Clinical and urodynamics outcomes in pediatric primary bladder diverticula: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of bladder diverticula smaller than 30 (SD) mm and larger than 30 mm (LD) on bladder functions and urodynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective analysis involved a cohort of 40 pediatric patients diagnosed with primary bladder diverticula. RESULTS: The predicted mean bladder capacity (MBC) was 197.7 ± 95.8 mL, whereas the observed MBC was lower at an average of 170.1 ± 79.6 mL. This indicates that the observed MBC was 88.2 ± 12.9% of the predicted value (percentage). The mean diverticula diameter recorded was 33 ± 19.5 mm, and the diverticula to MBC ratio were calculated to be 0.25 ± 0.18. The distribution of urinary tract infections (UTIs) differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.001). Upper UT dilatation was significantly more common in the LD group (60%, n = 12) than in the SD group (15%, n = 3) (p = 0.003). The mean detrusor pressure (P[detrusor]) was significantly higher in the LD group (137.2 ± 24.1 cm H2O) than in the SD group (63.9 ± 5.8 cm H2O) (p = 0.001). In addition, the mean peak flow rate (Qmax) was significantly higher in the SD group (20.7 ± 7.9 mL/s) compared to the LD group (12.7 ± 3.8 mL/s) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Bladder diverticula size is a significant factor in the clinical presentation and management of primary bladder diverticula in pediatric patients.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos de los divertículos vesicales menores 30 mm (SD), mayores 30 mm (LD) en las funciones y urodinámica de vejiga. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Nuestro análisis retrospectivo involucró una cohorte de 40 pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con divertículos vesicales primarios. RESULTADOS: Capacidad vesical media predicha (MBC) fue de 197.7 ± 95.8 mL, mientras que MBC observada fue menor con promedio de 170.1 ± 79.6 mL. Esto indica que MBC observada fue del 88.2 ± 12.9% del valor predicho (porcentaje). Diámetro medio de divertículos registrados fue de 33 ± 19.5 mm, y se calculó que relación entre los divertículos y la MBC era de 0.25 ± 0.18. Distribución de infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) difirió significativamente entre grupos (p < 0.001). Dilatación del tracto urinario superior (UT) fue significativamente más común en grupo LD (60%, n = 12) que en grupo SD (15%, n = 3) (p = 0.003). Presión media del detrusor (P[detrusor]) fue significativamente mayor en grupo LD (137.2 ± 24.1 cm H2O) que en grupo SD (63.9 ± 5.8 cm H2O) (p = 0.001). Además, tasa de flujo máximo promedio (Qmax) fue significativamente mayor en grupo SD (20.7 ± 7.9 mL/seg) en comparación con grupo LD (12.7±3.8 mL/seg) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Tamaño de divertículos vesicales es factor significativo en presentación clínica, manejo de divertículos vesicales primarios en pacientes pediátricos.

Herramientas para la evaluación integral de la función sexual en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple / Tools for comprehensive evaluation of sexual function in patients with multiple sclerosis

Introducción: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad desmielinizante del sistema nervioso central (SNC) que afecta a adultos jóvenes, ocasionando una variedad de síntomas (motores, visuales, control de esfínteres, alteraciones de la marcha) que impactan la funcionalidad del paciente; sin embargo, otros síntomas, como la disfunción sexual (DS), también pueden tener un efecto sobre la calidad de vida.DesarrolloLa DS puede presentarse en cualquier momento del curso de la enfermedad, su prevalencia varía entre 50 y 90%, puede ser secundaria a lesiones desmielinizantes en médula espinal y/o cerebro, ocasionada por síntomas que no incluyen directamente el sistema nervioso —fatiga, aspectos psicológicos, sociales y culturales—. Si bien se ha logrado establecer su prevalencia y su impacto sobre la calidad de vida, la DS todavía es una condición frecuentemente subestimada, razón por la cual en este artículo se revisan las diferentes escalas que ayudan a evaluar la presencia o la severidad de esta para dar un manejo multidisciplinario temprano, según corresponda.ConclusiónCinco cuestionarios han sido evaluados y/o diseñados para pacientes con EM, los cuales podrían identificar la presencia de DS, su etiología y, con esto, determinar posibilidades de tratamiento. La EM debe ser comprendida como una enfermedad compleja que abarca y compromete diferentes aspectos de la salud de los pacientes, y va más allá de solo medir escalas de discapacidad. (AU)

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that impair the patient's functional status. However, other symptoms, such as sexual dysfunction, can also have an effect on quality of life.DevelopmentSexual dysfunction can occur at any time during the course of the disease; its prevalence varies between 50% and 90%, and it can be secondary to demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and/or brain or caused by symptoms that do not directly involve the nervous system (fatigue; psychological, social, and cultural factors; etc.). Although its prevalence and impact on quality of life are well known, sexual dysfunction is still frequently underestimated. Therefore, in this article we review the different scales for assessing presence or severity of sexual dysfunction, in order to offer early multidisciplinary management.ConclusionWe evaluated 5 questionnaires that could identify the presence of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS and determine its aetiology, assisting in treatment decision making. MS must be understood as a complex disease that encompasses and compromises different aspects of patients’ health, and goes beyond simply measuring disability. (AU)

Tools for comprehensive evaluation of sexual function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that impair the patient's functional status. However, other symptoms, such as sexual dysfunction, can also have an effect on quality of life. DEVELOPMENT: Sexual dysfunction can occur at any time during the course of the disease; its prevalence varies between 50% and 90%, and it can be secondary to demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and/or brain or caused by symptoms that do not directly involve the nervous system (fatigue; psychological, social, and cultural factors; etc.). Although its prevalence and impact on quality of life are well known, sexual dysfunction is still frequently underestimated. Therefore, in this article we review the different scales for assessing presence or severity of sexual dysfunction, in order to offer early multidisciplinary management. CONCLUSION: We evaluated 5 questionnaires that could identify the presence of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS and determine its aetiology, assisting in treatment decision making. MS must be understood as a complex disease that encompasses and compromises different aspects of patients' health, and goes beyond simply measuring disability.

