Termination of Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents in the Institutional Contexts from the Parents' Perspective / Terminación de la psicoterapia con niños y adolescentes en los contextos institucionales desde la perspectiva de los padres

Abstract Introduction: Knowing the forms of termination of psychotherapy and the associated factors allows us to understand this moment of treatment and to think about strategies to improve the process. Objective: The present study seeks to identify the types of termination of psychotherapy in children and adolescents and the factors that influence them in two psychological care centers. Methodology: A quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional design was used, with a descriptive and association scope; 100 patients (48 children and 52 adolescents) were surveyed. Results: Four types of termination were found: due to institutional or therapist factors, attributed to factors external to the treatment, due to user dissatisfaction, and achievement of objectives. Some associations between them and the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the treatment were identified. Discussion: Institutional aspects and external conditions to the patient must be considered in constructing intervention strategies for this population. In addition, educating parents on psychological intervention and its institutional scope is required to modulate the expectations associated with the process.

Resumen Introducción: Conocer los tipos de terminación de las psicoterapias y los factores asociados, permite comprender esta dimensión del tratamiento y pensar estrategias para el mejoramiento del proceso. Objetivo: El presente estudio busca identificar los tipos de terminación de la psicoterapia en niños y adolescentes y los factores que influyen en ellos en dos centros de atención psicológica. Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, exploratorio, transversal, con un alcance descriptivo y de asociación, fueron encuestados 100 pacientes (48 niños y 52 adolescentes). Resultados: Se encontraron cuatro tipos de terminación: por factores institucionales o del terapeuta, atribuida a factores externos del tratamiento, por insatisfacción de los usuarios y por cumplimiento de objetivos. Se identifican algunas asociaciones entre estos y las características clínicas y sociodemográficas del tratamiento. Discusión: Los aspectos institucionales y las condiciones externas al paciente deben ser considerados en la construcción de las estrategias de intervención con esta población. Además, se requiere un proceso de educación a padres sobre la intervención psicológica y su alcance institucional para modular las expectativas asociadas al proceso.

Socio-ecological influences on access to abortion care in Costa Rica: a qualitative analysis of key perspectives from clinical and policy stakeholders.

Costa Rica prohibits abortion except under narrow circumstances to save the pregnant person's life. The country boasts historically strong support for social policy and human rights, while also presenting a complex and restrictive abortion access landscape. From September 2021 to March 2022, we conducted 23 interviews with obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) physicians, OB/GYN medical residents, and policy stakeholders to explore the socio-ecological influences on abortion access in Costa Rica. We sampled clinicians and policy stakeholders from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas listserv through snowball sampling and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews in Spanish. We identified limited access to comprehensive sexual health education, lack of support from interpersonal networks, inadequate provider knowledge and training, financial and migratory status, and both provider and community stigma as substantial barriers to abortion access. This study addresses a gap in published research around the social determinants of abortion in Costa Rica and sheds light on the attitudes and opinions of the medical and policy stakeholder communities about abortion access. The results highlight the need for expanded access to comprehensive sexual health education, abortion-related training for healthcare providers, and increased programming efforts, such as funding, outreach, and implementation, to ensure comprehensive reproductive health services are available and accessible, especially for vulnerable populations in Costa Rica.

Decriminalization of abortion by the Mexican Supreme Court.

In September 2021, the Mexican Supreme Court issued a decision disallowing any federal or local judicial authority to indict someone for the offense of voluntary or consensual abortion. This decision also declared unconstitutional penalties imposed on medical personnel who facilitate or assist such procedures. Furthermore, the Court decided that limiting access to abortion in cases of rape to a specific time frame was disproportionate. Later on, in September 2023, the Supreme Court confirmed that absolute criminalization of abortion was unconstitutional and declared that the rule supporting criminalization in the Federal Penal Code was without effects. Consequently, healthcare providers who work in public federal health institutions cannot be criminalized for guaranteeing the right to abortion. This article reviews the reasons advanced by the Supreme Court to guarantee the right of reproductive self-determination, as well as the effects of both decisions beyond the decriminalization of abortion by Mexican federal and state legislatures. The paper also examines the scope and limitations of these rulings and identifies the remaining challenges regarding voluntary abortion procedures in Mexico.

Termination of pregnancy in lupus nephritis: A bioethical analysis with the integrative method.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Termination of pregnancy in patients with rheumatic diseases is controversial and a bioethical analysis is rarely performed. In this study we analysed the case of a pregnant patient with lupus nephritis unresponsive to treatment, for whom termination of pregnancy is considered. METHODS: The integrative model was applied combining different normative ethical theories. RESULTS: From a utilitarian perspective, termination of pregnancy is justifiable, seeking the greatest benefit for the greatest number of stakeholders. Deontology justifies both terminating and continuing the pregnancy, focusing on the action itself and on autonomy. In virtue ethics the importance of decisions rests with the person who performs the action seeking flourishing; termination of pregnancy would be justifiable. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Interruption of pregnancy is a justifiable solution following the integrative model. Bioethical analysis of paradigmatic cases is essential to ensure the best possible action and as a precedent for future similar situations in rheumatology.

