Large-Scale Micropropagation of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) in a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB).

The cultivation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is of economic interest because vanillin is extracted from the fruits of this species. Vanillin is a natural flavoring highly valued in the food market. However, there is a short supply of propagules available for establishing commercial plantations and good-quality plants with phytosanitary certification. Plant tissue culture represents a viable option to supply large amounts of healthy plants to vanilla producers. In addition, the use of temporary immersion systems will allow commercial scale-up and the establishment of biofactories dedicated to in vitro vanilla propagation. This chapter describes a large-scale micropropagation protocol for vanilla using temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB).

Multiplicación in vitro de Psidium guajava L. en sistemas de inmersión temporal / In vitro multiplication of Psidium guajava L. in temporary immersion systems

La introducción de nuevos cultivares de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.) amerita su propagación masiva, lo cual solo puede ser satisfecho mediante la micropropagación. Sin embargo la micropropagación convencional dejó de ser económicamente eficiente, debido al uso de agentes gelificantes y el elevado número de operaciones manuales, por esta razón se planteó en esta investigación, generar una metodología que permita disminuir los costos de producción por la exclusión del gelificante en los medios de cultivo, evaluando los sistemas de inmersión temporal (SIT) en la multiplicación in vitro de guayabo. Para lo cual, se evaluó el efecto del cultivo en SIT, se comparó los SIT tipo BIT® y RITA® y se evaluó el tiempo (1 y 2 min) y frecuencia (3 y 4 veces/día) de inmersión. Luego de seis semanas de cultivo se evaluó: número de brotes (NB), numero de nudos (NN), longitud de brote (LB) y coeficiente de multiplicación (CM). Con el empleo de SIT se logró valores superiores para NB (2,17), NN (3,5), LB (10,7 mm) y CM (2,8). En la comparación entre SIT tipo RITA y BIT, valores superiores se obtuvieron con el RITA® para NB (3,8), NN (3,8), LB (16,6 mm) y CM (10,4). Se determinó que con 2 min de inmersión se logró los mayores valores de NB (3,7), NN (13,4), LB (15,3 mm) y con 2 min de inmersión 3-4 veces/día el mayor CM (9,4 y 10,4). Se concluye que el cultivo en RITA® en la multiplicación favoreció crecimiento y la proliferación de brotes de guayabo.

The introduction of new cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava L.) deserves its mass propagation, which can only be satisfied by micropropagation. However conventional micropropagation stopped being economically efficient due to the use of gelling agents and the high number of manual operations. For this reason was considered in this research, generate a methodology to reduce production costs by exclusion of gelling in culture media, assessing temporary immersion systems (TIS) in the in vitro multiplication of guava. For which, the effect of the culture way was evaluated in TIS, type TIB® and RITA® compared the TIS and was evaluated the time (1 and 2 min) and frequency (3 and 4 times / day) of immersions. After six weeks of culture were evaluated: shoots number (NS), nodes number (NN), shoot length (SL) and multiplication rate (MR). With the use of TIS higher values for NS (2.17), NN (3.5), SL (10.7 mm) and MC (2.8) was achieved. When comparing RITA® and TIB, higher values were obtained with the RITA® for NS (3.8), NN (3.8), SL (16.6 mm) and MC (10.4). It was determined that 2 min of immersion with the highest values of NS (3.7), NN (13.4), SL (15.3 mm) and 2 min immersion 3-4 times/day achieved the highest MC (9.4 and 10.4). We conclude that the RITA® culture favored the multiplication in growth and proliferation of shoots of guava.

Iba and substrate in the plantlets production of blueberry cv. Climax through microcuttings / Aib e substrato na produção de mudas de mirtilo cv. "Climax" através de microestaquia

Although blueberries in the South of Brazil have been researched and produced as a new alternative in the horticulture, the majority of plants are propagated vegetatively through the use of cuttings and the results obtained are unsatisfactory. In this way, this research was aimed at testing the rooting ability of rabbiteye Blueberry by microcuttings techniques. Microcuttings from acclimated plants of Vaccinium ashey Reade cv. Climax obtained through micropropagation were tested. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using two types of microcuttings (middle and apex shoots), two substrate (sand and Plantmax®) and three concentrations of indole-3butyric-acid (0, 1000, and 2000mg L-1). After 60th day, it was evaluated: surviving microcuttings percentage, percentage of rooted microcuttings, roots number, roots length, and length more developed root. We concluded that the microcuttings can be an efficient technique for blueberry plantlets production, by using micropropagated plants as explants donors. The use of microcuttings from middle section provided high percentage of survived and rooted microcuttings, independent of IBA concentration. On the other hand, for cuttings from the apex section, the AIB application was required for rooting improvement.(AU)

Embora no Sul do Brasil o mirtilo esteja sendo pesquisado e produzido como uma nova alternativa na fruticultura, a maioria das mudas produzidas são obtidas pela propagação vegetativa, através do uso de estacas, e os resultados obtidos são insatisfatórios. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a capacidade de enraizamento de mirtilo "rabbiteye", através da técnica de microestaquia. Microestacas provenientes de plantas aclimatadas de Vaccinium ashey Reade, cv. "Climax", obtidas através de micropropagação, foram testadas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação usando dois tipos de microestacas (média e apical), dois substratos (areia e Plantmax®) e três concentrações de AIB (0, 1000 e 2000mg L-1). Aos 60 dias após a instalação do experimento, foi avaliada a percentagem de microestacas enraizadas, a percentagem de microestacas sobreviventes, o número médio de raízes por microestaca, o comprimento médio das raízes e o comprimento da raiz mais desenvolvida. Concluiu-se que a microestaquia pode ser uma técnica eficiente na produção de mudas de mirtilo, através do uso de plantas-matrizes micropropagadas. O emprego de microestacas oriundas da porção mediana proporcionou elevados índices de enraizamento e sobrevivência, independentemente da concentração de AIB utilizada. Por outro lado, para microestacas apicais, a aplicação de AIB foi fundamental para o enraizamento. (AU)