Systematic Review of Policies and Interventions to Prevent Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in Order to Prevent Depression.

BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment in the workplace (SHWP) is highly prevalent and has a negative impact, including depression, on its victims, as well as a negative economic impact resulting from absenteeism and low productivity at work. This paper aims to outline the available evidence regarding the prevention of depressive symptoms among workers through policies and interventions that are effective in preventing SHWP. METHODS: We conducted two systematic reviews. The first focused on the association of depression and SHWP, and the second on policies and interventions to prevent SHWP. We conducted a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis, respectively. We identified 1831 and 6107 articles for the first and second review. After screening, 24 and 16 articles were included, respectively. RESULTS: Meta-analysis results show a prevalence of depression of 26%, as well as a 2.69 increased risk of depression among workers who experience SHWP. Variables such as number of harassment experiences and exposure to harassment from coworkers and other people increase this risk. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of policies and training to prevent SHWP, mostly focused on improvements in workers' knowledge and attitudes about SHWP. However, there is no available evidence regarding its potential impact on preventing depression.

Implementation of Breastfeeding Policies at Workplace in Mexico: Analysis of Context Using a Realist Approach.

Return to work is one of the most significant barriers to breastfeeding (BF). Family-friendly policies are critical to ensure that BF and maternal work are not mutually exclusive. This study aims to determine contextual factors and underlying mechanisms influencing the implementation of workplace policies in Mexico. Following a qualitative approach, the study was conducted in the following four cities in Mexico: Mérida, Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Monterrey. Interviews were conducted in 14 workplaces, and included 49 (potential) beneficiaries, 41 male employees, and 21 managers and human resources personnel. The information collected was analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis and mapped against the Context-Mechanism-Outcome framework of Breastfeeding Interventions at the Workplace. Contextual factors influencing a BF-friendly environment in the workplace were as follows: work-schedule flexibility, provision of lactation services (i.e., BF counseling) other than a lactation room, women's previous experience with BF and family-friendly environments in the workplace. The underlying mechanisms enabling/impeding a BF-friendly environment at the workplace were as follows: awareness of Mexican maternity protection legislation, usage of BF interventions in the workplace, culture, supervisor/co-worker support and BF-friendly physical space. To achieve a BF-friendly environment in the workplace, actions at the level of public policy and workplaces must accompany adherence to Mexican legislation.

Breastfeeding at the workplace: a systematic review of interventions to improve workplace environments to facilitate breastfeeding among working women.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding can be affected by maternal employment. This is important considering that in 2019, 47.1% of women globally participated in the labor force. The aim of this study was to review workplace interventions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding practices among working mothers globally. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Observational, experimental and qualitative peer-reviewed studies in English and Spanish, published between 2008 and 2019 were included. The review focused on working women who were pregnant, breastfeeding or who recently had a child, and women's working environments. The outcomes of interest included breastfeeding intentions, initiation, exclusivity and duration, confidence in breastfeeding or breastmilk extraction, and perceived support at workplace. Quality was assessed according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) checklist for systematic reviews. It was registered on PROSPERO (#140624). RESULTS: Data was extracted from 28 quantitative and 9 qualitative studies. The most common interventions were designated spaces for breastfeeding or breastmilk extraction (n = 24), and the support from co-workers (n = 20). The least common interventions were providing breast pumps (n = 4) and giving mothers the flexibility to work from home (n = 3). Studies explored how interventions affected different breastfeeding outcomes including breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding exclusivity, confidence in breastmilk expression, and breastfeeding support. The evidence suggests that workplace interventions help increase the duration of breastfeeding and prevent early introduction of breastmilk substitutes. Having a lactation space, breastmilk extraction breaks, and organizational policies are key strategies. However, to achieve equitable working conditions for breastfeeding mothers, organizational and interpersonal changes need to occur as well. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review revealed that interventions at the workplace are important in protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding among working mothers. To achieve equitable work environments and fair nutritional opportunities for infants of working mothers, interventions should focus at the three ecological layers - individual, interpersonal, and organizational. The quality of studies can be improved. There is a need for studies assessing impacts of workplace interventions on infant feeding practices, mothers' self-esteem and outcomes such productivity and abstentionism.

Intervenções Realizadas no Ambiente de Trabalho para o Uso de Drogas: Revisão Sistemática / Interventions Carried Out in the Workplace for the Use of Drugs: Systematic Review / Las Intervenciones Realizadas en el Lugar de Trabajo para el Uso de Drogas: Revisión Sistemática

O uso abusivo de drogas no ambiente de trabalho gera consequências como absenteísmo, baixa produtividade, aumento de custos para empregados e empregadores, piora na saúde do indivíduo e acidentes de trabalho. Objetivo : Realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre as intervenções realizadas no ambiente de trabalho para o uso de drogas, publicados no período de 2002 até 2012. Método : Os artigos foram pesquisados em seis bancos de dados: Medline (PUBMED), PsychINFO, Web of Science, Lilacs, PEPSIC e Scielo. Os descritores variaram de acordo com o controle de vocabulário de cada base de dados. Inicialmente foram encontrados 97 artigos que foram classificados em Descritivos; Revisões, Medições e Intervenções. A análise de conteúdo foi aplicada a dez artigos que se tratavam de intervenções realizadas no local de trabalho. Resultados : Todos os artigos da revisão sistemática tiveram resultados positivos quanto a seus objetivos de pesquisa, porém todos tiveram falhas metodológicas. Conclusão : Conclui-se que o conjunto de estudos avaliados ainda é insuficiente de evidências científicas e demandam mais estudos que busquem investigar a validade das intervenções e sua aplicabilidade no contexto de trabalho...

