A comprehensive perspective on local drivers in community-based health tourism industry development: a qualitative study of Mazandaran Province, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Health tourism is an important component that may influence the direction of development in a region. Mazandarn, Iran, is recognized as a highly sustainable market in the region because of its abundant natural resources, temperate temperature, and strategic geographical location. Therefore, considering the importance of health tourism and its existing potential in Mazandaran, Iran, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring a comprehensive perspective on local drivers in community-based health tourism industry development and factors affecting the attraction of health tourism. METHODS: We conducted this study in Mazandarn, Iran, using a qualitative approach. Participants included a sample of Iranian people, aged 34-54 years, with previous history of health tourism or expert in it. Participants were selected from three different categories of the community: academic professionals in health tourism, managers in health tourism, and health tourists. Data were obtained via semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to converge and compare themes through participant data. The interviews kept going until data saturation was achieved. RESULTS: Based on our findings, we distilled local drivers in community-based health tourism industry development into five main categories and 30 subcategories: (Sharifabadi AM, Ardakani FA. A model for health tourism development using fuzzy TOPSIS and interpretive structural modeling in Yazd province. J Health Adm (JHA). 2014;17:55.) infrastructure and resources; (Hemmati F, Dabbaghi F, Mahmoudi G. Investigating the impact of Information Technology on the status of Health Tourism in Mashhad, Iran. Revista Publicando. 2018;5(15):54-65.) tourist attractions; (Sarabi Asiabar A, Rezapour A, Raei B, Tahernezhad A, Alipour V, Behzadifar M. Economic, Cultural, and Political Requirements for Medical Tourism Development in Iran: Insights from a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Method. Med J Islamic Repub Iran. 2022;35:199.) socio-cultural contexts; (Mosadeghrad AM, Sadeghi M. Medical tourism: Reasons for choosing Iran. Payesh (Health Monitor). 2021;20(2):145-66.) economic-financial factors; and (Manna R, Cavallone M, Ciasullo MV, Palumbo R. Beyond the rhetoric of health tourism: shedding light on the reality of health tourism in Italy. Curr Issues Tourism. 2020;23(14):1805-19.) political-communicative factors. The findings of the study showed that, from the participants' point of view, although there are several strategies, such as the development of public service and tourism infrastructure, increasing tourist attractions, and formulating appropriate policies and procedures for the development of health tourism, they are also faced with many challenges, especially political, economic, and cultural challenges. CONCLUSION: This study showed that improving infrastructure and resources, promoting tourist attractions, informing socio-cultural contexts, improving economic and financial capacity, and developing political and communicative contexts might increase the attraction of health tourists. The suggested components are not contextually driven, although empirical outcomes may differ based on the level of service offerings in health tourism locations.

Research on the coupling and coordinated development of Guangxi's tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system in the post-epidemic era.

