COVID-19 vaccination rate and willingness of an additional dose among inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving biologic therapy: Fearless and with desire / Tasa de vacunación y aceptación de la dosis adicional de la vacuna frente al COVID-19 en los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal que reciben terapia biológica: sin miedo y con ganas

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 prevents its severe forms and associated mortality and offers a promising action to control this pandemic. In September 2021, an additional dose of vaccine was approved in patients with immunosuppression including IBD patients on biologic agents. We evaluated the vaccination rate and additional dose willingness in this group of at risk patients. Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was performed among IBD patients on biologic agents and eligible for an additional dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. IBD clinical characteristics and type of vaccine and date of administration were checked in medical records. Acceptance was evaluated after telephone or face-to-face surveys in IBD patients. Results: Out of a total of 344 patients, 269 patients (46.1% male; mean age 47±16 years; Crohn's disease 73.6%) were included. Only 15 (5.6%) patients refused the COVID-19 vaccine mainly (40%) for conviction (COVID-19 pandemic denial). 33.3% would re-consider after discussing with their doctor and/or receiving information on the adverse effects of the vaccine. Previous to the additional dose, the COVID-19 vaccination was present in 94.4% of patients (n=254). Adverse effects occurred in 53.9% of the cases, mainly pain in the arm (40%). Up to 94.1% of the patients agreed to an additional dose and 79.4% had already received the additional dose at the final time of the assessment. Conclusions: IBD patients on biological agents accept the vaccine as well as an additional dose if recommended. Physicians in charge of IBD units should provide information and confidence in the use of the vaccine in these IBD patients.(AU)

Antecedentes: La vacunación frente al COVID-19 constituye una acción prometedora para controlar esta pandemia. En septiembre de 2021, se aprobó una dosis adicional de vacuna en pacientes con inmunosupresión, incluidos los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) que reciben agentes biológicos. En este estudio se evaluó la tasa de vacunación y la disposición de recibir la dosis adicional de vacuna en este grupo de pacientes de riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal unicéntrico con pacientes afectos de EII con tratamiento biológico y elegibles para una dosis adicional de la vacuna COVID-19. Se evaluó la aceptación y los efectos adversos de la vacuna mediante encuesta telefónica o presencial y se recopiló en las historias clínicas las características de la EII, el tipo de vacuna recibida y la fecha de administración. Resultados: De un total de 344 pacientes, 269 (46,1% varones; edad media 47±16 años; enfermedad de Crohn n=198) fueron incluidos. Solo 15 (5,6%) pacientes rechazaron la vacuna frente al COVID-19, el 40% por convicción (negación de la pandemia COVID-19). Antes de la dosis adicional, la vacuna COVID-19 se había administrado en el 94,4% de los pacientes (n=254). En el 53,9% de los casos presentaron efectos adversos, principalmente dolor en el brazo (40%). Hasta el 94,1% de los pacientes refería la aceptación de una dosis adicional de la vacuna y el 79,1% ya había recibido esta dosis adicional en el momento de la evaluación final. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EII que reciben agentes biológicos aceptan la vacuna frente al COVID-19, así como una dosis adicional si se les recomienda. Los médicos responsables de las unidades de EII deben proporcionar información y confianza en el uso de la vacuna en estos pacientes.(AU)

Accidentes biológicos entre sanitarios durante la pandemia por sars-cov-2: 2019-2021 / Biological accidents among healthcare professionals during the sars-CoV-2 pandemic: 2019 to 2021

Objetivo: describir la tendencia de las exposiciones biológicas accidentales entre sanitarios durante los años 2019-2021. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo retrospectivo con 400 accidentes biológicos de trabajadores del Departamento de Salud Clínico-Malvarrosa (Valencia) de 2019 a 2021. La información fue recogida por el Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales gracias a las bases de datos REBA y EOLAS. Se recogieron variables del tipo de accidente, entorno en que se produjo, características del trabajador afectado, medidas de seguridad tomadas y parámetros serológicos de la fuente y el trabajador. Resultados: la distribución de accidentes por año fue de n= 132 en 2019 (33%), n= 121 en 2020 (30,25%) y n= 147 en 2021 (36,75%). Los profesionales más accidentados en todos los años fueron los de Enfermería, concretamente con < 5 años de experiencia, edad de 25-34 años y con contrato eventual. Los servicios que más accidentes reportaron fueron Atención Primaria y Cirugía en todos los años, especialmente en turno de mañana. Más del 20% de los trabajadores no usaba guantes en el momento del accidente en ninguno de los tres años. El uso de la mascarilla aumentó de un 24% en 2019 a un 100% en 2021, así como las medidas de protección facial que aumentaron de un 0% a un 7%. El 96% de los accidentes pudo ser filiados sin casos de seroconversión entre los trabajadores expuestos en ningún año. Conclusiones: aparentemente la pandemia por COVID-19 no ha alterado la tendencia de las exposiciones biológicas accidentales entre sanitarios. Las fluctuaciones más notables podrían deberse a la reducción de actividad quirúrgica durante 2020.(AU)

Objective: to describe the tendency of biological exposures among healthcare professionals during the years 2019-2021. Method: a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study with 400 biological accidents among the staff of the Clínico-Malvarrosa Health Department (Valencia) from 2019 to 2021. The information was collected by the Occupational Risk Prevention Service through the REBA and EOLAS databases. The type of variables collected were: type of accident, setting where it occurred, characteristics of the worker involved, safety measures applied, and serological parameters of source and worker. Results: the distribution of accidents per year was n= 132 in 2019 (33%), n= 121 in 2020 (30.25%) and n= 147 in 2021 (36.75%). The professionals who experienced more accidents in all years were nurses, specifically those with <5 years of experience, 25-to-34-year old, and under temporary contract. The services that reported more accidents were Primary Care and Surgery in all these years, particularly the morning shifts. Over 20% of the staff were not wearing gloves at the time of the accident in any of these three years. There was an increase in the use of face masks from 24% in 2019 to 100% in 2021, as well as an increase in facial protection measures from 0% to 7%. Of these accidents, 96% could be recorded without seroconversion cases among workers exposed in any of these years. Conclusions: apparently, the COVID-19 pandemic has not altered the tendency towards accidental biological exposures among healthcare workers. The most significant fluctuations could be due to the reduction in surgical activity during 2020.(AU)

COVID-19 vaccination rate and willingness of an additional dose among inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving biologic therapy: Fearless and with desire.

Effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 are already available and offer a promising action to control the COVID-19 pandemic. IBD patients on biological agents accept the vaccine as well as an additional dose if recommended. BACKGROUND: Vaccination against COVID-19 prevents its severe forms and associated mortality and offers a promising action to control this pandemic. In September 2021, an additional dose of vaccine was approved in patients with immunosuppression including IBD patients on biologic agents. We evaluated the vaccination rate and additional dose willingness in this group of at risk patients. METHODS: A single-center, cross-sectional study was performed among IBD patients on biologic agents and eligible for an additional dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. IBD clinical characteristics and type of vaccine and date of administration were checked in medical records. Acceptance was evaluated after telephone or face-to-face surveys in IBD patients. RESULTS: Out of a total of 344 patients, 269 patients (46.1% male; mean age 47±16 years; Crohn's disease 73.6%) were included. Only 15 (5.6%) patients refused the COVID-19 vaccine mainly (40%) for conviction (COVID-19 pandemic denial). 33.3% would re-consider after discussing with their doctor and/or receiving information on the adverse effects of the vaccine. Previous to the additional dose, the COVID-19 vaccination was present in 94.4% of patients (n=254). Adverse effects occurred in 53.9% of the cases, mainly pain in the arm (40%). Up to 94.1% of the patients agreed to an additional dose and 79.4% had already received the additional dose at the final time of the assessment. CONCLUSIONS: IBD patients on biological agents accept the vaccine as well as an additional dose if recommended. Physicians in charge of IBD units should provide information and confidence in the use of the vaccine in these IBD patients.

Bioseguridad y autocuidado: prioridad en la formación universitaria en momentos de pandemia / Biosafety and self-care: a priority in university training during pandemic times

Introducción: La bioseguridad y el autocuidado son dos prácticas importantes en el proceso de formación. Estas deben reforzarse permanentemente, ya que se relacionan de manera directa no solo con el riesgo de infecciones, sino con la calidad de la atención. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica sobre los procesos de formación en bioseguridad y autocuidado en el marco de la pandemia. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión de la literatura científica publicada entre 2016 y 2020 sobre medidas de bioseguridad y autocuidado. La búsqueda se realizó en español, inglés y portugués, en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Pubmed, Science Direct y el motor de búsqueda de Google Académico. Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA y se evaluaron en total 25 artículos científicos. Resultados: El año 2020 tuvo mayor frecuencia. La generalidad de los estudios se realizó en el contexto universitario en programas de salud. La higiene de las manos y el uso de guantes fueron las medidas de bioseguridad más informadas; mientras que las medidas de precaución se conocen e implementan. Las publicaciones denotan moderado conocimiento en cuanto a prevención de factores de riesgos biológicos, especialmente en prácticas clínicas. Conclusiones: En los procesos de formación debe tenerse en cuenta la relevancia de reforzar las medidas de bioseguridad y autocuidado para favorecer el ejercicio profesional. Es importante diseñar y repensar estos procesos, tanto en docentes como estudiantes, a través de nuevos métodos y cambios curriculares. La salud mental puede verse afectada no solo por la situación, sino por desconocimiento, miedo a infectarse y sobrecarga laboral(AU)

Introduction: Biosafety and self-care are two important practices in the training process. These should be permanently reinforced, since they are directly related not only to the risk of infections, but also to the quality of care. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on the biosafety and self-care training processes in the context of the pandemic. Methods: A review of the scientific literature published between 2016 and 2020 on biosafety and self-care measures was carried out. The search was performed in Spanish, English and Portuguese, in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Google Scholar search engine. The PRISMA methodology was applied and a total of 25 scientific articles were assessed. Results: The year 2020 had the highest frequency. Most of the studies were carried out in the university context in health programs. Hand hygiene and glove-wearing were the most reported biosafety measures, while warning measures are known and implemented. The publications are indicative of moderate knowledge regarding prevention of biological risk factors, especially in clinical practices. Conclusions: The relevance of reinforcing biosafety and self-care measures to favor professional practice should be taken into account in training processes. It is important to design and rethink these processes, both in professors and students, through new methods and curricular changes. Mental health may be affected not only by the situation, but also by ignorance, fear of infection and work overload(AU)

Bioseguridad en el contexto actual

RESUMEN Introducción: El surgimiento y desarrollo de la seguridad biológica están estrechamente relacionados con la evolución de la microbiología debido al interés mundial en las infecciones adquiridas en los laboratorios. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado actual de la bioseguridad y la importancia de su correcta implementación. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sobre bioseguridad en las bases de datos Springer, Willey Online Library y Pubmed en el período entre Enero 2010-Julio 2020. Resultados: La bioseguridad es un problema complejo que cambia sobre la base de interacciones entre humanos, microorganismos, factores ambientales, tensiones políticas y socioeconómicas. Su gestión se base en la aplicación de principios básicos como cultura de seguridad biológica, percepción del riesgo biológico, procedimientos sobre bioseguridad ajustados a cada entidad y capacitación entre otros. En la actualidad, bioseguridad es seguridad de la vida. Sobre esta base se comentan algunos artículos sobre SARS-CoV-2 y la importancia de la bioseguridad para el control del virus. Finalmente, se presentan datos sobre los sistemas de bioseguridad en Cuba y en Canadá. Consideraciones finales: La bioseguridad es tema de interés mundial, pero en su aplicación existen todavía deficiencias que incrementan el riesgo biológico y las posibilidades de infecciones en el personal, la comunidad y el medio ambiente. A finales de 2019 con la pandemia del COVID-19 quedó demostrado que la principal arma para controlar el virus, hasta el momento, consiste en la correcta implementación y cumplimiento de protocolos de bioseguridad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence and development of biological safety are closely related to the evolution of microbiology, due to the worldwide interest in laboratory acquired infections. Objective: Evaluate the current status of biosafety and the importance of its correct implementation. Methods: A search was conducted about biosafety in the databases Springer, Willey Online Library and Pubmed in the period January 2010-July 2020. Results: Biosafety is a complex problem that varies in keeping with inter-personal interactions, microorganisms, environmental factors, and political and economic tensions. Its management is based on the application of basic principles such as biological safety culture, biological risk perception, biosafety procedures adjusted to each institution, and professional training, among others. In the current context, biosafety is life safety. On the basis of this premise, comments are made on several papers about SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of biosafety to control the virus. Data are also presented about the biosafety systems of Cuba and Canada. Final considerations: Biosafety is a topic of worldwide interest, but deficiencies are still found in its application which increase biological risk and the possibilities of infections in the health personnel, the community and the environment. At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic made evident that the main tool to control the virus so far is the correct implementation of and compliance with biosafety protocols.

Expert recommendations for biological treatment in patients with psoriasis.

In recent years, the introduction of a series of biological drugs for the treatment of psoriasis has considerably increased the therapeutic armamentarium of doctors, and thus a strongly positive impact on the control of this condition has been achieved. With the purpose to provide the best recommendations for the use of these biological agents in patients with psoriasis, the Mexican group of psoriasis experts, PSOMEX, has developed recommendations in order to improve the understanding and therapeutic positioning of this type of medications.

