Decarbonizing the Transport of Microalgae-based Products - The Role of E-mobility.

BACKGROUND: The decarbonization of road transport is a precondition for achieving carbon neutrality. Battery-electric vehicle technology can make this a reality. In this bias, the objective of the article is to shed light on the ongoing debate about the potentially important role of the adoption of electric vehicles in the transport of microalgae- based products to help them advance to a cleaner life cycle. METHODS: Five routes, including unimodal and multimodal conditions, were defined to assess the carbon emissions of the transport system and, more specifically, of road transport. The headquarters of market-leading microalgae manufacturers were selected as the origin of the routes and, as the destination, regions that sustain them. RESULTS: The results reveal the supremacy of road transport of microalgae-based products using electric vehicles powered by nuclear, hydroelectric, and wind, followed by biomass and photovoltaic energy. They also show that the positive impact of wind, water, and photovoltaic energy on the climate, added to the lower battery charging costs and the greater opportunity to generate revenue from the sale of carbon credits, make their tradeoffs. CONCLUSION: The exquisite results of this study convey key messages to decision-makers and stakeholders about the role of electromobility in building a zero-carbon delivery route.

The Economic Analyses of the Drosophila suzukii's Invasions: A Mini-review.

The objective of this paper is to bring to the fore the type of economic analyses that have been carried out on the invasion of the Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and what has been learned. The analysis is limited to the original research articles published in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters. A total of 20 relevant studies are identified. The studies are analysed based on their main purpose, which is either economic impact assessment or economic evaluation of management programmes. The analysis also considers the key methodological points highlighted in recent reviews of the economic literature on alien invasive species. Over time, the focus of these studies has gradually shifted from raising awareness of the magnitude of the impact, particularly on agricultural production, to supporting the decision-making process concerning effective pest management. Most studies have been conducted from a private perspective, measuring private costs and providing guidance to the industry. However, some papers include, or focus on, the societal costs caused by the invasions of D. suzukii. This review has found few impact studies in the recently invaded areas and no economic evaluation of management programmes. There are not only geographical areas, but also themes that need more attention and analysis in the economic studies on D. suzukii. Assessing the economic effectiveness of integrated pest management programmes in specific settings, included the Latin American countries, is crucial.

Climate change and air pollution impacts on cultural heritage building materials in Europe and Mexico.

Climate and air pollution have adverse effects on cultural heritage building materials. However, the quantified damage due to modeled changes in climate and air pollution is still poorly studied. Here, we review first the damage affecting these materials and the associated damage equations in the literature. Across all relevant studies (n = 87), we found only nine independent equations to estimate different damage categories, mainly limited to limestones. Then, by using current meteorological data and future bias-corrected CMIP6 climate and air pollution data at high resolution (1 km; historical and business-as-usual scenario) and applying these equations, we quantified the relative contributions of climate and air pollution changes on the building materials of eight cultural heritage sites of the European project Sustainable COnservation and REstoration of built cultural heritage (SCORE) from 2020 to 2100. On average across the sites, a significant decrease in damage is projected in surface recession (-10 % ± 10 %), biomass accumulation (-20 % ± 18 %), and wind-rain erosion (-7 % ± 6 %) in response to future climate and air pollution changes, except in the regions where precipitation substantially increases (Northern Europe). A large uncertainty in the relative magnitude of the damage to built cultural heritage materials was found for the same site, changes in surface recession vary up to a 40 % difference across the equations. Moreover, thermal expansion and lifetime multiplier equations project an increase in the related damage while all the other types of damage are significantly reduced. Finally, in general, but not systematically, climate-induced damage was found to be predominant over the pollution-induced one. Our results allow prioritizing cultural heritage maintenance decisions in regions where damage will further increase. Beyond simulated damages which are still limited use, we urge more campaign studies to determine real in situ damage in different climate locations to validate or build the best equations.

Analyzing the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in Paraná, Brazil and California, United States with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and the analytical hierarchy process.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has become one of the most widespread environmental management instruments. Despite this, EIA is routinely criticized for being ineffective at impacting decision-making. This study compared the EIA systems of Paraná, Brazil and California, United States using the effectiveness dimensions from the EIA literature. This study formats the cases into contextual conditions using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the necessary or sufficient conditions that cause effective outcomes. These effectiveness outcomes are then ranked by EIA stakeholders via the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to identify stakeholder priorities and to improve stakeholder management. The results show that in Paraná stakeholders identified normative effectiveness as the most important dimension, while stakeholders in California identified this dimension as the second-most important following substantive effectiveness. Public participation was found to be a necessary condition for both substantive and normative effectiveness to occur. Early project definition was found to be sufficient for substantive effectiveness and necessary for normative effectiveness, for which stakeholder coordination was a sufficient condition. This suggests that in order for EIA to influence decision-making and foster sustainable development, greater care needs to be taken to actively engage stakeholders in public participation, with clear roles and project design communicated early on, and a clear role for regulatory authority to promote stakeholder coordination for acceptable outcomes. These findings suggest that some effectiveness dimensions are caused by similar conditions, which could help focus stakeholder management efforts and point to new avenues for future EIA effectiveness research.

