Urban Mobility Pattern Detection: Development of a Classification Algorithm Based on Machine Learning and GPS.

This study introduces an innovative algorithm for classifying transportation modes. It categorizes modes such as walking, biking, tram, bus, taxi, and private vehicles based on data collected through sensors embedded in smartphones. The data include date, time, latitude, longitude, altitude, and speed, gathered using a mobile application specifically designed for this project. These data were collected through the smartphone's GPS to enhance the accuracy of the analysis. The stopping times of each transport mode, as well as the distance traveled and average speed, are analyzed to identify patterns and distinctive features. Conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador, the study aims to develop and validate an algorithm to enhance urban planning. It extracts significant features from mobility patterns, including speed, acceleration, and over-acceleration, and applies longitudinal dynamics to train the classification model. The classification algorithm relies on a decision tree model, achieving a high accuracy of 94.6% in validation and 94.9% in testing, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Additionally, the precision metric of 0.8938 signifies the model's ability to make correct positive predictions, with nearly 90% of positive instances correctly identified. Furthermore, the recall metric at 0.83084 highlights the model's capability to identify real positive instances within the dataset, capturing over 80% of positive instances. The calculated F1-score of 0.86117 indicates a harmonious balance between precision and recall, showcasing the models robust and well-rounded performance in classifying transport modes effectively. The study discusses the potential applications of this method in urban planning, transport management, public transport route optimization, and urban traffic monitoring. This research represents a preliminary stage in generating an origin-destination (OD) matrix to better understand how people move within the city.

Tourist trip design with heterogeneous preferences, transport mode selection and environmental considerations.

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world with a shift from mass tourism to personalized travel. Nevertheless, it generates significant environmental impacts. The current events associated with quarantine measures generated by COVID-19 represent, however, a risk for this sector. It is hence necessary to create strategies that allow efficient decision-making for all echelons and actors for a rapid recovery. Tourists are key actors, which makes necessary to facilitate tourism trip planning according to tourists' preferences as a complex process. In this paper, we propose a novel model of tourist trip planning for heterogeneous preferences in a tourist group and selection of transport modes, in the first instance, while a second step seeks at minimizing the level of CO2 emissions. A comparison of the two models is made considering the objectives associated with individual tourist benefits and group profit equity, in contrast to the inclusion of the cost of CO2 emissions. A numerical comparison is carried out with a total of 546 data sets. Results illustrate the conflict between those objectives by generating an inverse relationship between the individual and group profit equity of tourists, in addition to individual benefit and emission minimization.