The mediation role of hope in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer.

This study aimed to determine the mediation role of hope in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. Adult Hope Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DAS) scales were used for data collection. The mediator and moderator model was tested using the SPSS macro PROCESS (Model 4, and 5). The mediator model (model 4) indicated that DAS significantly correlated with resilience (ß = - 0.54, t-value = - 5.01, p < 0.001), and hope (ß = - 0.84, t-value = - 3.45, p = 0.0007). Hope mediated the relationship between resilience and DAS among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer (Effect = - 0.18, SE = 0.06, 95% CI - 0.33 to - 0.06). The mediator and moderator model (model 5) showed that female caregivers had a stronger correlation between resilience and DAS when compared to their male counterparts (ß = - 0.56, t-value = - 3.90, p-value = 0.0001); also, hope mediated the relationship between resilience and DAS among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer (Effect = - 0.20, SE = 0.08, 95% CI - 0.37 to - 0.04). In conclusion, hope was a mediator, and female caregivers were a moderator in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress, and its promotion might be effective among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. It seems that resilience, female caregivers, and hope may provide good protection against depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of cancer patients.

Examining the mediating role of e-health literacy in the relationship between COVID-19 awareness and dispositional hope and the experiences of those who survived the disease.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of e-health literacy levels on the relationship between individuals' awareness of COVID-19 and dispositional hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted with a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected for the study online using Google Forms and qualitative data were collected online with an interview technique. In this framework, the qualitative data were obtained from a total of 15 people who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. These participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. A personal information form, e-Health Literacy Scale, Coronavirus Awareness Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, and semistructured interview form were utilized in the course of the research. As a result of, it was determined that there were significant relationships between coronavirus awareness and both e-health literacy and dispositional hope, as well as between e-health literacy and dispositional hope. The measurement model was found to have good fit values. Testing the structural equation model, it was determined that e-health literacy had a full mediating role between coronavirus awareness and dispositional hope. In addition, this study showed that people who had COVID-19 had increased awareness of COVID-19 after contracting the disease.

Hope and its associations with academic-related outcomes and general wellbeing among college students: the importance of measurement specificity.

BACKGROUND: Hope has been extensively studied as a predictor of college students' academic success. Most previous studies used domain-general, global hope measures to gauge the association between hope and academic performance among college students. However, a few studies have suggested that hope is domain-specific and domain-specific academic hope measures should be included in related research to better assess the influence of hope on academic outcomes. In this study, we aimed to further examine this issue to ascertain if there is value in including academic hope measures when studying the link between hope and academic outcomes in college students. METHODS: Two samples of Hong Kong college students (total N = 1321) were recruited. Each participant completed a set of self-reported online questionnaires. RESULTS: In both samples, global hope and academic hope emerged as related but separate factors in confirmatory factor analyses. Academic hope had consistently stronger unique explanatory power on academic performance and goal setting than global hope did. On the other hand, global hope explained more variance in general wellbeing than academic hope did, but its explanatory role in academic performance was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support domain-specificity and show that hope measures explain more variance in outcomes in the matched domains. Therefore, academic hope measures should more routinely be included in related research to better evaluate the role of hope in academic pursuit among college students. Possible implications for hope interventions are also discussed.

Impact of Covid-19 on Psychosocial Well-Being of School-Going Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: The mandated closure of schools due to Covid-19 is likely to have a negative impact on school-going children. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial well-being of school children during the pandemic in eastern India. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient pediatric department of tertiary care teaching hospitals. Children between the ages of 4 and 14 were enrolled. The main outcome measures included the Emotional Symptoms Scale, Conduct Problem Scale, Hyperactivity Scale, Peer Problem Scale, and Prosocial Scale from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), as well as the Children's Hope Scale. RESULTS: Out of 169 children aged 4-14, 104 (61.5%) were male, 140 (82.8%) were from urban areas, 66 (39.1%) had a family member who was a healthcare worker or frontline worker, and 12 (7.1%) had experienced the death of a family member due to Covid-19. Anxiety-related and depressive symptoms were observed in 81 (47.9%) and 70 (41.4%) children, respectively. Psychosocial difficulties with a 'clinically significant problem likely' were observed in 26 (15.4%) children, more common in males (16.35%, P=0.035) and older children (12-14 years). Children from families with healthcare/frontline workers, Covid-affected families, loss of job in the earning member, and uninvolved parenting style were associated with more psychosocial difficulties. The mean (SD) hope score was 22.46 ± 6.42 in children above eight years. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial well-being of school-going children is adversely affected during Covid-19, particularly in families with frontline workers, loss of job, and death of family members due to Covid-19. The poor hope score in children aged 8 years and above indicates an adverse impact on their ability to achieve future goals.