Impact of a research-action on vaccination indicators in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Impacto de uma pesquisa-ação nos indicadores vacinais em Minas Gerais

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the impact of the state research-action project on immunization indicators (vaccination coverage - VC, homogeneity of vaccination coverage - HVC, dropout rate - DR, and risk rating) before and after the intervention in municipalities and priority Regional Health Administrations/Regional Health Superintendencies (RHA/RHS). METHODS The state research-action project was a before-after community clinical trial conducted in 212 municipalities belonging to eight RHA/RHS in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study sample comprised RHA/RHS with a decreasing trend for routine vaccination coverage in children under one year from 2015 to 2020. This study used secondary VC and DR data from 10 immunobiologicals recommended for children younger than two years from January to December 2021 (pre-intervention period, prior to the state research-action project) and from January to December 2022 (post-intervention period). The categorical variables were presented in proportions, and initially, a comparison was made between those of DR, HVC, and the risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, according to the two periods (2021 and 2022), using the McNemar test. RESULTS All immunization indicators increased after conducting the research-action project. In 2021, 80.66% of the state's municipalities had a risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases as "high and very high." In 2022, the value reduced to 68.40%. CONCLUSIONS Risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases is an important mechanism to assist managers in defining priorities. The state research-action project used a method that enabled the construction and execution of unique action plans for each municipality, directing the improvement of immunization indicators in the state.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o impacto do projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação nos indicadores de imunização (coberturas vacinais - CV, homogeneidade de cobertura vacinal - HCV, taxa de abandono - TA e classificação de risco) antes e após a intervenção em municípios e Gerências Regionais de Saúde/Superintendências Regionais de Saúde (GRS/SRS) prioritários. MÉTODOS O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação foi um ensaio clínico comunitário, do tipo antes-depois, realizado em 212 municípios pertencentes a oito GRS/SRS do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Compuseram a amostra do estudo as SRS/GRS com tendência decrescente para a cobertura vacinal de rotina em crianças menores de 1 ano, no período de 2015 a 2020. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dados secundários de CV e TA de 10 imunobiológicos recomendados para crianças menores de 2 anos, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021 (período pré-intervenção, anterior ao projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação) e de janeiro a dezembro de 2022 (período pós-intervenção). As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas em proporções e, inicialmente, realizou-se a comparação entre as de TA, HCV e a classificação de risco para a transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis, segundo os dois períodos (2021 e 2022), utilizando-se o teste McNemar. RESULTADOS Observou-se um aumento de todos os indicadores de imunização após a realização do projeto de pesquisa-ação. No ano de 2021, 80,66% dos municípios do estado tiveram a classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis como "alto e muito alto risco". Em 2022, o valor foi reduzido para 68,40%. CONCLUSÕES A classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis é um mecanismo importante para auxiliar os gestores na definição de prioridades. O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação empregou um método que possibilitou a construção e a execução de planos de ação singulares a cada município, direcionando a melhoria dos indicadores de imunização no estado.

Avaliação do impacto da implantação do novo sistema de informações da atenção primária à saúde nos registros de atendimentos e visitas domiciliares no Brasil / Evaluation of the impact of the implementation of the new primary health care information system on records of patient care and home visits in Brazil / Evaluación del impacto de la implantación del nuevo sistema de informaciones de la atención primaria de salud en los registros de atención y visitas domiciliarias en Brasil

Resumo: A substituição do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB, 1998-2015), a partir de janeiro de 2016, pelo novo Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB) determinou novas formas de coleta, processamento e uso das informações, com possível impacto nos registros das atividades desenvolvidas na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da implantação do novo sistema de informação sobre registros de atendimentos de médicos e enfermeiros, e de visitas domiciliares de agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) brasileiros entre 2007 e 2019. Para tal, utilizou-se uma abordagem bayesiana de modelo estrutural para séries temporais, com base em uma regressão difusa de espaço-estado. Ao longo do período de 2016 a 2019, foram registrados 463,47 milhões de atendimentos médicos, 210,61 milhões de atendimentos de enfermagem e 1,28 bilhão de visitas de ACS. Seguindo a tendência registrada antes da implantação, seriam esperados 598,86 milhões, 430,46 milhões e 1,5 bilhão de atendimentos de médicos, enfermeiros e visitas de ACS, respectivamente. Em termos relativos, houve um decréscimo de 25% nos atendimentos médicos, 51% nos atendimentos de enfermagem e 15% nas visitas de ACS quando comparado com o valor esperado pelo método bayesiano. O impacto negativo no registro de atendimentos e de visitas domiciliares identificado neste estudo, seja por dificuldade de adaptação ao novo sistema, seja por diminuição de registros indevidos, merece ser alvo de investigação para que se possa, de forma planejada, compreender e superar o desafio da melhoria do sistema de informação da atenção primária.

