precisely predict types of sexual crimes, sexually deviant preferences, and sexual deviance index validity, followed by SRP-III factor scores, and lastly SRP-III total scores. Additionally, significant correlations are only found between SRP-III scores and one dependent variable. Potential reasons for this are discussed. Based on these findings, we recommend that future studies consider facet and factor scores in addition to the standard practice of examining total scores.

Forensic aspects of condom evidence: Analysis, interpretation, and recent trends.

In recent years, collection and analysis of condom evidence in sexual assault investigations are becoming more common in forensic caseworks. Condom analysis can provide investigative leads or establish potential contact between the suspect and victim in the absence of DNA evidence or supplement biological evidence. Recent forensic literature shows significant advancements in the analysis of condom lubricants, including casework samples. There is an increasing trend in the use of chemometric tools for the comparison and interpretation of the results. This review highlights the advances in common analytical techniques used for the analysis of condom lubricants with a particular focus on the developments occurring in recent years, including chemometric interpretation. The analysis of reference and casework samples (swab samples, samples on skin, clothing and fingermark) are discussed separately. For casework samples, the transfer and persistence of different lubricant formulations are discussed, along with their detection with various analytical approaches. The issues with the interpretation of lubricants are also discussed in another section, with particular emphasis on samples such as personal hygiene products which have similar formulations with sexual lubricants and the interpretation of negative profiles. The current challenges in the field and prospects for future research are also discussed.

A Criminological Perspective on the Sexual Victimization of Older Adults.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review presents recent research on the sexual abuse of older adults and examines this phenomenon from a criminological perspective. Much of the previous work has neglected to consider the entirety of the crime-commission process. Therefore, the work highlighted in this review showcases important information regarding the individual who committed the crime, the victim, and the criminal event as a whole. RECENT FINDINGS: Comparative studies suggest that the motivations of people who commit sexually victimize older adults are vast and can include those that are sexually and anger motivated, while the victims present with unique vulnerabilities, such as disabilities and spending most of their time at home, that make them more susceptible to excessive violence. People who commit sexual abuse against older adults are a heterogenous group, and the context of victim vulnerabilities is key to understanding why they are targeted. Specific prevention and investigative practices can be formed to better address this crime and protect older adults from future victimization.

Experimental Effects of Substance Use Legality (Sober, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine) and Sexual Crime (Indecent Exposure, Rape) on Attributions of Perpetrator Responsibility, Blame, and Punishment.

Background: The perceived culpability of a sexual crime perpetrator may be attributed as a function of both the legality of the substance used when committing the crime and the severity of the sex crime. Objectives: The experiment applied attribution theory to examine the simultaneous impact of substance use legality and sexual crime severity on participants' perceptions of responsibility, blame, and punishment toward sexual crime perpetrators. Methods: Participants (N = 461) in this 4 (substance legality) × 2 (sexual crime severity) experimental design were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions to read a police report depicting a sexual offense. The independent variable of substance legality was manipulated as the perpetrator's usage of no substance (sober), alcohol (legal), marijuana (partially legal), or cocaine (illegal) at the time of the crime. The second independent variable of sexual crime severity was manipulated as the offense of indecent exposure (mild offense) or rape (severe offense) committed by the perpetrator. After reading the manipulated vignette, participants rated outcome measures involving the perpetrator's responsibility, blame (guilt attributions, external attributions, and mental element attributions), and punishment (punishment attitudes and punishment severity). Results: Factorial MANCOVA and ANCOVAs were performed. Participants tended to attribute greater responsibility and blame, but not punishment, toward the sober perpetrator compared to the perpetrator intoxicated with alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine. Additionally, participants attributed significantly greater responsibility, blame, and punishment toward the perpetrator of rape compared to indecent exposure. Conclusions: The experiment supported that both substance legality and sexual crime severity uniquely served as contextual factors that played roles in people's judgments about crimes. Findings offer drug policy information regarding how substance intoxication is perceived as a mitigating excuse in criminal justice systems for committing sexual offenses.

Indicators of Eating Disorders in Sexually Abused Brazilian Adolescents: Family and School Contexts.

