Role of quality assessment of the recycled packaging material in determining its safety profile as food contact material.

Food packaging waste significantly impacts global environmental changes, prompting the adoption of a green circular economy approach. Recycling packaging waste is a critical element of this strategy. However, it faces challenges related to the quality of recycled materials and concerns about their safety. Thus, this review aimed to highlight different analytical methods alone or in combination to evaluate the quality of the recycled material. Furthermore, the safety and health aspects related to the migration of contaminants and their relevant regulations have also been discussed. An important parameter while selecting an appropriate recycling method is the composition and nature of the recyclate, for instance, HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), and PP (Polypropylene) materials can be recycled using mechanical and chemical recycling, however, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and PS (Polystyrene) present challenges during mechanical recycling due to lower molecular weight and complex compositions, thus are often downcycled into lower-grade products. Still, recycled papers can be more problematic than recycled plastics due to the nature of the materials and the impact of recycling. The literature review suggested that three quality properties i.e., presence of low molecular weight compounds, degree of degradation, and composition should be analyzed by using different spectroscopic, thermo-mechanical, and chromatographic techniques to obtain a detailed understanding of recycled material quality. Furthermore, recycling should be done in such a way that the migration of contaminants should be lower than the migratory limits set by the relevant authorities to avoid any toxicological effects.

Application of Classroom Assessment Techniques in Medical Education: Results From the Community Medicine Teaching and Learning Experience.

Introduction Efficient delivery of medical education (ME) is crucial to improving the standards of future physicians or clinicians. India has been experiencing an enormous increase in medical colleges and student admissions into medicine. This has resulted in overcrowding and compromised the student-to-teacher ratio. Conversely, students and teachers face difficulties with learning and teaching, respectively. Classroom assessment techniques (CATs) offer an egalitarian and productive approach to student learning and evaluation. This study was conducted to understand the role of CATs in improving student learning and motivation during community medicine lectures. Further, this study assessed the classroom teaching and learning (TL) process. Method This study included 100 third-year medical students pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and 12 faculty members working at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital (GEMS&H), Srikakulam, India. To facilitate learning and boost motivation, this study applied three CATs including a one-minute paper (OMP), muddiest point (MP), and student-generated test questions (SGTQs). After two months of applying CATs, the teachers and students were asked for feedback on their experiences. The data generated from feedback forms were tabulated and analyzed. Results According to 76% (76/100) of students, these strategies have stimulated their interest in learning community medicine. Besides, 64% (64/100) of students believed utilizing these strategies would improve their exam outcomes. Further, 77% (77/100) of students believed these methods must be applied in subsequent lessons. About 68% (68/100) of students thought other subject teachers should also employ these strategies. Of the 12 faculty members included in the study, they mostly liked the OMP (5; 41.66%) and MP technique (5; 41.66%). Conclusions Teachers and students have highly welcomed the utility of CATs to improve learning in community medicine. Of the three CATs applied, the OMP was the most popular with students, and teachers agreed that using OMP in the classroom along with MP would be beneficial. Most students and teachers were enthusiastic about employing additional TL strategies like CATs.

How successful the online assessment techniques in distance learning have been, in contributing to academic achievements of management undergraduates?

The implementation of online teaching and assessments was prompted by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, all universities had to adopt the distance-learning method as the only choice to continue education delivery. This study's main objective is to understand the effectiveness of assessment techniques followed through distance learning in Sri Lankan management undergraduates during COVID-19. Furthermore, utilizing a qualitative approach and thematic analysis for data analysis, semi-structured interviews with 13 management faculty lecturers selected through the purposive sample technique were used for data collection. The survey was conducted via an online questionnaire that was distributed to Sri Lankan undergraduates, and a total of 387 samples from management undergraduates were drawn for the quantitative data analysis using a simple random sampling technique. The study's main findings revealed that five online assessments are currently being utilized to evaluate management undergraduates' academic performance under distance learning, including online examinations, online presentations, online quizzes, case studies, and report submissions. In addition, this study statistically and with some qualitative empirical evidences in the existing literature proved that online examinations, online quizzes, and report submissions have a significant impact on undergraduates' academic performance. Further, this study also recommended that universities should implement procedures for online assessment techniques in order to assess the quality assurance of assessment techniques. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11715-7.

Large Animal Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Therapy Development and Preclinical Testing.

