Re-engaging cultural differences: Culture, morality, trauma and the integration of non-Western migrants.

We locate our review of recent social scientific literature on non-Western migrants in Western liberal democracies within two opposing master narratives: a subtractive and an additive view of migration. Within this framework, we bring to light the contemporary conceptualizations of non-Western migrants in psychology by focusing on trauma. We then examine the cultural and moral clashes that sometimes arise from trans-global migration and the psychology of integration. We end by highlighting the importance of further research on cultural pluralism and omniculturalism to help foster more peaceful and diverse societies.

Interface refinement of low- to medium-resolution Cryo-EM complexes using HADDOCK2.4.

A wide range of cellular processes requires the formation of multimeric protein complexes. The rise of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the structural characterization of these protein assemblies. The density maps produced can, however, still suffer from limited resolution, impeding the process of resolving structures at atomic resolution. In order to solve this issue, monomers can be fitted into low- to medium-resolution maps. Unfortunately, the models produced frequently contain atomic clashes at the protein-protein interfaces (PPIs), as intermolecular interactions are typically not considered during monomer fitting. Here, we present a refinement approach based on HADDOCK2.4 to remove intermolecular clashes and optimize PPIs. A dataset of 14 cryo-EM complexes was used to test eight protocols. The best-performing protocol, consisting of a semi-flexible simulated annealing refinement with centroid restraints on the monomers, was able to decrease intermolecular atomic clashes by 98% without significantly deteriorating the quality of the cryo-EM density fit.

Experiences of cultural clashes at home and ethnic victimization in school: "I live between two cultures, and neither of them understands me".

The present study aims to examine the extent to which adolescents of immigrant background experience acculturative stress (i.e., cultural clashes with parents and ethnic victimization in school) in multiple contexts, and the reasons why such stress takes a toll on their psychological functioning and views of themselves. The analytic sample includes adolescents of immigrant background residing in Sweden (N = 423, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.51). Cluster analysis revealed five distinct groups of adolescents, based on their reports of cultural clashes with parents and ethnic victimization in school: (1) low on both acculturative stressors, (2) average on both acculturative stressors, (3) high on cultural clashes only, (4) high on ethnic victimization only, and (5) high on both acculturative stressors. Mediation analysis showed that adolescents who experienced cultural clashes at home and who were also victimized by their peers in school reported higher levels of feeling in between cultures than adolescents in all the other clusters (except those high on cultural clashes only), and in turn reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of self-esteem. The present study highlights the importance of understanding immigrant youth's experiences across multiple contexts simultaneously in order to develop a holistic perspective on their adjustment and integration processes.

Analysis on Rational Medication of TCM Patent Medicine Based on Incompatibility / 中国中医药信息杂志

TCM incompatibility means that the combinations of some Chinese materia medica would produce or enhance side effects, or even reduce or damage medicine efficacy. Therefore, clinical incompatibility should be avoided. The core idea of TCM incompatibility is "Eighteen Clashes" and "Nineteen Incompatibilities". China Pharmacopoeia clearly states that "Eighteen Clashes" and "Nineteen Incompatibilities" belong to incompatibility. This article summarized the incompatibility in TCM patent medicine used in Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Medicine Academy of Sciences, with a purpose to provide references for clinical doctors and pharmacists.

PON-SC - program for identifying steric clashes caused by amino acid substitutions.

BACKGROUND: Amino acid substitutions due to DNA nucleotide replacements are frequently disease-causing because of affecting functionally important sites. If the substituting amino acid does not fit into the protein, it causes structural alterations that are often harmful. Clashes of amino acids cause local or global structural changes. Testing structural compatibility of variations has been difficult due to the lack of a dedicated method that could handle vast amounts of variation data produced by next generation sequencing technologies. RESULTS: We developed a method, PON-SC, for detecting protein structural clashes due to amino acid substitutions. The method utilizes side chain rotamer library and tests whether any of the common rotamers can be fitted into the protein structure. The tool was tested both with variants that cause and do not cause clashes and found to have accuracy of 0.71 over five test datasets. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a fast method for residue side chain clash detection. The method provides in addition to the prediction also visualization of the variant in three dimensional structure.