Eating disorders, characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, are among a wide variety of psychiatric conditions that mainly affect children and adolescents. These disorders have a multifactorial origin and can be associated with restrictive diets, negative feelings, harmful family relationships, and post-traumatic stress. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the association between indicators of eating disorders and family and school contexts in Brazilian adolescents who previously experienced sexual abuse and examine the findings based on sex. National School Health Survey data were utilized. Among 102,301 students between 11 and 19 years of age, 4124 reported having experienced sexual abuse and were included in this study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess participants' health status and the presence of risk behaviors, which were examined through multivariate analysis using a Poisson regression model. The results indicated positive relationships between self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and other purgative methods and infrequent meals with family, hunger, and the presence of violence in students' daily lives, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). In addition, body dissatisfaction and negative feelings about one's body were associated with having been bullied or teased by schoolmates for both sexes (p < 0.05). Distant relationships with parents were associated with purgative methods and body dissatisfaction among female students (p < 0.05). In conclusion, body dissatisfaction, negative feelings about one's body, laxative misuse, self-induced vomiting, and purgative methods were found to be associated with factors in family and school contexts such as hunger, infrequent meals with family, family violence, distant relationships with parents, and bullying at school in adolescents who have previously experienced sexual abuse.

Condiciones de vida, violencia sexual y sintomatología psiquiátrica de mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano: estudio de corte transversal en Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo: Evaluar el fenómeno de violencia sexual y condición de vida de mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado, asentadas en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de corte transversal, tipo encuesta poblacional, realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo del 2020, en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, tipo de delitos sufridos en el conflicto armado y factores relacionados, además de antecedentes o presencia de sintomatología psiquiátrica asociada a los eventos traumáticos. A través de análisis descriptivo, se caracterizó las condiciones de vida actuales de las participantes y se exploraron asociaciones entre la condición de violencia sexual y sintomatología psiquiátrica, por medio de Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: Participaron 215 mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 40 años y desplazadas principalmente del departamento de Bolívar (55%). El 85% eran amas de casa y solo el 60% tiene vivienda propia, encontrándose más del 65% del total de las viviendas en zonas de riesgo por inundación. Por lo menos el 35% habían sufrido discriminación de género, racial o habían sido víctima de violencia sexual. Aproximadamente la mitad de la muestra declaró padecer insomnio, ansiedad y depresión. El 40% mencionó haber tenido pensamientos suicidas y solo 1 de cada 5 mujeres recibió apoyo psicológico. Haber sido secuestrada (OR 4,71; IC 95%, 1,05-21,07), perseguida (OR 3,33; IC 95%, 1,61-6,89) y abusada sexualmente (OR 3,09; IC 95%, 1,60-5,96), son hechos que se asociaron de forma sostenida y significativa con sintomatología psiquiátrica. Conclusión: Las mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano asentadas en Cartagena, presentan condiciones de vida inestables, no han recibido la ayuda adecuada de redes de apoyo, han sido discriminadas por su etnia, género y condición de víctima, y tienen una prevalencia elevada de sintomatología psiquiátrica asociada a los hechos traumáticos vividos.

Objective: To evaluate the phenomenon of sexual violence and the living conditions of Afro-Colombian women victims of the armed conflict, who lives in city of Cartagena, Colombia. Materials and methods: Prospective cross-sectional study, population-based survey type, conducted between September 2019 and March 2020, in the city of Cartagena, Colombia. Sociodemographic variables, type of crimes suffered in the armed conflict and related factors were evaluated, as well as history or presence of psychiatric symptoms associated with traumatic events. Through descriptive analysis, it was characterized the current living conditions of the participants; and also explored associations between the condition of sexual violence and psychiatric symptomatology, through Odds Ratio (OR). Results: 215 women participated, with a median age of 40 years and displaced mainly from the department of Bolívar (55%). 85% percent were housewives and only 60% have their own house, with more than 65% of the total number of houses located in flood risk areas. 35% had suffered gender or racial discrimination or had been victims of sexual violence. Approximately half of the sample reported suffering from insomnia, anxiety and depression. 40% mentioned having had suicidal thoughts and only 1 in 5 women received psychological support. Having been kidnapped (OR 4.71; 95% CI, 1.05-21.07), persecuted (OR 3.33; 95% CI, 1.61-6.89) and sexually abused (OR 3.09; 95% CI, 1.60-5.96), are events that were consistently and significantly associated with psychiatric symptomatology. Conclusion: The Afro-Colombian women victims of the Colombian armed conflict who lives in Cartagena, present unstable living conditions, have not received adequate help from support networks, have been discriminated against because of their ethnicity, gender and victim status, and have a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms associated with the traumatic events experienced.

Rape Culture, Revictimization, and Social Representations: Images and Discourses on Sexual and Violent Crimes in the Digital Sphere in Mexico.

