Use of laryngeal mask for neonatal resuscitation in Brazil: A national survey.

Background: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation suggests using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to the face mask for performing positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the delivery room in newborns ≥34 weeks. Because not much is known about the health professionals' familiarity in using LMA in Brazil, this study aimed to describe the health professionals' knowledge and practice of using LMA, who provide neonatal care in the country. Methods: An online questionnaire containing 29 questions was sent to multi-healthcare professionals from different regions in the country through email and social media groups (WhatsApp®, Instagram®, Facebook®, and LinkedIn®). The participants anonymously answered the questions regarding their knowledge and expertise in using LMA to ventilate newborns in the delivery room. Results: We obtained 749 responses from all the regions in Brazil, with 80% from health professionals working in public hospitals. Most respondents were neonatologists (73%) having > 15 years of clinical practice. Among the respondents, 92% recognized the usefulness of LMA for performing PPV in newborns, 59% did not have specific training in LMA insertion, and only 8% reported that they have already used LMA in the delivery room. In 90% of the hospitals, no written protocol was available to use LMA; and in 68% of the hospitals, LMA was not available for immediate use. Conclusion: This nationwide survey showed that most professionals recognize the usefulness of LMA. However, the device is scarcely available and underused in the routine of ventilatory assistance for newborns in delivery rooms in Brazil.

Randomized Trial of Surfactant Therapy via Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Brief Tracheal Intubation in Neonates Born Preterm.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible noninferiority of surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) vs endotracheal tube (ETT) in avoiding the requirement for mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial including infants born at 27 to 36 weeks of gestation, >800 g, diagnosed with RDS and receiving fraction of inspired oxygen 0.30-0.60 via noninvasive respiratory support. Infants were randomized to surfactant via LMA (with atropine premedication) or ETT (InSuRE approach with atropine and remifentanil premedication). Primary outcome was failure of surfactant treatment to prevent the need for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Patients were randomized, 51 to LMA and 42 to the ETT group. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, with birth weights ranging from 810 to 3560 g. Failure rate was 29% in the ETT group and 20% in the LMA group (P = .311). This difference was due to early failures (within 1 hour), with 12.5% in the ETT group and 2% in the LMA group (P = .044). Surfactant therapy via LMA was non-inferior to administration via ETT; failure risk difference -9.0% (CI -∞ to 5.7%). Efficacy in decreasing fraction of inspired oxygen, number of surfactant doses administered, time to wean off all respiratory support, rates of adverse events, and outcomes including pneumothorax and BPD diagnosis did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Surfactant therapy via LMA was noninferior to administration via ETT and it decreased early failures, possibly by avoiding adverse effects of premedication, laryngoscopy, and intubation. These characteristics make LMA a desirable conduit for surfactant administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02164734.

Efetividade de técnicas de suporte ventilatório em cenários simulados de emergências e desastres químicos, biológicos, radiológicos e nucleares: metanálise / Effectiveness of ventilatory support techniques in simulated scenarios of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear emergencies and disasters: meta-analysis