Misoprostol and mid trimester termination of pregnancy in patients with two previous scars and more at Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital / Misoprostol e interrupção da gravidez no meio do trimestre em pacientes com duas cicatrizes anteriores e mais no Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital

Abstract Objectives: to determine efficiency and safety of three misoprostol regimens for 2nd trimester pregnancy termination in individuals with two or more cesarean section scars. Methods: a cross-sectional study included 100 pregnant ladies at 13th-26th weeks gestation with previous two cesarean sections (CSs) who were scheduled for pregnancy termination using misoprostol. Patients were conveniently assigned to 100µg/3h, 200µg/3h or 400 µg/3h regimens. Primary outcome was time to abortion, secondary outcomes were side effect and complications. Results: a significant association was found between number previous CSs and longer time to abortion (p=0.01). A highly significant association was identified between earlier gestational age and longer time to abortion (p<0.001). Lower side effects and complications were associated with 200 µg misoprostol every 3 hours of (p<0.001). Incomplete abortion was the most frequent recorded complication for the successive doses of misoprostol. Conclusions: misoprostol is an effective drug at low doses for pregnancy termination in women with prior two or more caesarean sections. However, its safety needs monitoring of the patient in the hospital to decrease morbidity and mortality behind its use.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar a eficiência e segurança de três regimes de misoprostol para interrupção da gravidez no segundo trimestre em indivíduos com duas ou mais cicatrizes de cesariana. Métodos: um estudo transversal incluiu 100 gestantes entre 13ª e 26ª semanas de gestação com duas cesarianas (CEs) anteriores que foram agendadas para interrupção da gravidez com uso de misoprostol. Os pacientes foram convenientemente designados para regimes de 100 µg/3 horas, 200 µg/3 horas ou 400 µg/3 horas. O desfecho primário foi o tempo para o aborto, os desfechos secundários foram efeitos colaterais e complicações. Resultados: foi encontrada associação significativa entre o número de cesáreas anteriores e o maior tempo até o aborto (p=0,01). Foi identificada associação altamente significativa entre idade gestacional mais precoce e maior tempo para abortar (p<0,001). Menores efeitos colaterais e complicações foram associados com 200 µg de misoprostol a cada 3 horas (p<0,001). O aborto incompleto foi a complicação mais frequente registrada para as doses sucessivas de misoprostol. Conclusões: o misoprostol é um medicamento eficaz em doses baixas para interrupção da gravidez em mulheres com duas ou mais cesarianas anteriores. Porém, sua segurança necessita de monitoramento do paciente no hospital para diminuir a morbimortalidade por trás de seu uso.

Analysis of Terminated Hand and Wrist-Related Clinical Trials.

Purpose: While clinical trials provide high-quality evidence guiding medical decision-making, early trial termination can result in both lost time and resources. Our purpose was to investigate the rate of and reasons for clinical trial termination for hand and wrist-related conditions and identify study characteristics associated with early trial termination. Methods: The ClinicalTrials.gov database was queried for all hand and wrist-related clinical trials. All terminated and completed trials were reviewed, with characteristics and reasons for termination recorded. Study characteristics included type, purpose, intervention assessed, enrollment, group allocation, blinding, trial phase, sponsor type, and geographic region. Chi-square test was used to identify associations between trial characteristics and terminated versus completed status. Results: A total of 793 hand and wrist-related clinical trials were identified, with 77 trials (10%) terminated prior to completion. The most common reason for termination was "recruitment/retention difficulty," reported in 37 (48%) terminated trials. In comparing competed versus terminated trials, primary purpose (nonobservational studies), enrollment (<50 patients), and geographic region (North America) were all significantly more likely to be terminated. Terminated trials were more likely to have an intervention type investigating a specific device or drug. Conclusions: Early trial termination for hand and wrist-related conditions is common (10%), with patient recruitment and retention identified as the leading cause of termination. Trials involving potential commercial incentives (those investigating a device or drug) were associated with an increased rate of trial termination. Clinical relevance: An emphasis on patient enrollment during study design may aid in mitigating the most common cause of early clinical trial termination.

Extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care knowledge, attitudes, and practices among obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents in San José, Costa Rica: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Induced abortion in Costa Rica is illegal in all cases except to save the life of the pregnant person. Despite severe restrictions to legal abortion, individuals in Costa Rica still induce abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. These individuals and those with spontaneous abortions, also known as miscarriages, occasionally need medical care for complications. In Costa Rica, an estimated 41% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion, yet there is very little published literature exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on abortion in Costa Rica. METHODS: We interviewed ten obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and five obstetrician-gynecologist medical residents in San José, Costa Rica about their beliefs and practices related to extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) using a Spanish language in-depth semi-structured interview guide. After transcription and translation into English, analysis team pairs used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to identify themes and sub-themes within the data. RESULTS: Obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents were aware of the presence of extra-legal abortion, and particularly, medication abortion, in their communities, but less familiar with dosing for induction. They expressed the desire to provide non-judgmental care and support their patients through extra-legal abortion and PAC journeys. Study participants were most familiar with providing care to individuals with spontaneous abortions. When discussing PAC, they often spoke about a policy of reporting individuals who seek PAC following an extra-legal abortion, without commenting on whether or not they followed the guidance. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to a gap in research about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Costa Rican obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents around extra-legal abortion and PAC. The results reveal an opportunity to train these healthcare providers as harm reduction experts, who are able to accurately counsel individuals who are seeking abortion services outside of the healthcare system, and to provide training to improve care for individuals needing PAC.

Expectant management of viable cesarean scar pregnancies: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a potentially life-threatening disease that has been steadily increasing in prevalence. Pregnancy termination is usually recommended given the risk of life-threatening complications. In some cases, patients refuse to terminate viable CSPs, even after counseling. Recent studies report that, even with a high burden of possible complications and maternal morbidity, many CSPs progress to live, close to term births. The aim of this study is to further demonstrate the natural history of viable cesarean scar pregnancies. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of original studies reporting cases of expectant management of CSPs with positive fetal heartbeats. RESULTS: After selection, 28 studies were included in the review, with a total of 398 cases of CSP, 136 managed expectantly and 117 with positive fetal heartbeat managed expectantly. This study confirmed that the majority of patients experience live births, as 78% of patients selected for expectant management experienced live births at or close to term, with 79% developing morbidly adherent placenta, 55% requiring hysterectomy, and 40% having severe bleeding. DISCUSSION: The optimal management protocol for CSP is still to be defined and more studies are needed to further elucidate this rare but rising disease. Our study provides information on the natural history of untreated CSPs and suggests that termination may not be the only option offered to the patient.

Primary care and abortion legislation in Chile: A failed point of entry.

While Chile's partial decriminalization of abortion in 2017 was a long overdue recognition of women's sexual and reproductive rights, nearly four years later the caseload remains well below expectations. This pattern is the product of standing barriers in access to abortion-related health services, especially at the primary care point of entry. This study seeks to identify and describe these barriers. The findings presented here were obtained through a qualitative, exploratory study based on 19 semi-structured interviews with relevant actors identified through non-random sampling and snowballing techniques. Coding was inductive and complemented by semantic content analysis. The authors find that the key barriers in primary care to accessing legal abortion are unfamiliarity with the law, insufficient practitioner training, intersectoral discrimination, and the stigma surrounding abortion. They conclude that the government needs to exercise its constitutional mandate as guarantor of public health and act promptly to safeguard and guarantee the abortion rights of Chilean women.

Anemia en puérperas andinas peruanas según el tipo de parto: estudio comparativo / Anemia in Peruvian Andean puerperal women according to type of delivery: a comparative study

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir y comparar las características obstétricas de pacientes puérperas, con anemia, con finalización del embarazo por parto o cesárea. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y comparativo de pacientes con anemia en el puerperio de parto y de cesárea atendidas en el Hospital de Lircay de Huancavelica en el año 2020. Se aplicó la técnica del análisis documental y el instrumento fue una ficha de recolección de datos. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 162 partos y 46 cesáreas. En las características patológicas se encontró una diferencia significativa: anemia en el embarazo (112 de 162; 69.1% posparto y 23 de 46 [50% de poscesárea]), trastornos hipertensivos (4 de 162; 2.5% postparto y 8 de 46 [7.4% de poscesárea]), hemorragias de la segunda mitad del embarazo (2 de 162 [1.2% de postparto] y 4 de 46 [8.7% poscesárea]). En cuanto al grado de anemia se encontró diferencia significativa en ambos grupos en relación con el grado moderado (89 de 162 [54.9%] postparto y 33 de 46 [71.7%] en poscesárea). CONCLUSIONES: En la frecuencia de anemia puerperal se encontró una diferencia conforme al tipo de finalización del embarazo. La edad, grado de escolaridad, anemia gestacional, trastorno hipertensivo, hemorragia de la segunda mitad de embarazo y la placenta previa se identificaron como factores con diferencias significativas en la anemia, según el tipo de finalización del embarazo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the obstetric characteristics of postpartum patients with anemia, with termination of pregnancy by delivery or cesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, descriptive and comparative study of patients with anemia in the postpartum period after childbirth and cesarean section attended at the Lircay Hospital in Huancavelica in 2020. The documentary analysis technique was applied and the instrument was a data collection form. RESULTS: A total of 162 deliveries and 46 cesarean sections were analyzed. In the pathological characteristics a significant difference was found: anemia in pregnancy (112 of 162; 69.1% postpartum and 23 of 46 [50% post cesarean]), hypertensive disorders (4 of 162; 2.5% postpartum and 8 of 46 [7.4% post cesarean]), hemorrhages in the second half of pregnancy (2 of 162 [1.2% postpartum] and 4 of 46 [8.7% post cesarean]). Regarding the degree of anemia, a significant difference was found in both groups in relation to moderate degree (89 of 162 [54.9%] postpartum and 33 of 46 [71.7%] postcesarean section). CONCLUSIONS: In the frequency of puerperal anemia, a difference was found according to the type of termination of pregnancy. Age, level of education, gestational anemia, hypertensive disorder, hemorrhage in the second half of pregnancy and placenta previa were identified as factors with significant differences in anemia, according to the type of termination of pregnancy.