Tratamento de incontinência urinária em mulheres / Treatment of urinary incontinence in women

Introdução: A incontinência urinária em mulheres causa problemas físicos, econômicos e psicossociais que interferem no convívio social, profissional, sexual e familiar. Objetivo: Analisar o resultado do tratamento de mulheres com incontinência urinária diagnosticadas por estudo urodinâmico verificando aderência ao tratamento e influência na qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foram analisados de forma retrospectiva laudos de estudo urodinâmico e realizada entrevista com 42 mulheres, com um questionário composto pela identificação, com dados ginecológicos e características do tratamento, e questões presentes no International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form. Resultados: Das entrevistadas (n=42) 22 tinham incontinência urinária de esforço (52,3%), 13 mista (30,9%) e 7 de urgência (16,6%). Quanto à idade, 42,8% tinham 60 anos ou mais; 30,9% com 50-59 anos; 19% com 40-49 anos; e 7,1% com menos de 40 anos. Quanto ao convênio, 14 (33,3%) foram pelo SAS, 24 (57%) pelo SUS e 4 (9,5%) particular. Quando perguntadas sobre operação anti-incontinência prévia, 76,2% não a realizaram e 23,8% sim com algum tipo. Conclusão: As mulheres que realizam o tratamento completo e pelo tempo determinado tiveram maior índice de qualidade de vida em relação às que não realizaram. O tratamento que demonstrou melhor impacto na qualidade de vida foi cirúrgico associado à fisioterapia.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence in women causes physical, economic and psychosocial problems that interfere with social, professional, sexual and family life. Objective: To analyze the outcome of the treatment of women with incontinence urodynamically diagnosed, verifying adherence to treatment and influence on quality of life. Methods: Urodynamic study reports were retrospectively analysed and interviews were conducted with 42 women, with a questionnaire consisting of identification, with gynecological data and treatment characteristics, and questions present in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form. Results: Of the interviewees (n=42), 22 had stress urinary incontinence (52.3%), 13 mixed (30.9%) and 7 urge (16.6%). As for age, 42.8% were 60 years old or older; 30.9% aged 50-59 years; 19% aged 40-49 years; and 7.1% under 40 years old. As for the health insurance, 14 (33.3%) were through SAS, 24 (57%) through SUS and 4 (9.5%) private. When asked about previous anti-incontinence surgery, 76.2% didn´t performed and 23.8% had some type of surgery. Conclusion: Women who undergo the complete treatment and in specified time had a higher quality of life index compared to those who did not. The treatment that demonstrated the best impact on quality of life was surgery associated with physiotherapy

Use of Urodynamics by Gynecologists and Urologists in Brazil / Uso da urodinâmica por ginecologistas e urologistas no Brasil

Abstract Objective Urodynamic studies (UDSs) are a set of tests that assess the storage and emptying of urine, and they are widely used by gynecologists and urologists in the management of urinary incontinence (UI), despite the discussion about its indications. The objectives of the present study were to verify whether UDSs are routinely used in the conservative and surgical approaches to female UI, their other clinical indications, and to compare the responses of Brazilian gynecologists and urologists. Methods The present is an opinion survey applied from August 2020 to January 2021 through a semistructured questionnaire about the clinical practice sent by e-mail to all participants. The responses were compared through statistical analyses. Results Of the 329 participants, 238 were gynecologists (72.3%) and 91, urologists (27.7%). Most gynecologists (73.5%) and urologists (86.6%) do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI; but UDSs are indicated in the preoperative period of anti-incontinence surgeries. Most participants request UDSs in the initial approach to overactive bladder (gynecologists: 88.2%; urologists: 96.7%), and the urologist has greater chance to request this study (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9). For most participants, it is necessary to request uroculture before the UDSs. Conclusion Most Brazilian gynecologists and urologists who participated in the present study do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI, according to national and internacional guidelines, and often request it before the surgical treatment for female UI. The indication of this exam in the initial approach of idiopathic overactive bladder should be reviewed by the participants.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo urodinâmico (EU) é um conjunto de exames que avalia o armazenamento e esvaziamento da urina, e é amplamente utilizado por ginecologistas e urologistas no manejo da incontinência urinária (IU), apesar das discussões sobre suas indicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a urodinâmica é rotineiramente utilizada nas abordagens conservadora e cirúrgica da IU feminina, além de outras de suas indicações clínicas, e comparar as respostas de ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros. Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa de opinião, realizada entre agosto de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, por meio de questionário semiestruturado composto por perguntas sobre a prática clínica enviado por e-mail a todos os participantes. As respostas foram comparadas mediante análises estatísticas. Resultados Dos 329 participantes, 238 eram ginecologistas (72,3%) e 91, urologistas (27,7%). A maioria dos ginecologistas (73,5%) e urologistas (86,6%) não solicita EU antes do tratamento conservador da IU; mas o EU é indicado no pré-operatório de cirurgias para IU. A maioria dos participantes solicita EU na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa (ginecologistas: 88,2%; urologistas: 96,7%), e os urologistas têm maior chance de solicitar esse exame (razão de chances [RC] = 3,9). Para a maioria dos entrevistados, é necessário solicitar urocultura junto com o EU. Conclusão A maioria dos ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros que participaram deste estudo não solicita EU antes do tratamento conservador da IU, de acordo com as principais diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, e muitas vezes o solicita antes do tratamento cirúrgico da IU feminina. A indicação desse exame na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa idiopática deve ser revista pelos participantes.