Introdução: certas situações de emergências e desastres são desencadeadas pelo uso acidental ou intencional de agentes químicos, biológicos, radiológicos ou nucleares (QBRN), o que pode resultar em quadros clínicos de insuficiência respiratória às vítimas. Técnicas de suporte ventilatório avançado, tais como inserção de dispositivos supraglóticos e intubação orotraqueal, são fundamentais neste contexto, pois tendem a garantir a sobrevida das vítimas contaminadas por agentes QBRN. Em tais situações recomenda-se, pelo menos, a utilização de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) nível C, que é composto basicamente por um macacão com gorro impermeável, luvas, botas, proteção ocular e máscara. A efetividade do emprego dessas técncias carece de análise em termos de tempo de execução e de êxito na primeira tentativa, uma vez que possibilidades de ações retardatárias devem ser minoradas na resposta assistencial a situações de emergência e desastres. Objetivo: comparar o tempo médio e o êxito na primeira tentativa de inserção de dispositivos supraglóticos em relação ao tubo orotraqueal, considerando a paramentação de profissionais de saúde com equipamento de proteção individual nível C na resposta assistencial a quadros de insuficiência respirtatória, em situações de emergências e desastres. Metodologia: foram acessadas as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE e, complementarmente, o Google Acadêmico, no período de 08 de março a 30 de agosto de 2019. A estratégia de busca utilizou a seleção de termos MeSH e estabelecimento de interseções com eles; a pesquisa na lista de artigos relacionados a cada artigo incluído na plataforma PubMed; e a pesquisa manual na lista de referências dos artigos selecionados. A seleção estudos ocorreu por dois pesquisadores independentes (coeficiente Kappa = 0,74). As metanálises foram desenvolvidas no software RevMan 5.3 da Cochrane. Resultados: a Revisão Sistemática (RS) contou com nove estudos para as metanálises. Para o desfecho 'redução de tempo' em cada procedimento, obteve-se o resultado heterogêneo -22,11 [IC 95% : -27,43; -16,79]; (P < 0,00001); I2= 97%, favorecendo os dispositivos supraglóticos. Sequencialmente, subgrupos foram criados os quais mostraram menor ou nenhum grau de heterogeneidade. No subgrupo 'dispositivos supraglóticos de 1a geração', obteve-se o resultado de -28,31 [IC 95% : -37,99; -18,64]; (P < 0,00001); I2= 98%). O subgrupo 'ILMA' resultou em -10,99 [IC 95% : -16,08; -5,90]; (P < 0,00001); I2= 74%. O subgrupo 'dispositivos supraglóticos de 2a geração' gerou o resultado -15,42 [IC 95% : -16,77; -14,06]; (P < 0,00001); I2 = 0%. O subgrupo dos 'emergencistas' resultou em -12,96 [IC 95% : -16,10; -9,82]; (P < 0,00001); I 2= 64%; e subgrupo dos 'anestesistas' apresentou o resultado de - 14,94 [IC 95% : -18,44; -11,45]; (P < 0,00001); I 2= 71%. Nos subgrupos de 'metodologia reprodutível', os estudos de Castle et al (2009 e 2010) tiveram como resultado -39,29 [IC 95% : -41,88; -36,70]; (P < 0,00001); I2 = 12%. No subgrupo 'dispositivos supraglóticos' de Ophir et al (2014) resultou em -15,70 [IC 95% : -17,04; -14,37]; (P < 0,00001); I2 = 0%. No subgrupo 'dispositivos supraglóticos' de Plazikowski et al (2018), obteve-se o resultado - 14,55 [IC 95% : -16,45; -12,64]; (P < 0,00001); I2 = 0%. Concernente ao desfecho 'êxito na primeira tentativa', o resultado foi de 0,06 [IC 95% : 0,03; 0,10]; (P= 0,0008); I2 = 52%. Conclusão: em cenários simulados de emergências e desastres, com risco de contaminação por agentes QBRN, a inserção de dispositivos supraglóticos em comparação à intubação endotraqueal demonstrou ser mais rápida e com maior chance de acerto em manequins, inclusive em seres humanos, com nível de evidência moderado. Registro PROSPERO (CRD42019136139).

