Mediating and Moderating Variables in the Relationship Between Emotional Demands and Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion / [Variables mediadoras y moderadoras de la relación entre exigencias emocionales y agotamiento emocional en docentes]

Teachers tend to suffer high levels of emotional exhaustion, a variable that is associated with poor mental health and lower job performance. The present study analyzed how emotional demands, emotional dissonance, and self-efficacy to cope with stress interact in predicting teachers’ emotional exhaustion. To conduct this longitudinal research, 108 Andalusian teachers (57.3% women; mean age = 45.30, SD = 8.68) completed an online survey at three different time points. Moderated mediation analysis suggested that emotional dissonance mediated the relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion, with self-efficacy acting as a moderator between the two. Teachers who perceived high emotional demands saw their levels of emotional dissonance increase, which in turn led to an increase in emotional exhaustion. In addition, self-efficacy acted as a protective factor against emotional exhaustion, buffering the negative effect of emotional dissonance. Strengthening these protective variables through interventions that increase levels of self-efficacy to cope with stress and reduce levels of emotional dissonance could help prevent teachers’ emotional exhaustion.(AU)

Los docentes tienden a sufrir un nivel elevado de agotamiento emocional, variable que se asocia con una mala salud mental y un bajo desempeño laboral. El estudio analiza cómo interactúan en la prevención del agotamiento emocional de los docentes las exigencias emocionales, la disonancia emocional y la autoeficacia para afrontar el estrés. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación de carácter longitudinal, 108 profesores andaluces (57.3% mujeres, edad media = 45.30, DT = 8.68) cumplimentaron una encuesta online en tres momentos distintos. El análisis de mediación moderada indicaba que la disonancia emocional mediaba la relación existente entre las exigencias emocionales y el agotamiento emocional, actuando como moderadora entre ambos la autoeficacia. Los profesores que percibieron exigencias emocionales elevadas vieron aumentar su grado de disonancia emocional, lo que a su vez aumentó el agotamiento emocional. Además, la autoeficacia actuó como factor protector del agotamiento emocional, amortiguando el efecto negativo de la disonancia emocional. Reforzar estas variables protectoras a través de intervenciones que aumenten el grado de autoeficacia para afrontar el estrés y reduzcan la disonancia emocional podría ayudar a prevenir el agotamiento emocional de los docentes.(AU)

Prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste en radiólogos españoles / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists

Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia y grado del síndrome de desgaste profesional entre radiólogos en España. Como objetivos secundarios se pretende identificar sus posibles factores desencadenantes y atenuantes para implementar intervenciones preventivas y correctivas, disminuyendo el estrés asociado y aumentando el rendimiento y la satisfacción laboral de los radiólogos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y observacional realizado mediante una encuesta en línea, anónima y voluntaria, desarrollada a través de formularios de Google® y dirigida a radiólogos especialistas y en formación. La encuesta se estructura en tres apartados: una valoración cualitativa del grado del síndrome de desgaste profesional a través del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), el segundo constituido por una serie de preguntas sociodemográficas y laborales, y el último apartado centrado en las posibles causas de estrés y de mejora en el entorno laboral. Los resultados de la encuesta se analizaron estadísticamente para determinar la asociación entre las variables y el síndrome, así como para determinar posibles factores de riesgo y protectores.Resultados: Tras difundir la encuesta en redes sociales y correo electrónico se recibieron un total de 226 respuestas (175 de especialistas y 51 de residentes). La media de edad fue 41 años (desviación estándar de 11 años, rango de 25 a 68), sin predominancia de género (52% hombres). La prevalencia del síndrome fue del 33%, sin diferencias significativas entre adjuntos y residentes. No se han identificado factores de riesgo que se asocien con el desgaste profesional. Tener docencia en el lugar de trabajo fue el único factor de protección.(AU)

Background and aimsThe primary objective was to analyze the prevalence and degree of professional burnout in radiologists in Spain. Secondary objectives were to identify possible factors that increase or decrease the risk of burnout to enable preventive and corrective measures, decrease the stress associated with this condition, and thereby increase radiologists’ performance and satisfaction at work.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional observational study used a voluntary, anonymous online survey of attending radiologists and residents through Google Forms®. The survey was structured into three sections: a qualitative assessment of the degree of professional burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), a series of sociodemographic and work-related questions, and a final section centered on possible causes of stress and improvements to the working environment.The results of the survey were analyzed statistically to determine which variables were associated with burnout syndrome as well as to identify possible risk factors and protective factors.ResultsAfter disseminating the survey through social networks and email contacts, we received a total of 226 responses (175 from attending radiologists and 51 from residents; 52% men; mean age, 41±11 years; age range, 25-68). The prevalence of the syndrome was 33%, without significant differences between attending radiologists and residents. No risk factors associated with burnout were identified. Teaching in the workplace was the only protective factor.ConclusionsOne-third of the respondents had burnout syndrome. Because the consequences of this syndrome can affect professionals’ personal life and their ability to do their jobs, early detection and intervention should be prioritized.(AU)

Prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The primary objective was to analyze the prevalence and degree of professional burnout in radiologists in Spain. Secondary objectives were to identify possible factors that increase or decrease the risk of burnout to enable preventive and corrective measures, decrease the stress associated with this condition, and thereby increase radiologists' performance and satisfaction at work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study used a voluntary, anonymous online survey of attending radiologists and residents through Google Forms®. The survey was structured into three sections: a qualitative assessment of the degree of professional burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), a series of sociodemographic and work-related questions, and a final section centered on possible causes of stress and improvements to the working environment. The results of the survey were analyzed statistically to determine which variables were associated with burnout syndrome as well as to identify possible risk factors and protective factors. RESULTS: After disseminating the survey through social networks and email contacts, we received a total of 226 responses (175 from attending radiologists and 51 from residents; 52% men; mean age, 41 ± 11 years; age range, 25-68). The prevalence of the syndrome was 33%, without significant differences between attending radiologists and residents. No risk factors associated with burnout were identified. Teaching in the workplace was the only protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of the respondents had burnout syndrome. Because the consequences of this syndrome can affect professionals' personal life and their ability to do their jobs, early detection and intervention should be prioritized.