Preserving Immunity for Reporters of Medical Child Abuse.

All American jurisdictions have laws protecting children from abuse and neglect. Mandated reporters, including health professionals, whether their suspicions ultimately are substantiated or unfounded, are entitled to immunity when their reports are entered in good faith. When harm takes the form of medical child abuse (MCA, also known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy or factitious disorder imposed on another), its origin is ambiguous, at least initially. Questions arise as to whether the caregiver intended to deceive medical professionals and if the condition improved when the child was separated from the caregiver. Clinicians may have an obligation to report MCA in difficult-to-diagnose cases or those where parents press for hospitalizations and procedures. Substantiated cases may lead to removal of children from homes and criminal prosecution of parents. This can result in backlash against the reporter by the parents, with claims of malpractice, official misconduct, intentional harm, fraud or conspiracy to commit fraud, defamation (libel or slander), or all of the above. This article examines case law regarding alleged departures from good-faith reporting of MCA and explores potential limitations to immunity provided to mandated reporters. The findings include no significant instances in which the immunity shield for good-faith reporting was pierced.

13 anos depois: diálogos sobre a Interrupção Voluntária da Gestação em Portugal / 13 Years Later: Dialogues on Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy in Portugal

Resumo A Lei 16/2007 representou um marco na luta pelos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das cidadãs portuguesas, instituindo a possibilidade da exclusão da ilicitude para as interrupções voluntárias da gestação, realizadas até a décima semana, por solicitação das mulheres. Através de uma pesquisa descritivo-analítica, objetivou-se conhecer a opinião das cidadãs e de investigadoras (atuantes na causa), frente a esse processo e às transformações que dele decorreram, com ênfase no contexto atual. Entre março e setembro de 2020 foram realizadas 12 entrevistas, divididas em duas etapas. Ao serem precedidas as técnicas da Análise de Discurso, chegou-se à existência de alguns pontos frágeis, como a incerteza sobre o acesso, a presença de julgamentos e as limitações interpostas pela objeção da consciência, que refletem as necessidades de ampliação das semanas gestacionais permitidas para a interrupção. Houve um reconhecimento quanto à segurança nos procedimentos, na liberdade das mulheres diante das suas escolhas, na maior abertura para o diálogo, fato este que contribuiu conjuntamente com o reforço no planejamento familiar. Para além dessas construções, novas demandas foram situadas.

Abstract Law 16/2007 represented a milestone in the quest for sexual and reproductive rights of Portuguese citizens, instituting the possibility of excluding all illegality for voluntary termination of pregnancy, performed until the 10th week, at the request of the women involved. Using a descriptive-analytical research, the objective was to establish the opinion of citizens and researchers (active in the cause), in the course of this process and the transformations that resulted from it, with emphasis on the current context. Between March and September, 12 interviews were conducted, divided into two stages. When the Discourse Analysis techniques were analyzed, there were some weak points, such as the uncertainty about access, the presence of judgments and the limitations interposed by the conscientious objectors, which reflect the need to expand the allowed gestational period for termination. There was recognition of security in procedures, women's freedom in their choices, greater openness to dialogue, a fact that contributed jointly with the strengthening of family planning. In addition to these constructions, new demands were configured.

Interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en casos de fetos anencefálicos y la objeción de conciencia: comparación entre bioética y jurisprudencia / Therapeutic Termination of Pregnancy in Cases of Anencephalic Fetuses and Conscientious Objection: Comparison Between Bioethics and Jurisprudence / Interrupção terapêutica da gravidez em fetos anencéfalos e objeção de consciência: comparação entre bioética e jurisprudência

Resumen: Si bien la interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en los casos de fetos anencefálicos ha sido ampliamente discutida, y se han llegado a conclusiones éticas que la justifican (si no existe contraindicación médica y se obtiene el consentimiento informado de la mujer), es importante reevaluar el tema. Por ello, se deben contrastar los principios bioéticos con sentencias judiciales de fenómenos jurídicos que están surgiendo en el mundo, y que pueden provocar cambios en los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. No obstante, esto no debe implicar un cambio en los argumentos bioéticos. Asimismo, debido al resurgimiento a nivel global de un conservadurismo moral, que propone un planteamiento en torno a la objeción de conciencia, se torna imperativo analizar desde la perspectiva bioética si la misma puede ser invocada en casos de interrupción terapéutica del embarazo. Para ello, se deberían ponderar los principios bioéticos y utilizar una bioética laica, pluralista y basada en ética de mínimos, la cual busque la dignidad de las personas que enfrentan una gestación de fetos anencefálicos. En ese sentido, la objeción de conciencia no debería utilizarse como instrumento para negar la atención a estas personas.

Abstract: Although the therapeutic interruption of pregnancy in cases of anencephalic fetuses has been widely discussed, and ethical conclusions have been reached that justify it (if there is no medical contraindication and the informed consent of the woman is obtained), it is important to reassess the issue. Hence, bioethical principles must be contrasted with judicial rulings on legal phenomena that are emerging in the world, and that can cause changes in sexual and reproductive rights. However, this should not imply a change in the bioethical arguments. Likewise, due to the global resurgence of moral conservatism, which proposes an approach regarding conscientious objection, it becomes imperative to analyze, from a bioethical perspective, if it can be invoked in cases of therapeutic interruption of pregnancy. To do this, bioethical principles should be weighed and a secular, pluralistic bioethics based on minimum ethics should be used, which seeks the dignity of persons facing an anencephalic fetus gestation. In this sense, conscientious objection should not be used as an instrument to deny care to these individuals.

Resumo: Embora a interrupção terapêutica da gravidez nos casos de fetos anencéfalos tenha sido amplamente discutida e tenham chegado a conclusões éticas que a justifiquem (se não houver contraindicação médica e for obtido o consentimento informado da mulher), é importante reavaliar a questão . Por isso, os princípios bioéticos devem ser contrastados com as decisões judiciais sobre fenômenos jurídicos que estão surgindo no mundo e que podem causar mudanças nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. No entanto, isso não deve implicar uma mudança nos argumentos bioéticos. Da mesma forma, devido ao ressurgimento global do conservadorismo moral, que propõe uma abordagem em torno da objeção de consciência, torna-se imperativo analisar na perspectiva bioética se ela pode ser invocada nos casos de interrupção terapêutica da gravidez. Para tanto, deve-se pesar os princípios bioéticos e utilizar uma bioética laica, pluralista, pautada na ética mínima, que busque a dignidade das pessoas diante da gestação de feto anencéfalo. Nesse sentido, a objeção de consciência não deve ser utilizada como instrumento para negar atenção a essas pessoas.

Habilidades y conocimientos en los procesos de desvinculación laboral en una universidad estatal chilena / Skills and knowledge in the processes of labor disengagement in a state university of Chile

Las universidades generan una serie de procedimientos ligados a los recursos humanos, varias de estas acciones a pesar de estar descritas y estandarizadas son ejecutadas por académicos que con bajo nivel de conocimiento de gestión de personas. Objetivo: Identificar las habilidades y acciones que deben seguir los académicos que tienen jefaturas administrativas de una Universidad Estatal en los procesos de desvinculación laboral. Metodología: Se utiliza un enfoque cualitativo, la Teoría Fundamentada. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 funcionarios académicos con cargos directivos. Se utilizó un muestreo intencionado para la selección de los participantes. Las entrevistas fueron realizadas a través de la plataforma meet. Se consideró participación voluntaria y consentimiento informado. Resultados: los funcionarios/as manifiestan carecer de información suficiente en cuanto a los procesos para ejecutar los procedimientos, además de una mayor sistematización del proceso por parte de la institución. El término de un contrato no se expresa claramente como parte de las funciones. Conclusiones: se carece de un proceso de inducción sistemático, una retroalimentación o un proceso de cierre cuando se decide prescindir de los servicios académicos, lo que causa problemas emocionales en los directivos(AU)

Universities have a number of human resources policies and procedures and, despite being described and standardized, they often rely on academics with a low level of knowledge of people management. Objective: To identify the needed skills and actions that academics with management responsibilities in a public university should have, with respect to labor disengagement processes. Methodology: We used a qualitative approach, grounded theory, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 academic faculty in managerial positions. Intentional sampling was used for the selection of participants. The interviews were conducted through the Meet platform. Participation was voluntary and informed consent was obtained. Results: the respondents indicated they lack sufficient information regarding the processes to execute the procedures, in addition to a need for greater systematization of the process by the institution. Contract termination was not specified as one of their responsibilities. Conclusions: there is a lack of a systematic on boarding process, feedback or termination processes when academic services are no longer needed, which causes emotional problems in managers(AU)

Does crossbreeding improve the performance and carcass traits of Berganês sheep?