Introduction: Certain emergencies are triggered by malicious or accidental use of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) agents, sometimes resulting in respiratory failure for victims. For example, the action of nerve agents; viral hemorrhagic fever; and acute radiation syndrome. Advanced ventilatory support techniques such as orotracheal intubation and insertion of supraglottic devices are critical in this context. Considering the victim contaminated by a CBRN agent, health providers should wear at least a level C personal protective equipment (PPE), which means a chemical-resistant splash suit, butyl rubber gloves, boots, and a respirator. Objective: To compare the mean time and success in the first attempt at orotracheal tube insertion as well as supraglottic devices, considering health professionals paired with level C personal protective equipment. Methodology: The checked databases were LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and, as complementary resource, the Google Scholar, from 08th March to 30th August 2019. The search strategy used the selection of MeSH terms and establishment of intersections with them; searching the list of related articles to each article included, through the PubMed platform; and hand search on the reference list of the selected articles. The selection took place by two independent researchers (Kappa coefficient = 0.74). The meta- analyzes were developed by Cochrane RevMan 5.3 software. Results: the Systematic Review captured nine studies to make meta-analysis. For the outcome mean time in each procedure, the heterogeneous result was obtained -22.11 [95% CI: -27.43; -16.79]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 97%, in favor of supraglottic airway device. Subsequently, subgroups were created to decrease the degree of heterogeneity. In 1st Generation Supraglottic Devices subgroup, the result was -28.31 [95% CI: -37.99; -18.64]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 98%). The ILMA subgroup resulted in -10.99 [95% CI: -16.08; -5.90]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 74%. The 2nd Generation Supraglottic Devices subgroup generated the result -15.42 [95% CI: -16.77; -14.06]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 0%. The emergency caregivers subgroup resulted in -12.96 [95% CI: -16.10; -9.82]; (P <0.00001); I 2 = 64%. The anesthetists' subgroup presented the result of -14.94 [95% CI: -18.44; -11.45]; (P <0.00001); I 2 = 71%. Concern reproducible methodology subgroups, the studies by Castle et al (2009 and 2010) resulted in -39.29 [95% CI: -41.88; -36.70]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 12%. The subgroup supraglottic devices of Ophir et al (2014) resulted in -15.70 [95% CI: -17.04; - 14.37]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 0%. The subgroup supraglottic devices of Plazikowski et al (2018) resulted -14.55 [95% CI: -16.45; -12.64]; (P <0.00001); I2 = 0%. Concerning the outcome success rate in the first attempt, the result was 0.06 [95% CI: 0.03; 0.10]; (P = 0.0008); I2 = 52%. Conclusion: In the context of an environment with risk of CBRN contamination, insertion of a supraglottic device compared to endotracheal intubation was shown to be faster and more likely to obtain success in manikins and humans with moderate level of evidence. Prosperous Registration (CRD42019136139).

Introducción: Ciertas emergencias se desencadenan por el uso intencional o accidental de agentes químicos, biológicos, radiológicos o nucleares (QBRN), que a veces resultan en insuficiencia respiratoria para las víctimas. Se puede citar la acción de los agentes neurotóxicos; fiebre hemorrágica viral; y síndrome de radiación aguda. Las técnicas avanzadas de soporte ventilatorio como la intubación orotraqueal y la inserción de dispositivos supraglóticos son críticas en este contexto. Durante los primeros auxilios de los profesionales de la salud, considerando a la víctima contaminada por un agente QBRN, se recomienda al menos el nivel C de equipo de protección personal (EPP), que consiste en un traje con gorro impermeable, guantes, botas, protección. ocular y máscara. Objetivo:Comparar el tiempo medio y el éxito en el primer intento de inserción del tubo orotraqueal, así como los dispositivos supraglóticos, considerando a los profesionales de la salud emparejados con equipos de protección personal de nivel C. Metodología: Utilizamos las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE y, además, Google Académica, del 8 de marzo al 30 de agosto de 2019. La estrategia de búsqueda utilizó la selección de términos MeSH y el establecimiento de intersecciones con ellos; buscar en la lista de artículos relacionados con cada artículo incluido en la plataforma PubMed; y búsqueda manual en la lista de referencias de artículos seleccionados. Los estudios de selección fueron realizados por dos investigadores independientes (coeficiente Kappa = 0,74). Los metanálisis se desarrollaron utilizando el software Cochrane RevMan 5.3. Resultados: La Revisión Sistemática capturó nueve estúdios para hacer metanálisis. Para el tiempo de resultado empleado en cada procedimiento, se obtuvo el resultado heterogéneo -22,11 [IC 95%: -27,43; -16,79]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 97%, favoreciendo el dispositivo supraglótico. Posteriormente, se crearon subgrupos donde mostraron menor o ningún grado de heterogeneidad. En el subgrupo de dispositivos supraglóticos de primera generación, el resultado fue -28.31 [95% CI: -37.99; -18.64]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 98%). El subgrupo ILMA resultó en -10.99 [IC 95%: -16.08; -5,90]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 74%. El subgrupo 2 Supr Generation Supraglottic Devices generó el resultado -15.42 [IC 95%: -16.77; -14,06]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 0%. El subgrupo de la sala de emergencias resultó en -12.96 [IC 95%: -16.10; -9,82]; (P <0,00001); I 2 = 64%. El subgrupo de anestesistas presentó el resultado de -14,94 [IC 95%: -18,44; -11,45]; (P <0,00001); I 2 = 71%. En los subgrupos de metodología reproducible, los estudios de Castle et al (2009 y 2010) dieron como resultado -39.29 [IC 95%: -41.88; -36,70]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 12%. En el subgrupo, los dispositivos supraglóticos de Ophir et al (2014) resultaron en -15.70 [IC 95%: -17.04; -14,37]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 0%. En el subgrupo de dispositivos supraglóticos de Plazikowski et al (2018), el resultado fue -14.55 [IC 95%: -16.45; -12,64]; (P <0,00001); I2 = 0%. Con respecto a la tasa de éxito del resultado en el primer intento, el resultado fue 0.06 [IC 95%: 0.03; 0,10]; (P = 0,0008); I2 = 52%. Conclusión: en el contexto de un entorno con riesgo de contaminación QBRN, se demostró que la inserción de un dispositivo supraglótico en comparación con la intubación endotraqueal fue más rápida y más probable que golpee a maniquíes y humanos con un nivel de evidencia moderado. Registro PROSPERO (CRD42019136139).