En los últimos años, la introducción de diversos medicamentos biológicos para el tratamiento de la psoriasis ha aumentado considerablemente el arsenal terapéutico del médico, con lo cual se ha logrado un fuerte impacto positivo en el control de la enfermedad. Con el fin de proveer de las mejores recomendaciones para el uso de estos biológicos en los pacientes afectados de psoriasis, el grupo mexicano de expertos en psoriasis PSOMEX ha formulado recomendaciones para mejorar la comprensión y el posicionamiento terapéutico de este tipo de medicamentos.

Recomendaciones de expertos para el tratamiento biológico en pacientes con psoriasis / Expert recommendations for biological treatment in patients with psoriasis

Resumen En los últimos años, la introducción de diversos medicamentos biológicos para el tratamiento de la psoriasis ha aumentado considerablemente el arsenal terapéutico del médico, con lo cual se ha logrado un fuerte impacto positivo en el control de la enfermedad. Con el fin de proveer de las mejores recomendaciones para el uso de estos biológicos en los pacientes afectados de psoriasis, el grupo mexicano de expertos en psoriasis PSOMEX ha formulado recomendaciones para mejorar la comprensión y el posicionamiento terapéutico de este tipo de medicamentos.

Abstract In recent years, the introduction of a series of biological drugs for the treatment of psoriasis has considerably increased the therapeutic armamentarium of doctors, and thus a strongly positive impact on the control of this condition has been achieved. With the purpose to provide the best recommendations for the use of these biological agents in patients with psoriasis, the Mexican group of psoriasis experts, PSOMEX, has developed recommendations in order to improve the understanding and therapeutic positioning of this type of medications.

Persistencia a largo plazo de agentes biológicos en el tratamiento de pacientes con Artritis Reumatoidea: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a systematic literature review

La persistencia en el tratamiento es un marcador subrogante de éxito de tratamiento a largo plazo. Objetivo: Evaluar la persistencia de los agentes biológicos utilizados para el tratamiento de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea (AR) a un tiempo de 5 años y determinar las principales causas asociadas a persistencia o discontinuación. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL), según las recomendaciones PRISMA, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane y Lilacs, y estudios presentados en los congresos ACR, EULAR, PANLAR (2018/2019) hasta Enero 2020. Dos revisoras independientes, evaluaron todas las publicaciones identificadas, por título y abstract y por full text, de acuerdo a la metodología PICO. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios de pacientes ≥ 18 años con diagnóstico de AR, en tratamiento con agentes biológicos, que midieran persistencia/discontinuación en un período de tiempo igual o superior a 5 años y que estuvieran en idioma inglés o español. En el caso de falta de acuerdo entre las dos revisoras, un tercer revisor fue consultado. La información extraída fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva, se calculó el porcentaje promedio de persistencia de cada agente biológico a los 5 años. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 56 artículos luego de la remoción de los duplicados y de la exclusión por título/abstract, y por full text. De ellos 13, eran fase de extensión a largo plazo de estudios randomizados controlados, 15 cohortes retrospectivas, 18 cohortes prospectivas y 10 cohortes retro-prospectivas y correspondían a un total de 72177 (rango: 79-10396) pacientes con AR, con una edad media 53.8 años ± 12.1, 78.2% de sexo femenino y un tiempo promedio de evolución de la AR de 9.7 años ± 8.4. En 33.9% de los estudios, la terapia biológica estaba combinada con drogas modificadoras de la AR convencionales (DMARs-c), en 3.6% en monoterapia, 48.2% ambas modalidades y en 14.3% no informaba. Un estudio fue realizado en 1° línea (metotrexato näive), 29 estudios en 2° línea (respuesta inadecuada a MTX y/o DMARs-c), 5 en 3° línea (respuesta inadecuada a DMARs biológicas-b-), 12 en ≥2° línea terapéutica y en 9 no especificaban. En 30 estudios que evaluaron 2° línea terapéutica, la mayor persistencia correspondió a tocilizumab (TCZ) 66.41% (IC95% 57.8-79.94), abatacept (ABA) 57.91% (IC95% 50.96-64.87) y golimumab (GOL) 54.38% (IC95% 48.58-60.19). Y 10 estudios, en los cuales el DMAR-b había sido analizado en 3° línea terapéutica, las mayores tasas de retención correspondieron a rituximab (RTX) 61.19% (IC95% 57.53-66.22) y TCZ 61.1% (IC95% 58.81-63.32). Entre los estudios que evaluaron predictores, los más frecuentemente asociados a mayor sobrevida fueron: tratamiento combinado con DMAR-c, etanercept versus infliximab y adalimumab y 2° línea de tratamiento vs 3° o 4° línea y los asociados a menor sobrevida fueron: mayor uso de esteroides, mayor actividad basal de la enfermedad y sexo femenino. Conclusiones: En esta RSL, la persistencia de los DMAR-b a 5 años en pacientes con respuesta inadecuada a DMARs-c y DMARs-b fue numéricamente mayor para los agentes no TNFi. Y entre los TNFi, GOL presentó mayor retención en 2° línea terapéutica.

Treatment persistence is a surrogate marker for long-term treatment success. Objective: To assess the persistence of the biological agents used for treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 5 years period and to determine the main causes associated with persistence or discontinuation. Material and methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out, according to PRISMA recommendations, including Pubmed, Cochrane and Lilacs databases, and studies presented at the ACR, EULAR, PANLAR congresses (2018/2019) until January 2020. Two independent reviewers evaluated the identified publications, by title and abstract and full text, according to PICO methodology. Eligibility criteria were: studies including RA patients ≥ 18 years, treated with biological agents, which measured persistence/ discontinuation for a period of time equal to or greater than 5 years and who were in English or Spanish language. In the case of lack of agreement between the two reviewers, a third reviewer was consulted. The extracted information was analyzed using descriptive statistics, an average percentage of persistence for each biological agent at 5 years was calculated. Results: 56 articles were selected after removal of duplicates and exclusion by title/abstract, and by full text. Long-term extension phase of randomized controlled studies were 13, another 15 retrospective cohorts, 18 prospective cohorts and 10 retro-prospective cohorts and corresponded to a total of 72177 (range: 79-10396) patients with RA, with a mean age of 53.8 years ± 12.1, 78.2% female and an average RA disease duration of 9.7 years ± 8.4. In 33.9% of the studies, biological therapy was combined with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (c-DMARDs), in 3.6% monotherapy, 48.2% both modalities, and in 14.3% not reported. One study was in the 1st line (methotrexate näive), 29 studies in 2nd line (inadequate response to MTX and/or c-DMARDs), 5 in 3rd line (inadequate response to biological b-DMARDs), 12 in ≥2nd therapeutic line and in 9 studies did not specify this condition. In 30 studies which evaluated the 2nd therapeutic line, the highest persistence corresponded to tocilizumab (TCZ) 66.41% (95% CI 57.8-79.94), abatacept (ABA) 57.91% (95% CI 50.96-64.87) and golimumab (GOL) 54.38% (95% CI 48.58-60.19). In 10 studies, in which b-DMARD had been analyzed in 3rd therapeutic line, highest retention rates corresponded to rituximab (RTX) 61.19% (95% CI 57.53-66.22) and TCZ 61.1% (95% CI 58.81-63.32). Among studies that evaluated predictors, the most frequently associated with higher survival were: combined treatment with c-DMARD, etanercept versus infliximab and adalimumab and 2nd line of treatment vs. 3rd or 4th line whereas those associated with lower survival rates were: greater use of steroids, higher baseline disease activity, and female gender. Conclusions: In this SLR, the 5-year persistence of b-DMARD in patients with inadequate response to DMARs-c and DMARs-b was numerically greater for non-TNFi agents. And among TNFi, GOL presented a higher retention in 2nd therapeutic line.