As one of China's sunrise industries, tourism has always been the engine to promote the development of the national economy, and in 2018, the annual income of China's tourism industry exceeded 5 trillion yuan unprecedentedly. In recent years, the traditional extensive production mode has inevitably brought about problems such as environmental pollution and public health threats, while helping the development of new urbanization, thus triggering a series of challenges in the environmental health system. The tourism industry, new urbanization, and environmental health system three cooperate and promote each other, the coordinated development between them for economic growth, new urbanization development, environmental protection, and public health play a vital role, in the post-epidemic era is a special period of historical opportunities, the public's focus from the original sacrifice of environmental health in exchange for economic growth model began to green, low-carbon sustainable development mode, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a tourism resource endowment rich region, It is of positive significance to explore the coupling degree and coordination between the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system, and put forward targeted practical enlightenment, which is of positive significance for promoting the sustainable development of tourism industry. Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a case study, this paper constructs three comprehensive evaluation index systems of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system, and analyzes and compares the weights of various indicators in the three fields of tourism economy, new urbanization and environmental health system in Guangxi by using the entropy weight TOPSIS method. The coupling coordination model was used to measure the coupling degree and coordination degree of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system construction in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2021. The empirical results show that the weights of various indicators change with the development of the social economy. The comprehensive efficacy index of Guangxi's tourism industry has increased year by year for 11 consecutive years; At the end of the evaluation period, after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the evaluation index of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system all showed a downward trend to varying degrees. Before the pandemic, the coupling coordination type of the three subsystems generally experienced a transformation of "moderate dissonance-reluctant coordination-primary coordination-intermediate coordination," but the overall development level was still poor. After the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the coupling and coordination between the three has been reduced to a state of poor coordination. Because of the above research conclusions, this study proposes to make full use of the important time node of the post-epidemic era and proposes to actively promote the development of the tourism industry, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, use digital empowerment of the economic form, optimize the environmental health system and other targeted countermeasures to keep the coupling degree and coordination between the three within a reasonable range. This ensures the sustainable development of social systems in the region. This study has made some contributions to the development of high-quality tourism and a healthy environment. First of all, it enriches the content of the environmental health system. This study takes the ecological environment and atmospheric environment in the environmental health system as the entry point and adds the index content of the environmental health evaluation system, which provides a certain supplement for the relevant research on the environmental health system strength. Secondly, the relationship between the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health is analyzed and into a unified theoretical framework. This study takes the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is rich in tourism resources, as a case study site, and innovatively explores the coupling and coordination relationship among the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system in the case site. Finally, it provides targeted countermeasures for the sustainable development path of the three systems of tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health in the case site in the future. It is of positive practical significance to compare the coupling and coordination degree between the three, realize the coordinated, orderly, and healthy development of the three in the region, and provide operational suggestions for the upgrading of the tourism industry structure, the benign development of new urbanization, and the formulation of environmental health system policies.

A study on the spatial differences between the tourism network attention and tourism flow in Shanghai, China.

The tourism network attention as a reflection of tourism demand is closely related to the tourism flow, the differences between the two has become an important criterion for judging the efficiency of destination tourism demand conversion, as well as a manifestation of the balance and coordination of destination tourism industry. Against the background of insufficient release of tourism demand in China, research on the development differences between tourism network attention and tourism flow can provide a basis for demand-side management and high-quality development. Based on the theory of spatial mismatch, this research analyzes the spatial development difference between the tourism network attention and the tourism flow in Shanghai from 2012 to 2021 using methods such as center of gravity model, spatial mismatch index, and two-dimensional combination matrix. The results show: (1) According to the analysis of the center of gravity model, there was a shift of the center of gravity of tourism network attention with the direction of "south-north", while the tourism flow shifted "west-east"; the center of gravity between tourism network attention and tourism flow began to diverge from 2012 to 2016, gradually converged from 2016 to 2019, and then gradually deviated again after 2020. (2) According to the spatial mismatch index, the spatial mismatch types between tourism network attention and tourism flow in various Districts of Shanghai are mainly negative and low mismatch, with high mismatch areas mainly distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts of Shanghai. (3) Combining the two-dimensional combination matrix, it can be observed that the spatial development difference between tourism network attention and tourism flow in Shanghai show a characteristic of "enlarging-shrinking-enlarging". From 2012 to 2016, the spatial development difference between tourism network attention and tourism flow in Shanghai continuously expanded; from 2017 to 2019, the spatial development difference continuously shrank; and from 2020 to 2021, the spatial differences expanded again. (4) The analysis results of the panel data model show that the development of tourism resources and the level of tourism services have a positive promoting effect on the evolution of spatial mismatch, while the social basic development environment has a negative effect. The research results not only meet the needs of evaluating the high-quality development of the tourism industry in the current economic restructuring, providing direction for the high-quality development of the regional tourism industry, but also enrich the research content of network attention as a tourism element participating in the evaluation of tourism industry development quality, and deepen the relationship research between network attention and tourism flow.

