Application of enhanced recovery after surgery for oral dryness prevention after endoscopic sinus surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of cluster nursing intervention based on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for xerostomia in chronic rhinosinusitis after nasal endoscopic surgery. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent functional nasal endoscopic surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 40) and an experimental group (n = 40). Patients in the control group were treated with general nursing, while ERAS-based cluster nursing intervention was adopted for the experimental group, in addition to general nursing. Xerostomia stage and comfort level were observed at 2 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery; negative emotions before and after nursing were also observed. RESULTS: After the intervention, the xerostomia stage and comfort level at 6, 24 and 48 after surgery were higher in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Negative emotions in the experimental group were lower after nursing (p < 0.001). The self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale scores increased after nursing in both two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Enhanced recovery after surgery-based cluster nursing intervention can alleviate xerostomia, improve patients' comfort levels, reduce their negative emotions and accelerate postoperative recovery.

Morbidity in the postoperative follow-up of endoscopic anterior skull base surgery / Fatores relacionados à morbidade no seguimento pós-operatório da cirurgia endoscópica de base de crânio anterior

Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic access to the sellar region by videoendoscopy shows a low rate of surgical complications, with findings that indicate risk factors for reducing morbidities during and after the postoperative period. Objective: To evaluate, over a nine-year period, the acquisition of skills by the anterior skull base surgical team, according to the time of elimination of nasal crusts and/or the presence of morbidities in the postoperative follow-up of individuals treated in a tertiary public hospital. Methods: After confirming the diagnosis of skull base pathologies, the individuals in this study underwent endoscopic surgery according to the rostrocaudal or coronal axis. For the skull base reconstruction, the nasoseptal flap (associated or not with fascia lata with thigh fat) or free graft was used; clinical follow-up of individuals occurred for a minimum period of 12 months. To assess the impact of the surgical approach on patient clinical evolution, qualitative data related to smoking, post-nasal discharge, nasal flow, smell, taste, clinical symptoms of headache, cranial paresthesia, comorbidities and postoperative morbidities were obtained. Results: The most frequent diagnosis was pituitary macroadenoma (84.14%). The mean absence of crusts in this cohort was 124.45 days (confidence interval 95% = 119.50-129.39). There was a low cerebrospinal fluid fistula rate (3%). Reconstruction with the nasoseptal flap with a fat graft was an independent variable that recorded the highest mean time for the elimination of nasal crusts (=145 days, confidence interval 95% = 127.32-162.68). Allergic rhinitis and smoking were shown to be the most important and independent variables that increased the mean time to eliminate nasal crusts. Conclusion: The mean time to eliminate nasal crusts did not change over the years during which the procedures were performed, demonstrating the adequate training of the surgical team. Debridement and nasal irrigation with saline solutions should be performed more frequently and effectively in patients with allergic rhinitis, smokers and those who received the nasoseptal flap and fascia lata graft with autologous fat.

Resumo Introdução: O acesso endoscópico à região selar por videoendoscopia demonstra baixo índice de complicações cirúrgicas, com achados que apontam fatores risco para reduzir as morbidades durante e após o período pósoperatório. Objetivo: Avaliar fatores morbidades no seguimento pós-operatório de indivíduos atendidos em um hospital público terciário. Método: Depois de confirmado o diagnóstico de doenças da base do crânio, os indivíduos deste estudo foram submetidos a cirurgia endoscópica conforme o eixo rostrocaudal ou coronal. Para a reconstrução da base do crânio usava-se o retalho nasoseptal (associado ou não à fáscia lata com gordura de coxa) ou enxerto livre; o seguimento clínico dos indivíduos ocorreu por um período mínimo de 12 meses. Para avaliar o impacto da abordagem cirúrgica na evolução clínica dos pacientes foram obtidos os dados qualitativos relativos ao tabagismo, descarga pós-nasal, fluxo nasal, olfato, paladar, sintomas clínicos de dor de cabeça, parestesia craniana, comorbidades e morbidades pós-operatórias. Resultados: O diagnóstico mais frequente foi o macroadenoma hipofisário (84,14%). A média da ausência de crostas nesta coorte foi de 124,45 dias (intervalo de confiança [95% CI] 119,50-129,39). Baixo índice de fístula liquórica (3%). A reconstrução com o retalho nasoseptal com enxerto de gordura apresentou-se com variável independente que necessitou de maior tempo médio para a eliminação de crostas nasais (=145 dias, 95% CI 127,32-162,68). A rinite alérgica e o tabagismo se demonstraram como as variáveis mais importantes e independentes para aumentar o tempo médio de eliminação de crostas nasais. Conclusão: O tempo médio de eliminação de crostas nasais não se alterou ao longo dos anos em que os procedimentos foram feitos. Deve-se fazer com maior frequência e eficácia o debridamento e as irrigações nasais com soluções salinas nos pacientes com rinite alérgica, tabagistas e os que usaram o retalho nasoseptal e enxerto de fáscia lata com gordura autóloga.