Planned organizational change to transform care to workers exposed to biological material / Cambio organizativo planificado para transformar la atención del trabajador accidentado con material biológico / A mudança organizacional planejada para transformação do atendimento ao trabalhador acidentado com material biológico

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the evaluation of the service offered in cases of occupational accidents involving exposure to biological material, from the perspective of the exposed workers, before and after an intervention to obtain planned organizational change. Methods: descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with workers exposed to biological material who received care at a reference service that was submitted to an intervention based on planned organizational change. Data were collected by using the critical incident technique and analyzed from the perspective of content analysis. Results: twenty exposed workers participated in the study and were split into two groups in the pre- and post-intervention phase. Categories regarding improvement in the guidance they received, reduction in the time they waited once they got to the facility, organization of the process, documentation qualification, and professionalism in carrying out the assistance emerged from the workers' accounts. Conclusions: the present study allowed the exposed workers to visualize the changes that happened in the care management in case of accidents involving biological material. Additionally, there was the recognition of the adopted methodological path, which allowed the active participation of the people involved.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la evaluación de la atención de casos de accidentes laborales con material biológico desde la perspectiva del accidentado, antes y después de una intervención de cambio organizativo planificado. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, de abordaje cualitativo, realizada con trabajadores accidentados con material biológico atendidos en servicio de referencia donde ocurrió una intervención de cambio organizativo planificado. Datos recolectados mediante técnica del incidente crítico, analizados según análisis de contenido. Resultados: participaron del estudio veinte trabajadores accidentados, divididos en dos grupos en fases preintervención y postintervención. De sus testimonios emergieron categorías referentes a mejora de sugerencias, reducción del tiempo, organización del proceso, calificación de la documentación y profesionalismo en la atención. Conclusiones: el estudio permitió que los accidentados observaran los cambios realizados en la gestión de la atención en casos de accidentes con material biológico. Además, recibió reconocimiento la trayectoria metodológica adoptada, que permitió la participación activa de los involucrados.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a avaliação do atendimento aos casos de acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico, na perspectiva do trabalhador acidentado, antes e após uma intervenção para mudança organizacional planejada. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com trabalhadores acidentados com material biológico atendidos em um serviço de referência que passou por uma intervenção baseada na mudança organizacional planejada. Dados coletados por meio da técnica do incidente crítico e analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: participaram do estudo vinte trabalhadores acidentados divididos em dois grupos, nas fases pré e pós-intervenção. Das falas, emergiram categorias referentes a melhoria das orientações, redução do tempo, organização do processo, qualificação da documentação e profissionalismo na realização do atendimento. Conclusões: a investigação permitiu aos acidentados visualização das mudanças ocorridas na gestão do atendimento em caso de acidente com material biológico, além disso, houve o reconhecimento acerca do percurso metodológico adotado que permitiu a participação ativa dos envolvidos.

Acidentes de trabalho envolvendo profissionais de enfermagem no Brasil: 2007-2017 / Work accidents involving nursing professionals in Brazil: 2007-2017 / Accidentes de trabajo de profesionales de enfermería en Brasil: 2007-2017

Analisar a frequência de registros de acidentes de trabalho (ATs) com PEs no Brasil entre 2007 a 2017. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, exploratório, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados extraídos dos Anuários Estatísticos de Acidentes do Trabalho (AEAT) e Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informações ao Cidadão (e-SIC) desenvolvidos pelo Ministério da Economia (ME). Resultados: Após o processo de organização e análise dos dados foi identificado o universo de 2.706 registros. A maior preponderância identificada entre as categorias foi de 48,8% (n=1.321) técnicos em enfermagem (TEs) e por tipo de acidente o típico com 49,6% (n=1.129). Conclusão: Por meio da presente pesquisa foi verificado ascensão progressiva da frequência de registros de casos de ATs envolvendo PEs no recorte histórico e geográfico analisado.

To analyze the frequency of records of work accidents(WAs) with PEs in Brazil between 2007 and 2017. Method: This is an epidemiological, exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of Accidents at Work (AEAT) and the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service (e-SIC) developed by the Ministry of Economy (ME) were used. Results: After organizing and analyzing the data, a universe of 2,706 records was identified. The highest preponderance identified among the categories was 48.8% (n=1,321) nursing technicians (TEs) and by type of accident the typical with 49.6% (n=1,129). Conclusions: Through this research, there was a progressive increase in the frequency of records of TA cases involving PEs in the analyzed historical and geographic cut.

Analizar la frecuencia de registros de accidentes de trabajo (ATs) con EP en Brasil entre 2007 y 2017. Método: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, exploratorio, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Se utilizaron datos extraídos del Anuario Estadístico de Accidentes de Trabajo (AEAT) y del Sistema Electrónico del Servicio de Información al Ciudadano (e-SIC) desarrollado por el Ministerio de Economía (ME). Resultados: Luego de organizar y analizar los datos, se identificó un universo de 2.706 registros. La mayor preponderancia identificada entre las categorías fue del 48,8% (n=1.321) técnicos de enfermería (ET) y por tipo de accidente el típico con 49,6% (n=1.129). Conclusión: A través de esta investigación, se produjo un aumento progresivo en la frecuencia de registros de casos de AT que involucran a EP en el corte histórico y geográfico analizado.