[Urodynamic AUR in Guillain-Barré syndrome post-infection by coronavirus Sars-CoV-2. A bibliographic review.] / Urodinámica de la RAO en el síndrome De Guillain-Barré post-infección por coronavirus Sars-Cov-2. Revisión bibliográfica.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection has beenassociated with the development of the novo genitourinarysymptoms and neurological symptomssecondary to peripheral nervous system damage.One of the neurological pathologies described associatedwith the infection has been Guillain-Barrésyndrome (GBS). We conducted a review of the literatureon SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relationshipwith lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such asurinary retention (AUR). Bladder alterations derivedfrom neurological involvement by SARS-CoV-2,such as GBS, were also analyzed. An own case ispresented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature searchwas performed using a combination of keywords(MeSH terms): "COVID", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2","Urinary retention" and "Guillain-Barre Syndromeand Urodynamics". We searched for articles publishedup to March 2021. All articles identified fromthe bibliographic search were analyzed, using thePICOS criteria (participants, intervention, comparisons,results, type of study) to assess the eligibilityof the articles. Both prospective and retrospectivestudies, clinical cases and published systematicreviews were included. RESULTS: Findings in the academic literatureabout the associations between COVID-19 and RAO,LUTS and Guillain-Barré Syndrome are discussed,as well as their possible pathogenic mechanisms,A summary of relevant studies on urodynamic findingsin GBS patients is also provided. The resultsare summarized in attached tables. A case of AURassociated with COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré Syndromeis provided, with its urodynamic findings. CONCLUSION: Although the association betweenurinary symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 is not well described,there seems to be evidence of a possibleassociation, at least temporary, between the presentationof SARS-Cov-2 infection and the developmentof GBS with secondary LUT neurophysiologyalterations.

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: La infecciónpor coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 se ha asociadoa la aparición de síntomas genitourinarios de novo,además de síntomas neurológicos secundarios al dañodel sistema nervioso periférico. Una de las patologíasneurológicas descritas asociadas a la infección ha sidoel síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). Realizamos unarevisión de la literatura sobre la infección por SARSCoV-2 y su relación con los síntomas del tracto urinarioinferior (STUI), como la retención urinaria (RAO).Se analizaron también las alteraciones vesicales derivadasde la afectación neurológica por SARS-CoV-2,como el SGB. Se presenta un caso propio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsquedade la literatura utilizando una combinación de palabrasclave (términos MeSH): "COVID", "COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2", "Urinary retention" y "Guillain-BarreSyndrome and Urodynamics". Se realizaron búsquedasde artículos publicados hasta marzo de 2021. Todos los artículos identificados a partir de la búsquedabibliográfica fueron analizados, utilizando los criteriosPICOS (participantes, intervención, comparaciones,resultados, tipo de estudio) para evaluar la elegibilidadde los artículos. Se incluyeron tanto estudios prospectivos,retrospectivos, casos clínicos y revisiones sistemáticaspublicadas. RESULTADOS: Se discuten los hallazgos en la literaturade las asociaciones entre COVID-19 y RAO, STUIy Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, así como sus posiblesmecanismos patogénicos. También se aporta un resumende trabajos relevantes sobre hallazgos urodinámicosen pacientes con SGB. Los resultados seresumen en tablas anexas. Se aporta un caso de RAOasociado a COVID-19 y Síndrome de Guillain-Barrécon sus hallazgos urodinámicos. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de la asociación entre síntomasurinarios y SARS-CoV-2 no está bien descrita, pareceque hay indicios de una posible asociación, al menostemporal entre la presentación de infección porcoronavirus SARS-Cov-2 y el desarrollo de un SGB conalteraciones de la neurofisiología del TUI secundaria.

Eficacia y seguridad de la inyección de onabotulinumtoxin A en pacientes varones con hiperactividad del detrusor tras la cirugía para incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo / Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxin A injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity after stress urinary incontinence surgery