Psychological capital variables as protective factors in indigenous youth experiencing homelessness.

Indigenous youth in the United States are at high-risk for experiencing homelessness related to adverse childhood experiences such as parental substance use and low educational attainment. Such experiences may lead to adverse physical and mental health issues; these youth also have positive attributes of psychological capita (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, optimism) that are related to health outcomes. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe demographic attributes and psychological capital in Indigenous youth experiencing homelessness (IYEH) who participated in a longitudinal intervention study related to safe sex behaviors and life satisfaction. From a total of 602, Indigenous participants (n = 111; mean age 21.25 ± 1.82 years) were recruited from drop-in centers in Austin, Texas and Columbus, Ohio. Data were collected immediately after the intervention and at 3- and 6-month intervals. For this analysis, only data collected at the final time-point were used. Valid scales with Cronbach alphas of 0.75-0.92 (Hope, Resilience, Optimism, Self-efficacy for Substance Refusal, Self-efficacy for Safer Sex, Safe Sex Behaviors, Social Connectedness, and Life Satisfaction) were used. The majority of the IYEH reported smoking, drinking, and using drugs. Psychological capital variables of hope, self-efficacy for negotiating safer sex, resilience, and optimism were significantly related to one another, but not to safe sex behaviors or intention to use condoms. Resilience and optimism were significantly related to social connectedness but not to other psychological capital variables. Life satisfaction was significantly associated with hope, resilience, and optimism. Findings have implications for further theory and research development.

Anxiety and sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: multiple mediating roles of hope and family function.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the extent of sleep quality among individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and to scrutinize whether hope and family function serve as mediators in the association between anxiety and sleep quality in this cohort. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 227 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan. Participants completed several self-report questionnaires, including the Sociodemographic questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Herth Hope Index, and Family APGAR Index. As per the findings of the chain mediation analysis, it was observed that the sleep quality scores were directly predicted by anxiety. Moreover, anxiety positively predicted sleep quality scores through hope and family function as mediators. The observed types of mediation were partial mediation. The total indirect effect value was 0.354, indicating the mediating effect of hope and family function, while the total effect value was 0.481, representing the overall effect of anxiety on sleep quality. The total effect size was 73.60% (0.354/0.481), indicating that the mediation accounted for a significant portion of the relationship. This study established the chain mediating effect of hope and family function between anxiety and sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The findings highlight the importance of addressing anxiety and promoting hope and family function to improve sleep quality in this population. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals should be attentive to the anxiety levels of these patients and implement targeted interventions to help alleviate anxiety, enhance hope, and improve family functioning, with the ultimate goal of improving sleep quality in this population.

Hope and its relationship with treatment/ physical related factors in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.

BACKGROUNDPURPOSE: Immunotherapy is a new treatment option for patients with Lung Cancer (LC). However, relatively limited research has explored about patients' perception of hope and its associated factors during the process. This study aimed to examine level of perceived hope and the factors related to hope, with a particular focus on treatment and physically related factors, in LC patients receiving immunotherapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted and patients who had already received at least one immunotherapy cycle were recruited from two hospitals in northern Taiwan. The questionnaire included a background information form, the Herth's Hope Index, and the Symptom Severity Scale. Stepwise regression was applied to identify the most robust factors related to level of hope in the participants. RESULTS: A total of 130 patients were recruited. Overall, patients reported moderate to high levels of hope and mild symptoms. Fatigue, weakness, appearance changes, pruritus, and shortness of breath were identified as the most severe symptoms. Further regression analysis showed that patients with poor performance status, less immunotherapy cycles, higher level of fatigue, and more severe pruritus reported to have lower level of hope which explained 47% of the variances. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy had moderate level of hope. Patients' performance status, selected symptoms and times of receiving immunotherapy were the robust factors related to hope. Systematic assessment of patients' symptoms and the development of appropriate interventions to reduce distress and enhance hope are strongly recommended for both clinical care and research.