Síndrome de burnout en trabajadores del área de Enfermería hospitalaria de Ciénaga, Colombia / Burnout syndrome in workers at the hospital nursing area in Ciénaga, Colombia

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en los profesionales de Enfermería que trabajan en el área de atención hospitalaria en el municipio de Ciénaga, Magdalena (Colombia).Método: estudio descriptivo transversal con 64 trabajadores del área de Enfermería, a los cuales se les aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory con sus tres dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización. El cuestionario fue autoadministrado en línea. Se llevó a cabo estadística descriptiva y la prueba de correlación no paramétrica de Rho de Spearman para calcular correlación entre las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales, y las tres dimensiones del burnout.Resultados: de los 64 participantes estudiados, el 100% era de género femenino, con una mayor participación en edades entre 25 y 31 años (28,1%). Un 46,9% era soltera, la gran mayoría tenía un contrato de prestación de servicios (90,6%) y un 64,1% tenía un nivel de escolaridad de técnico. El 71,9% presentó un agotamiento emocional medio-bajo, el 73,4% manifestó un bajo nivel de despersonalización y prácticamente todas (93,8%) tenían un nivel bajo de realización, no teniendo ninguna un nivel alto. Se halló una correlación positiva baja (Rho= 0,322; p= 0,021) entre la edad y la despersonalización.Conclusiones: los niveles de burnout en los profesionales de Enfermería son medio-bajos, pero destaca el bajo nivel de realización personal que tienen las enfermeras. A pesar de que se halló una débil correlación positiva entre la edad y la despersonalización, el bajo número de participantes sugiere que se interprete con cautela, siendo necesaria más investigación al respecto.(AU)

Objective: to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Nursing professionals working at the hospital care area in the Ciénaga district, Magdalena (Colombia).Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study with 64 workers from the Nursing area, who answered the Maslach Burnout Inventory with its three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement. The questionnaire was self-administered on-line. Descriptive statistics was conducted, and the non-parametric Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was applied to calculate the correlation between sociodemographic and professional variables, and the three burnout dimensions.Results: of the 64 participants studied, 100% were female, with higher participation in ages from 25 to 31 years (28.1%); 46,9% were single, the vast majority had a service contract (90.6%) and 64.1% had a technician level of education. The results were that 71.9% presented medium-low emotional exhaustion, 73.4% reported a low level of depersonalization, and practically all of them (93.8%) had a low level of personal achievement, with none presenting a high level. There was a low positive correlation (Rho= 0.322; p= 0.021) between age and depersonalization.Conclusions: burnout levels in Nursing professionals are medium-low; but the low level of personal achievement among nurses stands out. Even though a weak positive correlation was found between age and depersonalization, the low number of participants suggests that this should be carefully interpreted, and further research on the matter is required.(AU)

Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Burnout Syndrome Among Health Professionals Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To describe the differences in burnout syndrome (BS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals, according to prevalence, levels, sociodemographic, occupational, risk, and protective factors. Methods: A comparative descriptive study was conducted, with two samples of similar characteristics from public hospitals in Peru. The sample was 177 for 2019 and 167 for 2021. The instrument used was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: It was found that there is a higher prevalence of BS and lower personal fulfillment (PF) during the pandemic. For BS, female sex is a risk factor during the pandemic. For emotional exhaustion (EE), the female gender is a risk factor before and during the pandemic. For depersonalization (DP), being 39 years of age or older is a protective factor before the pandemic. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the scores of BS, EE, and PF; no significant differences for DP were found in both periods(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las diferencias en el síndrome de burnout (BS) antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en los profesionales de la salud, según la prevalencia, niveles, factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales, de riesgo y protectores. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo, con dos muestras de características similares de hospitales públicos en Perú. La muestra fue de 177 para 2019 y 167 para 2021. El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una mayor prevalencia de BS y menor realización personal (RP) durante la pandemia. Para BS, el sexo femenino es un factor de riesgo durante la pandemia. Para el agotamiento emocional (AE), el género femenino es un factor de riesgo antes y durante la pandemia. Para la despersonalización (DE), la edad de 39 años y más es un factor protector antes de la pandemia. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de BS, AE y RP; para DE no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ambos períodos(AU)

Fadiga por compaixão em enfermeiros intensivistas: revisão integrativa / Compassion fatigue in intensive care nurses: integrative review / Fatiga por compasión en enfermeras de cuidados intensivos: revisión integradora

Introdução: A fadiga por compaixão é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de exaustão emocional, física e/ou espiritual como resultado do trabalho com indivíduos em estado crítico. Objetivos: analisar as evidências empíricas atuais relacionadas à prevalência, causas e resultados da fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros de cuidados intensivos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa por meio de uma pesquisa avançada em bancos de dados: Pubmed, Scielo e Medline. A amostra foi composta por dez artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A busca limitou-se a pesquisas realizadas de 2017 a 2022. Resultados: Os principais achados desta revisão integrativa foram que a prevalência de fadiga por compaixão entre os enfermeiros variou entre os diversos ambientes de cuidados intensivos. Em relação às causas e consequências da fadiga por compaixão, esta revisão descobriu que o ambiente de trabalho e a demografia dos enfermeiros, como idade e anos de experiência, foram preditores de fadiga por compaixão, e os fatores que atenuam os efeitos da fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros intensivista incluíram líder e suporte administrativo dentro do cenário clínico e as estratégias de enfrentamento empregadas pelos enfermeiros. Há evidências inconclusivas para identificar preditores explícitos de fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros intensivistas. Conclusão: É provável que o início da fadiga por compaixão entre os enfermeiros de cuidados intensivos possa ser reduzido com uma monitorização cuidadosa do bem-estar físico e emocional no ambiente de cuidados intensivos, bem como através da oferta de educação em saúde aos enfermeiros para ajudar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento para evitar fadiga da compaixão.