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass of lambs of different genotypes through univariate and multivariate analysis. Intact male lambs of the Berganês (BG), Berganês x Santa Inês (BSI), and Berganês x Dorper (BD) genotypes and the control group Dorper x Santa Inês (DSI) were used. Eight lambs of each genotype were used, aged between 4 and 5 months, with an average initial weight of 27.52 ± 3.79 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design. Data were tested by analyzing variance, followed by Tukey's test and principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Slaughter body and average daily gain were higher for BD and BG than BSI (P < 0.05). On the other hand, BSI, BD, and DSI showed higher cold carcass yield than BG (P < 0.05). Lower cooling losses (CL) and more excellent conformation were observed in DSI (P < 0.05). BD showed a higher carcass compactness index (CCI), and DSI showed a higher leg compactness index (LCI) (P < 0.05). PCA produced seven components explaining 83.59% of total data variability. Based on the discriminant analysis, LCI, CL, CCI, and conformation showed greater power to distinguish the genotypes, with a high index of the lambs' classification to their respective genotypes. The crossbreeding improved carcass yield and reduced cooling weight loss. The Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds have performance and carcass traits compatible with the DSI genotype. According to the DA, heterogeneity was found between the Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds, with CL, LCI CCI, and conformation showing greater discrimination power.

Os dragões dos primórdios: o término e a persistência do infantil¹ / The dragons of primeval days termination and the persistence of the infantile / Los dragones del principio: la terminación y la persistencia de lo infantil / Les dragons des commencements: la terminaison et la persistance de l'infantile

Em nenhum outro momento a persistência do infantil é mais evidente do que no processo do término. Freud foi incaracteristicamente sincero ao dizer que questionava se uma verdadeira transformação era alcançada no término. Ele observou: "Às vezes bem se pode duvidar que os dragões dos primordios estejam realmente extintos". A intensidade e a onipresença do infantil em nosso trabalho serão mais bem vislumbradas pelo estudo da defesa contra o infantil.

The persistence of the infantile is nowhere more apparent than in the termination process. Freud was uncharacteristically candid in saying that he questioned whether a true transformation was achieved at termination. He noted: "One feels inclined to doubt sometimes whether the dragons of primeval days are really extinct". The intensity and pervasiveness of the infantile in our work may best be glimpsed by studying the defense against the infantile.

En ningún otro momento la persistencia de lo infantil es tan evidente como en el proceso de la terminación. Freud fue inusualmente sincero al decir que se preguntaba si una verdadera transformación era alcanzada en la terminación. Él observó: "Una persona se siente inclinada, a veces, a dudar si los dragones del principio realmente fueron extinguidos". La intensidad y la omnipresencia de lo infantil en nuestro trabajo se pueden vislumbrar mejor por medio del estudio de la defensa contra lo infantil.

Nulle part la persistance de l'infantile n'est plus apparente que dans le processus de terminaison. Freud était étrangement sincère lorsqu'il mettait en question si une vraie transformation était atteinte dans la terminaison. Il a remarqué : « Parfois, on se sent incliné à douter que les dragons des jours primitifs seraient vraiment disparus ¼. L'intensité et la diffusion de l'infantile dans notre travail peuvent être mieux aperçues, lorsque l'on étudie la défense contre l'infantile.

Viabilidade do uso de dietas com grão total para bubalinos / Feasibility of using full grain diets for buffalos

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de matéria seca (MS), desempenho, e viabilidade econômica de búfalos submetidos a dietas de grão total comparado como de dietas convencionais. Doze bubalinos foram alimentados em confinamento e os tratamentos dietéticos foram oferecidos por 63 dias de período de comparação. Os tratamentos consistiram em dieta com 100% de concentrado (Grão Total) e dieta com 70% de concentrado mais 30% de silagem de milho (Convencional) com base MS. Amostras dos ingredientes e das sobras alimentares de cada animal foram coletadas, para determinação da matéria seca, e pesadas, para cálculo do consumo individual e da eficiência alimentar. Foi realizada coleta de sangue, por dezoito horas, para determinação de NUP (Nitrogênio Uréico plasmático). O peso vivo (PV) dos bubalinos foi determinado no início do período experimental e a cada sete dias de comparação. O ganho diário de peso foi calculado para cada uma das nove semanas e a viabilidade econômica das duas dietas, através do custo alimentar, avaliada em uma planilha do Excel®. Animais alimentados com dieta grão total apresentaram menor consumo de matéria seca (CMS kg e CMS % PV) que animais alimentados com dieta convencional. O peso vivo final (PVF), o peso da carcaça, e o ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) dos animais em kg, não diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. Em relação ao rendimento de carcaça, animais alimentados com grão total diferiram estatisticamente. O NUP, após a primeira alimentação, foi maior em animais alimentados com dieta convencional. Os bubalinos alimentados com grão total apresentaram menor custo alimentar e maior rendimento de carcaça.