Well-being in parents of children with cancer: illness perceptions' mediating role for hope and social support.

Introduction: Parents of children with cancer may experience enormous physical and emotional pressures. During such times, perception of the situation can be important in mediating the link between one's basic resources (mainly cognitive and social) and the well-being one attains as an emotional and cognitive response. This study aimed to explore the role of illness impact perceptions in mediating the link between hope, social support and subjective well-being in parents of children with cancer. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 108 parents of children aged 7-18 diagnosed with cancer at least 6 months prior to the study. The parents completed one questionnaire comprising five instruments: perceived impact of illness, hope, social support, positive and negative affect (the emotional component of well-being) and life satisfaction (the cognitive component of well-being). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were conducted for all study variables. SEM analysis was performed to examine the study's theoretical model. Results: The current sample included 108 parents of children with cancer recruited from two pediatric hematology-oncology wards in two different hospitals in central Israel. Most participants were mothers (70.4%), and the mean age was 44.46. The main results indicated that hope and social support correlated negatively with perceptions of the illness' impact. Illness impact perceptions mediated the relations between hope, social support and positive emotions, which means that when the parents perceived their child's illness as less impactful on the family, they experienced higher levels of emotional well-being. Conclusion: A parent with social support resources and higher levels of hope experiences higher levels of positive perceptions regarding their child's illness. Higher levels of positive perceptions allow the parent to express more positive than negative emotions, thus maintaining a more optimal level of subjective emotional well-being. The findings offer implications for healthcare teams to enhance sensitivity to parents' needs and to help parents attain more resources, positive perceptions, and well-being.

The Effect of Spiritual Care on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Referred to the MS Association of Hamadan in Iran.

The negative impact of hopelessness on mental health makes multiple sclerosis (MS) disease unmanageable. This study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual care on hope in MS patients. In the present randomized controlled trial study, 70 MS patients were selected from the MS Association of Hamadan, Iran, and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups (35 patients per group). A demographic characteristic form and Snyder's Adult Hope Scale were completed before and after the intervention. Spiritual care was provided in weekly group sessions held for four weeks (45-60 min each). The data were analyzed using SPSS-16. Before the intervention, there were no significant between-group difference (P = 0.323). After the intervention, a significant between-group difference was observed (p < 0.001). There was also a significant increase in the mean of hope scores in the intervention group from baseline to follow-up (within-group difference) (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between baseline and follow-up in the control group (p = 0.38), confirming the effectiveness of spiritual care in improving hope. Given the impact of spiritual care on increasing patients' hope and improving their psychological state, nurses are advised to devote adequate time to their patients' spiritual needs.

The Meaning of Hope for Polish Male Patients Dying from Cancer Depending on Their Age: An Interdisciplinary Study with the Use of Osgood's Semantic Differential Method.

Background/Objectives: The subject of this article is the reflection on hope-one of the most important predictors and motivators of human actions. Hope is our response to a threat, and it is also the emotion that allows us to overcome hopelessness and to reduce suffering. Hoping is a human capacity with varying cognitive, emotional, and functional dimensions. Psychological, pedagogical (particularly in the framework of special-needs pedagogy and thanatological pedagogy), and theological reflection on hope can be helpful for dying people. The objective of this study was to characterize hope in the semantic space of individuals in the terminal stage of cancer and to verify whether age is a variable that determines this hope. Methods: To complete the study, the Osgood semantic differential method was applied, as modified by Polish psychologist Dr. Boguslaw Block (the DSN-3 test). The research technique consisted of a therapeutic conversation. Results: Research results show that, in general, those in the terminal stage have positive associations with hope. In all three aspects of the used test, namely the cognitive, emotional, and functional aspects, the highest scores assigned to the perception of hope were obtained from men up to 35 years of age. Depending on the ages of patients, one could observe certain semantic shifts, but they did not prove to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Polish males surveyed at the end of life due to cancer generally perceived hope as a supportive force. Therefore, hope can provide emotional support to patients in the terminal stage of cancer and improve their quality of life.

Climate change worry among nurses and their hope levels for climate change prevention.