Introduction: Compassion fatigue is characterized by the development of emotional, physical, and/or spiritual exhaustion as a result of working with critically ill individuals. Aims: To analyze the current empirical evidence related to the prevalence, causes, and outcomes of compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Method: This is an integrative review by means of an advanced search in databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Medline. The sample was composed of ten articles that met the inclusion criteria. The search was limited to research conducted from 2017 to 2022. Results: The main findings of this integrative review were that the prevalence of compassion fatigue among nurses varied across different acute care settings. Regarding the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue, this review found that work environment and nurse demographics, such as age and years of experience, were predictors of compassion fatigue, and factors that mitigate the effects of compassion fatigue among intensivist nurses included leader and administrative support within the clinical setting and the coping strategies employed by nurses. There is inconclusive evidence to identify explicit predictors of compassion fatigue among intensivist nurses. Conclusion: It is likely that the onset of compassion fatigue among intensive care nurses can be reduced with careful monitoring of physical and emotional well-being in the intensive care setting, as well as through the provision of health education to nurses to assist in the development of coping strategies to avoid compassion fatigue.

Introducción: La fatiga por compasión se caracteriza por el desarrollo de agotamiento emocional, físico y/o espiritual como resultado del trabajo con enfermos críticos. Objetivos: Analizar la evidencia empírica actual relacionada con la prevalencia, las causas y los resultados de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora a través de una búsqueda avanzada en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo y Medline. La muestra se compuso de diez artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. La búsqueda se limitó a investigaciones realizadas entre 2017 y 2022. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos de esta revisión integradora fueron que la prevalencia de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras varió en los diferentes entornos de cuidados agudos. En relación con las causas y consecuencias de la fatiga por compasión, esta revisión encontró que el entorno de trabajo y los datos demográficos de las enfermeras, como la edad y los años de experiencia, fueron predictores de la fatiga por compasión, y los factores que mitigan los efectos de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos incluyeron el apoyo del líder y administrativo dentro del entorno clínico y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por las enfermeras. No hay pruebas concluyentes para identificar predictores explícitos de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Es probable que la aparición de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos pueda reducirse con una cuidadosa monitorización del bienestar físico y emocional en el entorno de los cuidados intensivos, así como mediante la provisión de educación sanitaria a las enfermeras para ayudar en el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento para evitar la fatiga por compasión.

Prevalencia de síndrome de Burnout en internos de pediatría de la Universidad Católica del Maule / Burnout Syndrome Prevalence in pediatric interns of the Catholic University of Maule

Burnout syndrome is a public health problem, a pathological entity that affects professionals who work directly with people, such as health professionals. It is currently described as being composed of three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment, and its evaluation is carried out through the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. The present study aims to measure, by means of the aforementioned instrument, the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in pediatric interns of the Universidad Católica del Maule and find out which is the most frequent characteristic that the pathology presents, in relation to the 3 subgroups. It corresponds to a descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was applied to a sample of 18 pediatric inmates of the Regional Hospital of Talca, together with an informed consent to each participant. The results showed that the burnout syndrome is present in 11,11% of pediatric interns, in addition it was observed that a high percentage manifests alterations in the studied subdimensions, which makes us conclude that attention should be given urgently to this problem, in order to guarantee mental health support to those who need it.

Emotional Intelligence, Work Satisfaction, and Affective Commitment: An Occupational Health Study of Social Workers / La inteligencia emocional, la satisfacción en el trabajo y el compromiso afectivo: un estudio sobre la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores sociales

Social workers’ work engagement and burnout were tested in relation to (a) personal variable, i.e., emotional intelligence; (b) organizational variables, i.e., work satisfaction and affective commitment. Regressions revealed emotional intelligence - controlling self – negatively predicted depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment and positively predicted three facets of work engagement. Emotional intelligence - understanding others – was a negative predictor of reduced personal accomplishment. In addition, work satisfaction negatively predicted three components of burnout and positively predicted emotional work engagement. Affective commitment was a positive predictor of three facets of work engagement and negatively predicted reduced personal accomplishment. Implications for management are discussed.(AU)

Se puso a prueba la implicación en el trabajo y el estrés de los trabajadores sociales en relación con (a) la variable personal inteligencia emocional y (b) las variables organizativas satisfacción con el trabajo y compromiso afectivo. Las regresiones mostraron que la inteligencia emocional (el control del yo) predecía negativamente la despersonalización y un logro personal mermado y positivamente tres aspectos de la implicación en el trabajo. La inteligencia emocional (comprender a los demás) era un predictor negativo de la merma del logro personal. Además, la satisfacción con el trabajo predecía tres componentes del agotamiento emocional y positivamente el compromiso con el trabajo. El compromiso afectivo predecía positivamente los tres aspectos de la implicación en el trabajo y negativamente el de la disminución del logro personal. Se comentan las inferencias con respecto a la gestión.(AU)