Conhecimento de docentes e discentes de um curso de Odontologia sobre os aspectos legais que envolvem a utilização de dentes humanos extraídos / Knowledge of teachers and students of a Dentistry course about the legal aspects that involve the use of extracted human teeth

O estudo verificou o nível de conhecimento do corpo docente e discente de um curso de Odontologia acerca dos aspectos éticos e legais envolvidos na obtenção e manipulação de elementos dentários humanos extraídos. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos docentes e discentes a partir do 2º período, por se constituírem os usuários de dentes humanos nas atividades de ensino pré-clínico e de pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a estatística descritiva para as perguntas fechadas, além do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para as perguntas abertas. Participaram 51 docentes de um total de 55 e 201 discentes do total de 288, dos quais 72,55% e 72,60%, respectivamente, reconheceram o elemento dentário como um órgão. Quanto à forma de obtenção, 39,49% dos discentes relataram obter os dentes em consultórios odontológicos e 33,76% em unidades de saúde, sendo que 91,04% destes e 80,39% dos docentes desconhecem qualquer tipo de comercialização. Em relação à biossegurança, tanto os discentes (78,61%) quanto os docentes (90,20%) reconhecem o risco biológico na manipulação desses elementos e realizam algum tipo de desinfecção. Considerando-se os aspectos legais, 68,63% dos docentes e 20,10% dos discentes afirmaram ter conhecimento da existência de uma regulamentação, o que não se refletiu de forma explícita nas respostas obtidas. Do material textual gerado pelas perguntas abertas emergiram três categorias (forma de obtenção dos dentes utilizados, comercialização de dentes e risco biológico), interpretadas à luz de discursos agregados dos segmentos (docentes e discentes) entrevistados. Pode-se concluir que tanto docentes quanto discentes apresentaram conhecimento incipiente sobre os aspectos legais que envolvem a obtenção e manipulação de elementos dentários humanos extraídos (AU)

This study assessed the level of knowledge of teachers and students of a Dentistry Course about the ethical and legal aspects involved in the acquisition and handling of extracted human dental elements. We applied a semistructured questionnaire to the teachers and students from the 2nd period, since they constitute the users of human teeth in preclinical teaching and research activities. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics for the closed questions, in addition to the Collective Subject Speech for the open questions. We interviewed 51 teachers from the total of 55 and 201 students from the total of 288, of which 72.55% and 72.60%, respectively, recognized the dental element as an organ. As for the way to obtain the teeth, 39.49% of the students reported that they acquired teeth in dental offices and 33.76% in health units, where 91.04% of the students and 80.39% of the teachers are unaware of any commercialization. Regarding biosafety, both students (78.61%) and teachers (90.20%) recognize the biological risk in the handling of these elements and perform some type of disinfection. When considering the legal aspects, 68.63% of the teachers and 20.10% of the students stated that they were aware of the existence of a regulation, although this statement was not explicitly reflected in the obtained responses. From the textual material generated by the open questions, we raised three categories (way to obtain the used teeth, commercialization of teeth and biological risk), which were interpreted in the light of speeches added by the interviewed segments (teachers and students). We can conclude that both teachers and students have shown little knowledge about the legal aspects involved in the acquisition and handling of extracted human dental elements (AU).

Occupational accidents with biological material in a school hospital / Accidentes de trabajo con material biológico en un hospital escuela / Acidentes de trabalho com material biológico em um hospital escola

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze occupational accidents with exposure of nursing technicians to biological material in a school hospital. Method: nursing technicians were invited to answer a questionnaire related to occupational accidents with biological material. Results: 275 professionals from 9 hospital units participated. 76% reported having suffered an accident and the variables "age group" and "employment regime" showed a significant association for accidents (p<0.05). Those hired by the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT - Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho) employment regime were 3.5 times more likely to suffer accidents (p=0.04) and institutional capacity building did not show statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: the increase in the number of training did not ensure the reduction of occupational accidents with biological material; and nursing technicians under the age of 30 were more vulnerable. Professionals with a CLT labor contract were more affected than the statutory employees.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo con la exposición de técnicos de enfermería a material biológico en un hospital escuela. Método: los profesionales fueron invitados a responder un cuestionario relacionado con la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo con material biológico. Resultados: participaron 275 profesionales de 9 unidades del hospital El 76% declaró haber sufrido algún accidente y las variables "grupo de edad" y "formas de trabajo" mostraron una asociación significativa para la ocurrencia de accidentes (p<0,05). Los contratados por la forma de trabajo bajo la Consolidación de las Leyes del Trabajo (CLT) presentaron 3,5 más probabilidades de sufrir accidentes (p=0,04) y la capacitación institucional no demostró significancia estadística (p>0,05). Conclusión: el aumento del número de capacitaciones no ha asegurado la disminución de los accidentes de trabajo con material biológico; y los técnicos de enfermería menores de 30 años fueron más vulnerables. Los profesionales con vínculo laborista en la CLT se accidentaron más que los estatutarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico de técnicos de enfermagem em um hospital escola. Método: técnicos de enfermagem foram convidados a responder um questionário relacionado à ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material biológico. Resultados: participaram 275 profissionais de 9 unidades do hospital. 76% declararam ter sofrido acidente e as variáveis "faixa etária" e "regime de trabalho" mostraram associação significativa para ocorrência de acidentes (p < 0,05). Os contratados pelo regime de trabalho pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) apresentaram 3,5 mais chances de sofrerem acidentes (p=0,04) e a capacitação institucional não demonstrou significância estatística (p > 0,05). Conclusão: o aumento do número de capacitações não assegurou a diminuição dos acidentes de trabalho com material biológico; e os técnicos de enfermagem com idade inferior a 30 anos foram mais vulneráveis. Os profissionais com vínculo trabalhista celetista acidentaram-se mais que os servidores estatutários.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) causes a potentially fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals (Pneumocystis pneumonia or PcP), particularly in HIV-infected patients and those treated with immunosuppressive drugs, such as transplant patients and those with systemic autoimmune diseases. P. jirovecii colonization can be found in almost a third of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Although the incidence of PcP in such patients is usually low, mortality is quite high, ranging between 30% and 50% in the majority of autoimmune diseases. PcP development is almost always observed in patients not receiving prophylaxis for the infection. Despite the above, there are no clinical guidelines established for PcP prophylaxis in patients with autoimmune diseases treated with glucocorticoids, cytotoxic drugs, or more recently, biological agents. The objective of this review is to analyze the available data on the incidence of PcP and the effect of PcP prophylaxis in patients with autoimmune diseases that may be useful in clinical practice.