The digital sphere has become a space in which misogyny-laden discourses are constantly presented. In fact, in Mexico persists a rape culture that justifies violent acts against women and blames the victims of the crimes through social opinions. The present study proposed an approach based on the Theory of Social Representations. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the discourses that emerge in the digital sphere when users give their opinion on five types of crimes against women: femicide, rape, enforced disappearance, abuse, and sexual harassment. The results revealed that there are four types of discourse (representations) framed within rape culture: disbelief of rape, blaming the victim, revictimization, and disempowering women. It is concluded that Mexican society maintains a representation that stereotypes and devalues the image of women, which allows us to understand the aggressions that women suffer in their daily lives.

Periculosidade e características da personalidade em autores de violência sexual / DANGEROUSNESS AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN SEXUAL OFFENDERS / PELIGROSIDAD Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA PERSONALIDAD EN AUTORES DE LA VIOLENCIA SEXUAL

The aim of the article was to analyze the dangerousness and personality characteristics of perpetrators of sexual violence (SVA). 69 inmates who participated in this study were serving time for sexual crimes in a closed regime and were divided into two groups: SVA convicted of victimizing children (G1) (n = 41) and SVA convicted of victimizing adolescents and adults (G2) (N = 28 ). The collected data derived from the reading of the criminal case and the application of the Rorschach test in the Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). For data analysis, a variable called dangerousness was created, through the principal component factor analysis, using criminal profile variables, to verify the correlation between the R-PAS variables and the participants' riskiness. Comparisons were also made between the groups. The results showed that the greater the danger, the greater the use of intellectualization as a defense mechanism, in order not to deal directly and realistically with aspects that generate emotional or social anguish. In addition, G2 showed a higher degree of danger.

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a periculosidade e as características de personalidade de autores de vio-lência sexual (AVS). Participaram deste estudo 69 reeducandos que cumpriam pena por crimes sexuais em regime fechado, divididos em dois grupos: AVS condenados por vitimizar crianças (G1) (n = 41) e AVS con-denados por vitimizar adolescentes e adultos (G2) (N = 28). Os dados coletados derivaram da leitura do processo criminal e da aplicação do teste de Rorschach no Sistema de Avaliação por Desempenho (R-PAS). Para a análise dos dados, criou-se uma variável denominada periculosidade, por meio da análise fatorial de componente principal, mediante variáveis do perfil criminal, para verificar a correlação entre as variá-veis do R-PAS e a periculosidade dos participantes. Também foram realizadas comparações entre os gru-pos. Os resultados apontaram que quanto maior é a periculosidade, maior é o uso da intelectualização como mecanismo de defesa, para não lidar de modo direto e realista com aspectos que geram angústia emocional ou social. Além disso, o G2 revelou maior grau de periculosidade.

El objetivo del artículo fue analizar la peligrosidad y las características de personalidad de autores de vio-lencia sexual (AVS). Participaron de este estudio 69 reeducandos que cumplían condena por crímenes sexuales en régimen cerrado, divididos en dos grupos: AVS que victimizaron niños (G1) (n = 41) y AVS por adolescentes y adultos (G2) (n = 28). Los datos recogidos derivaron de la lectura del proceso criminal y de la aplicación del test de Rorschach en el sistema de evaluación por performance (R-PAS). Para el análisis de los datos, se creó una variable denominada peligrosidad por medio del análisis factorial de componente principal, mediante variables del perfil criminal, para verificar la correlación entre las variables del R-PAS y la peligrosidad de los participantes. También fueron realizadas comparaciones entre los grupos. Los re-sultados apuntaron que, cuanto mayor es la peligrosidad, mayor es el uso de la intelectualización como mecanismo de defensa, para no lidiar de modo directo y realista con aspectos que generan angustia emo-cional o social. Además de eso, el G2 reveló mayor grado de peligrosidad.

Child sexual exploitation material offenders, one-size-fits-all for? Exploring tailored clinical dimensions based on cognitive and behavioural criminogenic factors.