Abstract: The replacement of the Primary Care Information System (SIAB, 1998-2015), as of January 2016, by the new Health Information System for Primary Care (SISAB) determined new forms of collecting, processing, and using information, with a possible impact on the records of activities carried out in primary health care in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation impact of the new information system on records of physicians' and nurses' patient care and home visits of community health workers (CHW) in Brazil from 2007 to 2019. To this end, a Bayesian structural time-series model approach was used, based on a diffuse state-space regression. From 2016 to 2019, 463.47 million physician care, 210.61 million nursing care, and 1.28 billion CHW visits were recorded. Following the trend recorded before the implementation, 598.86 million, 430.46 million, and 1.5 billion physician and nursing appointments and CHW visits would be expected, respectively. In relative terms, there was a decrease of 25% in physician care, 51% in nursing care, and 15% in CHW visits when compared to the value expected by the Bayesian method. The negative impact on the records of patient care and home visits identified in this study, whether due to difficulties in adapting to the new system or a reduction in improper records, must be investigated so that the challenge of improving the primary care information system can be understood and overcome in a planned way.

Resumen: La sustitución del Sistema de Información de la Atención Básica (SIAB, 1998-2015), desde enero de 2016, por el nuevo Sistema de Información en Salud para la Atención Básica (SISAB) estableció nuevas maneras para recolectar, procesar y utilizar las informaciones, con posibles impactos en los registros de las actividades desarrolladas en la atención primaria de salud en Brasil. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la implantación del nuevo sistema de información sobre los registros de atención de médicos y enfermeros y de visitas domiciliarias de agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS) en Brasil entre 2007 y 2019. Para eso, se utilizó un enfoque bayesiano de modelo estructural para series temporales basadas en una regresión difusa de espacio de estado. Entre los años 2016 y 2019, se registraron 463,47 millones de consultas médicas, 210,61 millones de consultas de enfermería y 1,28 mil millones de visitas de ACS. Siguiendo la tendencia registrada antes de la implantación, se esperarían 598,86 millones, 430,46 millones y 1,5 mil millones de consultas médicas y de enfermería y visitas de ACS respectivamente. En términos relativos, hubo una disminución del 25% en las consultas médicas, del 51% en las consultas de enfermería y del 15% en las visitas de ACS en comparación con el valor esperado por el método bayesiano. El impacto negativo en el registro de consultas y visitas domiciliarias identificado en este estudio, ya sea por dificultades en la adaptación al nuevo sistema o por la disminución de los registros indebidos, merece ser objeto de investigación para que se pueda, de manera planificada, comprender y superar el desafío continuo de mejorar el sistema de información de la atención primaria.

Evaluación del impacto del programa de maestría Medios Diagnósticos en la universidad médica matancera / Impact Assessment of the Program of the Master's Degree in Diagnostic Means from the Matanzas Medical University

Introducción: El posgrado en salud, en especial el desarrollo de los programas de maestrías, constituye fuente de investigación para la evaluación del impacto, por la importancia que reviste para la calidad académica y la mejora continua de los programas de formación. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que produce a nivel individual, institucional y social-comunitario el programa de la maestría Medios Diagnósticos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Métodos: Se realizó un proyecto de evaluación de impacto, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo, durante el período comprendido entre 2019 y 2022, con la aplicación de un procedimiento seleccionado que permitió demostrar la calidad del programa de la maestría objeto de estudio. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para determinar la calidad del programa de formación y sus transformaciones. Resultados: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría permitió conocer elementos esenciales para el desarrollo del programa en la institución y los rasgos que caracterizan los procedimientos existentes para dicho fin; asimismo, se obtuvo información relevante sobre la influencia del programa y las transformaciones obtenidas a nivel personal, institucional y social-comunitario. Conclusiones: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría objeto de estudio, con la aplicación del procedimiento seleccionado, constituyó una vía pertinente para medir los resultados del programa y su influencia en el desarrollo personal, institucional y en lo social-comunitario, lo que permitió la retroalimentación para la mejora continua del programa de formación(AU)

Introduction: Health postgraduate studies, especially the development of master's degree programs, are sources of research for assessing impact, due to their importance for academic quality and the continuous improvement of training programs. Objective: To assess the impact at the individual, institutional and social-community level produced by the program of the master's degree in Diagnostic Means from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Methods: An analytical, longitudinal and prospective project for assessing impact was carried out during the period from 2019 to 2022, with the application of a selected procedure that allowed demonstrating the quality of the master's degree program under study. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied to determine the quality of the training program and its transformations. Results: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree program made it possible to know essential elements for the development of the program at the institution and the features that characterize the existing procedures for that purpose; likewise, relevant information was obtained on the influence of the program and the transformations obtained at the personal, institutional and social-community levels. Conclusions: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree under study, with the application of the selected procedure, was a pertinent way to measure the outcomes of the program and its influence on personal, institutional and social-community development, which allowed feedback for the continuous improvement of the training program(AU)

Long-term impacts on estuarine benthic assemblages (2015-2020) after a mine tailing spill in SE Brazil.