Introducción y objetivo El uso de la inyección de onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNT-A) en pacientes masculinos con hiperactividad del detrusor (HD) tras la cirugía para la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) ha sido escasamente descrito. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los resultados de este tratamiento en esta población específica.Materiales y métodosAnálisis retrospectivo desde 2010 en pacientes varones que reciben una primera inyección de 100U de BoNT-A para el tratamiento de HD tras someterse a una cirugía previa para la IUE en nuestro departamento. La respuesta al tratamiento se valoró mediante la Escala de Beneficio del Tratamiento: 1) mejoría significativa; 2) mejoría; 3) sin cambios; 4) empeoramiento tras el tratamiento (Escala de Beneficio del Tratamiento 1 o 2: respuesta al tratamiento). Las complicaciones se catalogaron según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Se consideró la continuación del tratamiento si los pacientes habían recibido una inyección de BoNT-A durante los 12 meses previos a la última revisión. Se compararon las variables urodinámicas antes y después del tratamiento.Resultados Se incluyeron 18 pacientes, con una edad mediana de 71,1 (59,1-83,5) años. Doce (66,7%) pacientes refirieron respuesta al tratamiento. Se detectaron 2 (11,1%) complicaciones: retención urinaria que requirió cateterismo intermitente limpio (Clavien-Dindo 2). No se detectaron complicaciones relacionadas con la cirugía previa para la IUE. Quince (83,3%) pacientes recibieron un seguimiento>12 meses (mediana de seguimiento 57 [15-89] meses) y todos habían suspendido el tratamiento al final del seguimiento. Se observó una mejoría significativa en la presencia de HD y en la acomodación vesical en el estudio urodinámico.ConclusiónAunque la mayoría de los hombres con HD después de la cirugía de IUE responden a la inyección intradetrusor de BoNT-A, todos interrumpen el tratamiento por motivos personales. Se trata de un procedimiento seguro, cuya

Introduction and objective The use of onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNT-A) injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) after stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery has been scarcely described. Our aim was to assess results of this treatment in this specific population.Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of men with previous SUI surgery who had been treated with a first injection of 100U BoNT-A because of DO since 2010 in our department. Treatment response was assessed with the Treatment Benefit Scale: 1) greatly improved; 2) improved; 3) not changed; 4) worsened after treatment (Treatment Benefit Scale 1 or 2: treatment response). Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Treatment continuation was considered present if, at the last visit, patients had received a BoNT-A injection within the preceding 12 months. Pre- and post-treatment urodynamic variables were compared.Results Eighteen patients were included, median age 71.1 (59.1-83.5) years. Twelve (66.7%) patients reported response to treatment. Two (11.1%) complications were detected: urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization (Clavien-Dindo 2). No complications related to previous SUI surgery were detected. Fifteen (83.3%) patients had a follow-up>12 months (median follow-up 57 [15-89] months) and all of them had discontinued treatment at the end of follow-up. Urodynamic studies showed significant improvement in terms of DO and bladder compliance.Conclusion Although most men with DO after SUI surgery respond to intradetrusor BoNT-A injection, all of them discontinue treatment due to personal reasons. It is a safe procedure, with urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization being the most frequent complication (AU)

Urodinámica de la rao en el Síndrome de Guillain-Barré post-infección por coronavirus SARS-COV-2. Revisión bibliográfica / Rao urodynamics in Guillain-Barré Syndrome post-infection by SARS-COV-2 coronavirus. Bibliographic review

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: La infección por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 se ha asociadoa la aparición de síntomas genitourinarios de novo,además de síntomas neurológicos secundarios al dañodel sistema nervioso periférico. Una de las patologíasneurológicas descritas asociadas a la infección ha sidoel síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). Realizamos unarevisión de la literatura sobre la infección por SARSCoV-2 y su relación con los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (STUI), como la retención urinaria (RAO).Se analizaron también las alteraciones vesicales derivadas de la afectación neurológica por SARS-CoV-2,como el SGB. Se presenta un caso propio.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsquedade la literatura utilizando una combinación de palabras clave (términos MeSH): “COVID”, “COVID-19”,“SARS-CoV-2”, “Urinary retention” y “Guillain-BarreSyndrome and Urodynamics”. Se realizaron búsquedas de artículos publicados hasta marzo de 2021. Todos los artículos identificados a partir de la búsquedabibliográfica fueron analizados, utilizando los criteriosPICOS (participantes, intervención, comparaciones,resultados, tipo de estudio) para evaluar la elegibilidadde los artículos. Se incluyeron tanto estudios prospectivos, retrospectivos, casos clínicos y revisiones sistemáticas publicadas.RESULTADOS: Se discuten los hallazgos en la literatura de las asociaciones entre COVID-19 y RAO, STUIy Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, así como sus posiblesmecanismos patogénicos. También se aporta un resumen de trabajos relevantes sobre hallazgos urodinámicos en pacientes con SGB. Los resultados seresumen en tablas anexas. Se aporta un caso de RAOasociado a COVID-19 y Síndrome de Guillain-Barrécon sus hallazgos urodinámicos.CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de la asociación entre síntomas urinarios y SARS-CoV-2 no está bien descrita, parece que hay indicios de una posible asociación, al menos temporal entre la presentación de infección porcoronavirus SARS-Cov-2 y el desarrollo de un SGB

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection has beenassociated with the development of the novo genitourinary symptoms and neurological symptomssecondary to peripheral nervous system damage.One of the neurological pathologies described associated with the infection has been Guillain-Barrésyndrome (GBS). We conducted a review of the literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relationshipwith lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such asurinary retention (AUR). Bladder alterations derived from neurological involvement by SARS-CoV-2,such as GBS, were also analyzed. An own case ispresented.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature searchwas performed using a combination of keywords(MeSH terms): “COVID”, “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”,“Urinary retention” and “Guillain-Barre Syndromeand Urodynamics”. We searched for articles published up to March 2021. All articles identified fromthe bibliographic search were analyzed, using thePICOS criteria (participants, intervention, comparisons, results, type of study) to assess the eligibility of the articles. Both prospective and retrospective studies, clinical cases and published systematicreviews were included.RESULTS: Findings in the academic literatureabout the associations between COVID-19 and RAO,LUTS and Guillain-Barré Syndrome are discussed,as well as their possible pathogenic mechanisms,A summary of relevant studies on urodynamic findings in GBS patients is also provided. The resultsare summarized in attached tables. A case of AURassociated with COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome is provided, with its urodynamic findings.CONCLUSION: Although the association betweenurinary symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 is not well described, there seems to be evidence of a possibleassociation, at least temporary, between the presentation of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the development of GBS with secondary LUT neurophysiologyalterations.

Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxin A injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity after stress urinary incontinence surgery.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The use of onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNT-A) injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) after stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery has been scarcely described. Our aim was to assess results of this treatment in this specific population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of men with previous SUI surgery who had been treated with a first injection of 100 U BoNT-A because of DO since 2010 in our department. Treatment response was assessed with the Treatment Benefit Scale: 1) greatly improved; 2) improved; 3) not changed; 4) worsened after treatment (Treatment Benefit Scale 1 or 2: treatment response). Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Treatment continuation was considered present if, at the last visit, patients had received a BoNT-A injection within the preceding 12 months. Pre- and post-treatment urodynamic variables were compared. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included, median age 71.1 (59.1-83.5) years. Twelve (66.7%) patients reported response to treatment. Two (11.1%) complications were detected: urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization (Clavien-Dindo 2). No complications related to previous SUI surgery were detected. Fifteen (83.3%) patients had a follow-up >12 months (median follow-up 57 [15-89] months) and all of them had discontinued treatment at the end of follow-up. Urodynamic studies showed significant improvement in terms of DO and bladder compliance. CONCLUSION: Although most men with DO after SUI surgery respond to intradetrusor BoNT-A injection, all of them discontinue treatment due to personal reasons. It is a safe procedure, with urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization being the most frequent complication.

Uso do estudo urodinâmico por ginecologistas e urologistas no Brasil / Use of the urodynamic study by gynecologists and urologists in Brazil

Objetivo: O estudo urodinâmico (EUD) é um conjunto de exames que estuda o armazenamento e o esvaziamento da urina e é amplamente utilizado por ginecologistas e urologistas na abordagem da incontinência urinária (IU) feminina, apesar da discussão sobre suas indicações. Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar se a urodinâmica é utilizada rotineiramente na abordagem conservadora e cirúrgica da IU feminina, e quais outras indicações clínicas, comparando as respostas entre ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de opinião por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, composto por perguntas sobre a prática clínica em IU, enviado por e-mail a ginecologistas e urologistas, e realizada entre agosto de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. As respostas foram comparadas por meio de análises estatísticas. Resultados: Dos 329 participantes, 238 (72,3%) eram ginecologistas e 91 (27,7%), urologistas. A maioria dos ginecologistas (73,5%) e urologistas (86,6%) não solicita EUD antes do tratamento conservador da IU, mas o EUD é indicado rotineiramente no pré-operatório de cirurgias anti-incontinência. A maioria dos participantes indica EUD na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa (88,2% vs. 96,7%) e há maior chance de o urologista solicitar mais EUD nessa situação (OR = 3,9). Para a maioria dos participantes, é necessário solicitar a urocultura antes do EUD. Conclusão: A maioria dos ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros não solicita o EUD antes do tratamento conservador da IU, de acordo com as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, e muitas vezes solicita antes do tratamento cirúrgico da IU feminina. A indicação desse exame na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa idiopática deve ser revisada pelos participantes.(AU)

Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxin A injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity after stress urinary incontinence surgery. / Eficacia y seguridad de la inyección de onabotulinumtoxin A en pacientes varones con hiperactividad del detrusor tras la cirugía para incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The use of onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNT-A) injection in male patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) after stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery has been scarcely described. Our aim was to assess results of this treatment in this specific population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of men with previous SUI surgery who had been treated with a first injection of 100U BoNT-A because of DO since 2010 in our department. Treatment response was assessed with the Treatment Benefit Scale: 1) greatly improved; 2) improved; 3) not changed; 4) worsened after treatment (Treatment Benefit Scale 1 or 2: treatment response). Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Treatment continuation was considered present if, at the last visit, patients had received a BoNT-A injection within the preceding 12 months. Pre- and post-treatment urodynamic variables were compared. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included, median age 71.1 (59.1-83.5) years. Twelve (66.7%) patients reported response to treatment. Two (11.1%) complications were detected: urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization (Clavien-Dindo 2). No complications related to previous SUI surgery were detected. Fifteen (83.3%) patients had a follow-up>12 months (median follow-up 57 [15-89] months) and all of them had discontinued treatment at the end of follow-up. Urodynamic studies showed significant improvement in terms of DO and bladder compliance. CONCLUSION: Although most men with DO after SUI surgery respond to intradetrusor BoNT-A injection, all of them discontinue treatment due to personal reasons. It is a safe procedure, with urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization being the most frequent complication.

