Sporotrichosis transmitted by domestic cats: A case report. / Esporotricosis transmitida por gato doméstico: a propósito de un caso.

Sporotrichosis is a subacute to chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix spp. complex. It is considered the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America and predominates in tropical areas. In Argentina, its prevalence is estimated at 0.01-0.02%. In half of the patients, it manifests as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Infection results from the agent's inoculation on the skin or mucous membrane by trauma with contaminated plants. There are also cases of zoonotic transmission by contact with animals, such as armadillos, birds, rats, horses, fish, mosquitoes, and cats. Here we describe the case of a 14-year-old female patient who consulted due to nodular lymphangitic syndrome for two months and, given the lack of response to multiple antibiotic regimens, a biopsy was performed and a culture of the lesion was done, which confirmed the diagnosis of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis.

La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea de evolución subaguda-crónica causada por hongos dimórficos del complejo Sporothrix spp. Es considerada la micosis subcutánea más frecuente en Latinoamérica y predomina en zonas tropicales. La prevalencia en Argentina se estima entre el 0,01 % y el 0,02 %. En la mitad de los pacientes, se manifiesta como una esporotricosis linfocutánea. La infección es consecuencia de la inoculación del agente en la piel o mucosas a partir un trauma con plantas contaminadas. Existen también casos de transmisión zoonótica por contacto con animales como armadillos, aves, ratas, caballos, peces, mosquitos y felinos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 14 años, que consultó por síndrome linfangítico nodular de dos meses de evolución y, ante la falta de respuesta a múltiples esquemas antimicrobianos, se decidió realizar biopsia y cultivo de la lesión, que confirmó el diagnóstico de esporotricosis linfocutánea.

Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent farmer.

Sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis due to the genus Sporothrix. Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis is an unusual clinical form that often affects immunocompromised patients. We report a case of cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent famer from a rural region of Madagascar, treated successfully with Itraconazole 200mg twice a day. This case highlights the role of multiple inoculation affecting different parts of the body as a risk factor of cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent individually.

Disseminated sporotrichosis presenting as left nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Sporotrichosis, a subacute or chronic mycosis caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is commonly seen in tropical or subtropical parts of the world, especially in individuals who are in contact with cats or engage in gardening activities. Sporotrichosis generally presents with skin ulceration at the site of inoculation and follows a lymphocutaneous pattern; however, it can present in various confounding ways. Here, we present a case of disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompromised patient who did not seem to have any of the commonly associated risk factors and initially presented with a left nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by lacrimal sac sporotrichosis, but then was found to have monoarticular involvement of his knee also secondary to disseminated sporotrichosis. Thorough clinical and microbiological evaluation, as well as multidisciplinary work, can lead to correct diagnosis and treatment of sporotrichosis, especially for atypical presentations in immunocompromised individuals.

Disseminated sporotrichosis in a person with human immunodeficiency virus disease.

INTRODUCTION: Disseminated sporotrichosis is an incapacitating infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Because this condition may mimic the presentation of tuberculosis, syphilis and other bacterial infections, the diagnosis may be missed or delayed. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with poorly controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection. The patient was initially treated for bacterial skin infections. The differential diagnosis also included tuberculosis and syphilis. Only after appropriate specimens had been sent for microbiological and histopathological investigations was the diagnosis of disseminated sporotrichosis made and appropriate treatment started. The patient showed a good clinical response to itraconazole. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion of endemic mycoses when managing immunocompromised patients. The report also demonstrates that a delay in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis increases morbidity and results in unnecessary and inappropriate treatment with associated costs and adverse effects.

Esporotricosis, una realidad aún presente en Chile: a propósito de un caso / Sporotrichosis, a reality still present in Chile: a case report

OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile y realizar una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en los hallazgos dermatoscópicos de las lesiones y en los casos reportados en el país. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente adulto mayor con lesiones nodulares ulceradas siguiendo trayecto linfático en extremidad superior derecha. RESULTADOS: Estudio micológico confirmó la presencia de Sporothrix schenckii. Se inició tratamiento con antifúngico oral con buena respuesta terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un escaso número de reporte de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile con confirmación micológica. Este es el único caso chileno con descripción dermatoscópica de las lesiones.