BACKGROUND: Interventions for individuals involved in sexual offending behaviours are likely to be more effective if adapted to focus on their specific characteristics, suggesting that men who engage in sexual offences against children over the Internet should be treated differently from those who have actual physical contact against children. AIMS: The goal of this study is to explore possible associations between the criminogenic cognitions and behaviours of men using online child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) and variables relevant to intervention. We hypothesised that antisocial tendencies, sexual, emotional and relational problems and self-regulation problems, as well as cognitive distortions would be associated with CSEM use. METHOD: Ninety-eight men who had been convicted of at least one online CSEM-related offence, but no child contact sexual offences, at any time between 2001 and 2020 were recruited in the province of Quebec (Canada). Cases were reviewed to identify cognitive and behavioural criminogenic factors according to a coding sheet developed after reference to prior literature. Variables were extracted from official criminal records, sexological and psychological reports, as well as investigative and forensic reports and interviews. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify potentially relevant dimensions. RESULTS: Analysis confirmed five distinct factors which, together, accounted for 60% of the variance: dissocial traits, dysfunctional intimacy, passive alienation (internalised sense of alienation), normless alienation (social norms experienced as alien) and coping with threat. CONCLUSION: Because online CSEM-related offenders present heterogeneous risks and needs, a 'one-size-fits-all' intervention is unlikely to be optimal for most of them. Our findings suggest a way of classifying risks and needs to facilitate more focused interventions. Future research should evaluate the relative effectiveness of general interventions compared to those tailored towards the dimensions of risks and needs identified in this study.

Establishing the Social and Legal Categories for "Girls" and "Girl Children".

This article examines whether a clearer lexical and conceptual distinction between the various stages of development, from birth to adulthood, is required to better recognize and protect the needs of the young female population affected by armed conflict. Using intersectional feminist theory, this analysis proposes a reflection on the use of a more precise definition and conceptualization of the term girls and girl children, as two distinct age stages with distinct physical and psychological development.

Prospect of using schema therapy in working with sex offenders. / Perspektywa zastosowania terapii schematów w pracy ze sprawcami przestepstw seksualnych.

The search for effective methods of treating sex offenders is essential in order to reduce the risk of their subsequent sexual offences. This article presents Jeffrey Young's concept of Schema Therapy with a discussion on the appropriateness of its use in the treatment of those who engage in problematic sexual behaviour directed against sexual freedom. Such behaviours are prohibited by law and are connected to committing crimes set out in Chapter XXV of the Penal Code (including rape, exploitation of helplessness, abuse of dependence relation, sexual act with a minor under 15 years of age). The article presents the main assumptions of schema therapy. Then, with reference to the main assumptions of this therapeutic approach, a theoretical model of schema therapy in the context of violent sexual behaviour is proposed and discussed. The authors also attempted to analyze the mechanism of formation and perpetuation of deviant criminal behaviors in the context of key constructs of this approach, such as: early maladaptive schemas, schema modes, and coping styles. As Schema Therapy has proven to be effective in treating chronic personality aspects of disorders, often underlying the sexual pathology of the sex offenders, this approach seems to be a promising trend for such a difficult population of people.

Prevalence of sexual abuse and its association with health-risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents: A populational study.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of sexual abuse has usually been neglected in research at developing countries despite its everlasting consequences. This study examined the prevalence of sexual abuse among Brazilian adolescents according to data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) and analyzed it based on Brazilian regions, sociodemographic aspects, health information, and health-risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents who reported having experienced sexual abuse previously. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The PeNSE data were utilized, and the sample included 102,072 students from all over Brazil, aged between 11 and 19 years. METHODS: Data were collected by questionnaires and were analyzed by multivariate analysis using the Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The results denoted a relation between sexual abuse, social determinants of health variables (i.e., black, indigenous, and mixed skin color/ethnicity; Brazilian region public school, age between 15 and 18 years, and low education level of the mother), and health-risk behaviors (i.e., early sexual intercourse, having multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs). CONCLUSION: Therefore, reports of sexual abuse are associated with risky behaviors. Given these findings, targeted interventions on sexual abuse are essential for the health of adolescents and the prevention of risky behaviors, and can also facilitate programs to prevent sexual abuse.

DEPRIVATION OF REPRODUCTIVE RIGHT OF SEX OFFENDERS: SOCIAL OPINION AND LEGISLATIVE REGULATION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the social demand for the need to discriminate against perpetrators of sexual crimes by depriving them of reproductive rights. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors of the research used the legislation of various world countries, scientific papers, caselaw, the provisions of international legal acts, in particular, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The authors of the research used a complex set of general and special methods of cognition such as dialectical, comparative, analytical, generalization method, statistical and sociological method (questionnaire method). RESULTS: Results: The survey conducted by the authors highlights the attitude of physicians and law enforcement officials (100 people) to the sterilization of criminals as a measure necessary to prevent the commission of sexual crimes both by such persons and by others who are prone to committing such crimes but will refrain from their commission due to the fear of sterilization. The questionnaire shows the gap between awareness and recognition of natural human rights such as the right to reproduce and the desire to deprive a certain deviant category of people of this right for their safety. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Based on the conducted analysis, the authors have formulated that there is currently a great social demand for radical measures to prevent the commission of sexual crimes by sterilizing those who committed such crimes. At the same time, the legislation of some countries also embodies such a desire of society in the relevant norms and provides the use of sterilization of criminals for special and general prevention of crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability. The research also demonstrates the erroneousness of this approach and proves the inadmissibility and medical inexpediency of depriving perpetrators of sexual crimes of their reproductive rights.