Comparison of three different insertion techniques with LMA-UniqueTM in adults: results of a randomized trial / Comparação de três técnicas diferentes de inserção com a máscara laríngea LMA-UniqueTM em adultos: resultados de um estudo randômico

Abstract Background The triple airway maneuver insertion technique allowed faster insertion of the LMA. This study compared three different insertion techniques of the laryngeal mask airway-UniqueTM. Methods One hundred and eighty ASA I-II patients aged 18-65 years were included into the study. Patients were randomly allocated to the standard, rotational and triple airway maneuver (triple) group. In the standard group (n = 60), the LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) was inserted with digital intraoral manipulation. In the triple group (n = 60), the LMA was inserted with triple airway maneuver (mouth opening, head extension and jaw thrust). In the rotational group (n = 60), LMA was inserted back-to-front, like a Guedel airway. Successful insertion at first attempt, time for successful insertion, fiber optic assessment, airway morbidity and hemodynamic responses were assessed. Results Successful insertion at the first attempt was 88.3% for the standard, 78.3% for the rotational and 88.3% for the triple group. Overall success rate (defined as successful insertion at first and second attempt) was 93% for the standard, 90% for the rotational and 95% for the triple group. Time for successful insertion was significantly shorter in the triple group (mean [range] 8.63 [5-19]s) compared with the standard (11.78 [6-24]s) and rotational group (11.57 [5-31]s). Fiber optic assessment, airway morbidity and hemodynamic responses were similar in all groups. Conclusions Rotational and triple airway maneuver insertion techniques are acceptable alternatives. Triple airway maneuver technique shows higher overall success rates and allows shorter insertion time for LMA insertion and should therefore be kept in mind for emergent situations.

Resumo Justificativa A técnica de inserção com a manobra tripla das vias aéreas permitiu a inserção mais rápida da ML. Este estudo comparou três técnicas de inserção da máscara laríngea UniqueTM. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo 180 pacientes ASA I-II, entre 18-65 anos. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente designados para grupos de manobra das vias aéreas padrão, rotacional e tripla. No grupo padrão (n = 60), a máscara laríngea (ML) foi inserida com a técnica digital intraoral. No grupo tripla (n = 60), a ML foi inserida com a técnica de manobra tripla das vias aéreas (abertura bucal, extensão da cabeça e elevação da mandíbula). No grupo rotacional (n = 60), a ML foi inserida com a técnica de inserção de trás para frente, como uma cânula de Guedel. Inserção bem-sucedida na primeira tentativa, tempo de inserção bem-sucedida, avaliação por fibra óptica, morbidade das vias aéreas e respostas hemodinâmicas foram avaliados. Resultados O sucesso da inserção na primeira tentativa foi de 88,3% para o grupo padrão, 78,3% para o grupo rotacional e 88,3% para o grupo tripla. A taxa de sucesso global (definida como inserção bem-sucedida na primeira e segunda tentativas) foi de 93% para o grupo padrão, 90% para o grupo rotacional e 95% para o grupo tripla. O tempo de inserção bem-sucedida foi significativamente menor no grupo tripla (média [intervalo] 8,63 [5-19]s), em comparação com o grupo padrão (11,78 [6-24]s) e o grupo rotacional (11,57 [5-31]s). A avaliação por fibra óptica, a morbidade das vias aéreas e as respostas hemodinâmicas foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. Conclusões As técnicas de inserção rotacional e de manobra tripla das vias aéreas são opções aceitáveis. A técnica de manobra tripla das vias aéreas apresenta taxas mais altas de sucesso global e permite um tempo menor de inserção da ML e, portanto, deve ser considerada em situações de emergência.