The drug abuse in the workplace creates consequences such as absenteeism, low productivity, increased costs for employees and employers; worsening health of the individual and workplace accidents. Objectives : Conduct a systematic review of scientific articles on interventions in the workplace for the use of drugs, published from 2002 until 2012. Method : Articles were searched six databases: Medline (PubMed), PsychINFO, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO PEPSIC. The descriptors varied by controlling each vocabulary database. Initially found 97 articles that were ranked Descriptions, Reviews, Measurements and Interventions. The content analysis was applied to ten articles that these were interventions in the workplace. Results : All articles of the systematic review were positive about their research objectives, but all had methodological flaws. Conclusion : We conclude that the set of evaluated studies is still insufficient scientific evidence and demand more studies that seek to investigate the validity of the interventions and their applicability in the work context...

El uso indebido de drogas en el lugar de trabajo crea consecuencias tales como el ausentismo, la baja productividad, el aumento de los costos para los empleados y los empleadores; empeoramiento de la salud del individuo y de los accidentes de trabajo. Objetivo : Realizar una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos sobre las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para el uso de drogas, publicada desde 2002 hasta 2012. Método : Se buscaron seis bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), PsychINFO, Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO PEPSIC. Los descriptores variadas mediante el control de cada base de datos de vocabulario. Inicialmente encontrado 97 artículos que fueron clasificados Descripciones, Opiniones, Mediciones e intervenciones. El análisis de contenido se aplicó a diez artículos que se trataba de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo. Resultados : Todos los artículos de la revisión sistemática fueron positivos acerca de sus objetivos de la investigación, pero todos tenían defectos metodológicos. Conclusión : Llegamos a la conclusión de que el conjunto de los estudios evaluados es aún suficiente evidencia científica y exigir más estudios que tratan de investigar la validez de las intervenciones y su aplicabilidad en el contexto laboral...

Intervenções Realizadas no Ambiente de Trabalho para o Uso de Drogas: Revisão Sistemática / Interventions Carried Out in the Workplace for the Use of Drugs: Systematic Review / Las Intervenciones Realizadas en el Lugar de Trabajo para el Uso de Drogas: Revisión Sistemática

O uso abusivo de drogas no ambiente de trabalho gera consequências como absenteísmo, baixa produtividade, aumento de custos para empregados e empregadores, piora na saúde do indivíduo e acidentes de trabalho. Objetivo : Realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre as intervenções realizadas no ambiente de trabalho para o uso de drogas, publicados no período de 2002 até 2012. Método : Os artigos foram pesquisados em seis bancos de dados: Medline (PUBMED), PsychINFO, Web of Science, Lilacs, PEPSIC e Scielo. Os descritores variaram de acordo com o controle de vocabulário de cada base de dados. Inicialmente foram encontrados 97 artigos que foram classificados em Descritivos; Revisões, Medições e Intervenções. A análise de conteúdo foi aplicada a dez artigos que se tratavam de intervenções realizadas no local de trabalho. Resultados : Todos os artigos da revisão sistemática tiveram resultados positivos quanto a seus objetivos de pesquisa, porém todos tiveram falhas metodológicas. Conclusão : Conclui-se que o conjunto de estudos avaliados ainda é insuficiente de evidências científicas e demandam mais estudos que busquem investigar a validade das intervenções e sua aplicabilidade no contexto de trabalho. .(AU)

The drug abuse in the workplace creates consequences such as absenteeism, low productivity, increased costs for employees and employers; worsening health of the individual and workplace accidents. Objectives : Conduct a systematic review of scientific articles on interventions in the workplace for the use of drugs, published from 2002 until 2012. Method : Articles were searched six databases: Medline (PubMed), PsychINFO, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO PEPSIC. The descriptors varied by controlling each vocabulary database. Initially found 97 articles that were ranked Descriptions, Reviews, Measurements and Interventions. The content analysis was applied to ten articles that these were interventions in the workplace. Results : All articles of the systematic review were positive about their research objectives, but all had methodological flaws. Conclusion : We conclude that the set of evaluated studies is still insufficient scientific evidence and demand more studies that seek to investigate the validity of the interventions and their applicability in the work context. .(AU)

El uso indebido de drogas en el lugar de trabajo crea consecuencias tales como el ausentismo, la baja productividad, el aumento de los costos para los empleados y los empleadores; empeoramiento de la salud del individuo y de los accidentes de trabajo. Objetivo : Realizar una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos sobre las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para el uso de drogas, publicada desde 2002 hasta 2012. Método : Se buscaron seis bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), PsychINFO, Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO PEPSIC. Los descriptores variadas mediante el control de cada base de datos de vocabulario. Inicialmente encontrado 97 artículos que fueron clasificados Descripciones, Opiniones, Mediciones e intervenciones. El análisis de contenido se aplicó a diez artículos que se trataba de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo. Resultados : Todos los artículos de la revisión sistemática fueron positivos acerca de sus objetivos de la investigación, pero todos tenían defectos metodológicos. Conclusión : Llegamos a la conclusión de que el conjunto de los estudios evaluados es aún suficiente evidencia científica y exigir más estudios que tratan de investigar la validez de las intervenciones y su aplicabilidad en el contexto laboral. .(AU)