[The role (meaning) of forensic medical examination in determining violent sexual assaults]. / Rol' (znachenie) sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertizy v kvalifikatsii nasil'stvennykh seksual'nykh prestuplenii.

The article deals with the problem of elaborating rules how to determine violent sexual assaults depending on the injury caused. The rules have been determined by means of studying criminal case files, research works in criminal law, aspects of medicine and forensic expert activities, and by comparing of possible situations and the approaches towards the determining of crimes which existed in the theory of criminal law. It is determined that the character and the degree of harm to the health resulting from criminal assault or violent sexual assaults impact the differentiation of criminal liability.

Identificación de criterios de orden legal y científico en el derecho probatorio del sistema penal que incidieron en el proferimiento de sentencias de los enjuiciados por delitos sexuales entre el 2009-2010 en dos municipios del Valle del Cauca / Identification of criteria of legal and scientific nature in the probative law of the criminal system having influenced the delivery of judgments and the passing of sentences for those having been prosecuted or tried for sexual crimes during 2009-2010 in two Valle del Cauca municipalities / Identificação de critérios para a ordem jurídica e científica no direito probatório do sistema de justiça criminal que afetaram o proferimento das sentenças dos processados por ofensas sexuais entre 2009-2010 em dois municípios de Valle del Cauca

El objetivo fue identificar los criterios de orden legal y científico en el derecho probatorio del sistema penal que incidieron en el proferimiento de sentencias de los enjuiciados por delitos sexuales entre el 2009-2010 en dos municipios del Valle del Cauca. El método utilizado consistió en el estudio de casos en 21 fallos entre el 2009-2010, con aplicación de variables sociodemográficas, médicolegales/ científico-forenses utilizadas para la descripción de los casos. En los análisis realizados en SPSS, se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, posición y dispersión a los datos cuantitativos, y a los cualitativos se les calcularon proporciones y razones. Se usó el test de chi cuadrado y un valor de p ≤=0,05 fue considerado como significante. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que las mujeres entre 5-14 años fueron las más afectadas, y sus agresores, prevalentes familiares. La mayoría de los casos fueron actos sexuales abusivos, dos de acto sexual agravado en concurso homogéneo y heterogéneo. El informe médico-legal estuvo en todas las sentencias, y le siguió, en orden de frecuencia, el de psicología forense. Los ausentes en su mayor proporción fueron los de biología o genética forense. La investigación realizada permitió concluir que es tarea de los jueces garantizar la integridad de los menores víctimas de abuso sexual; no obstante, para ello cuentan con poco acervo probatorio científico-forense.

The objective was to identify criteria of legal and scientific nature in the probative law of the criminal system having influenced the delivery of judgments and the passing of sentences for those having been prosecuted or tried for sexual crimes over 2009-2010 in two Valle del Cauca municipalities. The method used involved case studies in 21 court decisions taking place from 2009 through 2010 with the application of socio-demographic, medical-legal/scientific forensic variables used in the respective descriptions. In analyses conducted with SPSS, central trend measures, position and dispersion were calculated for quantitative data, and proportions and rations for those of qualitative nature. The Chi-square test was used, and a p ≤=0.05 value was deemed significant. The results obtained evidenced that females between the ages of 5 through 14 were the most aff ected, aggressors being often family members. Most cases referred to abusive sexual acts, two of them aggravated, in multiple and concomitant combination. In order of frequency, in all judgments there were medicallegal and forensic psychology reports. In a larger proportion, reports concerning biology or forensic-genetics were not available. Research carried out helped conclude that judges should be in charge of ensuring the integrity of minors having been victims of any form of sexual abuse; notwithstanding this responsibility, their probatory material and scientific-forensic evidence on hand are very poor.