The objective of this work was to evaluate dry matter consumption, performance, and economic viability of buffaloes submitted to full grain diets compared to conventional diets. Twelve non-castrated buffalo of the Murah breed were fed in confinement. Dietary treatments were offered for a 63-day comparison period. The treatments consisted of a diet with 100% concentrate (grain exclusive diet) and a diet with 70% concentrate plus 30% corn silage (Conventional) based on dry matter. Samples of the ingredients and food leftovers from each animal were collected to determine dry and heavy matter, to calculate individual consumption and feed efficiency. Blood was collected for 18 hours to determine PUN (plasma urea nitrogen). The live weight (LW) of the buffaloes was determined at the beginning of the experimental period and every seven days for comparison. The daily weight gain was calculated for each of the nine weeks and the economic viability of the two diets, through the food cost was evaluated in Excel® spreadsheet. Animals fed with a grain exclusive diet had lower consumption of dry matter (DMI lb and DMI % LW) than animals fed with conventional diet. The final live weight (LLW), carcass weight, average daily weight gain (PDG) of the animals in lb, did not differ statistically between treatments. Regarding the carcass yield, animals fed with total grain differed statistically. The PUN after the first feeding was higher in animals fed with a conventional diet. The buffaloes fed with total grain showed lower food cost and higher carcass yield.

Terminación de la psicoterapia desde la perspectiva de los pacientes / Psychotherapy Termination from the Patients' Perspective

Resumen El aumento de la oferta de servicios de psicoterapia en las últimas décadas justifica el estudio de los elementos relacionados con su terminación, y su relación con el cumplimiento de los objetivos y la adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento. Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyen en la terminación de los procesos psicoterapéuticos desde la perspectiva de los pacientes. Metodología: se utilizó un diseño de investigación mixto de triangulación concurrente; se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas y entrevistas en profundidad sobre el fin de la terapia. A nivel cuantitativo se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de regresión, y, a nivel cualitativo, reducción de datos, comparación constante y triangulación de la información. Participaron 137 pacientes de dos centros universitarios de atención psicológica en Antioquia (Colombia), 100 participantes respondieron una encuesta y los restantes una entrevista cualitativa. Resultados: se identificaron tres dimensiones relacionadas con la terminación de los procesos psicoterapéuticos: el cumplimiento o no de los objetivos, el tipo de atribución causal del paciente (interna o externa) y la persona que decide finalizar. La mayoría de los pacientes del estudio dejaron de asistir a psicoterapia sin cumplir sus objetivos o con un cumplimiento parcial de estos, por atribuciones externas y por decisión propia. Discusión: los aspectos institucionales, terapéuticos y de la vida del paciente tienen un rol significativo en la terminación de los procesos psicoterapéuticos. Además, se plantea la importancia de considerar en la formación de los terapeutas las características de los procesos de cierre y los diferentes marcadores asociados con la terminación prematura.

Abstract The increase in the supply of psychotherapy services in recent decades justifies the study of the elements related to its termination. This is one of the main topics to understand achievement of therapeutic goals and adherence of patients in psychotherapy. Aim: to identify the factors that influence termination of psychotherapeutic processes from the patients' perspective. Method: a mixed research design of concurrent triangulation was used; and structured surveys inquiring and in-depth interviews about psychotherapy termination were conducted. It was carried out at the quantitative level, both descriptive and regression analyses, and at the qualitative level, data reduction, constant comparison, and triangulation of information. A total of 137 patients from two higher education centers of psychological care in Antioquia (Colombia) participated, 100 answered a survey and the remaining participants were interviewed in-depth. Results: Results show three dimensions that allow various conceptualizations of therapy termination: achievement of goals, causal attribution and the person who decides to terminate. Most of the patients in the study dropped out of psychotherapy without the completion of their objectives or with a partial completion of these, due to external attributions and their own decision. Discussion: it was discussed how institutional, therapeutic, and life patient´s aspects have a significant role in termination of psychotherapeutic processes. As well as the importance of considering therapists´ training in relation to the characteristics of these processes and the different indicators associated with premature termination.