Risk and protective factors of emotional exhaustion in teachers. A moderating mediation on emotional exhaustion / Los factores de riesgo y protectores del agotamiento emocional en el profesorado. Un modelo de mediación moderada del agotamiento emocional

Emotional exhaustion negatively influences teachers' professional development. The main aim of this study was to analyze how the perception of attention to diversity, emotional dissonance, and social support were related to emotional exhaustion. To carry out this study, 567 teachers (64.9% women, mean age = 44.80, SD = 0.48) answered a questionnaire. Emotional dissonance mediated the relationships that established with emotional exhaustion the perception of attention to diversity (a) derived from special educational needs and (b) derived from cultural diversity. These mediations were moderated by social support, by confirming the interaction effect between social support and (a) the perception of attention to cultural diversity and (b) emotional dissonance. Teachers' perceptions of having to attend to diversity and not being able to express the real emotions they feel to students are stressor factors that influence emotional exhaustion levels. Moreover, social support acts as a protective factor that diminishes the negative effects of perception of attention to diversity and emotional dissonance on emotional exhaustion. These results highlight the need to promote strong support networks in educational settings within the center's cloister, to stimulate a healthier educational environment that reverts to lower levels of emotional exhaustion among teachers.(AU)

El agotamiento emocional influye negativamente en el desarrollo profesional de los docentes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar cómo se relacionaban con el agotamiento emocional la percepción de atención a la diversidad, la disonancia emocional y el apoyo social. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, 567 docentes (64.9% mujeres; edad media = 44.80, DT = 0.48) respondieron a un cuestionario. La disonancia emocional medió las relaciones establecidas entre la percepción de la atención a la diversidad derivada (a) de las necesidades educativas especiales y (b) de la diversidad cultural y el agotamiento emocional. Esta mediación fue moderada por el apoyo social, al confirmarse el efecto de interacción entre el apoyo social y (a) la apreciación de atención a la diversidad cultural y (b) la disonancia emocional. La apreciación de los docentes de que tenían que atender a la diversidad y de que no podían expresar al alumnado sus emociones reales constituye un factor estresante que influye en el grado de agotamiento emocional. Además, el apoyo social actúa como factor protector que disminuye el efecto negativo que ejercen la percepción de la atención a la diversidad y la disonancia emocional en el agotamiento emocional. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de promover fuertes redes de apoyo en los escenarios educativos en el claustro del centro para favorecer un ambiente educativo más saludable que revierta en un menor agotamiento emocional en los docentes.(AU)

[The worst year of my life. Emotional exhaustion and burnout due to COVID-19 in nursing home professionals. RESICOVID study]. / El peor año de mi vida. Agotamiento emocional y burnout por la COVID-19 en profesionales de residencias. Estudio RESICOVID.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in the day-to-day operations of residential care facilities. Little is known about the impact it has had on professionals working in nursing homes in Spain. This research arose from the need to explore the situation experienced during the pandemic and to delve into the experiences as narrated by professionals working in nursing homes. The aim of the RESICOVID study was to analyze the effects on professionals of the measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 31 professionals (mean age: 32.9 years; 83.8% women, in various areas of care) were interviewed. Seventy-one percent of the sample presented a diagnosis of COVID-19. The analysis was performed with the Atlas-ti v8 program. RESULTS: From the analysis of the interviews, 128 quotations were extracted, coded in the following dimensions: 1. experience of confinement; 2. perception of changes; 3. health problems; 4. cognitive and functional changes; 5. loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout, overload, lack of resources and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have generated feelings of fear, exhaustion, anxiety, frustration and sadness in professionals who continue to this day without sufficient resources to face the situation. The design of contingency plans for future health crises should take into account this impact on care professionals.

El peor año de mi vida. Agotamiento emocional y burnout por la COVID-19 en profesionales de residencias. Estudio RESICOVID / The worst year of my life. Emotional exhaustion and burnout due to COVID-19 in nursing home professionals. RESICOVID study

Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha generado grandes cambios en el funcionamiento diario de los centros residenciales; poco se sabe del impacto que ha tenido en los profesionales que trabajan en residencias de personas mayores en España. Esta investigación surge por la necesidad de explorar cuál ha sido la situación vivida durante la pandemia y profundizar en las experiencias tal y como son narradas por los profesionales que trabajan en las residencias para personas mayores. El objetivo del estudio RESICOVID ha sido analizar los efectos en los profesionales de las medidas que se tomaron en las residencias frente a la pandemia por COVID-19.Material y métodos: Se realizaron entrevistas a 31 profesionales del cuidado (media edad: 34,31 años, DS: 9,56; 83,8% mujeres). El 71% de los participantes tuvieron diagnóstico de COVID-19. El análisis fue realizado con el programa Atlas-ti v8.Resultados: Del análisis de las entrevistas se extrajeron 128 citas que fueron codificadas en las siguientes dimensiones: 1. vivencia del confinamiento; 2. percepción de cambios; 3. problemas de salud; 4. cambios en el área cognitiva y funcional; 5. soledad.Conclusiones: La sobrecarga, la falta de recursos y la incertidumbre causada por la pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado sentimientos de miedo, desgaste, ansiedad, frustración y tristeza en los profesionales que continúan a día de hoy sin recursos suficientes para encarar la situación. El diseño de planes de contingencia para futuras crisis sanitarias deberá tener en cuenta este impacto en los profesionales del cuidado. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in the day-to-day operations of residential care facilities. Little is known about the impact it has had on professionals working in nursing homes in Spain. This research arose from the need to explore the situation experienced during the pandemic and to delve into the experiences as narrated by professionals working in nursing homes. The aim of the RESICOVID study was to analyze the effects on professionals of the measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes.Material and method: 31 professionals (mean age: 32.9 years; 83.8% women, in various areas of care) were interviewed. Seventy-one percent of the sample presented a diagnosis of COVID-19. The analysis was performed with the Atlas-ti v8 program.Results: From the analysis of the interviews, 128 quotations were extracted, coded in the following dimensions: 1. experience of confinement; 2. perception of changes; 3. health problems; 4. cognitive and functional changes; 5. loneliness.Conclusions: Burnout, overload, lack of resources and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have generated feelings of fear, exhaustion, anxiety, frustration and sadness in professionals who continue to this day without sufficient resources to face the situation. The design of contingency plans for future health crises should take into account this impact on care professionals. (AU)