Laryngeal tube suction for airway management during in-hospital emergencies

OBJECTIVE: The role of supraglottic airway devices in emergency airway management is highlighted in international airway management guidelines. We evaluated the application of the new generation laryngeal tube suction (LTS-II/LTS-D) in the management of in-hospital unexpected difficult airway and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: During a seven-year period, patients treated with a laryngeal tube who received routine anesthesia and had an unexpected difficult airway (Cormack Lehane Grade 3-4), who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside the operating room and had a difficult airway were evaluated. Successful placement of the LTS II/LTS-D, sufficient ventilation, time to placement, number of placement attempts, stomach content, peripheral oxygen saturation/end-tidal carbon dioxide development (SpO2/etCO2) over 5 minutes, subjective overall assessment and complications were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 106 adult patients were treated using an LTS-II/LTS-D. The main indication for placement was a difficult airway (75%, n=80), followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (25%, n=26) or an overlap between both (18%, n=19). In 94% of patients (n=100), users placed the laryngeal tube during the first attempt. In 93% of patients (n=98), the tube was placed within 30 seconds. A significant increase in SpO2 from 97% (0-100) to 99% (5-100) was observed in the whole population and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. The average initial etCO2 of 39.5 mmHg (0-100 mmHg) decreased significantly to an average of 38.4 mmHg (10-62 mmHg) after 5 minutes. A comparison of cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients with non-cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients regarding gastric contents showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: LTS-D/LTS-II use for in-hospital unexpected difficult airway management provides a secure method for primary airway management until other options such as video laryngoscopy or fiber optic intubation become available.

[Comparison of three different insertion techniques with LMA-Unique™ in adults: results of a randomized trial]. / Comparação de três técnicas diferentes de inserção com a máscara laríngea LMA­Unique™ em adultos: resultados de um estudo randômico.

BACKGROUND: The triple airway maneuver insertion technique allowed faster insertion of the LMA. This study compared three different insertion techniques of the laryngeal mask airway-Unique™. METHODS: One hundred and eighty ASA I-II patients aged 18-65 years were included into the study. Patients were randomly allocated to the standard, rotational and triple airway maneuver (triple) group. In the standard group (n=60), the LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) was inserted with digital intraoral manipulation. In the triple group (n=60), the LMA was inserted with triple airway maneuver (mouth opening, head extension and jaw thrust). In the rotational group (n=60), LMA was inserted back-to-front, like a Guedel airway. Successful insertion at first attempt, time for successful insertion, fiber optic assessment, airway morbidity and hemodynamic responses were assessed. RESULTS: Successful insertion at the first attempt was 88.3% for the standard, 78.3% for the rotational and 88.3% for the triple group. Overall success rate (defined as successful insertion at first and second attempt) was 93% for the standard, 90% for the rotational and 95% for the triple group. Time for successful insertion was significantly shorter in the triple group (mean [range] 8.63 [5-19]s) compared with the standard (11.78 [6-24]s) and rotational group (11.57 [5-31]s). Fiber optic assessment, airway morbidity and hemodynamic responses were similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Rotational and triple airway maneuver insertion techniques are acceptable alternatives. Triple airway maneuver technique shows higher overall success rates and allows shorter insertion time for LMA insertion and should therefore be kept in mind for emergent situations.