Acidentes laborais e a construção coletiva de um protocolo assistencial / Occupational accidents and the collective construction of a care protocol

Objetivo: discorrer sobre a implantação e implementação de um protocolo para atendimento pós-acidente de trabalho com material biológico por perfurocortante. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: iniciou-se em 2013, a implantação do protocolo para atendimento pós-acidente de trabalho com material biológico, a partir do qual passou por várias etapas de implementação. Informa-se que, o fluxograma versa sobre as orientações quanto aos cuidados locais, imediatamente após o acidente, atendimento médico para avaliação da lesão e da exposição, recomendações profiláticas em tempo hábil após exposição, solicitação de sorologias do acidentado e paciente-fonte, quando possível acompanhamento sorológico do acidentado após exposição e emissão da Comunicação de Acidente de Traballho. Conclusão: mostraram-se que, apesar das dificuldades para implementação do protocolo, a experiência foi exitosa e o fluxo de atendimento pós-acidente com material biológico desfruta de diversos avanços importantes para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores do hospital universitário em questão.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la implantación y aplicación de un protocolo para el cuidado post-accidente laboral con material biológico por perforantes/cortantes. Método: este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia. Resultados: se inició en 2013, la implementación del protocolo para el cuidado postaccidentes laborales con material biológico, pasando por distintas fases de ejecución. El diagrama de flujo versa sobre las directrices relativas a los cuidados, inmediatamente después del accidente, la asistencia médica para la evaluación de la lesión y de la exposición, la profilaxis con recomendaciones en forma oportuna después de la exposición, la solicitud de serología del accidentado y el paciente-fuente, cuando posible, el seguimiento serológico del accidentado después de la exposición y la emisión de la Comunicación de Accidente Laboral. Conclusión: a pesar de las dificultades para la aplicación del Protocolo, la experiencia fue exitosa y el flujo de atención post-accidente con material biológico incluye varios avances importantes para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores en el hospital de la universidad en cuestión.(AU)

Objective: to discuss the deployment and implementation of a protocol for care after occupational accident with biological material from needle-sharp instruments. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, of the experience-report type. Results: in 2013, the deployment of the protocol for care after occupational accident with biological material, from which it passed through various implementation stages. The flowchart describes the guidelines regarding local care, immediately after the accident, medical care to evaluate the lesion and the exposure, prophylactic recommendations in a timely manner after exposure, request for serology of the casualty and patient-source, when possible, serological follow-up of the casualty after exposure and issuance of the Occupational Accident Communication. Conclusion: despite the difficulties for implementing the Protocol, the experience was successful and the flow of the care after accident with biological material includes several important advances for workers' health and safety at the university hospital in question.(AU)

Exposição ocupacional a fluidos biológicos em acidentes com perfurocortantes na equipe de enfermagem hospitalar / Occupational exposure to biological fluids in accidents with profiling on the hospital nursing team

Objetivo: Determinar a ocorrência de exposição ocupacional a fluidos biológicos em acidentes com perfurocortantes na equipe de enfermagem hospitalar. Métodos: Avaliou-se 747 profissionais, com base em questionários para acidentes de trabalho, mediante entrevista. Resultados: Dos 747 entrevistados, 53,9% sofreram acidentes com perfurocortantes. O risco aumentado de sofrer acidentes relacionou-se com o sexo feminino, horário diurno de trabalho e profissões técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem. Grande parte dos acidentes ocorreu por reencape de agulhas e descarte inadequado dos materiais, por falta de atenção. Mais de um terço dos acidentados não comunicou o acidente. Conclusão: Os profissionais estudados mantêm posturas de risco que devem ser combatidas com políticas de educação em saúde, reforçando a importância da comunicação das ocorrências.

Objective: To determine the occurrence of occupational exposure to biological fluids in sharps injuries in the hospital nursing team. Methods: A total of 747 professionals were interviewed, based on questionnaires for work accidents. Results: Of the 747 interviewees, 53.9% suffered accidents by sharp instruments. The increased risk of accidents was related to the female sex, daytime work hours and nursing technician and assistant professions. A large part of the accidents occurred due to needle recapping and inadequate disposal of materials, due to lack of attention. More than a third of the victims did not report the accident. Conclusion: The studied professionals have attitudes of risk that must be tackled with policies of health education, reinforcing the importance of the communication of occurrences.

Objetivo: Exposición ocupacional a fluidos biológicos en accidentes con punzocortantes en el equipo de enfermería hospitalaria. Métodos: Se evaluaron 747 profesionales, con base en cuestionarios para accidentes de trabajo, mediante entrevista. Resultados: De los 747 entrevistados, 53,9% sufrieron accidentes con punzocortantes. El riesgo aumentado de sufrir accidentes se relacionó con el sexo femenino, horario diurno de trabajo y profesiones técnicas y auxiliares de enfermería. Gran parte de los accidentes ocurrió por reencape de agujas y descarte inadecuado de los materiales, por falta de atención. Más de un tercio de los accidentes no comunicó el accidente. Conclusión: Los profesionales estudiados mantienen posturas de riesgo que deben ser combatidas con políticas de educación en salud, reforzando la importancia de la comunicación de las ocurrencias.

Acidentes de trabalho com material biológico notificados em Belo Horizonte de 2008 a 2017 / Work accidents with biological material notified in Belo Horizonte from 2008 to 2017

Os acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos representam graves riscos aos profissionais em seu local de trabalho, devido a possibilidade de contaminação por doenças infecciosas, podendo causar incapacidades temporárias e/ou permanentes, com acometimento de ordem física e/ou mental. Apesar de muitos profissionais da saúde, que atuam dentro do ambiente hospitalar estarem expostos ao elevado grau de riscos ocupacionais, outras categorias também se contaminam e notificam o acidente. Há uma escassez de dados sistematizados e de estudos de base populacional que traduzam a realidade de várias cidades brasileiras. Por este motivo, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características dos acidentes de trabalho com material biológico notificados na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Tratou-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal e de série temporal. Foram incluídos todos os acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2008 a 2017 que corresponderam a 9.508 casos. Os resultados mostraram que 72,51% dos registros das ocupações dos acidentados ocorreram com profissionais de saúde e 19% com profissionais de outras categorias (não saúde). As notificações de acidentes por via percutânea apresentaram maior prevalência durante o descarte inadequado de materiais e, por via mucosa, durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos/ odontológicos no modelo uni e multivariado. Na análise de tendência, a proporção da abertura de CAT entre profissionais da saúde apresentou um aumento significativo em relação às outras categorias profissionais não relacionadas à saúde. Observou-se um avanço no registro das informações ao longo dos anos do estudo. É fundamental que as instituições hospitalares e empregadores de todas as categorias profissionais planejem ações voltadas para a execução de práticas seguras e que minimizem o risco às exposições. Além disso, é preciso que os gestores orientem corretamente seus trabalhadores e incentivem a notificação do acidente.(AU)