Large animal models are valuable for developing and testing translational therapies for inherited retinal dystrophies such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Gene augmentation therapy has been developed utilizing such models. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been frequently utilized and delivered by intravitreal or subretinal injection. In vivo longitudinal assessments of therapeutic outcomes are essential. These include regular ophthalmic examinations as well as detailed fundus assessments including confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the retina by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Retinal function assessment includes vision testing and electroretinography (ERG).

An objective assessment for bone drilling: A pilot study on vertical drilling.

The purpose of this study is to propose a quantitative assessment scheme to help with surgical bone drilling training. This pilot study gathered and compared motion and force data from expert surgeons (n = 3) and novice residents (n = 6). The experiment used three-dimensional printed bone simulants of young bone (YB) and osteoporotic bone (OB), and drilling overshoot, time, and force were measured. There was no statistically significant difference in overshoot between the two groups (p = 0.217 for YB and 0.215 for OB). The results, however, show that the experts took less time (mean = 4.01 s) than the novices (mean = 9.98 s), with a statistical difference (p = 0.003 for YB and 0.0001 for OB). In addition, the expert group performed more consistently than the novices. The force analysis further revealed that experts used a higher force to drill the first cortical section and a noticeably lower force in the second cortex to control the overshoot (approximate reduction of 5.5 N). Finally, when drilling time and overshoot distance were combined, the motion data distinguished the skill gap between expert and novice drilling; the force data provided insight into the drilling mechanism and performance outcomes. This study lays the groundwork for a data-driven training scheme to prepare novice residents for clinical practice.

The Conjoint Family Drawing: A Tool to Explore About Family Relationships.

In this article we will present the Conjoint Family Drawing, a graphic-interactive tool developed to evaluate family relationships. This tool allows an analytical and clinical evaluation of families and their relationships while facilitating the understanding of the overall family functioning through a synthetic coding system which distinguishes families from each other. First of all, a presentation of the analytical coding system is provided; such system consists of a grid, formed by two distinct levels of observation: the analysis of the product, which, in turn focuses on two levels, the global-familiar one (given by the overall drawing) and the individual one (given the individual members' drawings), and the analysis of the drawing process (what happens during the realization of the drawing), which is made up of the observations of family interactions at the individual and group level. Consistently with our objectives and the theoretical and methodological literature on family drawing in its various forms and ways of implementation, 10 indicators for product analysis and 9 indicators for process analysis have been identified. A sample of 117 Conjoint Family Drawings was analyzed in order to verify the coding system's applicability and effectiveness. The sample was constituted according to a convenience (not probabilistic) criterion. Following, a computing system was developed to allow the investigation of the overall family functioning through three steps: (1) the analysis of the frequency distribution of each indicator, in order to verify the non-determinability rates and the distribution of the different answer options; (2) a two-step cluster analysis, to determine homogeneous groups of Conjoint Family Drawings and identify, within each cluster (and comparatively between the clusters), the indicators and answer modalities that mostly affect the clusters' aggregation itself; (3) the development of a synthetic system to code the Conjoint Family Drawing, beginning with the indicators that define the typological profiles of the clusters obtained. The synthetic system was developed through a summative and logical-combinatorial method, merging the most discriminating and clinically significant coding items, that is, those that are best associable to specific ways of family functioning. Seven family types emerged from these analyses: families characterized by optimal functioning, families characterized by adequate functioning, families characterized by chaotic functioning, families characterized by fragile paternity, families characterized by separate functioning, families with multiproblematic functioning and residual families. The characteristics of these family types will be outlined in this article.

Fat-Free Mass Index, Visceral Fat Level, and Muscle Mass Percentage Better Explain Deviations From the Expected Value of Aortic Pressure and Structural and Functional Arterial Properties Than Body Fat Indexes.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived indexes [e.g., fat (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI), visceral fat level (VFL)] are used to characterize obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). The BIA-derived index that better predicts arterial variability is still discussed. Aims: To determine: (1) the association of classical [weight, height, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR)] and BIA-derived indexes, with arterial properties deviations from expected values (arterial z-scores); (2) maximum arterial variations attributable to BIA-derived indexes; (3) whether the composition of total body, trunk and/or limbs is most closely associated with arterial variations. Methods: Hemodynamic, structural, and functional parameters of different histological types of arteries were assessed (n = 538, 7-85 years). Classical and BIA-derived indexes [fat mass and percentage, FMI, VFL, muscle mass percentage (PMM), FFMI, and percentage] were measured (mono- and multi-segmental devices). Arterial z-scores were obtained using age-related equations derived from individuals not-exposed to CRFs (n = 1,688). Results: First, regardless of the classical index considered, the associations with the arterial properties showed a specific hierarchy order: diameters and local stiffness > aortic and brachial blood pressure (BP) > regional stiffness. Second, all the associations of FMI and FFMI with z-scores were positive. Third, FFMI exceeded the association obtained with BMI and BMR, considering structural z-scores. In contrast, FMI did not exceed the association with z-scores achieved by BMI and BMR. Fourth, regardless of CRFs and classical indexes, arterial z-scores would be mainly explained by FFMI, VFL, and PMM. Fifth, regardless of the body-segment considered, the levels of association between FMI and z-scores did not exceed those found for classic and FFMI. Total fat mass and trunk indexes showed a greater strength of association with z-scores than the FMI of limbs. Sixth, compared to lower limb FFMI indexes, total and upper limbs FFMI showed higher levels of association with z-scores. Conclusions: FFMI (but not FMI) exceeded the strength of association seen between BMI or BMR and structural z-scores. Regardless of the body segment analyzed, the associations between FMI and z-scores did not exceed those found with classic and FFMI. Arterial z-scores could be independently explained by FFMI, VFL, and PMM.