O objetivo foi identificar os critérios de ordem legal e científica no dereito probatório do sistema de justiça criminal que afetaram a proferimento das sentenças dos processados por crimes sexuais entre 2009-2010 em dois municípios de Valle del Cauca. O método utilizado foi o estudo de casos em 21 senteças entre 2009-2010, com aplicação de variáveis sociodemográficas médico-legais / científico-forenses, utilizadas na descrição dos casos. Nas análises realizadas no SPSS, as medidas de tendência central, posição e dispersão foram calculadas aos dados quantitativos e proporções e razões foram calculadas aos qualitativos. O teste de qui-quadrado e um valor p ≤=0,05 foi usado e foi considerado como significativo. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres com idade entre 5-14 anos foram as mais afetadas, e seus agressores, prevalentes parentes. A maioria dos casos foram atos sexuais abusivos, dois de ato sexual agravado em concurso homogêneo e heterogêneo. O relatório médico-legal estave em todas as senteças, e seguido, em ordem de freqüência, um de psicologia forense. Os ausentes em maior proporção foram os de biologia ou genética forense. A pesquisa levou à conclusão de que é a tarefa dos juízes garantir a integridade das crianças vítimas de abuso sexual; no entanto, para isso têm pouca evidência forense científica.

Prevención del abuso sexual en una comunidad maya de Yucatán, México: relevancia de las características socioculturales (2014) / Prevention of sexual abuse within a Maya community in Yucatan, Mexico: Relevance of their sociocultural features (2014) / Prevenção do abuso sexual em uma comunidade maia de Yucatan, México: relevância das características socioculturais (2014)

Se presenta parte de un proyecto que consistió en realizar estrategias de prevención de abuso sexual con niños y niñas, a través de medios psicoeducativos acordes con el contexto sociocultural en el que se desenvuelven, con la finalidad de fortalecer sus recursos y mecanismos de autoprotección. El grupo participante estuvo compuesto por 623 niños y niñas entre seis y nueve años, residentes de una comunidad maya. Se realizaron estrategias de acuerdo con ejes de acción pertinentes en materia de prevención y las particularidades de la comunidad, tomando en cuenta la etapa de desarrollo de los participantes. Se encontró que los niños y niñas reconocen factores de riesgo y protección, y de igual forma, las personas a quienes ellos acuden para pedir ayuda se encuentran en su núcleo familiar; también se evidenció la influencia del contexto sociocultural en las respuestas ante las actividades llevadas a cabo. Se concluye que es importante involucrar en las estrategias preventivas a figuras presentes en la cotidianidad de los niños y niñas; se constata la importancia de la educación sexual, así como trabajar con estrategias específicas y acordes con la etapa de desarrollo de los participantes y las características socioculturales de cada comunidad en donde se lleve a cabo un proyecto social.

Part of a project consisting of implementing sexual abuse prevention strategies with boys and girls is presented through psycho-educational means in harmony with the socio-cultural context in which they grow and develop themselves, with an aim to strengthening their self-protection resources and mechanisms. The participant group consisted of 623 children of both genders between the ages of six and nine years residing in a Maya community. Strategies according to relevant main lines of activity ('axes of action') in the field of prevention and the community's peculiarities, taking into account the development stage of the participants. It was found that both. boys and girls are aware of the risk and protection factors and, likewise, they recognize those family unit individuals in their so-called 'nuclear family' they usually turn to for help. Also the influence of the socio-cultural context was evidenced in their responses to the activities carried out. It has been concluded that involving figures present in the everydayness of boys and girls is worth, as well as the importance of sexual education and working with specific strategies according to the children's developmental stage and the sociocultural features of each one of the communities where a social project is taking place.

Apresenta-se parte de um projeto que consistiu em fazer estratégias da prevenção do abuso sexual com meninas e meninos, através dos meios psicoeducativos acordes com o contexto sociocultural em que se desenvolvem, a fim de fortalecer seus recursos e mecanismos da autoproteção. O grupo participante foi composto por 623 meninos e meninas entre seis e nove anos, residentes de uma comunidade maia. Realizaram-se estratégias de acordo com os eixos de ação em matéria da prevenção e os particularidades da comunidade, levando em conta a etapa do desenvolvimento dos participantes. Descobrimos que os meninos e as meninas reconhecem fatores de risco e da proteção e, do mesmo modo, eles acudem as pessoas da sua família nuclear para pedir ajuda; também evidenciou-se a influência do contexto sociocultural nas respostas perante as atividades realizadas. Conclui-se que é importante envolver nas estratégias preventivas as figuras presentes na cotidianidade dos meninos e as meninas; a importância da educação sexual é constatada, assim como trabalhar com estratégias específicas e acordes com a etapa do desenvolvimento dos participantes e das características socioculturais de cada comunidade onde um projeto social é realizado.