Work accidents with biological materials represent serious risks to professionals at their workplace, due to the possibility of contamination by infectious diseases, and may cause temporary and/or permanent incapacities with physical and/or mental impairment. Although many health professionals working within the hospital environment are exposed to a high degree of occupational hazards, other categories can also be contaminated and report the accident. There is a shortage of systematized data and population-based studies that reflect the Brazilian cities reality. For this reason, the study aims to analyze the characteristics of work accidents with biological material reported in the city of Belo Horizonte. This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. All the occupational accidents with biological material reported in the SINAN Information System for the period from 2008 to 2017, which corresponded to 9,508 cases, were included. The results showed that 72.51% of the records of occupations of accidents occurred with health professionals and 19% with professionals from other categories (non-health). The reports of percutaneous accidents showed a higher prevalence during the inadequate discard of materials and mucosa during surgical/dental procedures in the uni and multivariate model. In the trend analysis, the proportion of CAT openness among health professionals showed a significant increase compared to other non-health professional categories. There was an improvement in the information record throughout the study years. It is essential that hospital institutions and employers of all professional categories plan actions aimed at implementing safe practices that minimize risk to exposures. In addition, managers need to advised their employees and encourage them to notify it.(AU)

NÍVEL DE INFORMAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DE ODONTOLOGIA SOBRE RISCOS, PREVENÇÃO E MANEJO DE ACIDENTES COM PERFUROCORTANTES / DENTISTRY STUDENTS' LEVEL OF INFORMATION ABOUT RISKS, PREVENTION AND HANDLING OF ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY SHARP OBJECTS

O controle das possíveis infecções no ambiente odontológico acontece com a adoção de medidas preventivas e manobras padrão em caso de acidentes com material biológico, visando à segurança e à saúde da equipe e do paciente. Este estudo verificou o nível de informação de estudantes de Odontologia sobre riscos, prevenção e manejo de acidentes com perfurocortantes. Tratou-se de estudo descritivo observacional transversal com 58 concluintes de um Curso de Odontologia do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado com questões de múltipla escolha. Foi constatado razoável nível de informação, com limitações sobre riscos presentes nos atendimentos odontológicos, riscos biológicos, transmissão de doenças e condutas em caso de acidentes com perfurocortantes. Constatou-se a necessidade de fornecer mais informações e aprimorar as práticas de notificação em casos de acidentes. Estimula-se a adoção de medidas educacionais, preventivas e corretivas em função do desconhecimento, omissão ou desrespeito aos cuidados de biossegurança. É preciso aderir às medidas de prevenção a acidentes com material biológico e ter conhecimento do passo-a-passo de manejo após a ocorrência de tais incidentes.

The control of possible infections in the dental environment happens with the adoption of preventive measures and standard maneuvers in the case of accidents with biological material, aiming at the health and safety of the team and the patient. This study verified the level of information of Dentistry students when it comes to risks, prevention and handling of accidents with sharp objects. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 58 graduates of a Dentistry Course in Rio Grande do Sul. A structured questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was used. We found a moderate level of information, with limitations concerning the risks present in dental consults, biological risks, disease transmission and the procedures in case of accidents with sharp objects. There was a need to provide further information and improve reporting practices in the case of accidents. We encourage the adoption of educational, preventive and corrective measures due to lack of knowledge, omission or disrespect to biosafety procedures. It is necessary to adopt the measures to prevent accidents with biological material and to be aware of the step-by-step management after the occurrence of such incidents.

Perfil dos acidentes com material perfurocortante entre profissionais de saúde de um hospital da rede pública da cidade de São Luís-MA / Profile of accidents with sharps among health professionals from a hospital of the public network at São Luís city / Perfil de accidentes con profesionales de salud entre objetos punzantes de un hospital publico de la red, cuidad de San Luís-MA

Objetivo: Realizar levantamento de acidentes com material perfurocortantes. Método: Exploratório e documental com abordagem quantitativa com levantamento de fichas de notificação entre 2009 e 2015, em um hospital público em São Luís do Maranhão. Resultados: Predominou o sexo feminino, média de idade de 28 anos, ensino médio completo; os mais acometidos, técnicos de Enfermagem e serventes de limpeza. Sangue é o material mais comum; descarte inadequado de material e punções venosas, como circunstâncias; agulhas e lâminas de bisturi, os mais envolvidos; exposição percutânea com grande incidência; EPIs são muito usados; na maioria, não houve necessidade de quimioprofilaxia; a Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho foi emitida na maioria dos casos. Conclusão: Os dados permitiram identificar grupo de profissionais mais vulneráveis, exigindo maior atenção nas estratégias de prevenção de acidentes

Objective: To perform a survey of accidents with sharps. Method: Exploratory and documental with quantitative approach consisting of the collection of notification cards between 2009 and 2015, in a public hospital in the city of São Luís Maranhão. Results: Predominated females, with a mean age of 28 years, complete secondary education; the most affected, nursing technicians and cleaners. Blood is the most common organic material; inappropriate disposal of venipuncture material and punctures, such as circumstances; needles and scalpel blades, the most involved; percutaneous exposure with high incidence; PPE are heavily used; in most cases there was no need for chemoprophylaxis; the Work Accident Communication was issued in most cases. Conclusion: The data allowed identifying a group of more vulnerable professionals, being necessary more attention in the strategies of prevention of accidents with this material

Objetivo: Realizar un estudio de material de lesiones cortopunzantes. Método: Exploratoria y documental con enfoque cuantitativo con las formas de presentación de informes de la encuesta entre los años 2009 y 2015 en un hospital público de San Luis. Resultados: La hembra dominante, con una edad media de 28 años, secundaria completa; los más afectados, técnicos de enfermería y personal de limpieza. La sangre es el material más común; la eliminación inadecuada de los materiales y la punción venosa como las circunstancias; agujas y hojas de bisturí, el más implicado; exposición percutánea con tasas altas; EPP son ampliamente utilizados; en la mayor parte no había ninguna necesidad de quimioprofilaxis; el parte de accidente de trabajo se publicó en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusión: Los datos indican grupo de la mayoría de los trabajadores vulnerables, exigiendo una mayor atención en las estrategias de prevención de accidentes. Palabras clave: riesgos ocupacionales, la perforación, la exposición a agentes biológicos de salud ocupacional

Patrones de tratamiento, sobrevida y efectividad a largo plazo de agentes biológicos en pacientes con Artritis Psoriásica / Patterns of treatment, survival and long-term effectiveness of biological agents in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