AIM: This research aimed to determine nurses' climate change worry, their level of hope for climate change prevention, and the relationship between climate change worry and hope for climate change. BACKGROUND: Nurses are healthcare professionals actively involved in the fight against climate change. However, their close involvement with the issue can also increase their own climate change worry. Therefore, it is important to maintain high levels of hope among nurses in preventing climate change. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses working at a university hospital. RESULTS: The average score on the Climate Change Worry Scale for nurses was 29.22 ± 9.33, with sub-dimensions scores as follows: personal-sphere will and way 10.96 ± 2.09; collective sphere will 18.36 ± 3.39; lack of will and way dimensions 10.40 ± 2.48. The average score on the climate change hope scale was 39.73 ± 5.52. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between age and the climate change worry scale (r = 0.169, p = 0.020) as well as climate change hope (r = 0.148, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: The research findings indicate that nurses have a high level of climate change worry, but they also have a high level of hope in preventing climate change. It is considered essential to address the concerns of nurses who are actively combating the climate crisis.

"Religious Coping Fosters Mental Health": Does Psychological Capital Enable Pakistani Engineers to Translate Religious Coping into Mental Wellbeing?

Turning toward religion to make sense of and cope with challenging circumstances is an area of interest for many recent researchers working on wellbeing and mental health. The present study extends this interest by assessing whether psychological capital explains the association between religious coping and mental wellbeing in Pakistani engineers. Psychological capital was assessed from four factors, namely optimism, resilience, hope, and self-efficacy. A sample of 501 Muslim engineers from Pakistan (M age = 33.41, SD = 6.37 years) was assessed on measures of religious coping, psychological capital, and mental wellbeing. Results from correlation and a multimediation model showed that positive religious coping was positively predictive of mental wellbeing and psychological capital; however, negative religious coping remained insignificant for mental wellbeing. Further analysis showed that of four psychological capital factors, only self-efficacy explained the positive association between positive religious coping and mental wellbeing. Implications of the findings along with future directions have been discussed.

Religion and Satisfaction with Life in Polish Seniors: Mediation by Forgiveness and Hope.

This study examined the mediating role of forgiveness and hope in the relationship between religiousness and satisfaction with life in late adults in Poland. Participants were 237 people (165 females and 72 males) aged between 60 and 92. The mean age of the sample was 68.37 years (SD = 6.92), and the most represented religious affiliation was Roman Catholic (98.3%). Satisfaction with life is related to the centrality of religiousness. In the surveyed seniors, hope and tendency to forgive mediated the relationship between the centrality of religiousness and satisfaction with life.

Children's perspective of hope in living with leukemia: A qualitative study using drawing.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore children's perspective of hope in living with leukemia through the utilization of drawing-based interview technique. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted at the Children's Medical Center in Tehran with the participation of children aged 6 to 12 diagnosed with leukemia. The children were asked to prepare a drawing about hope then interviews were conducted face-to-face with each child after completing the drawing. Data analysis was conducted using the qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: In the collection of a total of 20 drawings from school-age children with leukemia, each drawings has different metaphors symbolizing hope. Five themes emerged including positive thinking, embracing the sanctuary of maternal affection and collective caring, the ethereal glow of joy, the melody of resilient soul, and navigating the way back to home. CONCLUSION: Hope from the child's perspective can be achieved in simple, possible and accessible ways, making it easier for the family, community and healthcare system to inspire hope in their lives with Leukemia. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Health providers in pediatric oncology can integrate hope-based care interventions related to the factors influencing children's perspectives.

Environmental Hypothermia.

Although a rare diagnosis in the Emergency Department, hypothermia affects patients in all environments, from urban to mountainous settings. Classic signs of death cannot be interpreted in the hypothermic patient, thus resulting in the mantra, "No one is dead until they're warm and dead." This comprehensive review of environmental hypothermia covers the clinical significance and pathophysiology of hypothermia, pearls and pitfalls in the prehospital management of hypothermia (including temperature measurement techniques and advanced cardiac life support deviations), necessary Emergency Department diagnostics, available rewarming modalities including extracorporeal life support, and criteria for termination of resuscitation.

Based on the relationship between anxiety of existential meaninglessness, hope level, and fear of progression, explored the effect of preoperative nursing with Orem theory in the senile cataract population.