The Rio Doce estuary was critically impacted in 2015 by the world's largest mining tailing spill, with still unclear long-term effects on the aquatic biota. Here we present a long-term (2015 to 2020) assessment of estuarine benthic assemblages, where we demonstrate that despite a decline in the absolute concentrations of potentially toxic elements; sediment contamination is still above pre-impact conditions. The presence of these contaminants is likely responsible for a continued low habitat quality for the benthic fauna, characterized by a reduction of 96 % of the macroinvertebrate density and persistent change in the benthic assemblage composition. Our study supports previous work indicating the long-term nature of pollution impacts in estuaries, and demonstrate that although water quality levels were quickly adequate under regulatory terms, they largely lack significance to the overall ecosystem health assessment, as they are not related to the recovery of bottom- dwelling assemblages in estuarine ecosystems.

Impacto de la maestría en la formación investigativa de sus egresados a través de sus publicaciones / The Master's Degree in Research Training's Impact on its Graduates, Analyzed through their Publications

Introducción: La Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis constituye una propuesta académica para elevar la calidad de la formación en salud sobre la base de métodos de investigación y aterosclerosis. Evaluar el impacto de su formación científica, evidenciará la relación causa-efecto entre la acción de superación y el comportamiento en el desempeño. Existen criterios de medida que sirven para hacerlo. Este trabajo empleó la publicación de artículos científicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la maestría mediante el efecto producido sobre el desempeño investigativo de los graduados, a través de sus publicaciones en revistas científicas. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se buscaron publicaciones de alumnos de tres ediciones en Google Académico. El criterio de desempeño investigativo evaluado fue el de artículos publicados. Se midieron las publicaciones de artículos científicos en cuanto a cantidad, calidad y extensión, en dos etapas; se compararon para medir impacto. Resultados: Se incrementaron significativamente los artículos originales y las revisiones bibliográficas en la segunda etapa. Se identificaron graduados más productivos, más citados, líderes; se publicó más en revistas grupo I. Las palabras clave estaban relacionadas con la aterosclerosis; se hallaron diferentes tipos de colaboración. Conclusiones: El incremento de publicaciones, especialmente artículos científicos con mayor liderazgo y colaboración en los últimos años, de citas y predominio en bases de datos internacionales, fueron muestra de productividad, visibilidad e impacto de la actividad científica(AU)

Introduction: The master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research is an academic proposal to raise the quality of health training based on research methods and atherosclerosis. To assess the impact of scientific training will show the cause-effect relationship between improvement action and performance behavior. There are measurement criteria that serve to this purpose. This work used the publication of scientific articles. Objective: To assess the impact of the master's degree through the effect produced on the research performance of graduates, through their publications in scientific journals. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective bibliometric study was carried out, searching, in Google Scholar, for publications by students from three editions. The assessed research performance criterion was the number of published articles. Publications of scientific articles were measured in terms of quantity, quality and length, in two stages; they were compared to measure impact. Results: Original articles and bibliographic reviews increased significantly in the second stage. More productive and more cited leading graduates were identified; more articles were published in group I journals. The keywords were related to atherosclerosis; different types of collaboration were found. Conclusions: The increase in publications, especially scientific articles with higher leadership and collaboration in recent years, as well as in citations and the predominance of representativeness in international databases, evidenced productivity, visibility and impact of the scientific activity(AU)

A multi-attribute approach to evaluating the impact of biostimulants on crop performance.

An ever-growing collection of commercial biostimulants is becoming available in a wide variety of forms and compositions to improve crop performance. Given the intricate nature of deciphering the underlying mechanisms of commercial products, which typically comprise various biological components, it is crucial for research in this area to have robust tools to demonstrate their effectiveness in field trials. Here, we took a multi-attribute approach to evaluating the impact of biostimulants on crop performance. First, we assessed the impact of a biostimulant on the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes associated to crops in eight reference farms, including corn (3 farms), soybean (2), cotton (2) and sugarcane (1), in different biomes and production contexts in Brazil and Paraguay. Second, we modeled a set of integrated indicators to measure crop responses to biostimulant application, including five analytical themes as follows: i) crop development and production (9 indicators), ii) soil chemistry (9), iii) soil physics (5), iv) soil biology (6) and v) plant health (10). Amplicon 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing revealed that the use of the biostimulant consistently changes the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the production system for all evaluated crops. In the rhizosphere samples, the most responsive bacterial taxa to biostimulant application were Prevotella in cotton; Prauserella and Methylovirgula in corn; and Methylocapsa in sugar cane. The most responsive fungal taxa to biostimulant use were Arachnomyces in soybean and cotton; and Rhizophlyctis in corn. The proposed integrated indicators yielded highly favorable positive impact indices (averaging at 0.80), indicating that biostimulant-treated fields correlate with better plant development and crop performance. Prominent indices were observed for indicators in four themes: soil biology (average index 0.84), crop production (0.81), soil physics (compaction reduction 0.81), and chemical fertility (0.75). The multi-attribute approach employed in this study offers an effective strategy for assessing the efficacy of biostimulant products across a wide range of crops and production systems.