Exploring the integration of artificial intelligence in the sports tourism industry

Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced from a theoretical concept to a practical application thanks to the quick development of computer science and information technology. AI, a fundamental component of contemporary civilization, has a growing impact on all facets of daily life, including sports training. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be viewed as a supporting technology that specifically supports athletes' physical education training through methods like data analysis and simulation of training scenarios. Even though research on AI is still in its early stages, it is important to investigate how it may be used in sports training becausethis cutting-edge technology could in some ways make it easier for individuals to train physically. This study begins by reviewing the prior work on AI applications.In, this study investigates three specific situations of AI application in sports training and describes the key concepts based on the core idea and related research findings of AI. This study focuses on the close connection between artificial intelligence (AI) and physical education instruction and emphasises the benefits of AI, such as its use, ease, and innovation. This study creates the appropriate information data interface mode based on the integration of the sports tourist sector and the culture industry. (AU)

Studying tourism development and its impact on carbon emissions.

Analyzing the influence of tourism on carbon emission has significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of tourism. Based on the panel data of 31 tourist cities in China from 2005 to 2022, this study utilizes a structural equation model to explore the carbon reduction effect of tourism development and its influencing mechanism. The results show that: (1) The overall carbon emission efficiency of tourism cities first decreased and then increased, rised to a peak of 0.923 in 2022. (2) Tourism development has a significant positive impact on carbon emission efficiency, and there are three influence paths: tourism → environmental regulation → carbon emission efficiency, tourism → environmental regulation → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency, and tourism → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency. (3) The influence of tourism development on carbon emission efficiency mainly depends on the direct effect, and the development of tourism also indirectly affect the industrial structure. Environmental regulation also mainly depends on the direct effect on carbon emission efficiency. (4) Foreign direct investment lead to the reduction of carbon emission efficiency in both direct and indirect aspects.

The influence mechanism of resource sharing on tourism industry innovation.

The development of the concept of "sharing" in the era of the digital economy has promoted significant changes in the innovation mechanism of the tourism industry. This article takes 31 provinces (municipalities and districts) in China as the research object, and collect four types of tourism statistics. Inspired by resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory, the article builds a research model of resource sharing for tourism industry innovation, proposes relevant hypotheses, discusses the influence mechanism of tourism industry innovation, and uses a fixed effects model and intermediary mechanism model for empirical test. The results show that the constructed model has good explanatory power and adaptability. Resource sharing can significantly drive tourism industry innovation, and the conclusion is robust. Tourism industry marketization, innovation ability, and competitiveness play an intermediary role in resource sharing to promote tourism industry innovation. The influence of resource sharing on tourism industry innovation has regional heterogeneity. The article aims to reveal the influence mechanism of resource sharing on tourism industry innovation under the digital economy, and the research conclusions can provide references for various provinces (municipalities and districts) to improve regional industrial innovation ability.

Let us take a walk to the sustainable tourism practices: a qualitative study through the lens of tourism experts.

The rising opportunities of sustainable tourism have brought many policies to control the exploitation of the environment and increase the reach of luxurious, safe, and authentic experiences to the different segments of tourists. This study seeks to prioritize the variables influencing the development of sustainable tourism and pinpoint key success factors that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It adopts a tri-dimensional framework encompassing economic, social, and environmental aspects, further delineated into eleven sub-dimensions, to provide a quantitative evaluation of sustainable tourism. We conducted interviews with 26 tourism industry experts hailing from eight countries, analyzing their responses using interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The results underscore the critical role of specific components in advancing sustainable tourism. In the economic dimension, "financial resources and tourism costs" emerge as vital factors. In the social dimension, "health and safety" takes center stage, while "green infrastructure" plays a pivotal role in the environmental dimension. These findings underscore the significance of these aspects in promoting sustainable tourism. Furthermore, this study explores the strategic importance of sustainable tourism equity in shaping tourism planning and development for emerging markets.

Corporate social responsibility initiatives and their role in firms' reputation and green economic recovery through organizational trust.