Background: Cataracts, characterized by a decrease in vision due to the clouding of the lens, can progress to blindness in advanced stages. The rising incidence of cataract cases has led to a significant number of patients experiencing negative emotions associated with vision loss, thereby diminishing their quality of life. In clinical practice, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to consider the psychological well-being of cataract patients. Currently, there is a scarcity of research focusing on psychological evaluations, such as assessing feelings of meaninglessness among individuals with cataracts. Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the anxiety of existential meaninglessness and to explore the relationships among existential anxiety, Herth hope index levels and fear of progression in the elderly cataract-affected population. Additionally, it evaluates the effectiveness of Orem's nursing care strategies. Methods: Utilizing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Existential Meaninglessness Anxiety Scale (EM-A), Herth Hope Index Level Scale, and the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), this research employed convenience sampling for a cross-sectional and intervention study. The retrospective study sample comprised 1,029 individuals, while the intervention study included 317. The intervention design assessed psychological changes in existential meaninglessness following Orem's preoperative nursing interventions. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to ascertain the determinants of EM-A within the population of elderly patients with senile cataracts. Pearson correlation analysis elucidated the relationship between EM-A, levels of hope, and the FoP-Q-SF among this demographic. Subsequent investigations, utilizing a t-test, evaluated the effects by comparing the data before and after the implementation of the interventions. Results: The correlation between EM-A, hope levels, and FoP-Q-SF was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Factors such as age, education level, alcohol consumption habits, hope levels, and FoP-Q-SF scores significantly affected EM-A scores (p < 0.05). Orem's nursing framework significantly reduced existential anxiety (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Among elderly patients with cataracts, existential anxiety was generally moderate. Hope levels and fear of progression were closely associated with the EM-A. The novel Orem preoperative care model effectively addresses clinical issues. In clinical practice, it is crucial to address psychological problems and enhance patients' quality of life.

Sources and perceptions of hope: A qualitative study involving younger people with dementia.

Hope is an important but overlooked phenomenon in dementia studies. Few studies have examined how people with dementia experience or perceive hope, possibly because it is seen as a diagnosis without hope. In this article, we report on a doctoral study, the aim of which was to examine the phenomenon of hope from the perspective of younger people with dementia to generate new understanding and enable community-based healthcare professionals to support well-being. The study was conducted in the Midlands, England, and used a modified diary-interview method. Six participants were given a camera and asked to take pictures of whatever made them feel hopeful. During a post-diary semi-structured interview, a conversation about hope took place. Interviews were transcribed and interpreted using the 'Voice-Centred Relational Method'. Findings show that hope is important to younger people with dementia. Sources of hope were the surrounding environment, keeping connected, taking action, and drawing on internal resources. An over-arching theme was 'defying dementia' and participants demonstrated resistance to negative stereotypes. Living with dementia did not curtail hope, although it could be weakened when participants felt 'cast adrift' by services. The In vivo codes generated were fear of dementia, threats to identity, disconnection from others, and frustrations and restrictions. It is concluded that hope should be a more central part of practice-based conversations with people with dementia.

Effect of resilience training on stress, hope and psychological toughness of mothers living with mentally and physically disabled children.

INTRODUCTION: Welfare and rehabilitation centers prioritize the welfare of children over the mental and physical well-being of mothers. The present study aimed to determine the impact of resilience training on stress, hope, and psychological toughness of mothers living with mentally and physically disabled children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This intervention study was conducted in the Hamadan (Iran) Welfare and Rehabilitation Center in 2023. To this end, 70 parents of children with mental and physical disabilities were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to two control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, 9 resilience training sessions were conducted, each lasting 60 min. These meetings were held weekly at the welfare and rehabilitation center. The resilience training included three components: (1) exploring the concept of resilience within families and the attributes of individuals with high resilience, (2) examining internal and external factors that influence resilience, and (3) studying the strategies for enhancing family resilience. No intervention was performed in the control group. Data collection was done using parental stress, hope, and psychological toughness questionnaire. The mothers of both groups completed the above questionnaires both before and one month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using chi-square (χ2), Kruskal-Wallis, and t-test with SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in parental stress between the two groups (p = 0.370). However, after the intervention, the difference between the two groups became statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, there was no significant difference in parents' hope before the intervention (p = 0.452), but a significant difference was observed after the intervention (p = 0.001). Besides, parental psychological toughness was not significant before the intervention (p = 0.179) but became significant after the intervention (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, resilience training reduced parental stress and increased hope and resilience in mothers of the test group. Therefore, resilience training is recommended to lower parental stress and increase the hope and psychological toughness of mothers of mentally and physically disabled children.