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Aim Ischemic brain injury ( IBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide.Faced with this serious disease, human beings still laek effective treatment methods.With the advancement of science and the improvement of medi¬cal standards, the basic and clinieal research of cerebrovaseular diseases continues to develop to a higher and more in-depth lev¬el.Due to the limitations of clinical researeh, animal models of eerebral ischemia have beeome an indispensable tool for studying the mechanism of cerebrovascular disease damage and prevention and treatment measures.It is necessary to construct scientific, standard and standardized experimental methods and proee- dures..Methods This artiele combines our laboratory s long-tenn praetieal experienee in preparing animal models of cerebral is¬chemia.comprehensive literature data, comparison and evalua¬tion of the characteristics of commonly used animal models.Re¬sults Standardized preparation methods and discusses the com¬mon criteria for preparing experimental animal models of cerebral Ischemia, which is the occurrence of cerebral ischemia injury.Conclusions 'Hie researeh of mechanism and the researeh and de¬velopment of prevention and treatment drugs provide reliable ex¬perimental animal models.
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Objective: To prepare 1% voriconazole ( VCZ) sulfonated butyl ether- β-cyclodextrin ( SBE-β-CD) inclusion com-pound eye drop and study the quality. Methods: VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound was prepared with the molar ratio of VCZ to SBE-β-CD of 1 :1. Sodium chloride was used as the osmotic pressure regulator and benzalkonium bromide was employed as the pre-servative in the preparation of VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound eye drop. The appearance, pH value, content stability and irritation of the eye drop were studied as well. Results:The eye drop was colorless and transparent solution with the pH value of 6. 44 ± 0. 20, 6. 50 ± 0. 15,6. 48 ± 0. 22 the osmotic pressure of (320 ± 4. 62),(316 ± 2. 88),(322 ± 2. 60)MOsm and the VCZ content of 1. 02% g ·ml-1 . The results of accelerated testing and long-term testing showed no notable changes in the quality indices. The eye drop exhibi-ted no significant irritation to the rabbit eyes. Conclusion:VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound eye drop shows the properties of high VCZ content, stable quality and promising safety in eye application, which is worthy of further studies.
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Objective: To prepare 1% voriconazole ( VCZ) sulfonated butyl ether- β-cyclodextrin ( SBE-β-CD) inclusion com-pound eye drop and study the quality. Methods: VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound was prepared with the molar ratio of VCZ to SBE-β-CD of 1 :1. Sodium chloride was used as the osmotic pressure regulator and benzalkonium bromide was employed as the pre-servative in the preparation of VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound eye drop. The appearance, pH value, content stability and irritation of the eye drop were studied as well. Results:The eye drop was colorless and transparent solution with the pH value of 6. 44 ± 0. 20, 6. 50 ± 0. 15,6. 48 ± 0. 22 the osmotic pressure of (320 ± 4. 62),(316 ± 2. 88),(322 ± 2. 60)MOsm and the VCZ content of 1. 02% g ·ml-1 . The results of accelerated testing and long-term testing showed no notable changes in the quality indices. The eye drop exhibi-ted no significant irritation to the rabbit eyes. Conclusion:VCZ SBE-β-CD inclusion compound eye drop shows the properties of high VCZ content, stable quality and promising safety in eye application, which is worthy of further studies.
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Considering a variety of theories such like Dunkin's, Centra's and Kolitch's, a set of 13 indicators are designed to evaluate effect of courses taken in high education of China currently, compro-mised by chief aspects of course designing, practicing, and effect. Three courses including medical nursing, humanistic cultivation and communication skills in nursing and fundamentals of nursing in a nursing de-partment are chosen to be objects of questionnaire survey about the above indicators. The results show that there are significant differences in curriculum effectiveness between different courses. The scores are 2.81, 2.80 and 2.60 respectively, and teachers and students have different evaluation on the same indicators of the same curriculum,which provides a reference for teachers, colleges and universities and teaching management departments to promote the improvement of teaching quality.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare the Carboprost methyl-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) clathrate sublingual tab-lets,and conduct quality evaluation. METHODS:Wet granulation method was used to prepare Carboprost methyl-HP-β-CD clath-rate sublingual tablets. Using the appearance,calving time,wetting time and main drug content as investigation indexes,mass ratio of mannitol-lactose,povidone volume fraction and amount of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose(L-HPC)as factors,orthogo-nal test was used to screen the formulation. The calving time,wetting time,main drug content,content uniformity,dissolution de-gree of sublingual tablets with optimal formulation were evaluated. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follow as 78.82 mg of carboprost methyl-HP-β-CD clathrate (containing carboprost methyl 1 mg),100 mg of mannitol-lactose (mass ratio of 9:1) mixed powder,appropriate amount of 2% povidone solution,30 mg of L-HPC,and 1 mg of magnesium stearate. The calving time of prepared 3 batches of sublingual tablets was(25.30±3.21)-(26.53±2.69)s;wetting time was(64.65±8.07)-(65.54±7.21)s;main drug content was (96.13 ± 0.43)%-(97.06 ± 0.82)%;content uniformity was 5.95-7.68;the cumulative dissolution degree within 10 min was more than 50%,and it can completely dissolute within 30 min. CONCLUSIONS:Carboprost methyl- HP-β-CD clathrate sublingual tablets,which are up to requirements,are prepared successfully.
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The paper described the concept of evidence-based medicine and its guiding role in clini-cal practice and scientific research. It emphasized the importance of teaching evidence-based medicine in clinical medicine teaching of medical college students, and put forward some suggestions on how to carry out evidence-based medicine teaching among undergraduate students. In the course of undergraduate study, students should have preliminary grasp of how to apply the theory of clinical epidemiology to evaluate the evidence of clinical research so that they could evaluate the authenticity, importance and applicability of the research evidence . Besides , they could correctly understand and apply the evidence of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice in the future, and at the same time cultivate their scientific research thinking and innovative ability.
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Evoked potentials can reflect the integrity of spinal sensory and motor conduction pathway.Evoked potential exami-nation not only provides relatively objective index for patients with spinal cord injury in preoperative diagnosis,intraoperative monitoring and prognosis judging,but also plays an irreplaceable role in evaluating animal models for spinal cord injury.This pa-per systematically reviews evoked potential in the clinical exami-nation of spinal cord injury and its application in evaluating ani-mal models.
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Formation of communicative ability has internality and chronicity. Currently, eval-uation methods for medical students' communicative skills include examination, questionnaire, and comprehensive evaluation. Each has its own merits and drawbacks. As an alternative, this paper pro-posed to construct student archives for evaluation of communicative skills and opted for a comprehen-sive mode, based on students' self-assessment, guided by the teacher, and combined with patients' assessment.
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In order to make students know about oral and maxillofacial surgery earlier in the current medical education model,which was important for fostering the professional interests of students,West China School of Stomatology,Sichuan University initiated freshmen into an introductory course in oral and maxillofacial surgery.The teaching methods are based on teaching and complemented byclinical intership.coure content including the history,present situation and development direction of oral and maxillofacial surgery.The course is popular among the students and the desired effect was achieved.