Effect of preoperative urodynamic study on urinary outcomes after transobturator sling / Efeito do estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório nos resultados pós-operatórios do sling transobturador

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether performing preoperative urodynamic study influences postoperative urinary symptoms of women with stress urinary incontinence that underwent transobturator sling. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients treated for stress urinary incontinence by transobturator sling from August 2011 to October 2018. Predictor variables included preoperative urodynamic study, age, incontinence severity, body mass index, preoperative storage symptoms and previous anti-urinary incontinence procedure. Outcome variables were postoperative subjective continence status, storage symptoms and complications. Logistic regression after propensity score was employed to compare outcomes between patients who underwent or not pre-operative urodynamic study. Results The present study included 88 patients with an average follow-up of 269 days. Most patients (n = 52; 59.1%) described storage symptoms other than stress urinary incontinence, and 38 patients (43.2%) underwent preoperative urodynamic studies. Logistic regression after propensity score did not reveal an association between urinary continence outcomes and performance of preoperative urodynamic study (odds ratio 0.57; confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-2.49). Among women that did not undergo urodynamic study, there was a subjective improvement in urinary incontinence in 92% of the cases versus 87% in those that underwent urodynamic study (p = 0.461). Furthermore, postoperative storage symptoms were similar between women who did not undergo urodynamic study and those who underwent urodynamic study, 13.2% versus 18.4%, respectively (p = 0.753). Conclusion Preoperative urodynamic study had no impact on urinary incontinence cure outcomes as well as on urinary storage symptoms after the transobturator sling in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a influência do estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório nos resultados miccionais pós-operatórios em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço submetidas a sling transobturador. Métodos Análise retrospectiva de mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço submetidas a sling transobturador entre agosto de 2011 e outubro de 2018. As variáveis preditoras pré-operatórias, entre outras, foram a realização do estudo urodinâmico, gravidade da incontinência e sintomas urinários de armazenamento. As variáveis de desfecho pós-operatórias foram o status subjetivo da continência, sintomas de armazenamento urinário e complicações cirúrgicas. A regressão logística após o escore de propensão foi empregada para comparar os resultados entre os pacientes que foram submetidos ou não ao estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório. Resultados Foram incluídas no presente estudo 88 pacientes com um seguimento médio de 269 dias. A maioria das pacientes apresentava sintomas miccionais de armazenamento (n = 52; 59,1%) concomitantes à incontinência urinária de esforço. Um pouco menos da metade das pacientes (n = 38; 43,2%) foram submetidas a estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório. A regressão logística após o escore de propensão não revelou associação entre os resultados de continência urinária e a realização de estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório (odds ratio 0,57; intervalo de confiança [IC]: 0,11-2,49). Além disso, os sintomas de armazenamento urinário pós-operatórios foram similares entre as pacientes que não realizaram e aquelas que realizaram o estudo urodinâmico, 13,2% e 18,4% respectivamente (p = 0,753). Conclusão O estudo urodinâmico pré-operatório não teve impacto nos resultados de continência urinária, bem como nos sintomas de armazenamento urinário após o sling transobturatório.

Tools for comprehensive evaluation of sexual function in patients with multiple sclerosis. / Herramientas para la evaluación integral de la función sexual en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that impair the patient's functional status. However, other symptoms, such as sexual dysfunction, can also have an effect on quality of life. DEVELOPMENT: Sexual dysfunction can occur at any time during the course of the disease; its prevalence varies between 50% and 90%, and it can be secondary to demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and/or brain or caused by symptoms that do not directly involve the nervous system (fatigue; psychological, social, and cultural factors; etc.). Although its prevalence and impact on quality of life are well known, sexual dysfunction is still frequently underestimated. Therefore, in this article we review the different scales for assessing presence or severity of sexual dysfunction, in order to offer early multidisciplinary management. CONCLUSION: We evaluated 5 questionnaires that could identify the presence of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS and determine its aetiology, assisting in treatment decision making. MS must be understood as a complex disease that encompasses and compromises different aspects of patients' health, and goes beyond simply measuring disability.