A comparison of various supraglottic airway devices for fiberoptical guided tracheal intubation / Uma comparação de vários dispositivos supraglóticos para intubação traqueal guiada por fibra óptica

Abstract Background: Fiberoptical assisted intubation via placed supraglottic airway devices has been described as safe and easy procedure to manage difficult airways. However visualization of the glottis aperture is essential for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Various different supraglottic airway devices are commercially available and might offer different conditions for fiberoptical assisted intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the best obtainable view of the glottic aperture using different supraglottic airway devices. Methods: With approval of the local ethics committee 52 adult patients undergoing elective anesthesia were randomly assigned to a supraglottic airway device (Laryngeal Tube, Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel, Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique, Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme, Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once). After standardized induction of anesthesia the supraglottic airway device was placed according to the manufacturers recommendations. After successful ventilation the position of the supraglottic airway device in regard to the glottic opening was examined with a flexible fiberscope. A fully or partially visible glottic aperture was considered as suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Suitability for fiberoptical assisted intubation was compared between the groups (H-test, U-test; p < 0.05). Results: Demographic data was not different between the groups. Placement of the supraglottic airway device and adequate ventilation was successful in all attempts. Glottic view suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation differed between the devices ranging from 40% for the laringeal tube (LT), 66% for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme, 70% for the Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel and 90% for both the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once. Conclusion: None of the used supraglottic airway devices offered a full or partial glottic view in all cases. However the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once seem to be more suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation compared to other devices.

Resumo Justificativa: A intubação guiada por fibra óptica (IGFO) através de dispositivo supraglótico (DSG) tem sido descrita como um procedimento seguro e fácil para o manejo de via aérea difícil. No entanto, a visibilização da abertura da glote é essencial para a IGFO. Vários DSGs diferentes estão comercialmente disponíveis e podem oferecer diferentes condições para a IGFO. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a melhor visão obtida da abertura da glote com o uso de diferentes DSGs. Métodos: Com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética local, 52 pacientes adultos submetidos à anestesia eletiva foram randomicamente designados para um dos DSGs: tubo laríngeo (TL), máscara laríngea (ML) I-Gel, ML Unique, ML Supreme, ML AuraOnce. Após a indução padronizada da anestesia, o DSG foi colocado de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Após ventilação bem-sucedida, a posição do DSG em relação à abertura da glote foi examinada com um endoscópio flexível. Uma abertura da glote total ou parcialmente visível foi considerada como adequada para a IGFO. A adequação para a IGFO foi comparada entre os grupos (teste-H, teste-U; p < 0,05). Resultados: Os dados demográficos não foram diferentes entre os grupos. A colocação do DSG e a ventilação adequada foram bem-sucedidas em todas as tentativas. A visão da glote adequada para a IGFO diferiu entre os dispositivos, variou de 40% para o TL, 66% para a ML Supreme, 70% para a ML I-Gel e 90% para ambas as máscaras laríngeas Unique e AuraOnce. Conclusão: Nenhum dos DSG usados ofereceu uma visão total ou parcial da glote em todos os casos. Porém, as máscaras laríngeas Unique e AuraOnce pareceram mais adequadas para a IGFO em comparação com os outros dispositivos.

A comparison of various supraglottic airway devices for fiberoptical guided tracheal intubation.

BACKGROUND: Fiberoptical assisted intubation via placed supraglottic airway devices has been described as safe and easy procedure to manage difficult airways. However visualization of the glottis aperture is essential for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Various different supraglottic airway devices are commercially available and might offer different conditions for fiberoptical assisted intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the best obtainable view of the glottic aperture using different supraglottic airway devices. METHODS: With approval of the local ethics committee 52 adult patients undergoing elective anesthesia were randomly assigned to a supraglottic airway device (Laryngeal Tube, Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel, Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique, Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme, Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once). After standardized induction of anesthesia the supraglottic airway device was placed according to the manufacturers recommendations. After successful ventilation the position of the supraglottic airway device in regard to the glottic opening was examined with a flexible fiberscope. A fully or partially visible glottic aperture was considered as suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Suitability for fiberoptical assisted intubation was compared between the groups (H-test, U-test; p<0.05). RESULTS: Demographic data was not different between the groups. Placement of the supraglottic airway device and adequate ventilation was successful in all attempts. Glottic view suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation differed between the devices ranging from 40% for the laringeal tube (LT), 66% for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme, 70% for the Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel and 90% for both the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once. CONCLUSION: None of the used supraglottic airway devices offered a full or partial glottic view in all cases. However the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once seem to be more suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation compared to other devices.