LONG-TERM RESULTS OF TREATING PATIENTS WITH OPEN FRACTURES OF LOW-LEG BONES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To analyse long-term results of treating patients with open fractures of low-leg bones within a specific time period and to describe concomitant problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the results of the final treatment of patients after one year and after five years. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 47 (61.84%) patients for whom the treatment method was changed from external fixation to internal fixation. Group II included 29 (38.16%) patients for whom the final treatment of an open fracture was performed with an external fixation device without changing the method. The study exclusion criteria were patients under 18 years old and patients with gunshot fractures of the lower leg bones. RESULTS: Results: Patient treatment included initial surgical debridement and fracture stabilization with external fixation devices. In all patients, wound healing occurred within 30 days (on average, 24 ± 4.5 days). When evaluating the treatment of patients in group I, 32 (68.09%) of them underwent a one-stage removal of an external fixation device and osteosynthesis of fragments during the first 7-10 days. In 3 (20.0%) patients, osteosynthesis was performed with an intramedullary locking nail, in 12 (80.0%) patients - with a plate. The decision to change the fixation method was made taking into account clinical and laboratory parameters. It is noted that the treatment of patients with type III open fractures of the lower leg bones according to the Gustilo-Andersen classification, provided that the method of external fixation is replaced with an internal one, gives better results compared to osteosynthesis with external fixation devices. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Treatment of patients with high-energy injuries of the lower leg bones is a long-term process. It is possible to improve the therapy efficiency by changing the fixation method from external to internal one. In this regard, the main evaluative characteristics are such indicators as uncomplicated wound healing combined with the absence of laboratory and clinical signs of inflammation.

Carbon emissions from the peat fire problem-a review.

Peat fires in tropical peatland release a substantial amount of carbon into the environment and cause significant harm to peatlands and the ecology, resulting in climate change, biodiversity loss, and the alteration of the ecosystem. It is essential to understand peat fires and to develop more effective methods for controlling them. To estimate carbon emissions and monitor fires, the depth of burning can measure the overall burnt down the volume, which is proportional to the carbon emissions that are emitted to the environment. The first step is to understand the technique of measuring the depth of the burn. However, there is a lack of integrated information regarding the burning depth for peat fires. This review paper discusses the techniques used to measure the burning depth, with particular attention given to quantifying carbon emissions. The article also provides information on the types of methods used to determine the burning depths. This research contributes to the field of peat fire by providing a readily available reference for practitioners and researchers on the current state of knowledge on peat fire monitoring systems.

Scope of physiological and behavioural pain assessment techniques in children - a review.

Pain is an unpleasant subjective experience. At present, clinicians are using self-report or pain scales to recognise and monitor pain in children. However, these techniques are not efficient to observe the pain in children having cognitive disorder and also require highly skilled observers to measure pain. Using these techniques it is also difficult to choose the analgesic drug dosages to the patients after surgery. Thus, this conceptual work explains the demand for automatic coding techniques to evaluate pain and also it documents some evidence of techniques that act as an alternative approach for objectively determining pain in children. In this review, some good indicators of pain in children are explained in detail; they are facial expressions from an RGB image, thermal image and also feature from well proven physiological signals such as electrocardiogram, skin conductance, body temperature, surgical pleth index, pupillary reflex dilation, analgesia nociception index, photoplethysmography, perfusion index etc.

[Procognitive effects of fluvoxamine: preliminary data]. / Prokognitivnye éffekty fluvoksamina (predvaritel'nye dannye).