OBJETIVE: To report a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis adquired in Chile and provide a review of the literature with emphasis on dermoscopic findings and previous cases reported in the country. CLINICAL CASE: An elderly patient presented with ulcerated nodular lesions following lymphatic vessels in his right upper limb.RESULTS: Mycological work-up confirmed the presence of Sporothrix schenkii. Oral antifungal treatment was initiated with good therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS: Few case reports of lymphocutaneous sporotricosis adquired in Chile can be found in literature. Until now this is the only chilean case with dermoscopic description of the lesions.

Ocular Sporotrichosis.

PURPOSE: To present 10 cases of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome caused by sporotrichosis. OBSERVATIONS: We report 10 cases of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome after contact with domestic cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. They all showed ocular hyperemia associated with unilateral tarsal conjunctival granulomas. After histopathological study and culture of the scrapings and conjunctival secretions, six patients were positive for Sporothrix schenkii and four had a presumed diagnosis of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome due to sporotrichosis. Treatment with 200 mg/day of oral itraconazole was started, and all patients had a favorable therapeutic response. CONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: These case reports are essential for characterizing a rare etiology of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome.

Molecular epidemiology of Sporothrix schenkii isolates in Malaysia.

Sporothrix schenkii is a dimorphic fungus that causes infections in both humans and animals. We report on 25 S. schenkii isolates collected in 2017 from humans and cats clinically diagnosed with sporotrichosis, in Malaysia. These isolates were phenotypically identified as S. schenkii sensu lato and further defined as S. schenckii sensu stricto based on partial calmodulin gene sequence. Isolates from both humans and cats were genotypically identical but displayed phenotypic variation. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial calmodulin sequence showed that the Malaysian isolates clustered with global S. schenkii sensu stricto strains, in particular, of the AFLP type E. This analysis also revealed that partial calmodulin sequence alone was sufficient for classifying global S. schenckii sensu stricto strains into their respective AFLP types, from A to E. The genetically conserved S. schenkii sensu stricto species isolated from humans and cats is suggestive of a clonal strain present in Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification of Sporothrix schenkii strains from human infections in Malaysia. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the clonal nature of Malaysian S. schenkii isolates. Our findings indicate the presence of a predominant S. schenkii genotype in the environment, causing infections in both cats and humans in Malaysia.

Severe generalized skin lesions due to mixed infection with Sporothrix schenkii and Dermatophilus congolensis in a bull from Jos, Nigeria.

Sporothrix schenkii and Dermatophilus congolensis were isolated from a bull with severe generalized skin lesions. The lesions were thick, crusty and scabby on the dorsal part while few scabby and several nodular lesions were seen on the lower limbs especially the thighs. Scab samples and exudates from the nodules were aseptically collected and processed for bacteriology and mycology. Gram stained smears revealed Gram-positive, filamentous organism that had longitudinal and transverse septa suggestive of D. congolensis. Colonies on 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar were small, rough, grayish-white, ß-hemolytic and adherent to the medium. It was catalase positive, urease positive and fermented glucose and maltose but not sucrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol and xylose. Colonies on Sabouraud's dextrose agar were small, round, white and opaque, delicate and smooth. It liquefied gelatin and fermented glucose and sucrose but not galactose, menite, and glycerin. The isolate was Gram-positive, cigar-shaped and yeast-like suggestive of S. schenkii. Dermatophilosis is common in domesticated ruminants while sporotrichosis is very rare in cattle. This may be the first report of bovine sporotrichosis from Africa.