Maintaining operations in the face of crises like COVID-19 is difficult. Using the stakeholder theory, this study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs targeting company employees. Their social position and the likelihood of a green economic rebound (GER) are evaluated. Evidence shows that employee-focused CSR activities implemented by tourism boost organizational GER by fostering a more trusting work environment for their staff. Management and non-management staff at Chinese Tourism were polled using a non-probabilistic convenience sample and a 5-point Likert scale. Structured equation modeling was used to conduct structural analyses. Employee-focused CSR is a significant predictor of a firm reputation in the Chinese tourism industry. In addition, it is found that trust inside the organization acts as a go-between. The evidence also supports the hypothesis that a company's rising profile triggers GER. This research delves deeply into the connection between employees' perceptions of a company's employee-focused CSR initiatives, that company's reputation in the community, and employees' general enthusiasm for their job, a group that has been understudied until now. The findings are helpful for tourism management because they show them how to employ employee-focused CSR activities to strengthen connections with internal stakeholders while also using that reputation to shift to a greener way of doing business.

Evaluation and influencing factors of the tourism industry efficiency under carbon emission constraints in China.

A significant industrial transformation in China's tourism sector is currently taking place in response to carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets. This paper applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to calculate the efficiency of the tourism industry under carbon emission constraints and further investigates its influencing factors through the Tobit regression. The results are as follows: (1) The tourism efficiency under carbon emission constraints of China from 2000 to 2019 showed a trend of first rising and then declining, and there were obvious regional differences; (2) from 2000 to 2019, the total factor productivity of tourism in China increased significantly, while the contributions of technical progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency decreased sequentially; (3) the factors of industrial structure, transportation convenience, economic development level, degree of opening to the outside world, and the level of scientific and technological development have varying degrees of influence on tourism efficiency. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward several policy suggestions on tourism efficiency and low-carbon development. The findings of this paper have some bearing on developing nations' efforts to boost tourism efficiency and realize high-quality industry growth within the framework of sustainable development.

Role of geopolitical risk, currency fluctuation, and economic policy on tourist arrivals: temporal analysis of BRICS economies.

The tourism industry is vulnerable to a range of economic and political factors, which can have both short-term and long-term impacts on tourist arrivals. The study aims to investigate the temporal dynamics of these factors and their impact on tourist arrivals. The method employed is a panel data regression analysis, using data from BRICS economies over a period of 1980-2020. The dependent variable is the number of tourist arrivals, while the independent variables are geopolitical risk, currency fluctuation, and economic policy. Control variables such as GDP, exchange rate, and distance to major tourist destinations are also included. The results show that geopolitical risk and currency fluctuation have a significant negative impact on tourist arrivals, while economic policy has a positive impact. The study also finds that the impact of geopolitical risk is stronger in the short term, while the impact of economic policy is stronger in the long term. Additionally, the study shows that the effects of these factors on tourist arrivals vary across BRICS countries. The policy implications of this study suggest that BRICS economies need to develop proactive economic policies that promote stability and encourage investment in the tourism industry.

Examining the role of tourism industry in green economic and environmental performance: does structural change matter in Asia?

Tourism has become an increasingly significant contributor to economic growth in Asia. However, the rapid expansion of the tourism industry has also raised concerns about its impact on the environment and economic sustainability. Meanwhile, the structural transformation of economies in Asia has also been a major factor in shaping the region's environmental and economic performance. Thus, the present study aims to explore the impact of the tourism industry and structural change on green economic and environmental performance in Asia. Limited empirical evidence exists on the impact of tourism industry and structural change on CO2 emissions and green growth. The objective of this current study is to examine how tourism industry and structural change impact green economic and environmental performance over the period 1993 to 2020. For analyzing short- and long-run results across different quantiles, we have employed a nonlinear QARDL model that can provide estimates across different quantiles. The findings of the CO2 emissions model imply that long-term improvements in tourism and structural changes significantly reduce CO2 emissions. In contrast, the long-term negative changes in tourism and structural changes increase CO2 emissions. In the green growth model, long-term improvements in tourism and structural changes significantly improve green growth; however, the long-term decline in tourism and structural changes significantly reduce green growth. Moreover, the control variable of ICT reduces CO2 emissions and improves green growth, and energy consumption increases CO2 emissions and reduces green growth.