Seed Transcriptome Annotation Reveals Enhanced Expression of Genes Related to ROS Homeostasis and Ethylene Metabolism at Alternating Temperatures in Wild Cardoon.

The association among environmental cues, ethylene response, ABA signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in the process of seed dormancy release is nowadays well-established in many species. Alternating temperatures are recognized as one of the main environmental signals determining dormancy release, but their underlying mechanisms are scarcely known. Dry after-ripened wild cardoon achenes germinated poorly at a constant temperature of 20, 15, or 10 °C, whereas germination was stimulated by 80% at alternating temperatures of 20/10 °C. Using an RNA-Seq approach, we identified 23,640 and annotated 14,078 gene transcripts expressed in dry achenes and achenes exposed to constant or alternating temperatures. Transcriptional patterns identified in dry condition included seed reserve and response to dehydration stress genes (i.e., HSPs, peroxidases, and LEAs). At a constant temperature, we observed an upregulation of ABA biosynthesis genes (i.e., NCED9), ABA-responsive genes (i.e., ABI5 and TAP), as well as other genes previously related to physiological dormancy and inhibition of germination. However, the alternating temperatures were associated with the upregulation of ethylene metabolism (i.e., ACO1, 4, and ACS10) and signaling (i.e., EXPs) genes and ROS homeostasis regulators genes (i.e., RBOH and CAT). Accordingly, the ethylene production was twice as high at alternating than at constant temperatures. The presence in the germination medium of ethylene or ROS synthesis and signaling inhibitors reduced significantly, but not completely, germination at 20/10 °C. Conversely, the presence of methyl viologen and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), a peroxidase inhibitor, partially increased germination at constant temperature. Taken together, the present study provides the first insights into the gene expression patterns and physiological response associated with dormancy release at alternating temperatures in wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris).

Likelihood of obtaining tender meat from confined calf / Probabilidade de maciez da carne de novilhos confinados

The objective was to evaluate the main factors that influence the shear strength of meat from confined steers and the probability of obtaining soft meat. For this purpose, we evaluated the literature on carcass and/or meat of beef steers in Brazil published between January 1999 and April 2019 and extracted the content from three sections for analysis: materials and methods, results, and discussion. Pearsons correlation was used to analyze the data, and the stepwise statistic was used to determine the proportion of the synchronized effect of variables on shear force. For determining the probability of tenderness, meat with a shear force lower than 4.6 kgf/cm3 was classified as soft; meat with a higher sheer force was classified as hard. Following the classification, logistic regression analysis and odds ratio test were performed. The factors of study location, the proportion of zebu background in the genome, finishing weight, the percentage of concentrate in the diet, and finishing period and meat marbling explained 62.45% of the variability in the shear strength of beef. The following strategies were found to increase the chances of effectively obtaining soft meat from confined steers: starting the termination phase early even in animals with lower weights, prolonging the confinement time, increasing concentrate percentage in the diet, and a higher marbling degree. It is possible to estimate a large proportion of shear force variability using the production variables (ante-mortem), and the process can be adjusted accordingly to considerable increase the possibility of obtaining soft meat.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os principais fatores que influenciam a força de cisalhamento da carne de novilhos confinados e a chance de obtenção de carne macia. Para isso, foram avaliados os artigos de trabalhos científicos realizados no Brasil sobre carcaça e/ou carne de novilhos de corte, publicados entre janeiro de 1999 a abril de 2019. Foram extraídas da literatura informações do material e método e resultados e dos discussão. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado correlação de Pearson, e a estatística stepwise para a determinação da proporção do efeito sincronizado das variáveis sobre a força de cisalhamento. Para a determinação da chance de maciez, as carnes foram classificadas como macia quando apresentavam força de cisalhamento inferior a 4,6 kgF/ cm3 e dura quando superior a 4,6 kgf/ cm3, seguido de análise de regressão logística e teste de ods ratio. O local em que o estudo foi desenvolvido, o percentual de zebuíno no genótipo, o peso inicial da terminação, o percentual de concentrado na dieta, o período de terminação e marmoreio da carne, explicaram 62,45% da variabilidade da força de cisalhamento da carne. Iniciar precocemente a fase de terminação, mesmo que com pesos mais leves; prolongar o tempo de confinamento; elevar a participação de concentrado na dieta e aumentar o grau de marmoreio da carne; são estratégias que efetivamente aumentam a chance de obtenção de carne macia de novilhos confinados. A partir de variáveis de produção (ante-mortem), pode-se estimar grande parte da variabilidade da força de cisalhamento, sendo que sua correta manipulação possibilitará incrementos significativos na chance de obtenção de carne macia.(AU)