Entrenamiento para el desarrollo de competencias en evaluación de impacto social a gestores de proyectos

Introducción: El contexto tecnocientífico cubano actual promueve proyectos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, que tributan al progreso del modelo de desarrollo económico social socialista que propone el país. Pero, en la práctica, estos proyectos evidencian poca sistematicidad en la evaluación de impacto social, lo que da al traste con la transformación social que se pretende. Debido a esto, se considera necesaria la superación de los profesionales que, desde las universidades cubanas, gestionan proyectos. Objetivo: Proponer un entrenamiento para el desarrollo de competencias en evaluación de impacto social para gestores de proyectos de las universidades cubanas. Materiales y métodos: El diagnóstico realizado con métodos científicos teóricos y con la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a gestores de proyectos, y el análisis documental a proyectos en ejecución y a sus resultados, así como a los documentos rectores del posgrado en Cuba, permitieron conformar la propuesta de entrenamiento que se presenta. Resultados: Se identificó un nivel bajo de conocimientos y habilidades en evaluación de impacto social de los proyectos, y una alta disposición hacia la superación profesional en el tema. Esto conduce a la propuesta de un entrenamiento que consta de acciones para el desarrollo de competencias en los gestores de proyecto. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento que se propone resulta una vía esencial para atender demandas y necesidades de superación profesional en torno a conocimientos, habilidades y valores, para la evaluación de impacto social por gestores de proyectos de las universidades cubanas.

Introduction: The current Cuban techno-scientific context promotes projects of science, technology and innovation, which contribute to the progress of the model of socialist social economic development the country proposes. But, in practice, these projects show little systematicity in the social impact assessment, which ruins the social transformation that is pretended. Due to this, it is considered necessary the upgrading of the professionals who manage projects of Cuban universities. Objective: To propose training for the development of skills in social impact assessment for project managers of Cuban universities. Materials and methods: The diagnosis, carried out with scientific-theoretical methods, and with the application of inquiries and interviews to project managers, and the documentary analysis of projects in execution and their results, as well as of leading documents of post-graduate studies in Cuba, allowed to elaborate the training proposal presented. Results: A low level of knowledge and skills in the social impact assessment of the projects and a high disposition towards professional upgrading on the topic were identified. This leads to the proposal of a training that consists on actions for the development of skills in project managers. Conclusions: The training proposed results an essential way to meet demands and needs of professional upgrading regarding knowledge, skills and values, for the assessment of the social impact by project managers of Cuban universities.

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the preventive services for cervical cancer (CC) control programs in Mexico, which will result in increased mortality. This study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on the interruption of three preventive actions in the CC prevention program in Mexico. Methods: This study is a retrospective time series analysis based on administrative records for the uninsured population served by the Mexican Ministry of Health. Patient data were retrieved from the outpatient service information system and the hospital discharge database for the period 2017-2021. Data were aggregated by month, distinguishing a pre-pandemic and a pandemic period, considering April 2020 as the start date of the pandemic. A Poisson time series analysis was used to model seasonal and secular trends. Five process indicators were selected to assess the disruption of the CC program, these were analyzed as monthly data (N=39 pre-pandemic, N=21 during the pandemic). HPV vaccination indicators (number of doses and coverage) and diagnostic characteristics of CC cases were analyzed descriptively. The time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment initiation in CC cases was modeled using restricted cubic splines from robust regression. Results: Annual HPV vaccination coverage declined dramatically after 2019 and was almost null in 2021. The number of positive Papanicolaou smears decreased by 67.8% (90%CI: -72.3, -61.7) in April-December 2020, compared to their expected values without the pandemic. The immediate pandemic shock (April 2020) in the number of first-time and recurrent colposcopies was -80.5% (95%CI:-83.5, -77.0) and -77.9% (95%CI: -81.0, -74.4), respectively. An increasing trend was observed in the proportion of advanced stage and metastatic CC cases. The fraction of CC cases that did not receive medical treatment or surgery increased, as well as CC cases that received late treatment after diagnosis. Conclusions: Our analyses show significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic with declines at all levels of CC prevention and increasing inequalities. The restarting of the preventive programs against CC in Mexico offers an opportunity to put in place actions to reduce the disparities in the burden of disease between socioeconomic levels.

Effects of a Multi-Professional Intervention on Mental Health of Middle-Aged Overweight Survivors of COVID-19: A Clinical Trial.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-professional intervention model on the mental health of middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. A clinical trial study with parallel groups and repeated measures was conducted. For eight weeks, multi-professional interventions were conducted (psychoeducation, nutritional intervention, and physical exercises). One hundred and thirty-five overweight or obese patients aged 46.46 ± 12.77 years were distributed into four experimental groups: mild, moderate, severe COVID, and control group. The instruments were used: mental health continuum-MHC, revised impact scale-IES-r, generalized anxiety disorder-GAD-7, and Patient health questionnaire PHQ-9, before and after eight weeks. The main results indicated only a time effect, with a significant increase in global MHC scores, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being, as well as detected a significant reduction in global IES-R scores, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, in addition to a reduction in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was possible to identify those psychoeducational interventions that effectively reduced anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of symptomatology, in addition to the control group. However, moderate and severe post-COVID-19 patients need to be monitored continuously since the results of these groups did not follow the response pattern of the mild and control groups.

