Major postpartum haemorrhage after frozen embryo transfer: A population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on major postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) of mode of conception, differentiating between naturally conceived pregnancies, fresh embryo in vitro fertilisation (fresh-IVF) and frozen embryo transfer (frozen-IVF). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The French Burgundy Perinatal Network database, including all deliveries from 2006 to 2020, was linked to the regional blood centre database. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: In all, 244 336 women were included, of whom 240 259 (98.3%) were singleton pregnancies. METHODS: The main analyses were conducted in singleton pregnancies, including 237 608 naturally conceived, 1773 fresh-IVF and 878 frozen-IVF pregnancies. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted on maternal age, body mass index, smoking, parity, induction of labour, hypertensive disorders, diabetes, placenta praevia and/or accreta, history of caesarean section, mode of delivery, birthweight, birth place and year of delivery, were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major PPH was defined as PPH requiring blood transfusion and/or emergency surgery and/or interventional radiology. RESULTS: The prevalence of major PPH was 0.74% (n = 1749) in naturally conceived pregnancies, 1.92% (n = 34) in fresh-IVF pregnancies, and 3.30% (n = 29) in frozen-IVF pregnancies. The risk of major PPH was higher in frozen-IVF pregnancies than in both naturally conceived pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.63, 95% CI 1.68-4.10) and fresh-IVF pregnancies (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.44-5.35). CONCLUSIONS: We found that frozen-IVF pregnancies have a higher risk of major PPH and they should be subject to increased vigilance in the delivery room.

(De)Bonding with embryos: The emotional choreographies of Portuguese IVF patients.

In this article we develop the new concept of emotional choreography to describe how patients bond, debond and/or rebond with their embryos created in vitro using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Using this concept, we explore how the patients' management of their own emotions intertwines with political, scientific, and religious factors. Our analysis relies on and further advances Thompson's concepts of ethical and ontological "choreography". It is through these forms of choreography that complex contemporary biomedical issues with high political, ethical, and scientific stakes are negotiated, and through which different actors, entities, practices, roles, and norms undergo mutual constitution, reinforcement and (re)definition. Our article draws on the analysis of 69 in-depth interviews and the results of an online survey with 85 respondents.

Callus induction and transcriptomic analysis of in vitro embryos at different developmental stages of peony.

The efficient induction of peony embryogenic callus is of great significance to the improvement and establishment of its regeneration technology system. In this study, the in vitro embryos of 'Fengdanbai' at different developmental stages were selected as explants, the effects of different concentrations and types of plant growth regulator combinations on the induction and proliferation of embryonic callus at different developmental stages were investigated, and comparative transcriptome analysis of callus with different differentiation potentials were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms affecting callus differentiation. The results showed that the germination rate of 90d seed embryo was the best, which was 94.17%; the 70d and 80d cotyledon callus induction effect was the best, both reaching 100%, but the 80d callus proliferation rate was higher, the proliferation rate reached 5.31, and the optimal induction medium was MS+0.1 mg·L-1NAA+0.3 mg·L-1TDZ+3 mg·L-12,4-D, the callus proliferation multiple was 4.77. Based on the comparative transcriptomic analysis, we identified 3470 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the callus with high differentiation rate and low differentiation rate, including 1767 up-regulated genes and 1703 down-regulated genes. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the "Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" metabolic pathway was significantly enriched, which is associated with promoting further development of callus shoots and roots. This study can provide reference for genetic improvement and the improvement of regeneration technology system of peony.

Varied Approach of Using MSCs for Bovine Embryo In Vitro Culture.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secreted factors on bovine in vitro embryo development using MSCs in different culture systems: SOF medium, SOF medium conditioned by MSCs in monolayer, and in reverse drop and by embryo culture in coculture with MSCs. Statistically highly significant differences were noted between the number of blastocysts derived cultures in all tested culture systems. The in vitro culture in SOF turned out to be the most optimal. Statistically highly significant differences were observed in the number of blastocyst obtained between SOF and SOF in coculture with MSCs (P < 0.0001), and between SOF and SOF conditioned (monolayer and drop) (P < 0.00001). The trials to produce blastocysts in SOF conditioned by MSCs in reverse drops and monolayer failed. The blastocysts were obtained and analyzed by TUNEL only in two out of four experimental groups: SOF and SOF in coculture with MSCs. There were no significant differences between any of analyzed blastocysts' groups neither in the total number of nuclei nor in the apoptotic features. Neither medium conditioning by MSCs in monolayer and in reverse drop nor embryo culture in coculture with MSC turned out to be effective.

Varied approach of using MSCs for bovine embryo in vitro culture.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) secreted factors on bovine in vitro embryo development by using MSCs in different culture systems: SOF medium, SOF medium conditioned by MSCs in monolayer and in reverse drop and by embryo culture in co-culture with MSCs. Statistically highly significant differences were noted between the number of blastocysts derived cultures in all tested culture systems. The in vitro culture in SOF turned out to be the most optimal. Statistically highly significant differences were observed in the number of blastocyst obtained between SOF and SOF in co-culture with MSCs (p < 0.0001), and between SOF and SOF conditioned (monolayer and drop) (p < 0.00001). The trials to produce blastocysts in SOF conditioned by MSCs in reverse drops and monolayer failed. The blastocysts were obtained and analysed by TUNEL only in two out of four experimental groups: SOF and SOF in co-culture with MSCs. There were no significant differences between any of analysed blastocysts' groups neither in the total number of nuclei nor in the apoptotic features. Neither medium conditioning by MSCs in monolayer and in reverse drop nor embryo culture in co-culture with MSC turned out to be effective.

Effect of potential role of p53 on embryo development arrest induced by H2O2 in mouse.

During mammalian embryo development in vitro, mechanism of embryonic development arrest caused by oxidative stress has not been clear so far. The tumor suppressor protein p53 controls cell cycle and programmed cell death by regulating relevant signal pathway. Recent researches revealed that the concentration and distribution of p53 are closely related with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main objective of this experiment was to explore the role of p53 on embryonic development arrest caused by oxidative stress. Results showed that embryo arrest at two-four-cell stage was significantly increased in the presence of 50 µM H2O2 (39.01 ± 2.74 vs. 77.20 ± 5.34%, p < 0.05). Supplementation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) obviously reduced the ratio of development arrest (39.01 ± 2.74 vs. 71.18 ± 5.34%, p < 0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in ROS level, and H2O2 treatment sharply increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein levels of p53 and p53-ser15. Further increased transcription of GADD45a and p21, a downstream of p53, has an especially significant effect on the mRNA expression of GADD45a. However, expressions of cdc2 were reduced by H2O2. In addition, using Pifithrin-α (PFT-α), the suppresser of p53, the result showed that GADD45a and p21 were significantly downregulated, but the cell cycle gene cdc2 was significantly upregulated, while the protein level of p53 and p53-ser15 was significantly decreased. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ROS could activate p53 and regulate p53 target genes to influence early embryo development in in vitro culture.