Criterios que deben valorar los tribunales cubanos para evaluar la veracidad del testimonio emitido por el menor entre tres y seis años de edad, víctima de abuso sexual / Criteria to be assessed by the Cuban courts to evaluate the veracity of testimonies submitted by sexually abused children between three and six years of age / Os critérios que devem avaliar os tribunais cubanos para avaliar a veracidade do testemunho emitido pelo menor entre três e seis anos de idade, vítima do abuso sexual

En la actualidad, una de las cuestiones más debatidas en relación con el testimonio es la tarea que han de realizar el investigador, el fiscal y los jueces al momento de valorarlo, sobre todo los últimos, en tanto son los responsables de dictar un fallo, acto que resulta trascendental por las consecuencias legales que implica. Lo expresado se aprecia sobre todo cuando se trata de determinar si los descargos de los menores entre tres y seis años de edad, víctimas de abuso sexual, coinciden con la verdad material, por lo que es propósito de la presente investigación determinar los criterios que faciliten realizar dicha labor. El trabajo caracteriza psicológica y socialmente al menor víctima de abuso sexual, por lo que los métodos utilizados son el de análisis y síntesis, y el de deducción-inducción. Las técnicas empleadas son la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de documentos. Como resultados, se determinan los criterios psicosociales que se deben considerar para evaluar la veracidad del testimonio emitido por el menor entre tres y seis años de edad, víctima de abuso sexual.

At present, one of the most widely discussed issues with respect to victims’ testimonies is the task to be carried out by the investigator, the prosecutor and the judges at the time of assessing them, particularly the later since they are those responsible for the rendering of a judgment, and this is a transcendental act given the legal consequences involved. This can be appreciated particularly at the time of determining whether or not the statements of child-abuse victims between three and six years of age do actually match the material truth and, therefore, the purpose of this research consists in determining what criteria may make the task easier. In this work, the child victim of sexual abuse is characterized both psychologically and socially, thus the methods used are analysis and synthesis, and deduction-induction. The techniques employed are bibliographic review and document analysis. As results, the psychosocial criteria to be considered in assessing the veracity of testimonies by children from three to six years old who have fallen victim to sexual abuse are determined.

Atualmente, uma das questões mais debatidas com relação ao testemunho é a tarefa que devem fazer o investigador, o promotor público e os juízes no momento de avaliar, principalmente os juízes, já que são os responsáveis para ditar sentença, o ato que é transcendental pelas consequências legais que implicam. O anterior é evidente quando tenta-se determinar se as declarações dos menores entre três e seis anos de idade, vítimas do abuso sexual, coincidem com a verdade material, razão porque a intenção dessa investigação é determinar os critérios que facilitem realizar esse trabalho. O trabalho carateriza psicologicamente e socialmente a vítima menor do abuso sexual, razão porque os métodos utilizados são a análise e a síntese, e o método da dedução - indução. As técnicas usadas são a revisão bibliográfica e a análise de documentos. Como resultados, determinam-se os critérios psicossociais que devem-se considerar para avaliar a veracidade do testemunho emitido pelo menor entre três e seis anos de idade, vítima do abuso sexual.

Feminicidios en Medellí­n, 2010-2011: conceptualización, caracterización y análisis / Femicídios em Medellín, 2010-2011: conceituação, caracterização e análise / Femicides in Medellin, 2010-2011: Conceptualization, characterization, and analysis

La seguridad de las mujeres es uno de los principales componentes que, en materia de políticas públicas de seguridad y convivencia, se ha incorporado en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Debido a esto ha surgido el debate por la utilización del concepto de feminicidio, para evidenciar aquellos homicidios de mujeres que se presentan en la ciudad por su condición de género, en aras de recordar que las violencias sufridas por las mujeres tienen realidades particulares y desproporcionadas, que las diferencian de las violencias que sufren los hombres. En materia de cubrimiento de los casos que afectan la seguridad pública de las mujeres en Medellín, es necesario que las autoridades reconozcan, comprendan e instituyan el concepto de feminicidio para dar cuenta de una realidad innegable

Women security is one of the main components of public security and coexistence policies incorporated in Medellin, Colombia. For this reason, debates have arisen around the utilization of the femicide concept in order to evidence those gender-based murders of women occurring due to the female condition while bearing in mind that violence acts suffered by women do indeed involve particular and disproportioned realities that differentiate them from violence suffered by men. With regard to the coverage of cases affecting public security of women in Medellin, the authorities are strongly required to acknowledge and understand this undeniable reality and institute the femicide concept in order to act accordingly