The anti-gastric ulcer effects of combined administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata in mice on the basis of uniform design / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the influence of the combined administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata with different doses or ratios on anhydrous ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice with gastric ulcer. Methods The uniform design method was adopted on the basis of two factors and seven levels, which aims to investigate the influence of combined oral administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata with different doses or ratios on gastric mucosal injury in the mice with gastric ulcer. The indices like gastric ulcer index and stomach mucosa damage index were used to help selecting the right dose or ratio of decoctions for further study. Results The combined administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata at a certain proportion could reduce gastric ulcer index and stomach mucosa damage index. According to the regression analysis, the gastric ulcer index and stomach mucosa damage index were obviously inhibited by Bletilla striata, while this function decreased with the combined administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata. However, an interactive effect between each other has not been found. The influence of decoctions on the gastric ulcer index and stomach mucosa damage index became less when the compatibility ratio of Radix aconiti preparata increased, which referred to the total dose ranged between 3.64 g/kg and 29.32 g/kg. Conclusions The effect of the combined administration of Bletilla striata and Radix aconiti preparata showed relationship among the doses and ratios on anhydrous ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice with gastric ulcer.

Vivências e enfrentamentos de mulheres que usam drogas no exercício da maternidade / Experiences and confrontations of women who use drugs in the exercise of motherhood / Experiencias y enfrentamientos de las mujeres que consumen drogas en el ejercicio de la maternidad

O consumo de drogas por mulheres é uma conduta em expansão, porém socioculturalmente é considerada incompatível com a maternidade. A presente pesquisa parte do pressuposto que tal incompatibilidade atribuída à concomitância da maternidade e do uso problemático de drogas acarreta vulnerabilidades para as mulheres. E, na tentativa de atender às funções maternas inerentes ao papel social de mãe, as mulheres adotam medidas em relação ao seu consumo de drogas e à sua prole que merecem ser conhecidas. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com objetivo de: Conhecer vivências de mulheres que usam drogas no exercício da maternidade; Identificar situações de vulnerabilidade vivenciadas por mulheres que usam drogas no exercício da maternidade; Descrever formas de enfrentamento adotadas por mulheres que usam drogas para o exercício da maternidade. Participaram 15 mulheres cadastradas e em atendimento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas ou na Unidade de Saúde da Família, ambas localizadas no Centro Histórico de Salvador- Bahia. Para produção dos dados foram utilizadas a observação participante com registro em diário de campo e entrevista semiestruturada. O conceito de vulnerabilidade e suas dimensões, os estudos socioculturais relacionados à maternidade e ao envolvimento feminino no fenômeno das drogas foram utilizados para nortear a análise das informações. As participantes desta pesquisa tinham idade entre 19 e 61 anos, majoritariamente se autodeclararam da raça/cor negra e exercer atividades remuneradas, porém sem renda fixa. O padrão de consumo de drogas atual variou entre diariamente e esporadicamente, sendo as substâncias mais utilizadas o álcool, maconha e/ou medicamentos. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que a (auto)condenação em ser mãe e usuária de drogas, vinculada a papéis historicamente construídos para função materna e somada a rejeição da gravidez, as repercussões do efeito das drogas para mãe e feto/recém-nascido, a ausência e/ou fata de apoio da figura paterna, o luto pela morte e/ou afastamento dos filhos por opção ou imposição e a condição socioeconômica foram evidenciados como elementos de vulnerabilidade nas dimensões individuais e sociais. No entanto, na tentativa de atender papéis e funções socioculturalmente estabelecidas para o exercício da maternidade, as mulheres adotam ações de cuidado e de proteção com a prole e alteram o padrão de consumo de drogas. Tais ações diz respeito a cuidados consigo, através da realização do pré-natal, cuidados diretos com a prole, a doação dos filhos como forma de zelo e proteção, redução do uso, substituição de drogas consideradas mais prejudiciais por outras menos nocivas, e a busca por tratamento. A identificação de elementos de vulnerabilidade e de formas de enfrentamento para o exercício da maternidade favorece a elaboração e o desenvolvimento de ações, com vista da melhoria da prática de cuidados em saúde direcionados às mulheres que usam drogas.(AU)