The Impact of Social Loafing on Turnover Intention for Tourism Employees Post COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Mental Health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread changes in the way that people work, including an increase in remote work and changes in group dynamics. Social loafing, the phenomenon of reduced individual effort in group settings, has been widely studied in the literature. However, less is known about the potential impacts of social loafing on mental health and turnover intention in this relationship. In this study, we hypothesized that social loafing would be related to turnover intention and that mental health would mediate this relationship. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 full-time tourism employees in Egypt. The obtained data were analyzed by Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results indicated that social loafing was significantly related to turnover intention and negative mental health consequences significantly mediated this relationship. The results showed that stress (as a dimension of mental health) experienced by employees may act as a mediator between social loafing and turnover intention. On the other hand, depression and anxiety were not observed to have a similar mediating effect. This implies that stress could play a vital role in the decision-making process of employees who are contemplating leaving their job due to social loafing. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing social loafing may have the added benefit of improving mental health and decreasing turnover intention in the workplace.

An attitude-behavioral model to understand people's behavior towards tourism during COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of pandemics on the tourism industry should be explored from the perspective of those who will travel, go to the tourist places on vacation, and avail services from tourism and hospitality-related organizations. This study has aimed to identify the reasons for the changed human psychology towards tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic to develop an attitude-behavioral model. This investigation thus conducted an extensive empirical study among tourists to capture their social, emotional, and financial beliefs. The research then examined the measurement model through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) before investigating the cause-effect relationship through the structural model. Analysis revealed that the negative effect of attitude on behavioral intention toward this new equilibrium is controlled by the emotional aspect of attitude. Furthermore this paper made several contributions to the literature on human psychology, crisis management, human behavior, marketing, and tourism.

Exploring the Coordination and Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of the Tourism-Economy-Environment Development in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China.

The rise of mass tourism has encouraged rapid economic growth; meanwhile, the eco-environmental system has come under increasing pressure. To achieve sustainable development, it is critical to deeply explore the relationship and evolution characteristics between three subsystems: tourism, the economy, and the eco-environment. This study aims to develop a more comprehensive indicator system for evaluating the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the tourism-economy-environment (TEE) system using statistical data from nine cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2019. We investigated the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of the TEE system in the PRD using the CCD model and the geo-detector model. The research results show the following: (1) The comprehensive benefits of the TEE system have increased steadily over the past 10 years, whereas the benefits of the eco-environment subsystem have fluctuated and been relatively unstable. (2) Spatially, in terms of tourism development, the eastern regions of the PRD are more developed than the western regions, and the regions with the greatest tourism benefits have gradually shifted to the northeastern regions of the PRD. Economic development presented an imbalanced but relatively stable spatial pattern. Guangzhou and Shenzhen have been the two most economically developed cities over the past 10 years. The eco-environment development has fluctuated over time, revealing a spatial pattern of cities with low environmental benefits in the center and cities with high eco-environmental benefits in the surrounding regions. (3) The PRD's TEE system has become more integrated, moving from moderate disorder to a model of high-quality coordinated development, demonstrating a spatial pattern in which the cities of high development coordination are located near the Pearl River Estuary, and the coordination decreases the further away they are from the estuary. (4) The major driving factors of heterogeneous TEE coordination development include eco-environment protection, opening-up policies, education investment, technological innovation level, and the regional economic development level. The results are expected to effectively promote economic, tourism, and environmental improvement in the PRD, as well as to provide policy recommendations for coordinated TEE development in other similar urban agglomerations.

Environmental regulation and tourism industry development: evidence from China.