A segurança das mulheres é um dos principais componentes que, nas políticas públicas de segurança e de convivência, foi incorporado na cidade de Medellín, na Colômbia. Por isso surgiu o debate pelo uso do conceito de femicídio, para evidenciar os homicídios de mulheres apresentados pela sua condição de gênero, a fim de lembrar que a violência sofrida pelas mulheres tem realidades particulares e desproporcionadas, que diferenciam elas da violência que sofrem os homens. Em termos da cobertura de casos que afetam a segurança pública das mulheres em Medellín, é necessário que as autoridades a reconheçam, compreendam e instituam o conceito do femicídio para dar conta de uma realidade inegável

Sexualidad y drogas: aspectos medicolegales de interés para el médico general integral / Sexuality and drugs: Medical and legal aspects of interest for general doctors

Introducción: Los aspectos médicolegales en relación con la sexualidad y el uso indebido de drogas forman parte de los procedimientos médicolegales y constituyen elementos de especial interés para el trabajo del médico general integral. Objetivo: Motivar la reflexión acerca de los aspectos medicolegales en relación con la sexualidad y el uso de drogas, de interés para el Médico General Integral. Método: Se realizó una revisión comentada sobre las bases conceptuales relacionadas con la sexualidad y el uso indebido de drogas así como de las diferentes situaciones que se pueden presentar con esta asociación. Resultados: Se describen diferentes problemas médicos, sociales, jurídicos y éticos, asociados a la sexualidad y el uso de drogas que repercuten en el hombre como unidad bio-psico-socio-espiritual-cultural. Se explican los delitos que aparecen en el Código Penal cubano, relacionados con la sexualidad que son poco conocidos. Conclusiones: Los efectos dañinos de las drogas sobre la sexualidad, son descritos así como los diferentes tipos de delitos sexuales. Se describen especificidades que el médico debe conocer en relación con la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas, y los delitos sexuales. Se establecen los tipos de violación que pueden darse bajo el efecto de las drogas, así como los efectos propiciados por el efecto desinhibitorio que el alcohol provoca, tales como los embarazos inesperados y las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluyendo el VIH/SIDA. Se recoge el protocolo de actuación para el examen de las presuntas víctimas de delitos sexuales.

Introduction: Several medical legal aspects associated to sexuality and the uses of drugs are part of the medical-legal procedure. It is very important for the Medicine Doctors work. Objective: To provoke the reflection about the problems associated to sexuality and the use of drugs in order to have Medicine Doctors be aware of some legal aspects of interest for their work. Methods: A comment revision about the conceptual basis of the sexuality and the use of drugs, and the several situations with this association was held. Results: Different medical, social, legal and ethical problems associated to sexuality and the use of drugs that have repercussion on man as a biological, social, spiritual and cultural unit, are presented in order to have Medicine Doctors be aware of some legal aspects of interest for their work. It has been made special emphasis in sexual crimes according to the Cuban penal code and how these crimes are defined and classified. Other less known crimes related to sexuality that appear in our penal code are also explained in detail. Conclusions: Are given about the destructive effect of drugs on man's sexuality and the different types of sexual crimes included in the Cuban penal code. The association between alcohol and drug consumption and sexual crimes, types of sexual abuses under drug effects and non-inhibited effects of alcohol propitiating undesired pregnancy and sexual infections including AIDS. The steps to follow according to medical practice during the physical exam of a presumed victim of sexual crime are also recommended in this paper.

Perfil de las víctimas de delitos sexuales valorados en el II trimestre de 2009 en la sección de clínica médico forense / Profile of victims of sexual crimes assessed in the II quarter of 2009 in the forensic medical clinic section

Uno de los componentes más importantes de la violencia social son los delitos sexuales. La Sección de Clínica Médico Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal se encarga de valorar una destacada proporción de los mismos las 24 horas del día, 365 días al año mediante el servicio médico forense ininterrumpido. A continuación se presentan los resultados de una revisión de la base de datos de dicha Sección del 01 de abril al 30 de junio de 2009 de la cual se obtiene el perfil de las víctimas.

One of the most important issue in social violence is sexual crimes. "the Section of Clínica Médico Forense" of "Departamento de Medinica Legal" in Costa Rica is responsible for the atention of one important proportion of these 24 hours during 365 days a year by the continuous medical forensic service. Here are the results of a review from database of this section from the April 01 to June 30 of 2009 which gives the profile of the victims.