AIM: To identify and investigate procognitive effects of fluvoxamine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective non-comparative trial of fluvoxamine was carried out in 50 patients in the remission phase of recurrent depressive disorder. To assess the efficacy of therapy, the Stroop color and word test, the Revised version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, the Frontal Assessment Battery, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale were used. Fluvoxamine was administered at doses of 50-150 mg/day for 24-weeks. RESULTS: There were the improvement of executive functions, including selective attention and inhibitory control, and recovery of verbal fluency. The procognitive effect of fluvoxamine was dose-dependent and was related to the reduction of residual depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Fluvoxamine has procognitive effects, stabilizes remission and improves social adaptation of the patients.

Evaluating the quality of medical evidence in real-world contexts.

How should the quality of medical evidence be evaluated? Proponents of evidence-based medicine advocate the use evidence hierarchies to rank the quality of evidence on the basis that certain methods produce more reliable evidence. Some criticisms of this approach focus on whether certain methods deserve their place in the hierarchy, while others claim that evidence hierarchies should be abandoned in favour of other evidence assessment techniques. We claim that this debate pays insufficient attention to the real-world contexts in which medical decisions are made. To address this limitation, we explore the value of using evidence hierarchies and other evidence assessment techniques in differing contexts of medical decision making and argue that the way in which the quality of medical evidence should be evaluated depends on context. Focusing the discussion of the evaluation of medical evidence on real-world contexts has implications for the viability of the principle of total evidence.

Potência aeróbia em atletas de futebol e futsal de diferentes níveis competitivos / Aerobic power in soccer and futsal players of different competitive levels

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os valores de potência e capacidade aeróbia entre atletas de futebol e futsal nos diferentes níveis competitivos e modalidades. A amostra foi constituída de 116 atletas do sexo masculino de seis equipes (3 de futebol e 3 de futsal) da 1ª divisão, 2ª divisão e universitário. Os participantes foram submetidos a duas sessões de coleta de dados. Na primeira sessão, uma avaliação antropométrica foi conduzida e familiarização com o teste de Carminatti (T-CAR). Na segunda sessão, foi realizado o teste de T-CAR de corrida intermitente, para determinar o pico de velocidade (PV). Para analisar as diferenças entre os valores médios dos dados antropométricos e fisiológicos das equipes e nos diferentes níveis competitivos foi utilizado ANOVA One-Way seguido do teste de Post-Hoc de Bonferroni. O Teste T para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparar as médias entre as modalidades. O valor de P < 0,05 foi considerado como nível de significância estatística. Maiores níveis de PVT-CAR e 80,4%PVT-CAR foram reportados nos atletas de futebol da 1ª divisão comparado com o da 2ª divisão do futsal e universitários, e entre as equipes da 1ª divisão de futsal e 2ª do futebol comparado com o futsal universitário. Além disso, maiores valores do PVT-CAR nas equipes da 1ª divisão de futsal e 2ª do futebol comparado com universitários e nos atletas de futebol versus futsal (p<0,05), afirmando que existe diferença entre os níveis competitivos e modalidades. Estes resultados sugerem que atletas de futebol e aqueles que atuam em elevados níveis competitivos possuem melhor condição física no desempenho do T-CAR....(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare the power levels and aerobic capacity between soccer and futsal players on different competitive levels and modalities. One hundred and sixteen male players from three soccer and futsal teams of the 1st division, 2nd division and university participated in the study. The participants underwent two data collection sessions. In the first session, an anthropometric assessment and familiarization with Carminatti's test (T-CAR) was conducted. In the second session, the T-CAR intermittent running test was conducted to determine the peak velocity (PV). One-way ANOVA was used in combination with post hoc testing (Bonferroni) to compare the average values of anthropometric and physiological data of the teams and in different competitive levels. The T test for independent samples was used to compare the means of the modality. Significance was assumed at 5% (P < 0.05). Aerobic indices were obtained by T-CAR. Higher levels of PVT-CAR and 80,4%PVT-CAR were reported on soccer players of st division compared to the futsal of 2nd division and university, and between the teams of the 1st futsal division and 2nd soccer division compared to the university futsal. In addition, higher PVT-CAR values on teams of 1st futsal division and 2nd soccer division compared to university and soccer players versus futsal (P < 0.05), declaring that there is a difference between the competitive levels and modalities. These results suggest that soccer players and those that play at high competitive levels have better performance in TCAR....(AU)

Air pollution in moderately polluted urban areas: How does the definition of "neighborhood" impact exposure assessment?

Environmental health studies commonly quantify subjects' pollution exposure in their neighborhood. How this neighborhood is defined can vary, however, leading to different approaches to quantification whose impacts on exposure levels remain unclear. We explore the relationship between neighborhood definition and exposure assessment. NO2, benzene, PM10 and PM2.5 exposure estimates were computed in the vicinity of 10,825 buildings using twelve exposure assessment techniques reflecting different definitions of "neighborhood". At the city scale, its definition does not significantly influence exposure estimates. It does impact levels at the building scale, however: at least a quarter of the buildings' exposure estimates for a 400 m buffer differ from the estimated 50 m buffer value (±1.0 µg/m(3) for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5; and ±0.05 µg/m(3) for benzene). This variation is significantly related to the definition of neighborhood. It is vitally important for investigators to understand the impact of chosen assessment techniques on exposure estimates.

Research on the development of green chemistry technology assessment techniques: a material reutilization case.

OBJECTIVES: This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. METHODS: The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. RESULTS: The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.

Research on the development of green chemistry technology assessment techniques: a material reutilization case

OBJECTIVES: This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. METHODS: The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. RESULTS: The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.

Research on the development of green chemistry technology assessment techniques: a material reutilization case

OBJECTIVES: This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. METHODS: The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. RESULTS: The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.

Improved knowledge retention among clinical pharmacy students using an anthropology classroom assessment technique.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt a classroom assessment technique (CAT) from an anthropology course to a diabetes module in a clinical pharmacy skills laboratory and to determine student knowledge retention from baseline. DESIGN: Diabetes item stems, focused on module objectives, replaced anthropology terms. Answer choices, coded to Bloom's Taxonomy, were expanded to include higher-order thinking. Students completed the online 5-item probe 4 times: prelaboratory lecture, postlaboratory, and at 6 months and 12 months after laboratory. Statistical analyses utilized a single factor, repeated measures design using rank transformations of means with a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. ASSESSMENT: The CAT revealed a significant increase in knowledge from prelaboratory compared to all postlaboratory measurements (p<0.0001). Significant knowledge retention was maintained with basic terms, but declined with complex terms between 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION: The anthropology assessment tool was effectively adapted using Bloom's Taxonomy as a guide and, when used repeatedly, demonstrated knowledge retention. Minimal time was devoted to application of the probe making it an easily adaptable CAT.

Instrumental assessment of velopharyngeal function and resonance: a review.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this literature review is to describe and discuss instrumental assessment techniques of the velopharyngeal function in order to diagnose velopharyngeal disorders and resonance characteristics. Both direct and indirect assessment techniques are addressed, in which successively nasopharyngoscopy, videofluoroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cephalometric radiographic analysis, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, acoustic and aerodynamic measurements are considered. Despite the multiple instrumental assessments available to detect and define velopharyngeal dysfunction, the ideal technique is not yet accessible. Therefore, a combination of different quantitative parameters can possibly form a solution for a more reliable determination of resonance disorders. These multi-dimensional approaches will be described and discussed. The combination of quantitative measurement techniques and perceptual evaluation of nasality will probably remain necessary to provide sufficient information to make appropriate decisions concerning the diagnosis and treatment of resonance disorders. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will be able to describe and discuss currently available instrumental techniques to assess the velopharyngeal mechanism and its functioning in order to diagnose velopharyngeal disorders. Additionally, he will be able to explain the possible advantages of the combination of several types of complementary measurement techniques.

Biopsychronology: live confocal imaging of biopsies to assess organ function.

Prolonged ischemia (I) times caused by organ procurement and transport are main contributors to a decrease in organ function, which is further enhanced during reperfusion (R). This combined damage, referred to as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), is a main contributor to delayed graft function, which leads to costly and lengthy follow-up treatments or even organ loss. Methods to monitor the status of a graft prior to transplantation are therefore highly desirable to optimize the clinical outcome. Here, we propose the use of fine needle biopsies, which are analyzed by real-time live confocal microscopy. Such a combination provides information about the functional and structural integrity of an organ within a few minutes. To confirm the feasibility of this approach, we obtained fine needle biopsies from rodent kidneys and exposed them to various stress conditions. Following the addition of a range of live stains, biopsies were monitored for mitochondrial function, cell viability, and tissue integrity using confocal live cell imaging. Our data demonstrate that this procedure requires minimal time for sample preparation and data acquisition and is well suitable to record organ damage resulting from unphysiological stress.