Tourism is a large, environment-dependent global industry. As an important policy tool for environmental protection, environmental regulation plays a significant role in development of the tourism industry. Using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper innovatively analyzes the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on China's tourism development from the perspective of the integration of institutional and environmental economics. At the same time, this paper uses the instrumental variable two-stage least squares method (IV-2SLS) to solve the endogeneity problem of environmental regulation and China's tourism development, which makes the research conclusions more robust. The main results were as follows: (1) environmental regulation significantly promoted the development of the tourism industry. Specifically, tourist arrival (TA) and tourism revenue (TR) increased 8.79% and 8.64%, respectively, when the intensity of environmental regulation increased by 1%. This effect was still robust after applying a series of tests; (2) the impact of environmental regulation on the development of the tourism industry was heterogeneous for three aspects: the domestic and inbound tourism market, urban type, and urban location; (3) environmental regulation contributed to China's tourism industry development through industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and urban image promotion. Our findings offer valuable insight for the concerned authority and tourism sector to understand the positive role of environmental regulation in promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry by corresponding policy-making, industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and urban reputation building.

The future is yesterday: Use of AI-driven facial recognition to enhance value in the travel and tourism industry.

This study aims to investigate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) driven facial recognition to enhance a value proposition by influencing different areas of services in the travel and tourism industry. We adopted semi-structured interviews to derive insights from 26 respondents. Thematic analysis reveals the development of four main themes (personalization, data-driven service offering, security and safety, and seamless payments). Further, we mapped the impact of AI- driven facial recognition to enhance value and experience for corporate guests. Findings indicate that AI-based facial recognition can facilitate the travel and tourism industry in understanding travelers' needs, optimization of service offers, and value-based services, whereas data-driven services can be realized in the form of customized trip planning, email, and calendar integration, and quick bill summarization. This contributes to strengthening the tourism literature through the lens of organizational information processing theory.

Study on the coupling and coordination degree between urban tourism development and habitat environment in the Yangtze River Delta in China.

By constructing the two evaluation systems of urban tourism development (TD) and habitat environment (HE), the dynamic response relationship between the two systems in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2001 to 2020 is explored by using panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model and coupled coordination degree model. The study unearthed four intriguing findings: (1) the level of TD in the study area has been continuously rising from 2001 to 2020, with an initial slow growth rate and then fast. The level of HE is increasing steadily at an average annual rate of 7.05%. There exists a reciprocal response relationship between the two systems, with a strong shock effect in the short term and a synergistic evolution in the long term. (2) The coupling degree between the urban TD and HE has an increasing trend, and the coupling coordination degree of the two systems has an average annual rate of 4.165%, implying the interaction and promotion effect between the two systems is improving. (3) Most of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta gradually realize the evolution from dysfunctional type to coordinated type, but the overall coordination intensity is low. (4) The barrier degrees of TD system indicators show a small annual increasing trend, while the barrier degrees of HE system indicators show a substantial and continuous decreasing trend. In terms of the barrier degree factors, some important factors that restrict the coupled and coordinated development of the two systems are also reported. This research can provide a useful reference for the synergistic improvement of urban tourism economy and habitat environment.

Integrating values, ascribed responsibility and environmental concern to predict customers' intention to visit green hotels: the mediating role of personal norm.

Introduction: It is crucial to understand the environmental friendly behavior of tourists. The utilization of natural resources by the tourists poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. Fostering environmental friendly practices within tourism industry will help to protect future generation. The current study will evaluate the influence of values, ascribed responsibility, environmental concern and personal norms on customers' intention to visit green hotels. Furthermore, it will assess the mediating effect of personal norms via ascribed responsibility and environmental concern. Methods: The study collected data from Data 347 customers through a questionnaire survey method. Partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed for the analysis of data. Results and discussion: The findings indicate that values are significant factors affecting ascribed responsibility and environmental concern. Environmental concern direct impact on intention was insignificant. However, the environmental concern significantly affect intention to visit green hotels via personal norms indicating full mediating impact of personal norms.