Prevalence of burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spread throughout the world from the beginning of 2020, increasing healthcare professionals' workloads and levels of physical and emotional stress. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with the development of this syndrome, and to compare these findings with those obtained before the pandemic. METHODS: This observation study took place between April 2020 and August 2020 (during the pandemic) through an online survey. A total of 150 responses were obtained. Demographic and work-related information was compiled. Burnout syndrome was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The prevalence and characteristics of burnout syndrome obtained in this survey were compared with those of the same survey done in 2019. We performed a statistical analysis to identify possible risk factors and protective factors associated with this syndrome and to determine the homogeneity of the two samples. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout syndrome increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (49.3% vs. 33.6%, p = 0.002). No risk factors or protective factors that were valid both before and after the pandemic were identified. No correlations were identified between sociodemographic or work-related characteristics and burnout syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that burnout syndrome increased significantly in radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting nearly half of all those who responded to the survey. These results underline the need to assess support for professional wellbeing of radiologists in Spain. No correlations were identified between burnout and gender, age, number of calls, years in the job, annual income, teaching, marital status, number of children, or type of contract.

Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en personal militar del Instituto Geográfico Nacional del Perú / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in military personnel at the National Geographic Institute of Peru

Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout e identificar los principales factores asociados a este. Metodología: Se aplicó el instrumento de Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), empleando una versión validada en español; previamente el instrumento COPE-28. Resultados: Los resultados determinaron que la asociación entre la edad y el agotamiento emocional es (0,231) para menores de 40 años; mientras para mayores de 40 años es de (0,751); edad y percepción del estrés (0,205) en menores de 40 años y (0,858) en mayores de 40 años; edad y despersonalización son de (0,244) y (0,757), para menores y mayores de 40 años respectivamente; grado y agotamiento emocional fue de (0,151) para oficiales y (0,720) en (supervisores, técnicos y suboficiales) y entre el grado y percepción del estrés fue (0,832) para oficiales y (0,110) en (supervisores, técnicos y suboficiales). Conclusión: El modelo de estudio observacional-analítico aplicado en militares de la Región Lima Metropolitana no fue satisfactorio, en sinergia por las jornadas de trabajo y altos niveles de responsabilidad profesional en el contexto del COVID-19, que interfieren en la relación de los militares y las comunidades. (AU)

The study aimed was to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and to identify the main factors associated with it. Methodology: The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) instrument was applied, using a validated version in Spanish; previously the COPE-28 instrument. Results: The results determined that the association between age and emotional exhaustion is (0.231) for those under 40 years of age; while for those over 40 years of age it is (0.751); age and stress perception (0.205) for those under 40 years of age and (0.858) for those over 40 years of age; age and depersonalization are (0.244) and (0.757) for under and over 40 years respectively; grade and emotional exhaustion were (0.151) for officers and (0.720) for supervisors, technicians, and NCOs; between grade and perception of stress was (0.832) for officers and (0.110) for supervisors, technicians, and NCOs. Conclusion: The observational-analytical study model applied in the military of the Lima Metropolitana Region was not satisfactory, in synergy with the working hours and high levels of professional responsibility in the context of COVID-19, which interfere in the relationship between the military and the communities. (AU)

Prevalencia y factores de desgaste profesional en radiólogos durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Prevalence of burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors

Antecedentes: La epidemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha extendido por todo el mundo desde principios de 2020, sometiendo a los profesionales sanitarios a una sobrecarga laboral y a un mayor nivel de estrés físico y emocional. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de desgaste profesional y sus posibles factores asociados en los radiólogos españoles durante la COVID-19, y su comparación con la situación previa a la pandemia. Métodos: Estudio observacional realizado entre los meses de abril y agosto de 2020 (durante la pandemia) mediante una encuesta en línea. Se obtuvieron un total de 150 respuestas. Se recopiló y comparó la información demográfica y laboral de los encuestados. Se determinó la presencia del desgaste profesional con el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) y se comparó su prevalencia y características con el estudio realizado de la misma manera en 2019. Se hizo un análisis estadístico para identificar los posibles factores de riesgo y protectores asociados con este síndrome, así como un análisis de homogeneidad entre las dos muestras. Resultados: La prevalencia del síndrome aumentó de forma significativa (p=0,002) durante la pandemia COVID-19 (49,3% frente a 33,6%). Ningún factor de riesgo o de protección se ha identificado como constante antes y después de la pandemia. No se ha identificado ninguna correlación del desgaste con las características sociodemográficas o laborales. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra un aumento importante del desgaste profesional durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 con afectación de casi la mitad de los radiólogos encuestados. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de valorar el apoyo orientado al bienestar profesional de los radiólogos en España. No se ha identificado correlación entre el síndrome y género, edad, número de guardias, antigüedad, ingreso anual, docencia, estado civil, número de hijos o tipo de contrato laboral.(AU)

Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spread throughout the world from the beginning of 2020, increasing healthcare professionals’ workloads and levels of physical and emotional stress. Aims: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with the development of this syndrome, and to compare these findings with those obtained before the pandemic. Methods: This observation study took place between April 2020 and August 2020 (during the pandemic) through an online survey. A total of 150 responses were obtained. Demographic and work-related information was compiled. Burnout syndrome was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The prevalence and characteristics of burnout syndrome obtained in this survey were compared with those of the same survey done in 2019. We performed a statistical analysis to identify possible risk factors and protective factors associated with this syndrome and to determine the homogeneity of the two samples. Results: The prevalence of burnout syndrome increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (49.3% vs. 33.6%, p=0.002). No risk factors or protective factors that were valid both before and after the pandemic were identified. No correlations were identified between sociodemographic or work-related characteristics and burnout syndrome. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that burnout syndrome increased significantly in radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting nearly half of all those who responded to the survey. These results underline the need to assess support for professional wellbeing of radiologists in Spain. No correlations were identified between burnout and gender, age, number of calls, years in the job, annual income, teaching, marital status, number of children, or type of contract.(AU)

Work-family interface on hazardous alcohol use and increased risk for prescription drug misuse among diverse working parents in STEM.

BACKGROUND: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) industries are competitive and can be stressful work environments leading to an increase in substance misuse. Little is known on the role of work-related risk and protective factors on substance misuse among working parents navigating multiple roles. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine work-life balance as a protective factor and various risk factors (emotional exhaustion, work-family, family-work conflicts) for hazardous alcohol use and increased risk for prescription drug misuse among diverse working parents in STEM. METHODS: Participants (n = 1,228) were recruited via Qualtrics from across the US and the sample was racially ethnic and gender (50% men, 50% women) diverse. An overall path analysis was conducted to explore direct and indirect effects of work-life balance on hazardous alcohol use and increased risk for prescription drug misuse. Path analyses explored the racial-ethnic and gender differences across the overall model. RESULTS: Path analysis revealed that healthy work-life balance indirectly predicts decreased hazardous alcohol use (b = -.149, p = .004) and decreased risk for prescription drug misuse (b = -.185, p < .001). Exploration of the model across racial-ethnic and gender groups revealed that higher work-life balance indirectly predicts decreased hazardous alcohol use for Black and Asian Americans, but not for Latinos and Whites; and higher work-life balance indirectly predicts decreased hazardous alcohol use for men, but not women. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the work-family interface can help providers understand prevention, risk-reduction practices, and interventions for hazardous alcohol use and prescription drug misuse among diverse working parents in STEM.

Síndrome de Burnout en psiquiatras de Pinar del Río / Burnout syndrome in Psychiatrists from Pinar del Río Province

Introducción: Las frecuentes quejas expresadas por profesionales de diferentes especialidades vinculadas a las tensiones generadas por el trabajo favorecen conductas que expresan agotamiento emocional, pérdida de interés en el trabajo y actitudes indiferentes ante las personas a las cuales atiende, lo que ha sido llamado síndrome de burnout. La apreciable frecuencia en que estas manifestaciones son expresadas por los colegas motivó la realización de la investigación. Objetivo: Identificar la presencia del síndrome de burnout en un grupo de psiquiatras de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación transversal mediante la aplicación del Maslach Burnout Inventory a 35 psiquiatras de la provincia Pinar del Río, se utilizó el método porcentual de cálculo. Resultados: Se identificaron 12 profesionales (34,2 por ciento) que se les diagnosticó síndrome de burnout o en riesgo, así como una baja incidencia de casos en los 10 primeros años de graduado como médico, no así en los psiquiatras en que sí se diagnosticó mayoritariamente en los primeros años de ejercer la especialidad. La relación mental estable presupone un mayor riesgo de padecer el síndrome o estar en riesgo. Conclusiones: El síndrome de burnout o el riesgo de padecerlo se diagnosticó en poco más de un tercio de los psiquiatras, la relativa alta frecuencia del síndrome en los que tienen pareja estable pudiera atribuirse a otros factores que gravitan junto a los vinculados al trabajo y no a este solamente(AU)

Introduction: Complaints frequently expressed by professionals from different specialties and related to the tensions produced by work may provoke behaviors consistent with emotional exhaustion, loss of interest in work and indifferent attitudes towards the people they attend. This has been called burnout syndrome. The appreciable frequency in which these manifestations are expressed by colleagues motivated this research. Objective: To identify the presence of burnout syndrome in a group of psychiatrists in Pinar del Río Province. Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out through the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to 35 psychiatrists from Pinar del Río Province. The percentage method of calculation was used. Results: Twelve professionals (34.2 percent) were identified as diagnosed with burnout syndrome or at risk of it, together with a low incidence of cases in the first ten years after graduating as a medical doctor; but not among psychiatrists, in which it was diagnosed mostly in the first years of practicing the specialty. The stable mental relationship presupposes a greater risk for suffering from the syndrome or for being at risk. Conclusions: Burnout syndrome or the risk of suffering from was diagnosed in just over one third of psychiatrists. The relative high frequency of the syndrome in those with a stable partner could be attributed to other factors together with those related to work and not to this alone(AU)