Esporotricose felina no município de itaporanga, estado da paraíba, Brasil: relato de um caso / Esorotricosis felina en el municipio de itaporanga, estado de la paraíba, Brasil: relato de caso / Feline sporotrichosis in the city of itaporanga, state of paraiba, Brazil: a case report

No sentido de contribuir com dados relacionados à presença da esporotricose felina na região Nordeste do Brasil, o trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de esporotricose em gato doméstico nativo do município de Itaporanga, Paraíba. Um felino, macho, da raça Siamês, 11 anos de idade, apresentava o histórico de aumento de volume nasal, de caráter crônico. Clinicamente observou-se uma neoformação localizada na região nasal dorsal, com abrangência subcutânea e base de inserção séssil. Optou-se por realizar exame citológico e cultura fúngica do tecido nasal neoformado. Posteriormente executou-se biópsia excisional da lesão localizada em região nasal, encaminhando-se a amostra obtida para análise histopatológica com a utilização de colorações pelos métodos de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. A análise citopatológica detectou inflamação granulomatosa. Na cultura microbiológica não se observou crescimento fúngico. Devido ao resultado de tais exames complementares, justificou-se a biópsia excisional da lesão nasal. A análise histopatológica demonstrou (com o auxílio da coloração do Ácido Periódico de Schiff), a presença de estruturas compatíveis com Sporothrix schenkii. Nesse sentido, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de esporotricose e realizou-se a prescrição do itraconazol. Observou-se involução inicial da lesão. Contudo, após algumas semanas do seguimento com o tratamento antifúngico, o animal veio a óbito e não foi possível realizar necropsia. A esporotricose deve ser considerada em felinos que apresentam lesões cutâneas características da doença e oriundos do município de Itaporanga, estado da Paraíba, Brasil.

In order to contribute with data related to the presence of feline sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil, the study aimed to describe a case of sporotrichosis in a domestic native cat of Itaporanga city, Paraíba, Brazil. An eleven-year-old, male, Siamese cat had a history of chronic condition of an increased nasal volume. Clinically, a neoformation located in the nasal dorsum with subcutaneous coverage and sessile insertion base was observed. A cytological examination of the nasal change was chosen and then some of the collected material was sent for fungal culture. Subsequently, excisional biopsy of the lesion in the nasal region was performed, and the obtained sample was sent for histological analysis with the use of staining methods with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff. The cytological analysis detected granulomatous inflammation. Microbiological culture did not show fungal growth. Due to the results of such complementary exams, excisional biopsy of the nasal injury was justified. A histopathologic analysis showed (with the help periodic acid-Schiff) the presence of structures compatible to Sporothrix schenkii. Accordingly, the diagnosis of sporotrichosis was reached and itraconazole was prescribed. Regression of the early lesions was observed. However, after a few weeks of the beginning of the antifungal treatment, the animal died and no autopsy was possible. Sporotrichosis should be considered in cats which present skin lesions with characteristics of this disease and from the city of Itaporanga, state of Paraiba, Brazil.

En el sentido de contribuir con datos relacionados a la presencia de esporotricosis felina en la región Nordeste de Brasil, este estudio ha tenido por objetivo describir un caso de esporotricosis en gato doméstico nativo del municipio de Itaporanga, Paraíba. Un felino, macho, de la raza siamés, 11 años de edad, presentaba histórico de aumento de volumen nasal, de carácter crónico. Clínicamente se observó una neo formación localizada en la región nasal dorsal, con alcance subcutáneo y base de inserción sésil. Se ha elegido realizar examen citológico y cultura fúngica del tejido nasal neo formado. Posteriormente se ha ejecutado biopsia por escisión de la lesión localizada en la región nasal, encaminando la muestra para análisis histopatológico con utilizaciones de coloraciones por los métodos de Hematoxilina- Eosina y Ácido Periódico de Schiff. El análisis cito patológica ha encontrado inflamación granulo matosa. En la cultura microbiológica no se ha observado crecimiento fúngico. Debido al resultado de tales exámenes complementares, se justificó la biopsia por escisión de lesión nasal. El análisis histopatológico demostró (con el auxilio de coloración de Ácido Periódico de Schiff), la presencia de estructuras compatibles con Sporothrix schenkii. Así, se estableció el diagnóstico de esporotricosis y se ha realizado la prescripción de itraconazol. Se observó involución inicial de la lesión. Todavía, tras algunas semanas del seguimiento con el tratamiento anti fúngico, el animal vino a óbito y no fue posible realizar necropsia. La esporotricosis debe ser considerada en felinos que presentan lesiones cutáneas características de la enfermedad y oriundos del municipio de Itaporanga, estado de la Paraíba, Brasil.