Objetivos: Evaluar los patrones de tratamiento de las DME-b (Drogas Modificadoras de la Enfermedad-biológicas), su sobrevida acumulada y su eficacia a largo plazo en pacientes con Artritis Psoriásica (APs) utilizando el índice LUNDEX. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de APs que hayan iniciado tratamiento con DME-b. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se consignaron fechas de inicio de DME-b, tratamiento concomitante, suspensión o cambio de tratamiento, y razones de suspensión. La respuesta terapéutica se definió acorde a MDA (Minimal Disease Activity), a los 6, 12 meses y anualmente a partir del inicio de DME-b. Análisis estadístico: Test de Student y Chi². Curvas de Kaplan Meier y Log Rank. Análisis de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 72 pacientes con APs, 39 (54,2%) de sexo masculino. La edad mediana fue de 54,5 años (RIC 45-61) y el tiempo mediano de evolución de la enfermedad de 11 años (RIC 6-15). 71,2% (n=42) presentaron comorbilidades. El primer DME-b fue en orden decreciente de frecuencia: Adalimumab (45,8%), Etanercept (36,1%), Certolizumab (5,6%), Infliximab (4,2%), Ustekinumab (4,2%), Abatacept (2,7%) y Golimumab (1,4%). 15 pacientes (25,4%) recibieron DME-b en monoterapia. La sobrevida media fue de 82 meses (DE±7,4). El LUNDEX del primer biológico fue 24,7% a los 6 meses y 44,3% al año. La sobrevida media de Adalimumab fue de 90 meses (DE±10,4) y de Etanercept 79 meses (DE±12). Los pacientes añosos presentaron menor sobrevida de la droga [≥55 años: X59,8 (DE±10,5) vs <55 años: X101,2 (DE±9,7), p=0,006]. Luego de ajustar por diferentes confundidores, la edad ≥55 años se mantuvo significativamente a menor sobrevida [HR=1,064 (IC=1,01-1,11) p=0,005]. El LUNDEX fue menor en obesos vs no obesos (16% vs 66% al año, p=0,89; 10,5 vs 74,9% a los 2 años, p=0,011 y 5,9 vs 81,8% a los 3 años, p=0,005). Conclusiones: La sobrevida promedio del primer DME-b fue de 6,8 años. La única variable asociada a menor sobrevida fue la mayor edad.

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment patterns of DME-b (Disease-Modifying Drugs-biological), their accumulated survival and their long-term efficacy in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using the LUNDEX index. Materials and methods: Retrospective multicentre study. We included patients diagnosed with PsA who started treatment with DME-b. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. BMI-D start dates, concomitant treatment, suspension or change of treatment, and reasons for suspension were recorded. The therapeutic response was defined according to MDA (Minimal Disease Activity), at 6, 12 months and annually from the beginning of DME-b. Statistical analysis: Student test and Chi². Curves of Kaplan Meier and Log Rank. Cox regression analysis. Results: We included 72 patients with PsA, 39 (54.2%) male. The median age was 54.5 years (IQR 45-61) and the median time of evolution of the disease was 11 years (IQR 6-15). 71.2% (n=42) presented comorbidities. The first DME-b was in decreasing order of frequency: Adalimumab (45.8%), Etanercept (36.1%), Certolizumab (5.6%), Infliximab (4.2%), Ustekinumab (4.2%), Abatacept (2.7%) and Golimumab (1.4%). 15 patients (25.4%) received DME-b monotherapy. The mean survival was 82 months (SD±7.4). The LUNDEX of the first biological was 24.7% at 6 months and 44.3% per year. The mean survival of Adalimumab was 90 months (SD±10.4) and Etanercept 79 months (SD±12). Older patients had a lower survival of the drug [≥55 years: X59.8 (SD±10.5) vs <55 years: X101.2 (SD±9.7), p=0.006]. After adjusting for different confounders, age ≥55 years was significantly maintained at lower survival [HR=1.064 (CI=1.01-1.11) p=0.005]. The LUNDEX was lower in obese vs. non-obese (16% vs. 66% per year, p=0.89, 10.5 vs 74.9% at 2 years, p=0.011 and 5.9 vs 81.8% at 3 years, p=0.005). Conclusions: The average survival of the first DME-b was 6.8 years. The only variable associated with lower survival was the older age.

Percepção das precauções padrão, prática do reencape de agulhas e condutas frente a acidente com material biológico de equipes de saúde bucal do serviço público odontológico / Perception of the standard precautions, practice of re-capping of needles and practices when facing an accident involving biological material of dental health teams at dental public service

Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou verificar o conhecimento e adesão às precauções padrão (PP), em especial a prática de não reencapar agu lhas; as ações a serem tomadas diante acidentes e aspectos relativos à prevenção de infecções, pelas equipes de saúde bucal da rede públi ca de um município do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Também observar os materiais descartados nos recipientes do grupo E em todas as unidades de atendimento odontológico do município. Aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado, com perguntas direcionadas ao tema. Dos 79 pesquisados, 60 responderam ao questionário, onde 33 (55%) eram cirurgiões-dentistas. 34 (56,6%) profissionais não sabiam o que eram as PP e 43 (71,6%) afirmaram reencapar agulhas. 27 (44,9%) já sofreram algum tipo de acidente com material perfurocortante, contaminado ou sangue e 44 (73,3%) desconheciam ou se equivocaram sobre quais os cuidados imediatos em caso de exposição cutânea ou percutânea. Em relação à análise dos recipientes de descarte, observaram-se 5.193 agulhas descartadas, sendo 3.790 (73%) reencapadas em um, ou ambos os lados. Também o descarte incorreto de materiais não perfurocortantes. Conclui-se que existe falha no conhecimento sobre precauções padrão e condutas em casos de acidentes com mate rial biológico, além do incorreto descarte de materiais nos recipientes do grupo E.

Abstract: This study aimed to verify the knowledge and adoption of the stan dard precautions (PP), especially in the practice of not re-capping needles; the actions to be taken in relation to accidents and aspects related to the prevention of infections, by the dental health teams of the public service of a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We also assessed the materials discarded in the containers of group E in all dental care units of the city. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, with questions about the theme. Of the 79 subjects surveyed, 60 answered the questionnaire, where 33 (55%) were dental surgeons. 34 (56.6%) professionals did not know what PP were and 43 (71.6%) reported re-capping needles. 27 (44.9%) had already suffered some kind of accident with sharp tools or contaminated material with blood and 44 (73.3%) were unaware or made mistakes about the immediate care in case of skin or percutaneous exposure. Regarding the analysis of the disposal containers, 5,193 discarded needles were observed, of which 3,790 (73%) were re-capped on one or both sides. Also, we observed the improper disposal of non- sharps material. We concluded that there is a lack of knowledge about standard precautions and conducts in cases of accidents with biological material, besides the incorrect disposal of materials in the containers of group E.