The mediating role of COVID-19-related burden in the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional exhaustion: results of the egePan - VOICE study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for mental health problems. However, there is a lack of data targeting the role of ACEs for one of the most prevalent mental health problems in health-care professionals: burnout. Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between ACEs and the core burnout dimension 'emotional exhaustion' (EE). As health-care professionals have been facing particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, we furthermore aimed to assess the role of COVID-19 associated burden in the interplay between ACEs and EE. Methods: During the first lockdown in Germany, a total of 2500 medical healthcare professionals were questioned in a cross-sectional online survey. Questions targeted, among others, sociodemographics, ACEs, COVID-19-associated problems (e.g. increase of workload, worries about relatives and patients) and emotional exhaustion, measured by the respective dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: In German health-care professionals, ACEs were associated with a higher EE score. The number of experienced ACEs was associated with the majority of assessed COVID-19-associated problems. An increasing number of ACEs predicted higher EE scores, controlling for gender. The association between ACEs and EE was mediated significantly by COVID-19-associated problems. These included maladaptive coping strategies such as increased smoking, drinking and use of antidepressants/tranquilizers, feeling less protected by measures of the employee or the state, a greater feeling of being burdened by COVID-19-associated problems and greater exhaustion and sleep problems. Conclusion: Our findings suggest ACEs as significant risk factor for EE in German health-care professionals. The current pandemic means a significant burden that further pronounces this risk.

Antecedentes: Las experiencias adversas en la niñez (ACEs en sus siglas en inglés) aumentan el riesgo de problemas de salud mental. Sin embargo, faltan datos sobre el papel de las ACEs en uno de los problemas de salud mental más prevalentes en los profesionales de la salud: el agotamiento (burnout).Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre las ACEs y la dimensión central del agotamiento 'agotamiento emocional' (AE). Dado que los profesionales de la salud se han enfrentado a desafíos particulares durante la pandemia de COVID-19, además nos propusimos evaluar el papel de la carga asociada a COVID-19 en la interacción entre las ACEs y la AE.Métodos: Durante la primera cuarentena en Alemania, se interrogó a un total de 2500 profesionales de la salud en una encuesta transversal en línea. Las preguntas fueron dirigidas, entre otros, a datos sociodemográficos, ACEs, problemas asociados a COVID-19 (por ejemplo, aumento de la carga de trabajo, preocupaciones sobre familiares y pacientes) y agotamiento emocional, medidos por la dimensión respectiva del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Resultados: En los profesionales sanitarios alemanes, las ACEs se asociaron con una puntuación de AE más alta. El número de ACEs experimentados se asoció con la mayoría de los problemas asociados a COVID-19 evaluados. Un mayor número de ACEs predijo puntuaciones de AE más altas, controlado por género. La asociación entre ACEs y AE fue mediada significativamente por problemas asociados con COVID-19. Estos incluyeron estrategias de afrontamiento desadaptativas, como fumar, beber y usar antidepresivos/tranquilizantes, sentirse menos protegido por las medidas del empleador o el estado, una mayor sensación de estar agobiado por los problemas asociados con COVID-19 y un mayor agotamiento y problemas de sueño.Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que las ACEs son un factor de riesgo significativo para la AE en los profesionales de la salud alemanes. La pandemia actual implica una carga importante que acentúa aún más este riesgo.

Percepción social del agotamiento emocional en profesionales de enfermería: experiencias con el paciente y la organización / Social perception of emotional exhausti on in nurses: experiences with the patient an d the organization

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el agotamiento emocional y sus consecuencias sobre el trabajador, el paciente y la organización. Método: a partir de un diseño cualitativo se realizó un estudio en la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2019, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, a profesionales en enfermería, en quienes se indago sobre las fuentes y consecuencias del agotamiento emocional, hasta alcanzar la saturación teórica. El estudio se abordó con una perspectiva y un análisis fenomenológico. Resultados: durante las entrevistas emergieron siete temas como generadores de agotamiento emocional; quehacer propio de la enfermería, exceso de labores administrativas, conflicto familia-trabajo, relacionamiento, falta de control sobre el trabajo, sobrecarga de trabajo y los desenlaces negativos observados en los pacientes. Como consecuencias del agotamiento emocional se identifican las fallas sobre la seguridad del paciente, insatisfacción laboral y baja productividad. Conclusión: el agotamiento emocional es una experiencia compleja, nuestros resultados señalan algunas áreas potenciales para su intervención en los profesionales de la enfermería, tales como la comunicación con los pacientes y familias, el aumento del control sobre el trabajo y las expectativas realistas en la atención en salud. El trabajo de tipo administrativo y la participación en instancias de decisión dentro de las instituciones de salud, deberán realizarse con base en la evaluación de la pertinencia y de carga laboral de cada profesional de enfermería(AU)

Objective: to understand the perceptions nurses have regarding emotional exhaustion and its consequences on the worker, the patient and the organization. Method: In 2019, we conducted a qualitative study in Medellin (Colombia), through in-depth interviews with nursing professionals, in whom the sources and consequences of emotional exhaustion were explored until reaching theoretical saturation. The study was approached using a phenomenological perspective and analysis.Results: during the interviews, seven themes emerged as generators of emotional exhaustion: nursing work, excessive administrative tasks, family-work conflict, relationship, lack of control over work, work overload and negative outcomes observed in patients. Consequences of emotional exhaustion included patient safety errors, job dissatisfaction and low productivity. Conclusion: emotional exhaustion is a complex experience. Our results indicate some potential areas for intervention in nurses, including communication with patients and families, greater job control and realistic expectations regarding health care outcomes. Administrative tasks and participation in decision-making groups within health institutions must be conducted out based on an evaluation of the relevance and workload of each nursing professional(AU)

Pandemia da Covid-19: perspectiva feminina sobre o isolamento social / Covid-19 pandemic: the female perspective on social isolation / Pandemia de Covid-19: perspectiva femenina acerca del aislamiento social