A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies.

Currently, water pollution represents a serious environmental threat, causing an impact not only to fauna and flora but also to human health. Among these pollutants, inorganic and organic pollutants are predominantly important representing high toxicity and persistence and being difficult to treat using current methodologies. For this reason, several research groups are searching for strategies to detect and remedy contaminated water bodies and effluents. Due to the above, a current review of the state of the situation has been carried out. The results obtained show that in the American continent a high diversity of contaminants is present in the water bodies affecting several aspects, in which in some cases, there exists alternatives to realize the remediation of contaminated water. It is concluded that the actual challenge is to establish sanitation measures at the local level based on the specific needs of the geographical area of interest. Therefore, water treatment plants must be designed according to the contaminants present in the water of the region and tailored to the needs of the population of interest.

COVID-19 en Chile: análisis de su impacto por olas y regiones / The impact of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Chile across regions

BACKGROUND: The effects of COVID-19 in Chile changed over time and among regions. Aim: To identify patterns in the impact and evolution of COVID-19 for each wave generated between 2020 and 2022 at the 16 regions of the country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Several indicators related to the pandemic, their evolution and their consequences for the health system and the health of the population were calculated. RESULTS: There are differences in the evolution of the infection across the regions of the country, as well as heterogeneity between waves. Specifically, the second wave in Chile was identified as the one with the greatest impact, with a national death rate of 123.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants and 66.4% intensive care unit occupancy rate due to COVID-19. Performing a geographic analysis, it was possible to find systematic patterns, for example, between regions with higher immunization rates and lower rates of lethality, such as the cases of Ñuble and Atacama regions. Conclusions: These results emphasize the need to consider regional differences and the temporal context for the elaboration of strategies to the efficient management of a pandemic.

Factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en preescolares de una comunidad andina / Factors associated with oral health related-quality of life in preschoolers from an Andean community

Objective : To analyze the oral health status and its relationship with the quality of life of Andean children of the community of Paucarbamba in Huancavelica, Peru. Material and Methods : The observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 120 children aged 3-5 years. Early childhood caries was considered using the dmft index. In addition, presence and type of malocclusion were assessed. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were conducted to identify the factors that most explained the ECOHIS score. Results : Multiple linear regression by least squares method did not consider gender, age, malocclusion, and simplified oral hygiene index as significant. This analysis only included dmft index as significant (p<0.05) to explicate the ECOHIS score. The estimated regression model was ECOHIS score = 11.67 + 0.79*dmft, in which the score increased by 0,79 for each unit obtained of the dmft index, and the dmft in a R2 = 30% (p<0.001) explained the variability of the ECOHIS score achieved. Conclusions : There is a negative impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschool children and their families in an Andean community in Paucarbamba, Peru.

Objetivo : Analizar el estado de salud bucal y su relación con la calidad de vida de los preescolares de una comunidad andina y vulnerable del Perú. Material y Métodos : El estudio observacional, correlacional y transversal se realizó en una muestra de 120 niños de 3 a 5 años. La caries de la primera infancia se determinó mediante el índice ceod. También se consideró la presencia y el tipo de maloclusión. El cuestionario Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) midió la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal. Los factores y variables orales se analizaron de manera univariada y bivariada. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal para identificar los factores y en qué medida explicaban la puntuación del cuestionario. Resultados : El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple por el método de mínimos cuadrados solo incluyó como significativa (p <0,05) la contribución de ceod para explicar la puntuación del cuestionario, dejando de lado variables como el sexo, la edad, la maloclusión y el índice de higiene bucal simplificado. El modelo de regresión estimado fue Puntuación del Cuestionario = 11,67 + 0,79*ceod, donde la puntuación del cuestionario aumentó en 0,79 por cada unidad ganada de ceod, y la variabilidad de las puntuaciones obtenidas se explica por el ceod en un R2 = 30% (p<0,001). Conclusiones : Existe un impacto de la caries dental en la calidad de vida de los preescolares de uma comunidade andina del Perú y sus familias.

Effect of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) on health indicators: climate change scenarios in a Brazilian metropolis.

Recife is recognized as the 16th most vulnerable city to climate change in the world. In addition, the city has levels of air pollutants above the new limits proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021. In this sense, the present study had two main objectives: (1) To evaluate the health (and economic) benefits related to the reduction in mean annual concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 considering the new limits recommended by the WHO: 15 µg/m3 (PM10) and 5 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and (2) To simulate the behavior of these pollutants in scenarios with increased temperature (2 and 4 °C) using machine learning. The averages of PM2.5 and PM10 were above the limits recommended by the WHO. The scenario simulating the reduction in these pollutants below the new WHO limits would avoid more than 130 deaths and 84 hospital admissions for respiratory or cardiovascular problems. This represents a gain of 15.2 months in life expectancy and a cost of almost 160 million dollars. Regarding the simulated temperature increase, the most conservative (+ 2 °C) and most drastic (+ 4 °C) scenarios predict an increase of approximately 6.5 and 15%, respectively, in the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, with a progressive increase in deaths attributed to air pollution. The study shows that the increase in temperature will have impacts on air particulate matter and health outcomes. Climate change mitigation and pollution control policies must be implemented for meeting new WHO air quality standards which may have health benefits.