The course of alterations in ureteral jet dynamics following kidney transplantation: a prospective observational cohort study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To prospectively investigate the alterations and normal ranges of ureteral jet dynamics after double-J-stent (DJS) removal in patients who underwent renal transplantation (RTx). METHODS Patients who underwent RTx were prospectively evaluated between November 2017 and June 2018. After RTx, Doppler ultrasonography (D-US) was performed on all patients after DJS removal. Renal artery resistive index (RA-Ri), renal pelvis anterior-posterior diameter (RP-APD), pelvicalyceal system dilation (PCSD), and ureteral jet flow dynamics (maximum and average velocity; JETmax and JETave) were measured by D-US. Also, patients' demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, and acute rejection were investigated in the study. Patients were assessed two different times by D-US, about 6 and 12 weeks after DJS removal, and the two different measurements were compared with the Wilcoxon test and Chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were evaluated in the study. Nonobstructive PCSD rate (12% vs 8%), JETave (18.8 vs 12.9 cm/sec), and JETmax (29.2 vs 20 cm/sec) levels were significantly decreased (p values are 0.01, 0.010 and 0.014, respectively). In addition, monophasic and square pattern rates were significantly observed to increase over time (p=0.035); however, ureteral jet patterns were correlated between the two different D-US measurements (R=0.225, p=0.032). CONCLUSION After RTx, dilation rate and ureteral jet flow velocities were significantly decreased, and monophasic and square JETpattern rates were significantly increased over time. Ureteral jet dynamics can provide useful information about the follow-up of peristaltic activity in the pelvic-ureteric system.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Investigar prospectivamente as alterações e as variações normais da dinâmica do jato ureteral após a remoção do J-stent duplo (DJS) em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal (RTx). MÉTODOS Pacientes submetidos a RTx foram avaliados prospectivamente entre novembro de 2017 e junho de 2018. Após o RTx, o D-US foi realizado em todos os pacientes após a remoção do DJS. Índice de resistência da artéria renal (RA-Ri), diâmetro ântero-posterior da pelve renal (AP-DPR), dilatação do sistema pelvicaliceal (PCSD) e dinâmica do jato ureteral (velocidade máxima e média; JETmax e JETave) foram medidos por D-US. Além disso, a demografia dos pacientes, os níveis estimados de taxa de filtração glomerular (eGFR) e a rejeição aguda foram investigados no estudo. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos diferentes pelo D-US, cerca de 6 e 12 semanas após a remoção do DJS, e as duas medidas diferentes foram comparadas com o teste de Wilcoxon e o teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS Um total de 25 pacientes foi avaliado no estudo. Taxa de PCSD não obstrutiva (12% vs. 8%), JETave (18,8 vs. 12,9 cm/seg) e JETmax (29,2 vs. 20 cm/seg), os níveis foram significativamente diminuídos (valores de p são 0,01, 0,010 e 0,014, respectivamente). Além disso, as taxas de padrão monofásico e quadrado foram significativamente observadas para aumentar ao longo do tempo (p=0,035); no entanto, padrões de jato ureteral foram correlacionados entre as duas diferentes medidas D-US (R=0,225, p=0,032). CONCLUSÃO Após o RTx, a velocidade de dilatação e as velocidades de fluxo do jato ureteral foram significativamente diminuídas e as taxas de JET padrão monofásico e quadrado foram significativamente aumentadas ao longo do tempo. A dinâmica do jato ureteral pode fornecer informações úteis sobre o acompanhamento da atividade peristáltica no sistema pélvico-ureteral.

Review of the experience and evidence of Pygeum africanum in urological practice. / Revisión sobre la experiencia y evidencias del Pygeum africanum en Urología.

CONTEXT: Pygeum africanum(P. africanum) is still being employed in urology practice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A non-exhaustive review has been carried out about P. africanum, its mechanisms of action "in vitro" as well as "in vivo", clinical trials and routine clinical practice. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The conclusions of the review and the reflections of the authors on the use of P. africanum are described. CONCLUSIONS: Although with an evidence level IV (based on expert opinion) the use of P. africanum seems to be an option in the urological therapeutic arsenal.

Efectos de las lesiones del sistema nervioso sobre la fisiología de la micción / Effects of nervous system injuries on the physiology of urination

Resumen La disfunción neurogénica del tracto urinario inferior abarca una amplia variedad de trastornos que se caracterizan por una disfunción de la fisio logía de la micción. Muchas veces su diagnóstico no suele ser fácil y suele primero diagnosticarse la disfunción del tracto urinario y posteriormente encontrar el diagnóstico del trastorno neurológico que lo ocasiona. Todos estos trastornos terminan afectando gravemente la calidad de vida de las pacientes, por sus complicaciones propias y las derivadas de la condición. Algunas de estas complicaciones son infecciones urinarias recurrentes, incontinencia urinaria, disfunción del vaciamiento vesical, estenosis uretral y enfermedad renal progresiva con daño irreversible. Los objetivos de esta revisión son exponer las diferentes alteraciones neurológicas según la cla sificación SALE y describir cómo afectan la fisiología de la micción.

Abstract Neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract encompasses a wide variety of disorders, which are characterized by a dysfunction of the urination physiology. In many times the diagnosis of this type of pathologies is usually not so easy, and the urinary tract dysfunc tion can be diagnosed first and secondarily find the diagnosis of the neurological disorder that causes it. All these disorders end up se riously affecting the quality of life of these patients, due to their own complications and the complications derived from the condition. Some of the associated complications are recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence and bladder emptying dysfunction, urethral stricture and progressive kidney disease with irreversible damage. The location of the neurological lesion does not always de termine the type of inferior urinary dysfunction. The objective of this review is to expose the different neurological alterations according to the SALE classification and describe how they affect the physiol ogy of urination.

Qualidade de vida em pacientes com incontinência urinária diagnosticada por estudo urodinâmico / Quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence diagnosed using urodynamics

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da incontinência urinária feminina sobre a qualidade de vida (QV), levando em consideração o resultado do estudo urodinâmico. A incontinência urinária é queixa frequente em mulheres, afetando negativamente a QV. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, retrospectivo, em banco de dados contendo informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e do estudo urodinâmico e os escores de QV da versão brasileira do King's Health Questionnaire de pacientes atendidas em hospital universitário. Resultados: Não foi observada diferença no impacto dos diferentes diagnósticos urodinâmicos, inclusive exames normais, sobre os domínios percepção geral de saúde e impacto da incontinência. Conclusão: Comparada com a incontinência de esforço e exames normais, a incontinência mista mostrou piores escores nos domínios limitações físicas e limitações das atividades diárias. Já a hiperatividade do detrusor esteve associada a piores escores de limitações das atividades diárias e sono, comparada com a incontinência de esforço, e de limitações físicas, comparada com exames normais.(AU)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of female urinary incontinence on quality of life, according to urodynamic diagnosis. Urinary incontinence is a frequent complaint among women and affects the quality of life negatively. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study using a database containing sociodemographic and clinical information, the results from urodynamics and the scores of the Brazilian version of the King's Health Questionnaire of patients attended at a university hospital was performed. Results: There was no difference in the impact of urodynamics diagnosis, including normal exams, in the scores of the general health perception and incontinence impact domains. Conclusion: When compared to normal exams and urinary stress incontinence, mixed incontinence showed lower scores in the role limitations and physical limitations domains. Detrusor overactivity was associated with lower scores in the sleep and role limitations domains, in comparison with urinary stress incontinence, and in the physical limitation domain, compared to normal exams.(AU)