O isolamento decorrente do coronavírus (covid-19) trouxe diversas implicações no âmbito familiar, profissional e social, repercutindo intensamente no cotidiano. Assim, este estudo objetivou compreender a perspectiva feminina sobre o isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia da covid-19. O delineamento foi qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório e transversal, realizado com servidoras públicas de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil. As informações foram coletadas por questionário sociodemográfico e grupo focal. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram quatro temáticas: a) (des)adaptação à nova rotina; b) "panela de pressão" dentro de casa; c) individualidade e conjugalidade; e d) estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados evidenciaram o agravo de um fenômeno conhecido: a sobrecarga feminina. Foram revelados os desafios da adaptação à nova rotina, as demandas dos diferentes papéis desempenhados pelas mulheres (mãe, trabalhadora, dona de casa, esposa) e o esgotamento emocional diante da expectativa de dar conta de tudo.

The isolation resulting from the coronavirus (covid-19) brought several implications to the family, professional and social spheres, with an intense repercussion in daily life. Hence, this study aimed to understand the female perspective on social isolation experienced due to the covid-19 pandemic. The design was qualitative, descriptive exploratory and cross-sectional, carried out with female public workers from a federal university of southern Brazil. The data were collected by sociodemographic questionnaire and focus group, and the analysis pointed to four themes: a) (dis)adaptation to the new routine; b) "pressure cooker" at home; c) individuality and conjugality; and d) coping strategies. The results highlighted the aggravation of a known phenomenon: women's overload. Also, the challenges of adapting to the new routine were revealed, as well as the demands of the different roles played by women (mother, worker, housewife, wife) and the psychological exhaustion from the expectation of taking care of everything.

El aislamiento resultante del coronavirus (covid-19) trajo varias implicaciones en el ámbito familiar, profesional y social, con una intensa repercusión en la vida cotidiana. Así, este estudio tuvo el objetivo de comprender la perspectiva femenina acerca del aislamiento social, experimentado debido a la pandemia covid-19. El diseño fue cualitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio y transversal, realizado con servidoras públicas de una universidad federal del sur de Brasil. La información se recogió a partir de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un grupo focal. Del análisis de los datos emergieron cuatro temas: a) (des)adaptación a la nueva rutina; b) "olla a presión" dentro de la casa; c) individualidad y conyugalidad; y d) estrategias de afrontamiento. Los resultados evidenciaron el agravamiento de un fenómeno conocido: la sobrecarga femenina. Se revelaron los desafíos de adaptarse a la nueva rutina, las exigencias de los diferentes roles que desempeñan las mujeres (madre, trabajadora, ama de casa, esposa) y el agotamiento emocional frente a la expectativa de ocuparse de todo.

SARS-Cov-2 como detonante del síndrome de desgaste profesional en el personal de un centro de salud / SARS-Cov-2 as a trigger for professional wear syndrome in the staff of a health center

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el 11 de marzo del 2020 a la COVID-19 como pandemia debido a su rápido mecanismo de transmisión y difícil control epidemiológico, lo que representa una pesada carga para el sistema sanitario mundial. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel del síndrome de desgaste profesional que presenta el personal profesional y no profesional del Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez de Puerto Maldonado, frente a la llegada de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, tipo descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 69 personas profesionales y no profesionales que laboran en el Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez de Puerto Maldonado, Perú, abril 2020. A quienes se les aplicó el inventario Maslach Burnout Inventory para valorar el síndrome de agotamiento frente al incremento de casos de COVID-19. Resultados: El 50,72 por ciento (n = 35) del personal que labora en el Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez presentó un nivel medio del síndrome de desgaste profesional, con el mayor peso en la subescala de agotamiento emocional con un 60,87 por ciento (n = 42) en nivel medio. La situación que más le preocupaba al personal es la escasez del equipo personal de protección como tapabocas, guantes y uniformes. Conclusiones: La mitad de los trabajadores profesionales y no profesionales del Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez presentan niveles medios del síndrome de desgaste profesional. El cansancio emocional es la dimensión más afectada, según las dimensiones definidas por Maslach Burnout Inventory. Entre las estrategias para afrontar la emergencia por COVID-19 están la planificación anticipada, el trabajo en equipo y la disponibilidad adecuada de equipos de protección personal, los cuales son factores fundamentales para prevenir el síndrome de desgaste profesional(AU)

Introduction: The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 on 11 March, 2020 as a pandemic due to its quick transmission mechanism and difficult epidemiological control, which poses a heavy burden on the global health system. Objective: Determine the level of professional wear syndrome presented by professional and non-professional staff of Jorge Chavez Health Center in Puerto Maldonado, facing the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Non-experimental study, descriptive and transversal type, with a sample of 69 professional and non-professional persons working at Jorge Chavez Health Center in Puerto Maldonado, Peru, April 2020. The staff underwent Maslach Burnout Inventory applied to assess exhaustion syndrome while facing increased COVID-19 cases. Results: 50.72 percent (n=35) of staff working at Jorge Chavez Health Center had an average level of professional wear syndrome, with the highest weight in the emotional exhaustion subscale with 60.87 percent (n=42) at the mid-level. The situation of greatest concern to staff is the scarcity of personal protective equipment such as facemasks, gloves and uniforms. Conclusions: Half of the professional and non-professional workers at Jorge Chavez Health Center have average levels of professional wear syndrome. Emotional fatigue is the most affected dimension, according to the dimensions defined by Maslach Burnout Inventory. Among the strategies to address COVID-19 emergency are included: advance planning, teamwork, and adequate availability of personal protective equipment, which are key factors in preventing professional wear syndrome(AU)