Dance sports influence female university students' physical health in ethnic universities / Influência da dança esportiva sobre a saúde física das universitárias em universidades étnicas / Influencia de la danza deportiva en la salud física de las estudiantes en universitarias étnicas

ABSTRACT Introduction Ensuring healthy growth with high cultural quality in the population is an important part of Chinese revitalization. University students, as a group of high cultural quality, have the mission and responsibility entrusted by the state and the people. It is believed that these goals can be achieved by using sports dance, which has a wide range and high demands; dancers should have motor skills, physical qualities, understanding of the art of dress, and psychological balance as basic requirements. Objective To test and evaluate whether sports dance activities in physical education students are conducive to promoting students' healthy physical development. Methods This paper examines the influence of teaching sports dance on the physical health of female college students in Ethnic Colleges and its countermeasures. It also discusses the strategies for teaching sports dance to provide viable suggestions for follow-up dance instruction. Conclusion The combination of sports and femininity in exercise has a good fitness effect, improves the artistic feelings of college women, and is conducive to the healthy development of the physical quality of college women. Level of evidence III; Analysis based on alternatives and limited costs.

RESUMO Introdução Garantir o crescimento saudável com alta qualidade cultural na população é parte importante da revitalização chinesa. Estudantes universitários, como um grupo de alta qualidade cultural, possuem a missão e responsabilidade confiada pelo Estado e pelo povo. Acredita-se que essas metas possam ser alcançadas utilizando a dança esportiva, que tem um vasto leque e altas exigências nesse sentido, os dançarinos devem ter habilidades motoras, qualidades físicas, compreensão na arte de vestuário e equilíbrio psicológico, como requisitos básicos. Objetivo Testar e avaliar se as atividades de dança esportiva nos alunos de educação física são propícias na promoção do desenvolvimento físico saudável dos alunos. Métodos Este artigo analisa a influência do ensino de dança esportiva sobre a saúde física de universitárias em Faculdades Étnicas e suas contramedidas. Também se discute as estratégias de ensino da dança esportiva, a fim de fornecer sugestões viáveis para o ensino de dança de acompanhamento. Conclusão A combinação de esportes e feminilidade no exercício tem um bom efeito de aptidão física, melhora os sentimentos artísticos das universitárias e é propício ao desenvolvimento saudável da qualidade física das Universitárias. Nível de evidência III; Análises baseadas em alternativas e custos limitados.

RESUMEN Introducción Garantizar un crecimiento saludable con una alta calidad cultural en la población es una parte importante de la revitalización de China. Los universitarios, como grupo de alta calidad cultural, tienen la misión y la responsabilidad encomendadas por el Estado y el pueblo. Se cree que estos objetivos pueden alcanzarse mediante el uso de la danza deportiva, que tiene una amplia gama y altas exigencias en este sentido, los bailarines deben tener habilidades motoras, cualidades físicas, la comprensión en el arte de vestir y el equilibrio psicológico como requisitos básicos. Objetivo Comprobar y evaluar si las actividades de danza deportiva en los estudiantes de educación física favorecen el desarrollo físico saludable de los alumnos. Métodos Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la enseñanza de la danza deportiva en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias de los colegios étnicos y sus contramedidas. También se analizan las estrategias de enseñanza de la danza deportiva con el fin de ofrecer sugerencias viables para el seguimiento de la enseñanza de la danza. Conclusión La combinación de deporte y feminidad en el ejercicio tiene un buen efecto de aptitud física, mejora los sentimientos artísticos de las universitarias y favorece el desarrollo saludable de la calidad física de las universitarias. Nivel de evidencia III; análisis basado en alternativas y costes limitados.

