Mapping the evaluation of the electronic health system PEC e-SUS APS in Brazil: a scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health has developed and provided the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS), a health information system freely available for utilization by all municipalities. Given the substantial financial investment being made to enhance the quality of health services in the country, it is crucial to understand how users evaluate this product. Consequently, this scoping review aims to map studies that have evaluated the PEC e-SUS APS. METHODS: This scoping review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) framework, as well as by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The research question was framed based on the "CoCoPop" mnemonic (Condition, Context, Population). The final question posed is, "How has the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS) been evaluated?" The search strategy will be executed across various databases (LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Digital Library), along with gray literature from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global and Google Scholar, with assistance from a professional healthcare librarian skilled in supporting systematic reviews. The database search will encompass the period from 2013 to 2024. Articles included will be selected by three independent reviewers in two stages, and the findings will undergo a descriptive analysis and synthesis following a "narrative review" approach. Independent reviewers will chart the data as outlined in the literature. DISCUSSION: The implementation process for the PEC e-SUS APS can be influenced by the varying characteristics of the over 5500 Brazilian municipalities. These factors and other challenges encountered by health professionals and managers may prove pivotal for a municipality's adoption of the PEC e-SUS APS system. With the literature mapping to be obtained from this review, vital insights into how users have evaluated the PEC will be obtained. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The protocol has been registered prospectively at the Open Science Framework platform under the number 10.17605/OSF.IO/NPKRU.

Qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos em sistemas de informação no estado de São Paulo, Brasil / The quality of the anthropometric data on children under five years of age in information systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos em dois sistemas de informação no estado de São Paulo. A amostra compreendeu 2.117.108 crianças do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e 748.551 do Projeto Estadual do Leite (Vivaleite). Inicialmente, avaliamos a frequência de valores faltantes e fora do espectro do equipamento, e calculamos o índice de preferência de dígito para peso. Após calcular os índices de altura para idade (A-I), peso para idade (P-I) e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC-I), identificamos os valores biologicamente implausíveis (VBI) e calculamos o desvio-padrão (DP). Para cada município, calculamos a média e o DP de A-I, P-I e IMC-I; e plotamos os valores de DP em função da média. A preferência de dígito no peso foi maior em crianças de 24 a 59 meses no Sisvan. A frequência de VBI para A-I (SISVAN 2,56%; Vivaleite 0,98%) foi maior do que para P-I (Sisvan 2,10%; Vivaleite 0,18%). Para o índice A-I as variações entre os municípios foram mais acentuadas no Vivaleite do que no Sisvan. A variável altura apresentou baixa confiabilidade nos dois sistemas. A variável peso apresentou qualidade satisfatória no Vivaleite e insatisfatória no Sisvan.

Abstract This paper involves the analysis of the quality of anthropometric data on children under five years of age in two information systems in the State of São Paulo. The sample included 2,117,108 children from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), and 748,551 from the State Milk Project (VIVALEITE). Initially, we evaluated the frequency of missing values and others outside the equipment spectrum and calculated the digit-to-weight preference index. After calculating height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and body mass index-for-age (BAZ), we flagged the biologically implausible values (BIV) and calculated the standard deviation (SD). For each municipality, we calculated the mean and the SD of HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ; and plotted the SD values as a function of the mean. The digit-to-weight preference index was greater among children aged between 24 and 59 months in SISVAN. The frequency of BIV for HAZ (SISVAN 2.56%; VIVALEITE 0.98%) was higher than for WAZ (SISVAN 2.10%; VIVALEITE 0.18%). For HAZ, variations among municipalities were more pronounced in VIVALEITE than in SISVAN. The height variable presents low reliability in both systems. The weight variable reveals satisfactory quality in VIVALEITE and unsatisfactory quality in SISVAN.

Qualidade e acesso à água para consumo humano: um olhar sobre o estado do Amazonas, Brasil / Quality and access to water for human consumption: a look at the state of Amazonas, Brazil

Resumo Analisaram-se indicadores de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano no Amazonas, de 2016 a 2020, utilizando 185.528 amostras provenientes de 11 microrregiões. Das amostras analisadas, 93,20% são da área urbana, 66,65% provinham do sistema público (SAA), 31,02% da Solução Alternativa Coletiva (SAC) e 2,33% da Solução de Alternativa Individual (SAI). Observou-se aumento do número de registros pelo SAA, com tendência de queda e oscilações de registros para a SAC e a SAI. Os indicadores de qualidade dos parâmetros químicos e físicos da área urbana foram superiores aos das áreas rurais e de comunidades tradicionais. A maior parte das amostras apresentou valores de pH abaixo do recomendado. Na quantificação dos parâmetros microbiológicos, identificou-se maior presença de coliformes totais e E.coli na área rural e em comunidades tradicionais. Em conclusão, verificaram-se inadequações nos parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos, assim como problemas relativos ao abastecimento, armazenamento e à vigilância da água distribuída para consumo humano. Tais achados indicam a necessidade de construir uma agenda, pela gestão pública, para o enfrentamento da insegurança hídrica e seus prováveis efeitos sobre a insegurança alimentar existente na região.

Abstract Surveillance indicators of the quality of water for human consumption in the Amazon were analysed from 2016 to 2020 using 185,528 samples from 11 microregions. Of the samples analysed, 93.20% were from urban areas, 66.65% were from the public water supply system (WSS), 31.02% were from the Collective Alternative Solution-CAS, and 2.33% from the Individual Alternative Solution-IAS. There was an increase in the number of records by the WSS, with a downwards trend and fluctuations in records for the CAS and the IAS. The quality indicators of chemical and physical parameters for urban areas were higher than those for rural areas and traditional communities. Most of the samples presented pH values below the recommended level. In the quantification of microbiological parameters, a higher presence of total coliforms and E. coli was identified in samples from rural areas and in traditional communities. In conclusion, there were inadequacies in the chemical, physical and microbiological parameters as well as problems related to the supply, storage and surveillance of water distributed for human consumption. These findings indicate the need to build an agenda for public management to address water insecurity and its likely effects on food insecurity in the region.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Brazil: an epidemiological study on the distribution of equipment and frequency of examinations, with comparisons between the public and private sectors.

Objective: To compare information on highly complex radiological procedures-computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-between the public and private health care systems, across the five regions of Brazil, in terms of the numbers of radiological devices and examinations performed, between 2015 and 2021. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive time series analysis of secondary data in the public domain, available from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System, an entity of the Brazilian National Ministry of Health (NMH) that is responsible for collecting and storing health-related information in Brazil. The analysis included the numbers of CT and MRI scanners; the volumes and types of examinations; the type of institution (public or private); the regions of the country; and the years (2015 to 2021). Results: Progressive increases in the numbers of CT and MRI devices, as well as in the volumes of examinations, were observed over the years in all regions of the country. The private sector showed higher rates of equipment acquisition and of growth in the number of examinations. However, the public health care system did not reach the equipment targets set by the NMH, whereas the private health care system surpassed those targets. A greater number of examinations were performed in the private sector than in the public sector. Conclusion: During the period evaluated, the public health care system did not meet the equipment or examination targets recommended by the NMH, in any of the regions of the country, unlike the private health care system, which exceeded both in all of the regions.

Objetivo: Comparar informações sobre procedimentos radiológicos de alta complexidade ­ tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM) ­, considerando o número de aparelhos e o quantitativo de exames nas esferas pública e privada nas cinco regiões brasileiras entre 2015 e 2021. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de série temporal que utilizou dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, órgão do Ministério da Saúde (MS) responsável pela coleta e armazenamento das informações relacionadas à saúde no Brasil. Analisamos os números de aparelhos e de exames de TC e RM, considerando os tipos de aparelhos e exames, instituição (pública ou privada), região brasileira e ano (2015 a 2021). Resultados: Houve aumento de aparelhos e exames de TC e RM em todas as regiões ao longo dos anos. A esfera privada apresentou maior aquisição desses aparelhos e crescimento no número de exames. O sistema público não atingiu o número de aparelhos preconizado pelo MS, enquanto o sistema privado superou a recomendação. Observou-se maior número de exames na esfera privada quando comparada à pública. Conclusão: O sistema público não atendeu aos números de aparelhos e exames realizados preconizados pelo MS, diferentemente da esfera privada, em todas as regiões no período estudado.

Clinical, epidemiological characteristics and mortality of pregnant and postpartum women associated with COVID-19 in Brazil: cohort study.

Objective: To analyze the death of Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women due to COVID-19 or unspecific cause. Methods: This is retrospective, descriptive-exploratory, population-based study carried out with the Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) database, with pregnant and postpartum women of reproductive age who died from confirmed COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021. The chosen variables were: age, gestational period, type and number of comorbidities, skin color, using the statistical software R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform, version 4.0.3 and Statistical Package for Social Science, version 29.0 for analysis. Results: A total of 19,333 cases of pregnant and postpartum women aged between 10 and 55 years diagnosed with SARS were identified, whether due to confirmed COVID-19 or unspecific causes. Of these, 1,279 died, these cases were classified into two groups according to the cause of death: deaths from COVID-19 (n= 1,026) and deaths from SARS of unspecific cause (n= 253). Conclusion: The risk of death increased among black and brown women, in the postpartum period and with the presence of comorbidities, mainly diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. The data presented here draw attention to the number of deaths from SARS, especially among sociodemographic profiles, precarious access to health, such as the black population. In addition, limitations in adequate access to health care are reinforced by even lower rates of ICU admissions among women who died from SARS of an unspecified cause.

Hidden leprosy in a low-endemic area in southern Brazil: changes in endemicity following an active search.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy, a neglected tropical disease, is reported in over 120 countries, with upwards of 200,000 new cases annually. This Cross-Sectional Cohort Study aimed to delineate the epidemiological profile of leprosy in a low-endemic area in southern Brazil, both before and after implementing an active search strategy. METHODS: The study examined two surveillance periods in Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The active search strategy was carried out through the application of the LSQ by the community health workers as a screening and detection tool for new cases of leprosy and this was compared with passive case detection. The first spanned from 2014 to 2020, and the second from January 2021 to August 2023. FINDINGS: 48 leprosy cases were reported throughout the study, 83.3 % of which were diagnosed as multibacillary. The first period had an average detection rate of 0.38 cases per 10,000 inhabitants, increasing to 1.19 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in the second period. Notably, there was a substantial shift in the degree of physical disability (GD), with more Grade 0 and Grade 1 disabilities observed post-active search. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the efficacy of active search strategies in early diagnosis, highlighting a 300 % increase in the annual average of diagnosed cases. This large number of detected cases demonstrates the high sensitivity of the LSQ. This approach significantly aids in uncovering hidden cases of leprosy, enhancing disease management and control in low-endemic areas indicating that the Ministry of Health should intensify leprosy control activities in these regions.

Analysis of leprosy cases in the state of Pará between 2001 and 2020 / Análise dos casos de hanseníase no estado do Pará entre 2001 e 2020 / Análisis de los casos de lepra en el estado de Pará entre 2001 y 2020

Background and Objectives: leprosy is a mycobacteriosis known for centuries and prevalent to this day and, despite the reduction in the number of cases, it still affects many Brazilians. To this end, this study aimed to assess the clinical forms of leprosy in the state of Pará between 2001 and 2020. Methods: an ecological study was carried out using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of patients with leprosy according to three classifications, such as notified clinical form, notified operational classification and notified degree of disability, collected between 2001 and 2020. Results: the milder forms of leprosy showed a greater decrease than the more severe form, combined with a greater drop in cases in the paucibacillary class compared to the multibacillary classification. Furthermore, grade zero disability showed a large reduction in cases, in contrast to grades one and two, which remained stationary. Conclusion: despite the evident decrease in leprosy in the state, the most serious forms of the disease, which are related to higher levels of disability and transmission, showed little reduction.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: a hanseníase é uma micobacteriose conhecida há séculos e prevalente até os dias atuais e, apesar da diminuição dos números de casos, ainda atinge diversos brasileiros. Para tanto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as formas clínicas da hanseníase no estado do Pará entre 2001 e 2020. Métodos: foi realizado estudo ecológico a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de pacientes com hanseníase de acordo com três classificações, como forma clínica notificada, classificação operacional notificada, e grau de incapacidade notificado, coletados entre os anos de 2001 e 2020. Resultados: as formas mais brandas da hanseníase tiveram um decrescimento maior do que a forma mais grave, aliado a uma maior queda dos casos da classe paucibacilar em comparação com a classificação multibacilar. Além disso, o grau zero de incapacidade apresentou grande redução dos casos, em contraste aos graus um e dois, que se mantiveram estacionários. Conclusão: apesar do decréscimo evidente da hanseníase no estado, as formas mais graves da doença, que estão relacionadas a maiores níveis de incapacidade e transmissão, apresentaram pouca redução. (AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: la lepra es una micobacteriosis conocida desde hace siglos y prevalente hasta el día de hoy y, a pesar de la reducción del número de casos, todavía afecta a muchos brasileños. Para ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las formas clínicas de lepra en el estado de Pará entre 2001 y 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio ecológico utilizando datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN) de pacientes con lepra según tres clasificaciones, tales como forma clínica notificada, clasificación operativa notificada y grado de invalidez notificado, recopiladas entre 2001 y 2020. Resultados: las formas más leves de lepra tuvieron una disminución mayor que la forma más grave, combinado con una mayor caída de casos en la clase paucibacilar, en comparación con la clasificación multibacilar. Además, la discapacidad de grado cero mostró una gran reducción de casos, en contraste con los grados uno y dos, que se mantuvieron estacionarios. Conclusiones: a pesar de la evidente disminución de la lepra en el estado, las formas más graves de la enfermedad, que se relacionan con mayores niveles de discapacidad y transmisión, mostraron poca reducción.(AU)

A decade of analysis describe of maternal and neonatal characteristics of live births in southern Brazil / Una década de descripción de las características maternas y neonatales de los nacidos vivos en el sur de Brasil

Introduction: Child health is conditioned by the circumstances of pregnancy, childbirth, and early life. Objective: To describe the maternal and neonatal characteristics of live births (LBs) in the Information System on Live Births of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study describedthe maternal and neonatal characteristics of 940,059 LBs, from 2010 to 2019. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were conducted, with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean values of maternal age, number of live children, and number of fetal deaths as well as abortions were 27.1 years, 0.9, and 0.2, respectively. The averages of the number of gestation weeks, number of prenatal consultations, the start date of the prenatal care, and birth weight were 38.5 weeks, 8.1 months, 2.5 monthsand 3,217.1 grams, respectively. Low birth weight (LBW) was prevalent among mothers without education (p < 0.001), including those without prenatal visits (p < 0.001). A higher prevalence of being underweight was observed among female neonates (p < 0.001) and with a maternal age of ≥ 40 years (10.8%; p < 0.001) compared to newborns with good vitality. Newborns with good vitality had a low prevalence of underweight (p < 0.001). The frequency of the variables studied increased, comparing the beginning and end of the period and whether the differences are statistically significant. Conclusions: The study draws attention to the need for interventions to improve the indicators that determine LBW(AU)

Introducción: La salud infantil está condicionada por las circunstancias del embarazo, parto y primeras etapas de la vida. Objetivo: Describir las características maternas y neonatales de los nacidos vivos en el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal describiendo las características maternas y neonatales de 940.059 nacidos vivos entre 2010 y 2019. Se realizó la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher y se estableció p < 0,05. Resultados: Los valores medios para la edad materna, el número de nacidos vivos y el número de mortinatos y abortos espontáneos fueron 27,1, 0,9 y 0,2, respectivamente. Las medias del número de semanas de gestación, el número de visitas prenatales, la fecha de inicio de la atención prenatal y el peso al nacer fueron 38,5 semanas (DE 2,2), 8,1 meses, 2,5 meses y 3 217,1 gramos, respectivamente. El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) fue prevalente entre las madres sin estudios (p < 0,001), incluidas las que no acudieron a una cita prenatal (p < 0,001). Hubo una mayor prevalencia de BPN en neonatos de sexo femenino (p < 0,001) con madres de edad ≥ 40 años (10,8%; p < 0,001). Los neonatos con buena vitalidad tuvieron una baja prevalencia de BPN (p < 0,001). La frecuencia de las variables estudiadas aumentó al comparar el inicio y el final del período y si las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: El estudio llama la atención sobre la necesidad de intervenciones para mejorar los indicadores que determinan el BPN(AU)

Congenital anomalies in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil: macroregional and temporal birth prevalence for the period 2011-2020.

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are an important cause of infant mortality and efficient surveillance is necessary for their prevention. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish baselines of prevalence at birth of priority CAs for surveillance in the state of Santa Catarina, using data from the Live Birth Information System considering the period 2011-2019 (baseline) and 2020 (pandemic year). The analyses were carried out based on the mother's residence health macroregion. The CAs were selected following the ICD-10 coding for chapter XVII. Birth prevalence was calculated per 10,000 live births and the confidence interval was established at 95%. 2011-2019 recorded 88.8/10,000 births with CAs (total). For 2011-2019, limb defects (without polydactyly) were the most prevalent (14.1/10,000), followed by congenital heart defects (8.9), oral clefts (8.2), polydactyly (7.9), Down syndrome (5.6), hypospadias (5.4), neural tube defects (4.7), gastroschisis (3.3), undefined sex (1.2), microcephaly (0.8) and omphalocele (0.3). There were no significant differences in temporal and spatial distribution. However, unusual fluctuations were observed in 2020, which may reflect the pandemic in CAs notifications. In the base period, Santa Catarina recorded CAs below the expected level of being identified at birth. With this, we conclude that the training and awareness of teams are essential for the surveillance of CAs in Santa Catarina.

Prevalência de fissuras labiopalatais no Brasil e sua notificação no sistema de informação / Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Brazil and its notification in the information system

Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a deformidade congênita mais comum, com uma incidência de 1,53/1000 nascidos vivos e o tratamento predominantemente realizado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em 1999, o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) implantou a lacuna para preenchimento referente a deformidade congênita. Trabalhos vêm demostrando a subnotificação importante da fissura no SINASC. Método: Foi levantado o número de crianças nascidas por ano no Brasil entre 2012 e 2018 nas respectivas regiões, projetando o número de fissurados nascidos por ano usando a proporção 1,53/1000 nascidos vivos. A partir destes dados, observado o número de fissurados notificados no sistema SUS e comparado com a projeção feita observando uma estimativa de notificação por região. Verificada também a evolução dos gastos governamentais por região com cirurgia de fissura labiopalatina no período de 2012 a 2018. Resultados: Houve uma notificação de 54,1% a 36,7% das crianças nascidas com fissura, sendo a Região Sudeste com melhor índice e o Nordeste com o índice mais baixo de notificação. Os gastos federais em cirurgia de fissura labiopalatina diminuíram entre 2012 e 2018, frente ao número de nascimentos com fissuras, que se manteve estável neste período. Conclusão: Apesar do SINASC ser uma ferramenta importante, as subnotificações expressivas desta afecção impactam nas políticas públicas, pois utilizam dados inconsistentes com a realidade. Outra preocupação é a diminuição dos gastos federais com cirurgias de fissurados, o que demostra que mais crianças estão deixando de receber tratamento adequado.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital deformity, with an incidence of 1.53/1000 live births, and treatment is predominantly carried out in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS). In 1999, the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos SINASC) implemented the gap to be filled in regarding congenital deformities. Studies have demonstrated the significant underreporting of the fissure in SINASC. Method: The number of children born per year in Brazil between 2012 and 2018 was surveyed in the respective regions, projecting the number of cleft children born per year using the proportion 1.53/1000 live births. From these data, the number of cleft patients notified in the SUS system was observed and compared with the projection made by observing an estimate of notification by region. The evolution of government spending by region on cleft lip and palate surgery in the period from 2012 to 2018 was also verified. Results: There was a notification of 54.1% to 36.7% of children born with cleft, with the Southeast Region having the best rate and the Northeast with the lowest notification rate. Federal spending on cleft lip and palate surgery decreased between 2012 and 2018, compared to the number of births with clefts, which remained stable during this period. Conclusion: Although SINASC is an important tool, the significant underreporting of this condition impacts public policies, as it uses data inconsistent with reality. Another concern is the decrease in federal spending on cleft surgery, which shows that more children are failing to receive adequate treatment.

Towards malaria elimination: a reflection about digital notification modules to improve malaria cases notification speed and follow-up in the Brazilian Amazon region.

BACKGROUND: Health information systems (HIS) are a pivotal element in epidemiological surveillance. In Brazil, malaria persists as a public health challenge, with 99% of its occurrences concentrated in the Amazon region, where cases are reported through the HIS Sivep-Malaria. Recent technological advancements indicate that case notifications can be expedited through more efficient systems with broader coverage. The objective of this study is to analyse opportunities for notification within Sivep-Malaria and explore the implementation of mobile electronic devices and applications to enhance the performance of malaria case notifications and use. METHODS: This descriptive study analyses data on malaria-positive cases in the Brazilian Amazon from 2004 to 2022. Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (Sivep-Malaria) data were used. The Brazilian Amazon region area is approximately 5 million km2 across nine different states in Brazil. Data entry opportunities were assessed by considering the time difference between the 'date of data entry' and the 'date of notification.' Descriptive statistics, including analyses of means and medians, were conducted across the entire Amazon region, and for indigenous population villages and gold mining areas. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2022, 6,176,878 new malaria cases were recorded in Brazil. The average data entry opportunity throughout the period was 17.9 days, with a median of 8 days. The most frequently occurring value was 1 day, and 99% of all notifications were entered within 138 days, with 75.0% entered within 20 days after notification. The states with the poorest data entry opportunities were Roraima and Tocantins, with averages of 31.3 and 31.0 days, respectively. For indigenous population villages and gold mining areas, the median data entry opportunities were 23 and 15 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In malaria elimination, where surveillance is a primary strategy for evaluating each reported case, reducing notification time, enhancing data quality and being able to follow-up cases through computerized reports offer significant benefits for cases investigation. Technological improvements in Sivep-Malaria could yield substantial benefits for malaria control in Brazil, aiding the country in achieving disease elimination and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.

Análise e investigação clínica e epidemiológica da mortalidade materna por COVID-19 no Brasil entre 2020 e 2023: estudo transversal / Analysis and clinical and epidemiological investigation of maternal mortality due to COVID-19 in Brazil between 2020 and 2023: crosssectional study / Análisis y investigación clínico y epidemiológico de la mortalidad materna por COVID-19 en Brasil entre 2020 y 2023: estudio transversal

INTRODUÇÃO: As tendências e fatores associados à mortalidade materna por COVID-19 em mulheres, em nível nacional e internacional, destaca a disparidade racial nos desfechos da doença. OBJETIVO: Investigar mortalidade de mulheres brasileiras em idade reprodutiva entre 10-49 anos através do Observatório Obstétrico Brasileiro (OOBr) no período de 2020 a 2023. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal do tipo de base populacional realizado entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro de 2023 no Brasil com mulheres em idade reprodutiva, incluídos dados demográficos como: idade, cor da pele, região geopolítica, sinais e sintomas, presença ou ausência de comorbidade, hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, cura e óbito por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: O ano de 2021 registrou o maior número de casos, indicando um possível pico na disseminação da doença, especialmente entre mulheres negras. A faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos apresentou a maior quantidade de casos, e a região Sul e Noroeste registraram as maiores quantidades de óbitos. A análise apontou para a obesidade como um fator de risco significativo para complicações graves da COVID-19 em gestantes e puérperas. A necessidade de hospitalização em UTI e suporte ventilatório aumentou ao longo dos anos, com taxas mais altas em 2021. DISCUSSÃO: As classificações inadequadas de óbito podem afetar os resultados. A análise é restrita às informações disponíveis no OOBr, e outras variáveis relevantes podem não estar presentes nos registros. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo destaca a complexidade das interações entre a COVID-19 e diferentes grupos populacionais, destacando a necessidade de intervenções, políticas de saúde pública e abordagem multidisciplinar para garantir melhores resultados de saúde para população obstétrica.

INTRODUCTION: The trends and factors associated with maternal mortality from COVID-19 in women nationally and internationally highlight the racial disparity in the outcomes of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mortality of Brazilian women of reproductive age between 10- 49 years through the Brazilian Obstetric Observatory (OOBr) from 2020 to 2023. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out between January 2020 and December 2023 in Brazil with women of reproductive age, including demographic data such as: age, skin color, geopolitical region,; signs and symptoms, presence or absence of comorbidity, hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, cure and death from COVID-19. RESULTS: The year 2021 recorded the highest number of cases, indicating a possible peak in the spread of the disease, especially among black women. The 20-34 age group had the highest number of cases, and the South and Northwest regions had the highest number of deaths. The analysis pointed to obesity as a significant risk factor for serious complications from COVID-19 in pregnant and puerperal women. The need for ICU hospitalization and ventilatory support increased over the years, with higher rates in 2021. DISCUSSION: Inadequate death classifications can affect the results. The analysis is restricted to the information available on OOBr, and other relevant variables may not be present in the records. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the complexity of the interactions between COVID-19 and different population groups, highlighting the need for interventions, public health policies and a multidisciplinary approach to ensure better health outcomes for the obstetric population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las tendencias y factores asociados a la mortalidad materna por COVID-19 en mujeres a nivel nacional e internacional destacan la disparidad racial en los resultados de la enfermedad. OBJETIVO: Investigar la mortalidad entre las mujeres brasileñas en edad reproductiva entre 10-49 años a través del Observatorio Obstétrico Brasileño (OOBr) de 2020 a 2023. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2023 en Brasil con mujeres en edad reproductiva, incluyendo datos demográficos como: edad, color de piel, región geopolítica, signos y síntomas, presencia o ausencia de comorbilidad, hospitalización en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, curación y muerte por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: El año 2021 registró el mayor número de casos, lo que indica un posible pico en la propagación de la enfermedad, especialmente entre las mujeres negras. El grupo de edad de 20 a 34 años presentó el mayor número de casos, y las regiones Sur y Noroeste registraron el mayor número de muertes. El análisis señaló la obesidad como factor de riesgo significativo de complicaciones graves por COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas y puérperas. La necesidad de hospitalización en UCI y de asistencia ventilatoria ha aumentado con los años, con tasas más elevadas en 2021. DISCUSIÓN: Las clasificaciones inadecuadas de las defunciones pueden afectar a los resultados. El análisis está restringido a la información disponible sobre OOBr, y otras variables relevantes pueden no estar presentes en los registros. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio pone de relieve la complejidad de las interacciones entre el COVID-19 y los diferentes grupos de población, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de intervenciones, políticas de salud pública y un enfoque multidisciplinario para garantizar mejores resultados de salud para la población obstétrica.

Pap Smear Cancer Coverage in Brazilian Capitals including the Pandemic Period Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Ecological Study.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer develops slowly and may not manifest signs and symptoms at an early stage. It is worth mentioning the factors that can influence the onset of cervical cancer: smoking, early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, use of oral contraceptives, multiparity, low socioeconomic status, among others. An important risk factor for the onset of this disease is HPV infection, a virus associated with most cases of precursor lesions of this type of cancer. It is essential to understand the comprehensiveness of the scope and adherence to the recommended guidelines throughout the national territory. Therefore, health indicators are important management tools that make it possible to evaluate the services offered, measuring the reach of the target population, the supply and access to preventive exams. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of progress in cervical cancer coverage actions in Brazilian capitals from 2016 to 2021. METHOD: This is an ecological study with temporal analysis that used secondary data referring to process indicators for cervical cancer control actions in women aged between 25 and 64 years living in Brazilian capitals between 2016 and 2021. Aspects related to the quality of care in the cervical cancer prevention program were evaluated using databases of the Cancer Information System (SISCAN), available in DATASUS. The indicators used to monitor and evaluate cervical cancer control actions were (i) cervical coverage, (ii) reason for cervical surgery, and (iii) proportion of cervical cancer every 3 years. RESULTS: In 2016, 410,000 tests were performed and notified in the SISCAN system in all Brazilian capitals, with emphasis on Curitiba, with 65,715 tests performed, and Porto Velho, with 174. In 2020, there was a reduction in exams compared to the previous year in all capitals, with the exception of Palmas, which went from 7655 exams to 9604. It was observed that all the capitals studied showed an increase in the annual percentage variation of Pap smear coverage, with the exception of Brasília, Manaus, Porto Alegre and Porto Velho, which did not show a statistically significant increase (APC = 3.01, 2.746, 3.987, 3.69, respectively). When analyzing the performance of oncotic cytology exams in the capitals according to the years 2019 and 2020, it was observed that only Manaus registered an increase in the number of procedures performed, reaching a difference of 56.5% from one year to the next. CONCLUSION: The ecological analysis revealed a worrying drop in the number of tests performed in 2020, reflecting a sharp drop in coverage actions in Brazilian capitals during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and highlighted the need for adaptive strategies to maintain essential screening services in times of crisis.

Challenges in surveillance of all cancer cases: The Chilean National Cancer Registry. / Desafíos en la vigilancia de todos los casos de cáncer en Chile: Registro Nacional de Cáncer.

Cancer causes millions of deaths worldwide, making its registration essential. There are clinical, hospital, and population-based registries in place. The latter is the gold standard for information on cancer incidence and survival in a defined region. Chile has five population-based registries located in specific areas of the country. The Chilean National Cancer Registry emerged with the challenge of creating a tool encompassing all three types of registries to identify the number of cancer cases by type. Its design involved a series of actions to achieve consensus among various actors regarding information, validation, and events to be registered. Four stages were identified in the care and registration process: suspected diagnosis, morphological confirmation (biopsy), clinical resolution (oncology committee, including treatment recommendations), treatment, and oncological follow-up. The platform's development (from 2018 to 2021) involved gathering information and agreements on the requirements for co-designing the registry, including a successful pilot program with over 20 public and private healthcare facilities that recorded nearly 7500 cancer cases. The deployment and use of the National Cancer Registry at a national level depends on the healthcare authority. It is an information system that continuously and systematically collects, stores, processes, and analyzes data on all cancer cases and types occurring in the country. This work presents the design and development of the tool, the challenges addressed, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.

El cáncer causa millones de muertes a nivel mundial por lo que su registro es fundamental, existiendo registros clínicos, hospitalarios y poblacionales. Estos últimos son el estándar de oro para la información sobre incidencia y supervivencia de cáncer en una región definida. En Chile se cuenta con cinco registros poblacionales ubicados en ciertas zonas del país. El Registro Nacional del Cáncer chileno surge como un desafío para conformar una herramienta transversal a los tres tipos de registro con la finalidad de, al menos, conocer la cantidad de casos por tipo de cáncer. Su diseño implicó un despliegue de acciones orientadas a lograr consensos entre diversos actores respecto de la información, validación y eventos necesarios de registrar. Se identificaron cuatro etapas en el proceso de atención y el registro: sospecha de diagnóstico, confirmación morfológica (biopsia), resolución clínica (comité oncológico incluyendo la indicación de tratamiento), tratamiento y seguimiento oncológico. A su vez, el desarrollo de la plataforma (años 2018 a 2021) implicó levantamiento de información y acuerdos sobre los requerimientos para el co-diseño del registro, incluyendo un exitoso pilotaje con más de 20 establecimientos de salud del sector público y privado con registro de cerca de 7500 casos de cáncer. El despliegue y uso del Registro Nacional de Cáncer a nivel nacional depende de la autoridad sanitaria. Se trata de un sistema de información que recolecta, almacena, procesa y analiza de forma continua y sistemática datos sobre todos los casos y tipos de cánceres que ocurren en el país. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y desarrollo de la herramienta, los desafíos abordados, sus fortalezas y debilidades.

Desafíos en la vigilancia de todos los casos de cáncer en Chile: Registro Nacional de Cáncer / Challenges in surveillance of all cancer cases: The Chilean National Cancer Registry

El cáncer causa millones de muertes a nivel mundial por lo que su registro es fundamental, existiendo registros clínicos, hospitalarios y poblacionales. Estos últimos son el estándar de oro para la información sobre incidencia y supervivencia de cáncer en una región definida. En Chile se cuenta con cinco registros poblacionales ubicados en ciertas zonas del país. El Registro Nacional del Cáncer chileno surge como un desafío para conformar una herramienta transversal a los tres tipos de registro con la finalidad de, al menos, conocer la cantidad de casos por tipo de cáncer. Su diseño implicó un despliegue de acciones orientadas a lograr consensos entre diversos actores respecto de la información, validación y eventos necesarios de registrar. Se identificaron cuatro etapas en el proceso de atención y el registro: sospecha de diagnóstico, confirmación morfológica (biopsia), resolución clínica (comité oncológico incluyendo la indicación de tratamiento), tratamiento y seguimiento oncológico. A su vez, el desarrollo de la plataforma (años 2018 a 2021) implicó levantamiento de información y acuerdos sobre los requerimientos para el co-diseño del registro, incluyendo un exitoso pilotaje con más de 20 establecimientos de salud del sector público y privado con registro de cerca de 7500 casos de cáncer. El despliegue y uso del Registro Nacional de Cáncer a nivel nacional depende de la autoridad sanitaria. Se trata de un sistema de información que recolecta, almacena, procesa y analiza de forma continua y sistemática datos sobre todos los casos y tipos de cánceres que ocurren en el país. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y desarrollo de la herramienta, los desafíos abordados, sus fortalezas y debilidades.

Cancer causes millions of deaths worldwide, making its registration essential. There are clinical, hospital, and population-based registries in place. The latter is the gold standard for information on cancer incidence and survival in a defined region. Chile has five population-based registries located in specific areas of the country. The Chilean National Cancer Registry emerged with the challenge of creating a tool encompassing all three types of registries to identify the number of cancer cases by type. Its design involved a series of actions to achieve consensus among various actors regarding information, validation, and events to be registered. Four stages were identified in the care and registration process: suspected diagnosis, morphological confirmation (biopsy), clinical resolution (oncology committee, including treatment recommendations), treatment, and oncological follow-up. The platform's development (from 2018 to 2021) involved gathering information and agreements on the requirements for co-designing the registry, including a successful pilot program with over 20 public and private healthcare facilities that recorded nearly 7500 cancer cases. The deployment and use of the National Cancer Registry at a national level depends on the healthcare authority. It is an information system that continuously and systematically collects, stores, processes, and analyzes data on all cancer cases and types occurring in the country. This work presents the design and development of the tool, the challenges addressed, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de gestantes que vivem com HIV na Macrorregião Sul de Saúde de Santa Catarina / Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women living with HIV in the Southern Health Macroregion of Santa Catarina

Objetivo: Nos últimos anos, a epidemia de HIV tem incidido consideravelmente e de forma silenciosa na população de mulheres gestantes, sobretudo devido à subnotificação, ao diagnóstico tardio e à negligência quanto à realização de teste anti-HIV pelas infectadas. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de gestantes que vivem com HIV na Macrorregião Sul de Saúde de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, ana- lítico, retrospectivo, com base em dados secundários retirados das plataformas Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) e Sistema de Monitora- mento Clínico das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS (SIMC), acerca de gestantes que vivem com HIV na Macrorregião Sul de Saúde de Santa Catarina, no período entre 2019 e 2022. Resultados: A partir dos dados sociodemográficos, obteve-se um perfil epidemiológico prevalente de mulheres com idade entre 30 e 49 anos, brancas, com baixo nível de escolaridade e entre 1 a 13 semanas de gestação no momento da notificação de infecção por HIV. O perfil clínico apontou para a prevalência de mulheres em uso de terapia antirretroviral, com carga viral acima de 1.000 cópias/ mL e contagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ superior a 350 células/mm3. Conclusão: Apesar do baixo nível de escolaridade e da elevada carga viral, o resultado foi positivo para a população selecionada, uma vez que foi demonstrada boa adesão ao tra- tamento e alta contagem de linfócitos, sendo esses bons preditores de evolução clínica para o HIV.

Objective: In recent years, the HIV epidemic has significantly and silently affected the population of pregnant women, mainly due to underreporting, late diagnosis, and neglect of HIV testing among infected individuals. In light of this, the aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women living with HIV in the Southern Health Macroregion of Santa Catarina. Methods: This is an ecological, analytical, retrospective study based on secondary data retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) and the Clinical Monitoring System for People Living with HIV/ AIDS (SIMC), regarding pregnant women living with HIV in the Southern Health Macroregion of Santa Catarina from 2019 to 2022. Results: Based on sociodemographic data, a prevalent epidemiological profile was identified, with women aged 30 to 49 years, white, with low educational level, and between 1 to 13 weeks of gestation at the time of HIV infection notifica- tion. The clinical profile revealed a prevalence of women on antiretroviral therapy, with a viral load above 1,000 copies/ mL and a T-CD4+ lymphocyte count above 350 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Despite the low educational level and high viral load, the outcome was positive for the selected population, as good treatment adherence and high lymphocyte count were demonstrated, both of which are good predictors of clinical progression for HIV.

Prevalência e fatores pessoais associados à violência autoprovocada em adolescentes / Prevalence and personal factors associated with self-harm in adolescents / Prevalencia y factores personales asociados a la violencia autoinflingida en adolescentes

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e os fatores pessoais associados à violência autoprovocada em adolescentes. Método: estudo observacional analítico, do tipo transversal. A população foi composta pelas notificações de violência interpessoal ou autoprovocada em adolescentes no Brasil, oriundas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Foram incluídas as notificações ocorridas entre 2009 e 2021 no Brasil, em adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a prevalência de violência autoprovocada foi de 27,39% no Brasil. Adolescentes pretos aumentam a prevalência de violência autoprovocada em 3%, e os pardos e indígenas em 2%; mais de 8 anos de escolaridade constitui fator de proteção em relação à violência autoprovocada, reduzindo em 12% a prevalência de violência autoinfligida. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de que sejam traçadas políticas e estratégias eficazes que auxiliem no cuidado a esse público.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and personal factors associated with self-harm in adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional analytical observational study. The population consisted of notifications of interpersonal or self-harm violence in adolescents in Brazil from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Notifications between 2009 and 2021 in Brazil were included in adolescents aged 10 to 19. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The prevalence of self-harm was 27.39% in Brazil. Black adolescents increase the prevalence of self-harm violence by 3% and brown and indigenous adolescents by 2%; more than eight years of schooling is a protective factor in relation to self-harm violence, reducing the prevalence of self-inflicted violence by 12%. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for effective policies and strategies to help care for this public.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores personales asociados a la violencia autoinfligida en adolescentes. Método: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. La población estuvo constituida por notificaciones de violencia interpersonal o autoinfligida entre adolescentes de Brasil, provenientes del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades De Declaración Obligatoria. Se incluyeron las notificaciones ocurridas entre 2009 y 2021 en Brasil, en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la prevalencia de violencia autoinfligida fue del 27,39% en Brasil. Los adolescentes negros aumentan la prevalencia de la violencia autoinfligida en un 3%, y los pardos e indígenas en un 2%; más de 8 años de escolaridad constituye un factor protector en relación a la violencia autoinfligida, reduciendo en un 12% la prevalencia de la violencia autoinfligida. Conclusión: los resultados indican la necesidad de diseñar políticas y estrategias efectivas para ayudar a la atención de esta población.

Análise da clareza metodológica como dimensão de qualidade do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde / Analysis of methodological clarity as a quality dimension of the National Register of Health Establishments

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version's Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system.

Profile of hospital admissions for migraine and headache disorders in children and adolescents in Brazil between 2013 and 2023 / Perfil das internações hospitalares por distúrbios de enxaqueca e cefaleia em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil entre 2013 e 2023

INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease, with a prevalence of 15.2% in Brazil. It is defined as an abnormal neurovascular reaction that occurs in a genetically vulnerable individual. Clinically manifests itself in recurrent episodes of headache associated with other symptoms, dependent on triggering factors. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions of children and adolescents for migraine and other headache disorders. METHODS: This was a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study carried out with data extracted from the Brazilian Unified Health System's Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), indexed to the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Hospital admissions were selected based on age groups, with an emphasis on children under nine years old and adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, residing in Brazil, between July 2013 and June 2023. RESULTS: Of 93,821 hospital admissions, there were 16,149 hospitalizations (17.2%) of children and adolescents (62.5% women and 37.5% men) due to migraine and other headache disorders. There was a predominance of the age group between 15 and 19 years old (50.2%), with a higher number of cases in the Southeast region (35.9%) and of brown ethnicity (42.6%). Over 10 years, there was a progressive increase in the number of hospital admissions, reaching a peak in 2019 (1,925/16,149; 11.9%), followed by a decline in 2020 and increasing again in subsequent years. Twenty-four deaths were found (24/16,149; 0.1%), 13 men and 11 women, with a predominance in the age group of 15 to 19 years (45.8%), coming from the Northeast region (58.3 %) and of brown ethnicity (58.4%). Deaths occurred predominantly in the years 2022 and 2023 (46.6%). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increase in the number of hospital admissions of children and adolescents due to migraine and other headache disorders with a consequent increase in the number of deaths.

INTRODUÇÃO: A enxaqueca é uma doença neurológica crônica, com prevalência de 15,2% no Brasil. É definida como uma reação neurovascular anormal que ocorre em um indivíduo geneticamente vulnerável. Manifesta-se clinicamente por episódios recorrentes de cefaleia associados a outros sintomas, dependentes de fatores desencadeantes. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico das internações hospitalares de crianças e adolescentes por enxaqueca e outras cefaleias. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo e descritivo realizado com dados extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), indexados ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). As internações hospitalares foram selecionadas com base em faixas etárias, com ênfase em crianças menores de nove anos e adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos, residentes no Brasil, entre julho de 2013 e junho de 2023. RESULTADOS: De 93.821 internações hospitalares, ocorreram 16.149 internações (17,2%) de crianças e adolescentes (62,5% mulheres e 37,5% homens) por enxaqueca e outras cefaleias. Houve predomínio da faixa etária entre 15 e 19 anos (50,2%), com maior número de casos na região Sudeste (35,9%) e de etnia parda (42,6%). Ao longo de 10 anos, houve um aumento progressivo no número de internações hospitalares, atingindo um pico em 2019 (1.925/16.149; 11,9%), seguido de uma queda em 2020 e voltando a aumentar nos anos subsequentes. Foram encontrados 24 óbitos (24/16.149; 0,1%), 13 homens e 11 mulheres, com predomínio na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (45,8%), procedentes da região Nordeste (58,3%) e de cor parda. etnia (58,4%). Os óbitos ocorreram predominantemente nos anos de 2022 e 2023 (46,6%). CONCLUSÕES: Há um aumento no número de internações hospitalares de crianças e adolescentes por enxaqueca e outras cefaleias com consequente aumento no número de mortes.

Smoking, mortality, access to diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer in Brazil / Tabagismo, mortalidade, acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento de câncer de pulmão no Brasil

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Lung cancer (LC) is a relevant public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, given its high incidence and mortality. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of smoking and smoking status according to sociodemographic characteristics and disparities in access, treatment, and mortality due to LC in Brazil in 2013 and 2019. METHOD Retrospective study of triangulation of national data sources: a) analysis of the distribution of smoking, based on the National Survey of Health (PNS); b) investigation of LC records via Hospital-based Cancer Registry (HCR); and c) distribution of mortality due to LC in the Mortality Information System (SIM). RESULTS There was a decrease in the percentage of people who had never smoked from 2013 (68.5%) to 2019 (60.2%) and in smoking history (pack-years). This was observed to be greater in men, people of older age groups, and those with less education. Concerning patients registered in the HCR, entry into the healthcare service occurs at the age of 50, and only 19% have never smoked. While smokers in the population are mainly Mixed-race, patients in the HCR are primarily White. As for the initial stage (I and II), it is more common in White people and people who have never smoked. The mortality rate varied from 1.00 for people with higher education to 3.36 for people without education. Furthermore, White people have a mortality rate three times higher than that of Black and mixed-race people. CONCLUSION This article highlighted relevant sociodemographic disparities in access to LC diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. Therefore, the recommendation is to strengthen the Population-Based Cancer Registry and develop and implement a nationwide LC screening strategy in Brazil since combined prevention and early diagnosis strategies work better in controlling mortality from the disease and continued investment in tobacco prevention and control policies.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO O câncer de pulmão (CP) é um relevante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, dada sua alta incidência e mortalidade. Assim, objetiva-se analisar a distribuição do tabagismo e da carga tabágica segundo características sociodemográficas e disparidades no acesso, no tratamento e na mortalidade por CP no Brasil, em 2013 e 2019. MÉTODO Estudo retrospectivo de triangulação de fontes de dados de abrangência nacional: a) análise da distribuição do tabagismo, baseada na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS); b) investigação dos registros de CP, via Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC); e c) distribuição da mortalidade por CP, no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). RESULTADOS Verificou-se redução do percentual de pessoas que nunca fumaram de 2013 (68,5%) para 2019 (60,2%), assim como da carga tabágica (anos-maço). Esta foi observada maior em homens em pessoas de faixas etárias mais avançadas e de menor escolaridade. Em relação aos pacientes registrados no RHC, a entrada no serviço de saúde se dá a partir de 50 anos, e apenas 19% nunca fumaram. Ao passo que os fumantes na população são majoritariamente pardos, os pacientes no RHC são em maioria brancos. Quanto ao estadiamento inicial (I e II), é mais frequente em pessoas brancas e que nunca fumaram. A taxa de mortalidade apresentou variação de 1,00, para pessoas com ensino superior, a 3,36, entre pessoas sem instrução, assim como pessoas brancas têm uma taxa de mortalidade três vezes maior que a de pessoas negras e pardas. CONCLUSÃO Este artigo apontou relevantes disparidades sociodemográficas no acesso ao diagnóstico, tratamento e mortalidade do CP. Assim, recomenda-se: fortalecer o Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional; desenvolver e implementar estratégia de screening de CP no Brasil, uma vez que a realização de estratégias de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce combinadas funcionam melhor no controle da mortalidade pela doença; e investimento contínuo nas políticas de prevenção e controle do tabagismo.