Health monitoring and management system in platform sports tourism based on cell phones and internet of things / Sistema de monitoramento e gestão de saúde no turismo esportivo de plataforma baseado em celulares e internet das coisas / Sistema de monitorización y gestión de la salud en la plataforma de turismo deportivo basado en teléfonos móviles e internet de las cosas

ABSTRACT Introduction: The prospect of high income brought about by economic development has made it possible for more people to join platform sports tourism to maximize their quality of life and spiritual experience. However, health problems in this modality are frequent. Objective: To verify the impacts of a cloud-based health monitoring and management system, using mobile devices and the Internet of Things, on the health problems of platform sports tourism. Methods: Systematic technical research combined with technology preceded the design of the functional module of the platform sports tourism health monitoring and management system through analysis of the demand for health monitoring and management. Finally, the platform sports tourism health monitoring was validated through system testing. Results and Conclusion: The effectiveness and test results of the management system show that the accuracy of physiological signals reaches 90%. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A perspectiva de alta renda trazida pelo desenvolvimento econômico tem proporcionado a mais pessoas aderirem ao turismo esportivo de plataformas visando maximizar a qualidade de vida e sensação de experiência espiritual. Porém, os problemas de saúde nessa modalidade são frequentes. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos de um sistema para monitoramento e gestão de saúde baseado na nuvem, utilizando dispositivos móveis e internet das coisas, proporcionados nos problemas de saúde do turismo esportivo de plataformas. Métodos: Pesquisas técnicas sistemáticas combinadas com tecnologia precederam o desenho do módulo funcional do sistema de monitoramento e gestão da saúde no turismo esportivo de plataformas através da análise na demanda de monitoramento e gestão da saúde. Finalmente, o monitoramento da saúde do turismo esportivo de plataformas foi validado através do teste no sistema. Resultados e Conclusão: A eficácia e os resultados dos testes do sistema de gerenciamento mostram que a precisão dos sinais fisiológicos chega a 90%. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Resumen Introducción: La perspectiva de altos ingresos traída por el desarrollo económico ha hecho que más personas se unan a la plataforma de turismo deportivo con el objetivo de maximizar la calidad de vida y el sentido de la experiencia espiritual. Sin embargo, los problemas de salud en esta modalidad son frecuentes. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos de un sistema de monitorización y gestión de la salud basado en la nube, utilizando dispositivos móviles e Internet de las cosas, proporcionados en los problemas de salud del turismo deportivo de las plataformas. Métodos: La investigación técnica sistemática combinada con la tecnología precedió al diseño del módulo funcional del sistema de monitorización y gestión de la salud en el turismo deportivo de plataforma a través del análisis sobre la demanda de monitorización y gestión de la salud. Por último, la plataforma de vigilancia de la salud del turismo deportivo se validó mediante pruebas del sistema. Resultados y conclusión: La eficacia y los resultados de las pruebas del sistema de gestión muestran que la precisión de las señales fisiológicas alcanza el 90%. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Exploring the Ecological Performance of China's Tourism Industry: A Three-Stage Undesirable SBM-DEA Approach with Carbon Footprint.

The environmental impact of carbon emissions and the carbon footprint from tourism activities are significant for promoting low-carbon development in the tourism industry. This paper employed a bottom-up approach to estimate the carbon footprint and energy consumption of China's tourism industry. Then, the three-stage undesirable SBM-DEA model was employed to evaluate and decompose the eco-efficiency of China's provincial tourism industry from 2008 to 2017. The results showed that the eco-efficiency of most provinces has experienced a slight increase during the past ten years, while management inefficiency within the tourism industry has been the main restriction of the utilization of tourism resources in most regions. The decomposition and quadrant analysis indicated that scale efficiency was the direct driver of the poor ecological performance in Northeast China, while technical efficiency dominated the tourism eco-efficiency in South-Central China. These two issues have together led to the poor utilization of the rich tourism resources and the natural environment in Southwest China. On the basis of these discussions, differentiated policy implications towards different kinds of regions were provided to promote low-carbon development and to realize the potential of tourism resources in China's tourism industry.