Traditional national sports' injuries in college students / Lesões esportivas de esportes nacionais tradicionais em estudantes universitários / Lesiones deportivas en deportes nacionales tradicionales en estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are 56 ethnic groups in China. Many ethnic groups have their sports, which can cause sports injuries to the human body. Objective: This paper analyzes the impact of national sports on college students' physical health, investigates the most common sports injuries in college students, and specifies scientifically-based prevention and intervention measures. Methods: 312 college students who regularly participate in various national sporting events at 10 colleges and universities volunteered to investigate common injuries sustained by participating in national sporting activities. The main injury factors were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The investigation shows that college students' errors of judgment regarding accidents, risky behaviors, and poor sports facilities are the main causes of sports injuries. Injuries are mainly concentrated in the lower limbs and pelvic girdle. Conclusion: College students' participation in national sports activities is conducive to improving their physical and mental health. However, attention to preventing injury factors in the sports process is needed to ensure safe and healthy participation in national sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Existem 56 grupos étnicos na China. Muitos grupos étnicos têm os seus próprios esportes, que podem causar lesões esportivas no corpo humano. Objetivo: Este artigo analisa o impacto dos esportes nacionais na saúde física dos estudantes universitários, investiga as lesões esportivas mais comuns nos estudantes universitários praticantes, além de especificar medidas de prevenção e intervenção com embasamento científico. Métodos: 312 estudantes universitários que participam regularmente em vários eventos esportivos nacionais em 10 faculdades e universidades foram voluntários de uma investigação sobre as lesões esportivas comuns sofridas no processo de participação em atividades esportivas nacionais. Analisou-se os principais fatores de lesão utilizando métodos estatísticos. Resultados: A investigação mostra que os erros de julgamento dos estudantes universitários quanto a acidentes, comportamentos de risco e instalações esportivas deficitárias são as principais causas de lesões esportivas. As lesões concentram-se principalmente nos membros inferiores e na cintura pélvica. Conclusão: A participação dos estudantes universitários em atividades esportivas nacionais é propícia à melhoria da sua saúde física e mental, porém é necessária uma atenção quanto à prevenção de fatores de lesão no processo esportivo para garantir uma participação segura e saudável nos esportes nacionais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En China hay 56 grupos étnicos. Muchos grupos étnicos tienen sus propios deportes, que pueden causar lesiones deportivas en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo: Este artículo analiza el impacto del deporte nacional en la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, investiga las lesiones deportivas más comunes en los estudiantes universitarios y especifica las medidas de prevención e intervención con base científica. Métodos: 312 estudiantes universitarios que participan regularmente en diversos eventos deportivos nacionales en 10 colegios y universidades se ofrecieron como voluntarios para una investigación de las lesiones deportivas comunes sufridas en el proceso de participación en actividades deportivas nacionales. Los principales factores de lesión se analizaron mediante métodos estadísticos. Resultados: La investigación demuestra que los errores de apreciación de los estudiantes universitarios en relación con los accidentes, los comportamientos de riesgo y las malas instalaciones deportivas son las principales causas de las lesiones deportivas. Las lesiones se concentran principalmente en los miembros inferiores y la cintura pélvica. Conclusión: La participación de los estudiantes universitarios en actividades deportivas nacionales favorece la mejora de su salud física y mental, pero es necesario prestar atención a la prevención de los factores de lesión en el proceso deportivo para garantizar una participación segura y saludable en los deportes nacionales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Modelo bayesiano de series temporales estructurales. Aproximación a la evaluación de impacto de VA-MENGOC-BC®

Introducción: Una nueva intervención de salud pública, como la introducción de una vacuna, implica el monitoreo de indicadores que aseguren una intervención efectiva, y que exista la posibilidad de cuantificar sus beneficios. Obtener estimaciones precisas del impacto de una intervención de salud se considera un desafío importante. Objetivos: Estimar el impacto causal de uno de los productos líderes del Instituto Finlay de La Habana: la vacuna cubana registrada y comercializada VA-MENGOC-BC®. Métodos: Se seleccionaron datos en los anuarios estadísticos de salud desde 2009 hasta 2017. Se usaron como variable de interés, la tasa de incidencia de la enfermedad meningocócica en Cuba ( 100 000 habitantes y un conjunto de covariables que no se afectaron por la intervención: tasas de incidencia de fiebre tifoidea, de incidencia de tuberculosis, de mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas (parasitarias e intestinales) todas ( 100 000 habitantes. Se consideró 1989 como año de la intervención. Se aplicó el método bayesiano de series temporales estructurales, que evaluó el impacto causal de la vacunación sostenida con VA-MENGOC-BC® desde 1989 hasta el presente. Resultados: Se estimó un impacto causal acumulativo significativo en la reducción de la incidencia de la enfermedad meningocócica. Se verificó que se produjo una disminución de la enfermedad en 97,2 %. Conclusiones: La aplicación del método de series de tiempo estructural bayesina para estimar el impacto de la vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC®, constituyó una herramienta novedosa para evaluar el contrafactual. Se proporcionó una apreciación del impacto de la vacunación con VA-MENGOC-BC®, una vacuna implementada y reconocida a nivel mundial.

Introduction: A new public health intervention, such as the introduction of a vaccine, implies monitoring the indicators that guarantee its effectiveness, and the possibility of quantifying its benefits. Obtaining accurate estimates of the impact of a health intervention is considered a major challenge. Objective: To estimate the causal impact of one of the leading products of the Finlay Institute in Havana: the registered and marketed Cuban vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC®. Methods: Data from the health statistics yearbooks from 2009 to 2017 were selected. The incidence rate of the meningococcal disease in Cuba per 100 000 population and a set of co-variables that were not affected by the intervention, such as incidence rate of typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and fatality cases due to infectious diseases (parasitic or intestinal) per 100 000 population were used as variables of interest. The intervention year was 1989. The Bayesian structural time series model was applied to evaluate the causal impact of the continued vaccination with VA-MENGOC-BC® from 1989 to date. Results: A significant cumulative causal impact in reducing the incidence of meningococcal disease was estimated. A decrease of 97.2% in the disease was verified. Conclusions: The application of the Bayesian structural time series model to estimate the impact of the vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC® was a novel tool to estimate the counterfactual. It was provided an estimate of the impact of the vaccination with VA-MENGOC-BC®, an implemented and globally well-known vaccine.