Lower urinary tract symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Urodynamic evolution before and after one year of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. / Síntomas de tramo urinario inferior y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño: evolución urodinámica antes y después de un año de tratamiento con presión continua positiva de la vía aérea.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical evolution and the urodynamic behaviour of several lower tract urinary symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after the treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. METHODS: A prospective study was performed; patients with recent diagnosis of sleep apnea confirmed by nocturnal sleep polygraphy and absence of medical urological past history. In order to discard important lower urinary tract conditions, urological examinations were previously performed. Urinary symptoms were evaluated using the IPSS and OAB-V8 validated questionnaires, three-day Bladder Diary and invasive urodynamic examinations with a gap of one year before and one year after using the CPAP. RESULTS: 84 urodynamic studies were carried out in 43 patients. The IPSS score decreased by 3.58 points. The OAB-V8 score decreased by 2.87 points. Nocturia episodes decreased to one per night. The percentage of patients with nocturnal polyuria went down to 26%. The bladder compliance significantly increased (97.39 vs 200.40ml/cm H2O). The presence of detrusor overactivity decreased from 11 (before CPAP) to 5 patients (after CPAP). CONCLUSION: The proper treatment with CPAP showed a statistical and clinical improvement of several LUTS with limited urodynamic modifications.

Usefulness of the classification of urinary dysfunction for the prognosis of the first endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children over the age of 3. / Utilidad de la clasificación de los patrones de disfunción miccional en el pronóstico del primer tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vesicoureteral en niños mayores de 3 años.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of urinary dysfunction patterns associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children over the age of 3 according to the result of the first endoscopic treatment (ENDT1), grouped into a classification designed by our group (CMD.URI-La Fe). Comparison with other current classifications such as that of Van Batavia et al. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ambispective cross-cutting study of a sample of 50 children. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: previous ENDT, age ≤ 3 years, anatomical or neurological anomalies and a history of ureteral or abdominopelvic surgery. Prior to the ENDT1, a bladder voiding function assessment by uroflowmetry+electromyography (UF-EMG) and post-mictional residue (ultrasound). Other variables from the bladder diary, pre-mictional bladder wall thickness and other clinical variables. The correction of VUR was assessed by isotope cystography 3 months after the treatment. Urinary patterns were classified according to the significant variables (URI-La Fe), and the diagnostic performance of this classification was assessed, comparing it to the classification of patients as proposed by Van Batavia et al. RESULTS: Mean age: 6.8±2.28 years. Males/females (44%/56%). Grades of VUR (mild/moderate/severe). ENDT1 VUR correction rate: 77% (n=38). Diagnostic performance (Van Batavia; URI-La Fe): correct prediction (37.5%; 75%), sensitivity (32.4%; 87.8%), specificity (54.5%; 46.6%), positive predictive value (70.6; 78.3%) and negative predictive value (19.4%; 63.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the usefulness of the non-invasive test and the classification of urinary dysfunction in children aged over 3 years prior to the first endoscopic treatment of VUR.

Bladder pain syndrome: Prevalence and routine clinical practice in women attending functional urology and urodynamics units in Spain. / Síndrome de dolor vesical: prevalencia y práctica clínica habitual en mujeres que acuden a Unidades de Urología Funcional y Urodinámica en España.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is classified as a rare chronic debilitating disease and its diagnosis presents a challenge because its symptoms overlap with those associated with overactive bladder syndrome. The aim of the routine study was to estimate the prevalence of BPS and discover to study the profile of symptoms and clinical practice for patients attending functional urology and urodynamics units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological study in which 37 functional urology and urodynamics units in Spain participated. The prevalence was studied in both sexes. Clinical practice was evaluated for 319 women with BPS (new diagnosis or under review). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected retrospectively. The results were studied of urine tests, cystoscopy, biopsy, physical examination, bladder diary, and those of the four available questionnaires: Patient Perception of Bladder Condition; Bladder Pain/Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Score; EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5L and Patient Global Impression of Severity. RESULTS: Five point four percent (503) of the patients who attended these units (9,312) had a diagnosis of BPS (90% [453] females). The tests that were performed most according to the clinical history and anamnesis were: urine test, bladder ultrasound and cystoscopy. The most common symptoms/comorbidities were: pain in the bladder region, increased urinary frequency, nocturia, anxiety and depression. Diagnostic assessment determined pain on hydrodistension (86.9%), positive biopsy (59.2%), myofascial pelvic pain (28.4%), urological phenotype (97.8%), and increased urinary frequency (88.7%). The questionnaires reflected how much the quality of life of these patients was affected. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of BPS in functional urology and urodynamics units in Spain is low. No homogeneity was observed in terms of diagnosis between the different participating centres. Therefore, a common methodology is required for the management of patients with BPS in these units, with tools specific to this disorder.