[A comparison of various supraglottic airway devices for fiberoptical guided tracheal intubation]. / Uma comparação de vários dispositivos supraglóticos para intubação traqueal guiada por fibra óptica.

BACKGROUND: Fiberoptical assisted intubation via placed supraglottic airway devices has been described as safe and easy procedure to manage difficult airways. However visualization of the glottis aperture is essential for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Various different supraglottic airway devices are commercially available and might offer different conditions for fiberoptical assisted intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the best obtainable view of the glottic aperture using different supraglottic airway devices. METHODS: With approval of the local ethics committee 52 adult patients undergoing elective anesthesia were randomly assigned to a supraglottic airway device (Laryngeal Tube, Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel, Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique, Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme, Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once). After standardized induction of anaesthesia the supraglottic airway device was placed according to the manufacturers recommendations. After successful ventilation the position of the supraglottic airway device in regard to the glottic opening was examined with a flexible fiberscope. A fully or partially visible glottic aperture was considered as suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation. Suitability for fiberoptical assisted intubation was compared between the groups (H-test, U-test; p<0.05). RESULTS: Demographic data was not different between the groups. Placement of the supraglottic airway device and adequate ventilation was successful in all attempts. Glottic view suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation differed between the devices ranging from 40% for the laringeal tube (LT), 66% for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme, 70% for the Laryngeal Mask Airway I-Gel and 90% for both the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once. CONCLUSION: None of the used supraglottic airway devices offered a full or partial glottic view in all cases. However the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Aura-once seem to be more suitable for fiberoptical assisted intubation compared to other devices.

Comparison of the i-gelTM and the Laryngeal Mask Airway ClassicTM in terms of clinical performance / Comparação da máscara laríngea i-gel (i-gelTM) com a máscara laríngea clássica (LMA-ClassicTM) em relação ao desempenho clínico

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: The i-gelTM is one of the second generation supraglottic airway devices. Our study was designed to compare the i-gel and the Laryngeal Mask Airway ClassicTM with respect to the clinical performance.METHODS: We compared the performance of the i-gel with that of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic in 120 patients undergoing urologic surgery during general anesthesia without muscle relaxant with respect to the number of attempts for successful insertion, insertion time, peak airway pressure, incidence of regurgitation, fiberoptic glottic view and postoperative complications. Second generation supraglottic airway devices were inserted by the same anesthesiologist, experienced in use of both devices (>200 uses and first time failure rate <5%). Methylene blue method was used to detect gastric regurgitation.RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding the success of insertion of second generation supraglottic airway device (p = 0.951). The laryngeal mask insertion time for the i-gel group was significantly shorter than that for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (11.6 ± 2.4 s versus 13.1 ± 1.8 s [p = 0.001]). The fiberoptic glottic view scores for the i-gel group was significantly better than that for the ones for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (p = 0.001). On fiberoptic view, there was no sign of methylene blue dye at any time point in either group. In addition, there was no difference between the groups in patient response regarding the presence of a sore throat when questioned 24 h after the procedure (p = 0.752).CONCLUSION: Both devices had good performance with low postoperative complications and without occurrence of regurgitation. The i-gel provided a shorter insertion time and a better fiberoptic view than the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic.

RESUMOJUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: A i-gel é um dos dispositivos supraglóticos de segunda geração para o manejo das vias aéreas. Nosso estudo foi projetado para comparar a i-gelTM e a máscara laríngea clássica (Laryngeal Mask Airway ClassicTM, LMA-C) em relação ao desempenho clínico.MÉTODOS: Avaliamos os desempenhos de i-gel e LMA-C em 120 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia urológica sob anestesia geral sem relaxante muscular. Comparamos o número de tentativas de inserção bem-sucedidas, o tempo de inserção, a pressão de pico das vias aéreas, a incidência de regurgitação, a visibilidade da glote com o uso de fibra óptica e as complicações no pós-operatório. Os dispositivos supraglóticos de segunda geração foram inseridos pelo mesmo anestesiologista com experiência na aplicação de ambos os dispositivos (> 200 aplicações e taxa de falha na primeira tentativa < 5%). O corante azul de metileno foi usado para detectar regurgitação gástrica.RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos em relação ao sucesso da inserção do dispositivo supraglótico de segunda geração (p = 0,951). O tempo de inserção da máscara laríngea no grupo i-gel foi significativamente menor do que no grupo LMA-C (11,6 ± 2,4 segundos vs. 13,1 ± 1,8 segundos, p = 0,001). O escore de visibilidade da glote via fibra óptica do grupo i-gel foi significativamente melhor do que o do grupo LMA-C (p = 0,001). Na visão via fibra ótica, sinais do corante azul de metileno não foram observados em qualquer momento em ambos os grupos. Além disso, não houve diferença entre as respostas dos grupos quando perguntados sobre a presença de dor de garganta 24 horas após o procedimento (p = 0,752).CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os dispositivos apresentaram bom desempenho, com poucas complicações no pós-operatório e sem ocorrência de regurgitação. A máscara laríngea i-gel proporcionou um tempo de inserção mais curto e uma visão via fibra óptica melhor do que a LMA-C.

[Comparison of the i-gel™ and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ in terms of clinical performance]. / Comparação da máscara laríngea i-gel (i-gel™) com a máscara laríngea clássica (LMA-Classic™) em relação ao desempenho clínico.

PURPOSE: The i-gel™ is one of the second generation supraglottic airway devices. Our study was designed to compare the i-gel and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ with respect to the clinical performance. METHODS: We compared the performance of the i-gel with that of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic in 120 patients undergoing urologic surgery during general anesthesia without muscle relaxant with respect to the number of attempts for successful insertion, insertion time, peak airway pressure, incidence of regurgitation, fiberoptic glottic view and postoperative complications. Second generation supraglottic airway devices were inserted by the same anesthesiologist, experienced in use of both devices (>200 uses and first time failure rate <5%). Methylene blue method was used to detect gastric regurgitation. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding the success of insertion of second generation supraglottic airway device (p=0.951). The laryngeal mask insertion time for the i-gel group was significantly shorter than that for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (11.6±2.4s versus 13.1±1.8s [p=0.001]). The fiberoptic glottic view scores for the i-gel group was significantly better than that for the ones for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (p=0.001). On fiberoptic view, there was no sign of methylene blue dye at any time point in either group. In addition, there was no difference between the groups in patient response regarding the presence of a sore throat when questioned 24h after the procedure (p=0.752). CONCLUSION: Both devices had good performance with low postoperative complications and without occurrence of regurgitation. The i-gel provided a shorter insertion time and a better fiberoptic view than the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic.

Comparison of the i-gel™ and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ in terms of clinical performance.

PURPOSE: The i-gel™ is one of the second generation supraglottic airway devices. Our study was designed to compare the i-gel and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ with respect to the clinical performance. METHODS: We compared the performance of the i-gel with that of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic in 120 patients undergoing urologic surgery during general anesthesia without muscle relaxant with respect to the number of attempts for successful insertion, insertion time, peak airway pressure, incidence of regurgitation, fiberoptic glottic view and postoperative complications. Second generation supraglottic airway devices were inserted by the same anesthesiologist, experienced in use of both devices (>200 uses and first time failure rate <5%). Methylene blue method was used to detect gastric regurgitation. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding the success of insertion of second generation supraglottic airway device (p=0.951). The laryngeal mask insertion time for the i-gel group was significantly shorter than that for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (11.6±2.4s versus 13.1±1.8s [p=0.001]). The fiberoptic glottic view scores for the i-gel group was significantly better than that for the ones for the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic group (p=0.001). On fiberoptic view, there was no sign of methylene blue dye at any time point in either group. In addition, there was no difference between the groups in patient response regarding the presence of a sore throat when questioned 24h after the procedure (p=0.752). CONCLUSION: Both devices had good performance with low postoperative complications and without occurrence of regurgitation. The i-gel provided a shorter insertion time and a better fiberoptic view than the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic.