An Evaluation of ¡Haz Espacio Para Papi!, a Culturally Tailored Nutrition and Physical Activity Pilot Program for Mexican-Heritage Fathers.

Fathers are potential leaders of healthy behavior changes in their families. Culturally tailored programs are needed to support behavior changes within families, including Latino families; however, there have been few father-focused nutrition programs for Latino families. This study evaluated the immediate effects of ¡Haz Espacio Para Papi! (Make Room for Daddy!; HEPP), a six-week, father-focused, family-centered program focused on nutrition and physical activity near the Texas-Mexico border. A modified stepped-wedge study design included a treatment group for the HEPP pilot and a wait-listed control group. Pre/post-tests included instant skin carotenoid scores, the self-reported dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FV), and healthy dietary behavior scores (HDBSs). A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance evaluated changes in outcomes across time and between groups for 42 fathers with pre/post-test measures. There were no statistically significant changes in fathers' VM scores and FV intake across time or between groups. Fathers' HDBSs increased across time (p ≤ 0.01, 95% CI [0.23, 1.38]). Age, educational attainment, and the number of children living in the household did not have a significant effect on the program outcomes (p > 0.05). The HEPP program may guide the design of future father-focused nutrition interventions aimed at dietary behavior changes.

Development of a Scale to Measure Healthy Behaviors in Spanish-Speaking University Students.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a public health problem that affect the quality of life and well-being of people, especially the youth, who have been identified as a high-risk population. Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for NCDs, and an unhealthy diet is a significant driver of NCDs. On the other hand, physical exercise and healthy habits are effective methods of prevention. Although there are scales that measure different behaviors related to NCDs, most of them have been developed in another language (e.g., English) or only focus on one aspect of NCDs. The present study aimed to develop a scale to assess healthy behaviors (i.e., healthy eating and physical exercise) in Spanish-speaking university students, using an instrumental design, with a sample of 369 Chilean university students between 18 and 25 years of age. The results presented show evidence of validity through an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM), reliability estimation through McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha, evidence of invariance by sex, and evidence of validity in relation to other variables with an SEM model. It is concluded that the Healthy Behavior Scale, consisting of nine items to measure healthy eating and physical exercise, is a brief instrument with evidence of reliability and validity (CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.995; and RMSEA = 0.063) for application in a Spanish-speaking university population, offering potential applications in research instruments, screening studies, and the development of new studies for other contexts.

Factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behavior among individuals with diabetes: a population-based study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The non-adoption of behavioral changes to control diabetes mellitus contributes to a low adherence to self-care. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors among diabetic individuals. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde) carried out in 2013 in Brazil, with adults (≥18 years) (n = 3098). The outcome variable was the non-adoption-two or fewer-of healthy behaviors. Logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors. RESULTS: Approximately, 50% of the participants adopted two or fewer healthy habits and the most frequently mentioned were not drinking excessively (94.1%) and not smoking (89.1%). Not using diabetic medication (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.85), not making regular doctor visits (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.08-1.87), no limitation of usual activities (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01-1.94) and good self-rated health (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.09-1.98) increased the chance of individuals non-adoption of healthy behaviors independently of gender, age, schooling and economic status. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals need to be aware of issues, such as diabetic medication use, frequency of doctor visits, limitation of usual activities and good self-rated health, which are factors that can interfere with the adoption of healthy behaviors of diabetic patients.

Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Workers of a Referral Cancer Center in Mexico City: A Pilot Study on Early Detection Awareness for Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Prevention strategies for cancer are necessary. Health workers who often serve as role models bear responsibility for prevention counseling and programs. However, whether their habits and behaviors reflect prevention goals are unknown. We describe the prevalence of cancer risk factors and prevention behaviors in health workers of a referral cancer center in Mexico City. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which workers of the National Cancer Institute were invited to participate in a prevention program, risk factor survey, and nutrition, psychological, and genetic counseling were included. The likelihood of cancer was calculated based on the presence of risk factors. Factors associated with prevention behaviors were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: We recruited 301 workers; 77% were women. The median self-reported BMI was 26.4 kg/m2, 9.97% smoked, 78% drank alcohol, and 89% did not get at least 150 min/week of physical activity. In women, age (OR = 1.3 95%CI 1.01-1.06) and physical activity of 150 min/week (OR = 2.52 95% CI 1.28-4.96) were associated with cancer prevention behaviors. No risk factors were associated with healthy behaviors among men. CONCLUSION: Health workers may have unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, is essential to create supportive environments to promote cancer prevention counseling and programs effectively.

Estrategia comunitaria para desarrollar estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, las personas mayores de 60 años constituyen 21,3 % de la población. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la estrategia para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental a través de una intervención comunitaria en el Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Comunidad de Barbosa, Municipio Playa, en el período comprendido de abril de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Se escogió como universo la totalidad de los adultos mayores de 60 años del Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Reparto Barbosa, Municipio Playa, La Habana y la población estuvo constituida por 66 adultos mayores para la fase diagnóstica y para la fase de implementación de la estrategia, donde se realizó una valoración del cambio, disminuyó la misma a 58 adultos mayores ya que salieron del estudio por fallecimiento o cambio de domicilio 8 personas mayores. Se analizó el cambio después de aplicada la estrategia en las variables: autocuidado, movilidad, uso de medicamentos, sueño, estado emocional, relaciones sociales, práctica de ejercicio físico y calidad de vida. Resultados: En todas se evidencia progresión hacia la mejoría. El análisis posterior arroja la modificación al área de positividad de los estilos de vida después de aplicada la estrategia. Conclusiones: Se observó un predominio de las categorías positivas. Disminuyeron las categorías negativas y aumentaron significativamente las buenas. Los factores asociados al estilo de vida fueron el autocuidado, ingestión de medicamentos, sueño, relaciones interpersonales y ejercicio físico. La aplicación de la Estrategia de promoción comunitaria fue efectiva para mejorar los estilos de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, people over 60 years old constitute 21,3 % of the population. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a strategy for promotion of healthy lifestyles in older adults. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental study was performed through community intervention in the Popular Council No. 2 Siboney, Barbosa Community, Playa Municipality during the period between April 2015 and December 2016. The universe consisted of all adults over 60 years old from the aforementioned Popular Council. The study population was composed of 66 older adults who were chosen for the diagnostic phase and the strategy implementation phase, where a valuation of the change was carried out and it was reduced to 58 older adults due to deaths or changes of residence of eight of them. After the implementation of the strategy, the change was analyzed in the following variables: self-care, mobility, medication intake, sleep, emotional state, social relationships, physical exercise, and quality of life. Results: Progression to improvement is evidenced in all cases. A further analysis shows a change in the positivity of lifestyles after the implementation of the strategy. Conclusions: A predominance of positive categories was observed; negative categories diminished and the good ones increased significantly. The factors related to lifestyle included: self-care, medication intake, sleep, interpersonal relationships, and physical exercise. The implementation of a community promotion strategy was effective for the improvement of lifestyles.

Adolescents' healthy sports behavior model based on the theory of social-ecological system / Modelo de comportamento esportivo saudável de adolescentes baseado na teoria do sistema socioecológico / Modelo de comportamiento deportivo saludable de adolescentes basado en la teoría del sistema socioecológico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Education administrative departments and schools should regard sports as an integral part of school education and allow students to use sports every day. Guarantee the time for sports activities; schools should organize various forms of extracurricular sports activities". Objective: Based on the ecological system theory, the paper constructs a three-factor structural model that restricts youth sports participation and compiles a scale of factors restricting youth sports participation. Methods: The thesis selected 1,800 primary and secondary school students as the research object and used exploratory factor analysis to explore the questionnaire structure on the obstacles to sports participation. Results: 1) Exploratory factor analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three factors extracted was 58.90%, and the load of each factor was more significant than 0.4. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors in order; 2) Reselected subjects, Exploring the three-factor structural model of obstacles to sports participation were verified. The final modified model RMSEA was 0.071, CFI was 0.98, and χ2/df was 8.55. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors. Conclusions: The fit of the three-factor structural indicators restricting youth sports participation is ideal, and the model is relatively stable. The "Questionnaire on Restricting Factors of Youth Sports Participation" can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate and understand youth sports participation constraints. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Departamentos administrativos de educação e escolas devem considerar os esportes como parte integrante da educação escolar e permitir que os alunos pratiquem esportes todos os dias. Garantia de tempo para atividades esportivas; as escolas devem organizar várias formas de atividades esportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Com base na teoria do sistema ecológico, o artigo constrói um modelo estrutural de três fatores que restringe a participação em esportes de jovens e compila uma escala de fatores que restringem a participação em esportes de jovens. Métodos: a tese selecionou 1.800 alunos do ensino fundamental e médio como objeto de pesquisa e utilizou uma análise fatorial exploratória para explorar a estrutura do questionário sobre obstáculos à participação esportiva. Resultados: 1) Análise fatorial exploratória, a taxa de contribuição cumulativa dos três primeiros fatores extraídos foi de 58,90% e a carga de cada fator foi mais significativa do que 0,4. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais em ordem; 2) Foram verificados os temas reelecionados, explorando o modelo estrutural de três fatores de obstáculos à participação esportiva. O modelo RMSEA modificado final foi 0,071, CFI foi 0,98 e χ2 / df foi 8,55. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais. Conclusões: O ajuste dos indicadores estruturais de três fatores que restringem a participação dos jovens em esportes é ideal e o modelo é relativamente estável. O "Questionário sobre Fatores Restritivos da Participação em Esportes de Jovens" pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de medição para avaliar e compreender as limitações da participação em esportes de jovens. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los departamentos administrativos de educación y las escuelas deben considerar los deportes como una parte integral de la educación escolar y permitir que los estudiantes utilicen los deportes todos los días. Garantizar el tiempo para actividades deportivas; las escuelas deberían organizar diversas formas de actividades deportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Basado en la teoría del sistema ecológico, el artículo construye un modelo estructural de tres factores que restringe la participación deportiva juvenil y compila una escala de factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil. Métodos: La tesis seleccionó a 1.800 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria como objeto de investigación y utilizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para explorar la estructura del cuestionario sobre los obstáculos a la participación deportiva. Resultados: 1) Análisis factorial exploratorio, la tasa de contribución acumulada de los tres primeros factores extraídos fue de 58,90% y la carga de cada factor fue más significativa que 0,4. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales en orden; 2) Se verificaron sujetos reselegidos, Explorando el modelo estructural de tres factores de obstáculos a la participación deportiva. El modelo final modificado RMSEA fue 0.071, CFI fue 0.98 y χ2 / df fue 8.55. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales. Conclusiones: El ajuste de los indicadores estructurales de tres factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil es ideal y el modelo es relativamente estable. El "Cuestionario sobre factores restrictivos de la participación deportiva juvenil" puede utilizarse como una herramienta de medición para evaluar y comprender las limitaciones de la participación deportiva juvenil. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacto de la cercanía, toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo de la pareja en los comportamientos saludables / Impact of closeness, affective touch and satisfaction with the couple´s support on healthy behaviors

RESUMEN Introducción: La pareja tiene efectos físicos y psicológicos sumamente positivos, especialmente cuando hay cercanía, debido al bienestar experimentado, toque afectivo, que enriquece la expresión de comprensión y satisfacción con el apoyo de la pareja, pues habrá mayor motivación para realizar comportamientos saludables. Objetivo: Identificar la magnitud, examinar las diferencias y conocer el grado de asociación de la cercanía, toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo recibido por parte de la pareja en el empleo de comportamientos saludables. Método: Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 194 hombres y 194 mujeres mexicanos integrantes de una relación de pareja heterosexual (edad M = 37), con escolaridad mínima de secundaria. Se aplicó una batería compuesta por instrumentos de medición psicológica validados para población mexicana y se realizó una serie de análisis de varianza con pruebas a posteriori de Scheffé y correlaciones producto momento de Pearson. Resultados: De los resultados se destaca que los grupos de mayor toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo recibido emplean mayores comportamientos saludables de actividad y relajación. Por otra parte, para las mujeres, la cercanía se relaciona con mayores conductas de Actividad-relajación (0,168* según Pearson). Para los hombres, mayor satisfacción con el apoyo de su pareja propiciará que realicen mayores conductas de cuidado (0,157* según Pearson). Conclusión: Formar parte de una relación de pareja cercana, afectiva y donde el apoyo es satisfactorio crea un espacio para tener mejor calidad de vida y salud, por su influencia sobre actitudes, significados y conocimientos que determinan la adopción de conductas saludables.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The couple has extremely positive physical and psychological effects, especially when there is closeness, due to the experienced well-being, affective touch, which enriches the expression of compression and satisfaction with the support of the couple, since there will be greater motivation to perform healthy behaviors. Objective: Identify the magnitude, examine the differences and know the degree of association of closeness, affective touch and satisfaction with the support received from the couple in the use of healthy behaviors. Method: We worked with a non-probability sample of 194 Mexican men and 194 Mexican women who were members of a heterosexual couple relationship (age M = 37), with minimum middle school studies. A battery composed of validated psychological measurement instruments for the Mexican population was applied and a series of analysis of variance was performed with Scheffe´s posterior tests and Pearson´s product-moment correlations. Results: From the results, it is highlighted that the groups with the greatest affective touch and satis faction with the support received employ greater healthy behaviors of activity and relaxation. On the other hand, for women, closeness is related to greater Activity-relaxation behaviors (0,168* according to Pearson). For men, greater satisfaction with the support of their partner will lead to more caring behaviors (0,157* according to Pearson). Conclusion: Being part of a close, affective and supportive couple relationship creates a space to have better quality of life and health, due to its influence on attitudes, meanings and knowledge that determine the adoption of healthy behaviors.

Estilos de vida del Profesional Enfermero y su relación en la calidad de atención / Lifestyle of the Nursing Professional and their relationship in the quality of care

Los estilos de vida del profesional enfermero influyen significativamente en la calidad de atención que se proporcione a los usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los estilos de vida del profesional de enfermería y su relación en la calidad de atención. METODOLOGÍA: es una investigación documental bibliográfico, de corte transversal, tipo exploratorio, descriptivo, retrospectivo, como fuente se tomará las principales bases de datos de los últimos 3 años, se estableció un análisis entre los datos de diferentes investigaciones realizadas respecto a esta temática, para producir un aparte concluyente, RESULTADOS: en las actividades de los profesionales de enfermería se comprueba que tienen poco tiempo para sí mismos, existe un descuido en su autocuidado por las exigencias de sus trabajosa nivel administrativo, no existe tiempo para su vida emocional, no se dispone de tiempo para mantener amistades fuera de su actividad laboral, se reduce la actividad física, el estrés produce alteraciones fisiológicas y hábitos tóxicos de manera deficiente. En esta revisión se analizan cada uno de ellos y como todo afecta de una manera significativa en el desempeño profesional y en la calidad de atención que pudieran ofrecer a los usuarios que son atendidos por ellos. CONCLUSIONES: las exigencias administrativas y formas de evaluación continua en las instituciones de salud, obliga al profesional de enfermería a mantener una sobreprotección, con el descuido de su ambiente personal.

The lifestyles of the nursing professional significantly influence the quality of care provided to users. The objective of this study is to analyze the nursing professional's lifestyles and their relationship in the quality of care. METHODOLOGY: it is a bibliographic documentary research, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, retrospective, as a source the main databases of the last 3 years will be taken, an analysis was established between the data of different investigations carried out regarding this theme, to produce a conclusive part, RESULTS: in the activities of nursing professionals it is found that they have little time for themselves, there is a neglect in their self-care due to the demands of their work at the administrative level, there is no time for their emotional life, they do not know You have time to maintain friendships outside your work activity, physical activity is reduced, stress produces physiological alterations and toxic habits poorly. In this review, each one of them is analyzed and how everything affects in a significant way the professional performance and the quality of care that they could offer to the users who are taken care of by them. CONCLUSIONS: the administrative requirements and forms of continuous evaluation in the health institutions, oblige the nursing professional to maintain an overprotection, with the neglect of their personal environment.

Combined Impact of Traditional and Nontraditional Healthy Behaviors on Frailty and Disability: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the short- and long-term association of 6 healthy behaviors (not smoking, vigorous to moderate physical activity, healthy diet, adequate sleeping duration, not being sedentary, and daily social interaction) with incident frailty and disability. DESIGN: Prospective population-based study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: In 2001, 4008 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years in Spain were recruited. Participants were followed up until 2003, when a short-term phone interview of the remaining 3235 individuals was performed. Then, the participants were followed up until 2009, when a long-term phone interview was conducted with 1309 participants. MEASURES: At baseline, a home interview and a physical examination were conducted to assess healthy behaviors. At baseline and at follow-ups, we ascertained frailty and 4 domains of disability: limitation in instrumental activities of daily living, restriction in daily activities, limitation in mobility, and self-care limitation. RESULTS: In the short-term analyses, vigorous to moderate physical activity and not being sedentary were associated with a reduction in frailty, multivariable odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.55 (0.35-0.85) and 0.43 (0.26-0.72). Vigorous to moderate physical activity and adequate sleeping duration decreased instrumental activities of daily living limitation OR 0.63 (0.44-0.91) and 0.69 (0.53-0.89) as well as self-care limitation OR 0.62 (0.41-0.92) and 0.65 (0.45-0.94). Adequate sleep duration and not being sedentary decreased restriction in daily activities OR 0.67 (0.49-0.90) and 0.57 (0.36-0.91). Vigorous to moderate physical activity and healthy diet decreased limitation in mobility OR 0.58 (0.35-0.96) and 0.73 (0.54-0.97). Considering these 5 healthy behaviors, participants who scored 5 (vs ≤ 2) in the combined score had a lower risk of frailty and disability. In the long-term analyses, results showed the same direction as in short-term analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The combination of healthy behaviors is associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of frailty and of most disability outcomes in older adults.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus / Health-related quality of life of patients bearing diabetes mellitus / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con el Diabetes Mellitus

Objetivo: Investigar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e parâmetros clínicos. Método: Estudo transversal, em Unidade de Saúde do interior paulista, em 2016. A amostra foi constituída de 73 pacientes com DM. Utilizou-se o Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, sobre satisfação, impacto, preocupações sociais e ou vocacionais e preocupações relacionadas ao DM. Resultados: Predominou a idade média de 62,7 anos, sexo feminino, casado e aposentado. A preocupação social vocacional apresentou a melhor pontuação para a qualidade de vida enquanto a satisfação, a pior. Para os pacientes com alteração da hemoglobina glicada, a qualidade de vida foi classificada como pior do que para aqueles sem alteração. Para aqueles com o valor hemoglobina glicada sem alteração, a melhor qualidade de vida foi para o domínio preocupação social vocacional e o pior, no domínio satisfação. Conclusão: Os resultados podem subsidiar estudos de intervenção e o planejamento das ações nos serviços de saúde

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life and clinical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which was undertaken with 73 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a health unit of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) [Brazilian Unified Health System] in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2016. The DQOL-Brazil questionnaire, which covers the domains of satisfaction, impact, social and/or vocational concerns, and concerns about diabetes mellitus, was used for data collection. Results: Most of the participants were female, married, and retired with an average age of 62.7 years old. The domain of vocational and/or social concerns had the best score for quality of life while satisfaction had the worst. The quality of life of patients with altered glycated hemoglobin levels was worse than that of patients without such alterations. For those with unchanged hemoglobin glycated levels, the domain of social and/or vocational concerns had the best quality of life scores while the domain of satisfaction had the worst. Conclusion: The results can help the development of intervention studies and strategic plans in health services

Objetivo: Investigar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y parametros clinicos. Método: Estudio transversal, en Unidad de Salud del interior paulista, en 2016. La muestra fue constituida de 73 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Se utilizó el Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, conteniendo cuatro dominios: satisfacción, impacto, preocupaciones sociales y / o vocacionales y preocupaciones relacionadas con el DM. Resultados: Edad media de 62,7 años, sexo femenino, casado y jubilado. El dominio de la preocupación social vocacional presentó la mejor puntuación para la calidad de vida mientras que el dominio de satisfacción, la peor. Para los pacientes con alteración de la hemoglobina glucosa, la calidad de vida fue clasificada como peor que para aquellos sin alteración. Para aquellos con el valor hemoglobina glucosa sin alteración, la mejor calidad de vida fue para el dominio preocupación social vocacional y el peor, en el dominio satisfacción. Conclusión: Los resultados pueden subsidiar estudios de intervención y la planificación de las acciones en los servicios de salud

US Pediatrician Practices and Attitudes Concerning Childhood Obesity: 2006 and 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To compare primary care pediatricians' practices and attitudes regarding obesity assessment, prevention, and treatment in children 2 years and older in 2006 and 2017. STUDY DESIGN: National, random samples of American Academy of Pediatrics members were surveyed in 2006, 2010, and 2017 on practices and attitudes regarding overweight and obesity (analytic n = 655, 592, and 558, respectively). Using logistic regression models (controlling for pediatrician and practice characteristics), we examined survey year with predicted values (PVs), including body mass index (BMI) assessment across 2006, 2010, and 2017 and practices and attitudes in 2006 and 2017. RESULTS: Pediatrician respondents in 2017 were significantly more likely than in 2006 and 2010 to report calculating and plotting BMI at every well-child visit, with 96% of 2017 pediatricians reporting they do this. Compared with 2006, in 2017 pediatricians were more likely to discuss family behaviors related to screen time, sugar-sweetened beverages, and eating meals together, P < .001 for all. There were no observed differences in frequency of discussions on parental role modeling of nutrition and activity-related behaviors, roles in food selection, and frequency of eating fast foods or eating out. Pediatricians in 2017 were more likely to agree BMI adds new information relevant to medical care (PV = 69.8% and 78.1%), they have support staff for screening (PV = 45.3% and 60.5%), and there are effective means of treating obesity (PV = 36.3% and 56.2%), P < .001 for all. CONCLUSIONS: Results from cross-sectional surveys in 2006 and 2017 suggest nationwide, practicing pediatricians have increased discussions with families on several behaviors and their awareness and practices around obesity care.

Intervención orientada a modificar prácticas alimentarias en adolescentes mexicanos / Intervention Intended to Modify the Eating Practices in Mexican / Teenagers Intervenção orientada a modificar práticas alimentares em adolescentes mexicanos

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa para promover prácticas de alimentación saludable en adolescentes entre 11 y 12 años, bajo un enfoque de aprendizaje activo. En esta intervención participaron adolescentes que cursaban el primer año en una escuela secundaria pública de nivel socioeconómico medio; la efectividad de la intervención se evaluó en términos de la modificación favorable de sus actitudes hacia la comida saludable, su autoeficacia para elegir y balancear alimentos y el incremento del riesgo a la salud que implica una alimentación no saludable. El análisis estadístico de los datos indicó una modificación significativa en la actitud y el riesgo percibido después de la intervención; respecto de la autoeficacia, a partir de la aplicación de un modelo markoviano se estimó cuánto debería durar la intervención para lograr que un mayor porcentaje de adolescentes se percibiera como autoeficaz para seleccionar su alimentación. Estos hallazgos apoyan la propuesta de una modificación a los programas gubernamentales, para la creación de un ambiente saludable en las escuelas de nivel elemental y mejorar las competencias de los estudiantes para seguir una dieta balanceada, sin romper con los patrones socioculturales y los hábitos alimenticios de las familias.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention intended to promote healthy eating practices in teenagers between 11 and 12 years old, under an active learning approach. the intervention was carried out among moderate income family teenagers in first grade of secondary education at a public school. the intervention effectiveness was evaluated considering the favorable changes in their attitudes towards the healthy food, their self-efficiency to choose and balance the food, and the increase in the health risk implied by a non-healthy diet. the statistical analysis of the data indicated a significant change in the attitude and risk perceived after the intervention. Regarding the self-efficiency, by applying a Markov model the duration was estimated for the intervention to produce a greater percentage of teenagers perceived as self-efficient to choose their food. these findings support the proposal for a modification in the governmental programs in order to create a healthy environment in the elementary schools and improve the student's competences to follow a balanced diet without breaking up with the sociocultural patterns and the eating habits of their families.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educacional para promover práticas de alimentação saudável em adolescentes entre 11 e 12 anos, sob um enfoque de aprendizagem ativo. Nesta intervenção participaram adolescentes que cursavam o primeiro ano numa escola secundaria pública de renda média. A efetividade da intervenção foi avaliada em termos da alteração favorável da atitude para as refeições saudáveis, a auto-eficácia para escolher e balançar alimentos e o acréscimo do risco para a saúde que uma dieta não saudável envolve. A análise estatística dos dados indicou uma alteração significativa na atitude e risco percebido após a intervenção; no que diz respeito da auto-eficácia, a partir da aplicação de um modelo markoviano foi estimado quanto deveria durar a intervenção para maior percentagem de adolescentes se perceberem como auto eficazes na seleção da sua alimentação. Estes achados sustentam a proposta de uma modificação dos programas governamentais, para a criação de um ambiente saudável nas escolas de ensino fundamental e melhorar as competências dos alunos para seguir uma dieta balanceada, sim quebrar os padrões socioculturais e hábitos alimentares das famílias.

Control de la conducta en personas con diferentes índices de masa corporal / Control of Behavior in People with Different Body Mass Indexes / Controle da conduta em pessoas com diferentes índices de massa corporal

Objetivo. Comparar la autoeficacia percibida en el control del peso, el locus de control del peso y la autorregulación del peso en personas con diferentes índices de masa corporal. Método. Se realizó una investigación no experimental con un diseño comparativo y transversal, en la que participaron voluntariamente 338 personas con diferente peso, 242 mujeres y 92 hombres, en un rango de edad entre los 18 y los 64 años (M = 31.51, DE = 10.83). Se administraron los inventarios de Autorregulación del Peso, Autoeficacia Percibida en la Regulación del Peso y Locus de Control del Peso. Resultados. Las personas obesas mostraron significativamente menor puntaje que las con normopeso en la autoeficacia para realizar actividad física cotidiana; sin embargo, aquellas con sobrepeso no se diferenciaron de ninguno de estos grupos. También se identificaron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones del locus de control interno y otros poderosos. En dichas dimensiones, las personas con normopeso mostraron puntajes más bajos. No hubo diferencias en la autorregulación. Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados contradicen la creencia de que las personas obesas carecen de autocontrol para realizar conductas saludables y que este déficit las diferencia de las personas con normopeso.

Objective. To compare perceived self-efficacy in weight regulation, weight locus of control and weight self-regulation in people with different body mass indexes. Method. A non-experimental correlational and cross-sectional design was used, in which 338 people participated voluntarily with different weights, 242 women and 92 men with ages between 18 and 64 years old (M = 31.51; SD =10.83). The following scales were used: Weight Self-Regulation Inventory, Perceived Self-efficacy in Weight Regulation Inventory and Weight Locus of control Inventory. Results. Obese people showed significantly lower scores than people with normal weight for the self-efficacy inventory in doing daily physical activity. However, people who are overweight were not differentiated from either of these two groups. Significant differences were observed in the internal and other powerful dimensions of the locus of control, where people with normal weight showed significantly lower test scores; in turn, these last two groups did not differ between each other. Finally there were no significant differences in the self-report of their skills of self-regulation. Conclusion. The results obtained contradict the belief that obese people lack self-control to perform healthy behaviors, and that this deficit differentiates them from normal people.

Escopo. Comparar a auto-eficácia percebida no controle do peso, o lócus do controle do peso e a auto-regulação do peso em pessoas com diferentes índices de massa corporal. Metodologia. Foi feita uma pesquisa não experimental com um desenho comparativo e transversal. Em esta participaram voluntariamente 338 pessoas com diferentes pesos, 242 mulheres e 92 homens com idades entre os 18 e os 64 anos de idade (OR = 0.74; p < 0.01). Foram administrados os inventários de Auto-regulação do Peso, Auto-eficácia Percebida na Regulação do Peso e Lócus de Controle do Peso. Resultados. As pessoas obesas mostraram significativamente menor pontuação que as normopeso na auto-eficácia para fazer atividade física cotidiana, no entanto, aquelas com sobrepeso não estiveram diferenciadas de nenhum de estes grupos. Também foram identificadas diferencias significativas nas dimensões de lócus de controle interno e outros poderosos, nas que as pessoas de normopeso mostraram pontuações mais baixas. Não tem diferencias na auto-regulação. Conclusão. Os resultados encontrados contradizem a crença de que as pessoas obesas carecem de autocontrole para realizar condutas saludáveis e que este déficit as diferencia das pessoas normopeso.

Mudanças em comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários entre 2011 e 2014 / Changes in health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students between 2011 and 2014

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação do tempo de exposição ao ambiente universitário com mudanças nos comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários após quatro anos de ingresso no ensino superior. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal com estudantes de uma Universidade Pública de Curitiba, Paraná, entre 2011 e 2014. A atividade física de lazer foi mensurada por meio do questionário IPAQ versão curta e os comportamentos etilismo e hábitos alimentares foram obtidos por meio do YRBSS. Foram medidos massa corporal, estatura, circunferência de cintura e pressão arterial. Foram avaliados 1197 universitários em 2011 e 455 em 2014. Foi utilizado a regressão linear para verificar a relação do tempo de exposição ao ambiente de graduação com a prática de atividade física, outros comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos. O tempo de graduação explicou a variância da prática de AFMV em 16%, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em 13% e 14% (consumo em excesso), a medida da cintura em 13%, e a pressão arterial em 9% (sistólica) e 6% (diastólica). Os dados demonstram que o tempo de exposição ao ambiente universitário explica parte da variância nos comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários.

This study aims was to verify the relationship of the exposure time to the university environment with the health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students after four years of entrance in the undergraduate. A longitudinal study was conducted with students from a Public University of Curitiba, Paraná, between 2011 and 2014. The physical activity was measured using the short version IPAQ questionnaire and the behaviors of drinking and eating habits were obtained through of YRBSS. Body mass, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. A total of 1197 college students were evaluated in 2011 and 455 in 2014. Linear regression was used to verify the relationship of the time of exposure to the under graduation environment with the practice of physical activity, and othershealth-related behaviors and metabolic indicators. Undergraduation time explained the AFMV variance in 16%, alcohol consumption in 13% and 14% (binge drink), waist measurement in 13%, and blood pressure in 9% (systolic) and 6% (diastolic). This data demonstrate that the time exposure to the university environment explains part of variance in health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de serious game como estratégia educativa para enfrentamento da obesidade infantil / Development and evaluation of serious game as an educational strategy for coping with childhood obesity

A obesidade atinge proporções alarmantes no Brasil e no mundo e é considerada desafio de saúde pública. Essa condição crônica exige preparo adequado dos profissionais de saúde e demanda formas inovadoras para seu enfrentamento. Assim, novas intervenções educativas têm sido propostas, vislumbrando maior aproximação das atividades de educação em saúde ao seu público. Uma dessas abordagens traz o uso de jogos digitais como uma ferramenta adicional em tratamentos e programas de educação em saúde voltados à criança. A partir disso, este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um serious game como uma estratégia educativa para crianças escolares portadoras de sobrepeso e obesidade. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, aplicada e de corte transversal. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: desenvolvimento e avaliação da versão final do serious game; e inserção e avaliação do serious game em um programa de enfrentamento da obesidade infantil. O desenvolvimento da versão final do jogo foi por meio dos referenciais de Prochaska (2008), Schell (2008) e Novak (2010). A segunda etapa da pesquisa contou com toda a população de crianças pertencente ao -Programa de condicionamento físico com games interativos para crianças obesas e/ou sobrepeso? durante o período de janeiro a julho de 2017. Ao total, 13 crianças e seus respectivos responsáveis aceitaram participar do estudo. Realizou-se a identificação do perfil das crianças participantes do programa por meio de dados antropométricos, de questionários sobre as condições socioeconômicas, hábitos alimentares e de atividade física. A idade dos participantes variou de sete a 11 anos e os IMC variaram de 21,1 a 40,4, revelando escores Z acima do valor +2, referentes à obesidade e obesidade grave. O jogo foi apresentado às crianças ao final das atividades do Programa de condicionamento físico, de maneira individual. A versão final do jogo foi desenvolvida e disponibilizada online de forma gratuita ao público. O DigesTower foi bem recebido pelos participantes, que afirmaram ter imersão, motivação e estímulo para melhoria do seu conhecimento. No geral, as crianças afirmaram que aprenderam com o DigesTower a encarar os alimentos de outra forma e a diferenciar os mais saudáveis dos menos saudáveis, além da importância do exercício físico para a saúde. Espera-se que os resultados forneçam evidências que sustentem a importância do uso de ferramentas inovadoras que auxiliem intervenções educativas no âmbito da obesidade infantil. Ainda, almeja-se que este estudo auxilie futuras pesquisas em que seus objetos de estudo sejam o desenvolvimento de jogos digitais para crianças em geral

Obesity reaches alarming proportions in Brazil and worldwide and is considered a public health challenge. This chronic condition requires adequate preparation of health professionals and demands innovative ways to cope with it. Thus, new educational interventions have been proposed, seeking a closer approximation of health education activities to its public. One such approach involves the use of digital games as an additional tool in child-directed health education and treatment programs. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a serious game as an educational strategy for school children who are overweight and obese. It was a methodological, applied and cross-sectional research. The study was realized in two stages: development and evaluation of the final version of the serious game; and insertion and evaluation of the serious game in a program of coping with childhood obesity. The development of the final version of the game was through the references of Prochaska (2008), Schell (2008) and Novak (2010). The second stage of the research included the entire population of children belonging to the "Physical fitness program with interactive games for obese and/or overweight children" during the period from January to July of 2017. In total, 13 children and their respective parents accepted participate in the study. The profile of the children participating in the program was identified through anthropometric data, questionnaires on socioeconomic conditions, eating habits and physical activity. The participants' ages ranged from seven to 11 years, and BMI ranged from 21.1 to 40.4, showing Z scores above the +2 value, referring to obesity and severe obesity. The game was presented to the children at the end of the activities of the Physical Fitness Program, individually. The final version of the game was developed and made available online for free to the public. DigesTower was well received by the participants, who said they had immersion, motivation and encouragement to improve their knowledge. Overall, the children said that they learned from DigesTower how to look at food differently and differentiate between healthier and less healthy, as well as the importance of physical exercise for health. The results are expected to provide evidence to support the importance of using innovative tools that support educational interventions in the context of childhood obesity. It is also hoped that this study will aid future research in which their objects of study are the development of digital games for children in general

Comportamentos relacionados à saúde em idosos brasileiros residentes na comunidade: dados do FIBRA ­ polo UNICAMP / Health-related behaviors in elderly brazilians community dwelling: FIBRA UNICAMP data

Buscou-se descrever e identificar associações entre comportamentos relacionados à saúde entre si e com variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos residentes na comunidade. O estudo, de caráter descritivo, populacional e de corte transversal, é parte das análises do banco eletrônico do Estudo FIBRA ­ polo Unicamp, com amostra probabilística de 2552 idosos, com média etária de 72,3 anos (DP=±5,5), e composta predominantemente por mulheres (66%). Análises de Correspondência Múltipla mostraram associações entre as variáveis, apontando para a tendência de formação de três perfis comportamentais da amostra: 1) "Engajados em comportamentos não-saudáveis", 2) "Engajados em Comportamentos Saudáveis" e 3) "Indiferentes ou passivos frente à saúde". Ratificando a literatura, os comportamentos relacionados à saúde de idosos devem ser considerados de forma multidimensional ao gerar sinergia entre si. Tais informações contribuem para o delineamento de estratégias de serviços em saúde e bem-estar para a população idosa. (AU)

It attempted to describe and identify associations between healthrelated behaviors among themselves and with sociodemographic variables in the elderly community dwelling. The study, descriptive, population character, and cross-sectional analysis, is part of the electronic bank FIBRA Study ­ Unicamp pole ­, with a random sample of 2552 older, with a mean age of 72.3 years (SD = ± 5.5) and consisting primarily of women (66%). Multiple correspondence analysis showed associations between variables, pointing to thetrend of formation of three behavioral sample profiles: 1) "Engaged in unhealthy behaviors", 2) "Engaged in Healthy Behaviors" and 3) "Indifferent or passive front the health". Ratifying the literature, the health-related behaviors of the elderly should be considered in a multidimensional way generating synergy between each other. Such information contributes to the design of strategies in health care and welfare for the elderly. (AU)

Students' and teachers' understanding of the WebCas questionnaire for assessing health- related behaviors / Compreensão de escolares e professores em relação ao questionário WebCas destinado a avaliar comportamentos relacionados à saúde

The objective of this study was to verify students' and teachers' understanding of the WebCas questionnaire, which aims to assess health-related behaviors. This cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory survey used the qualitative technique of focus groups with 24 students and 6 teachers. The students highlighted the need to include colorful drawings, to display the segmentation of the day on the computer screen, to provide small explanatory texts in the questionnaire, and to replace terms that are unusual for children. Teachers suggested the inclusion of two images, one representing the male sex and the other representing the female one, and the creation of a scale to represent the intensities of activities, such as the sensation of tiredness, represented by sweat on the skin and hair and reddened skin. This study presented important contributions provided by students and teachers that enabled a better understanding of the WebCas electronic questionnaire in its application with children and adolescents.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a compreensão de escolares e professores em relação ao questionário WebCas destinado para avaliar os comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória de delineamento transversal, utilizando-se da técnica qualitativa de grupos focais realizada com 24 escolares e seis professores. Os escolares destacaram a necessidade da inclusão de de-senhos coloridos, a segmentação do dia na tela do computador, a inclusão de pequenos textos explicativos e de termos pouco usuais para as crianças. Os professores destacaram a inclusão de duas figuras, uma representando o sexo masculino e outra o feminino e, ainda a criação de uma escala para representar as intensidades das atividades, como: sensação de cansaço, representada pelo suor na pele e no cabelo e pele avermelhada. Este estudo apresentou importantes contribuições dos escolares e professores que permitiram uma melhor compreensão do questionário eletrônico WebCas na sua aplicação com crianças e adolescentes.

Estado nutricional, condición física, rendimiento escolar, nivel de ansiedad y hábitos de salud en estudiantes de primaria de la provincia del Bio Bío (Chile): Estudio transversal / Nutritional status, fitness, school performance, anxiety level and health habits in primary school in the Bio Bío province of Chile: A cross-sectional study

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la obesidad ha aumentado y ello se ha asociado a una disminución de la condición física, problemas psicológicos y un bajo rendimiento escolar. El objetivo fue describir el estado nutricional, la condición física, el rendimiento escolar, el nivel de ansiedad y los hábitos de salud en escolares de enseñanza básica (6-7 años), y evaluar las diferencias entre sobrepesos/obesos y normo-pesos. Se realizaron dos estudios (n= 276) en escolares de 1° y 2° año básico. En ambos estudios, se obtuvieron parámetros antropométricos, de condición física y de rendimiento académico. Adicionalmente, en el 1° estudio se midió el perímetro de cintura (PC) y en el 2° hábitos de salud y sintomatología ansiosa. Niños y niñas presentaron altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad. Quienes poseían mayores niveles de IMC/edad tenían peor condición física, dedicaron menos horas semanales a actividad física sistemática y comían más alimentos no saludables. No hubo diferencias en rendimiento académico. Las niñas con sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron menores niveles de ansiedad que las con normopeso. Si bien estos resultados revelan el actual estado nutricional, condición física, académica y mental de una muestra de escolares de enseñanza básica, se necesitan más estudios para confirmar el alto grado de obesidad y sobrepeso detectado.

ABSTRACT In recent years, obesity has increased and its presence has been associated with poor physical condition, psychological problems and poor school performance. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status, physical condition, school performance, anxiety level, and health habits in primary schoolchildren (6-7 years old). We also determined differences among overweight/obese and normal weight groups. Two studies were conducted among 1st and 2nd graders (n=276). In both studies we measured: anthropometry, physical fitness, and academic performance. In addition, in the first study, waist circumference was measured and, in the 2nd study, health habits and anxiety symptoms were obtained. Boys and girls had high levels of overweight and obesity. Those who had higher levels of BMI/age had worse physical fitness, spent less hours per week in scheduled physical activity, ate more unhealthy foods. There were no differences in academic performance. Overweight/obese girls had lower anxiety symptoms than normal weight girls. While these results shed light on current nutritional status, physical, academic and mental condition of a sample of primary school children, further studies are needed to confirm the elevated levels of obesity and overweight detected.

Necesidad de autocuidado en la mujer: un reto para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular / Need for women self-care: a challenged for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Introducción: la agencia del autocuidado es la capacidad que tiene el individuo de cuidarse a sí mismo, donde pueden influir diversos factores propios o factores condicionantes que afecten las características de la salud de la persona. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en la mujer para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica en libros, información oficial registrada en bases de datos de metabuscadores reconocidos internacionalmente durante el periodo 2000-2013 tendiendo en consideración criterios óptimos de inclusión y exclusión referente al tema investigado. Conclusiones: los programas de salud pública en atención primaria cumplen con la planeación en prevención y promoción hacia la salud cardiovascular, pero la evidencia científica no logra demostrar disminución de indicadores sobre morbi-mortalidad en la población femenina, por lo que se recomienda el fomento de investigaciones evaluativas del proceso educativo para realizar un diagnóstico detallado sobre estrategias de enseñanza, aprendizaje y dominio conceptual que conlleven a retroalimentar de manera contextualizada la eficacia de los programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: Self-care management is the individual capacity to care for himself or herself, in which different factor both individually-inherent or conditioning may have in influence as they affect the person's health characteristics. Objective: Assess the women's capacity for self-care management for the prevention of the cardiovascular disease. Methods: Bibliography review in books, official information records in databases of internationally renowned meta-browsers, during the period from 2000 to 2013, considering optimal inclusion and exclusion criteria referring to the investigated topic. Conclusions: Public health programs in primary health care fulfill the planning for prevention and promotion regarding cardiovascular health, but the scientific evidence does not show the decrease of morbidity and mortality in the female population, a reason why it is recommended fostering research assessing the educational process to diagnose in details the teaching, learning and conceptual management strategies leading to a contextualized feedback in the efficiency of the health promotion and diseases prevention programs(AU)

Necesidad de autocuidado en la mujer: un reto para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular / Need for women self-care: a challenged for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Introducción: la agencia del autocuidado es la capacidad que tiene el individuo de cuidarse a sí mismo, donde pueden influir diversos factores propios o factores condicionantes que afecten las características de la salud de la persona. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en la mujer para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica en libros, información oficial registrada en bases de datos de metabuscadores reconocidos internacionalmente durante el periodo 2000-2013 tendiendo en consideración criterios óptimos de inclusión y exclusión referente al tema investigado. Conclusiones: los programas de salud pública en atención primaria cumplen con la planeación en prevención y promoción hacia la salud cardiovascular, pero la evidencia científica no logra demostrar disminución de indicadores sobre morbi-mortalidad en la población femenina, por lo que se recomienda el fomento de investigaciones evaluativas del proceso educativo para realizar un diagnóstico detallado sobre estrategias de enseñanza, aprendizaje y dominio conceptual que conlleven a retroalimentar de manera contextualizada la eficacia de los programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: Self-care management is the individual capacity to care for himself or herself, in which different factor both individually-inherent or conditioning may have in influence as they affect the person's health characteristics. Objective: Assess the women's capacity for self-care management for the prevention of the cardiovascular disease. Methods: Bibliography review in books, official information records in databases of internationally renowned meta-browsers, during the period from 2000 to 2013, considering optimal inclusion and exclusion criteria referring to the investigated topic. Conclusions: Public health programs in primary health care fulfill the planning for prevention and promotion regarding cardiovascular health, but the scientific evidence does not show the decrease of morbidity and mortality in the female population, a reason why it is recommended fostering research assessing the educational process to diagnose in details the teaching, learning and conceptual management strategies leading to a contextualized feedback in the efficiency of the health promotion and diseases prevention programs(AU)