Morbidity in the postoperative follow-up of endoscopic anterior skull base surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic access to the sellar region by videoendoscopy shows a low rate of surgical complications, with findings that indicate risk factors for reducing morbidities during and after the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, over a nine-year period, the acquisition of skills by the anterior skull base surgical team, according to the time of elimination of nasal crusts and/or the presence of morbidities in the postoperative follow-up of individuals treated in a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: After confirming the diagnosis of skull base pathologies, the individuals in this study underwent endoscopic surgery according to the rostrocaudal or coronal axis. For the skull base reconstruction, the nasoseptal flap (associated or not with fascia lata with thigh fat) or free graft was used; clinical follow-up of individuals occurred for a minimum period of 12 months. To assess the impact of the surgical approach on patient clinical evolution, qualitative data related to smoking, post-nasal discharge, nasal flow, smell, taste, clinical symptoms of headache, cranial paresthesia, comorbidities and postoperative morbidities were obtained. RESULTS: The most frequent diagnosis was pituitary macroadenoma (84.14%). The mean absence of crusts in this cohort was 124.45 days (confidence interval 95%=119.50-129.39). There was a low cerebrospinal fluid fistula rate (3%). Reconstruction with the nasoseptal flap with a fat graft was an independent variable that recorded the highest mean time for the elimination of nasal crusts (=145 days, confidence interval 95%=127.32-162.68). Allergic rhinitis and smoking were shown to be the most important and independent variables that increased the mean time to eliminate nasal crusts. CONCLUSION: The mean time to eliminate nasal crusts did not change over the years during which the procedures were performed, demonstrating the adequate training of the surgical team. Debridement and nasal irrigation with saline solutions should be performed more frequently and effectively in patients with allergic rhinitis, smokers and those who received the nasoseptal flap and fascia lata graft with autologous fat.

Manejo de epistaxis posterior en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2013 y 2016 / Treatment of posterior epistaxis in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between the years 2013 and 2016

Introducción: La epistaxis corresponde a una de las causas más frecuentes de consulta otorrinolaringológica en los servicios de urgencia. La epistaxis posterior es menos frecuente pero su presentación más severa. Existen varias alternativas terapéuticas, en las últimas décadas el manejo quirúrgico endoscópico de la arteria esfenopalatina (AEP) ha ido en aumento dado las ventajas en comodidad para el paciente y reducción de costos asociados. Objetivo: Revisar el manejo realizado en los cuadros de epistaxis posterior en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Material y método: Estudio descriptivo en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del HCUCh de pacientes que presentaron epistaxis posterior entre el año 2013 y 2016. Resultados: Se revisó un total de 33 casos. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 61,6 años siendo las comorbilidades más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial (36,3%) y fibrilación auricular (18,1%). Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico en 57,6% de los pacientes siendo el clipaje de AEP la intervención quirúrgica más frecuente. Discusión y conclusiones: Tanto el manejo tradicional como las técnicas quirúrgicas presentaron eficacia similar en la serie revisada.

Introduction: Epistaxis corresponds to one of the most frequent causes of otorhinolaryngological consultation in the emergency services. Posterior epistaxis is less frequent but more severe. There are several therapeutic alternatives, in recent decades the surgical endoscopic management of the sphenopalatine artery (AEP) has been increasing given the advantages in comfort for the patient and reduction of associated costs. Aim: To review the management of posterior epistaxis in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile (HCUCh). Material and method: Descriptive study in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the HCUCh of patients who presented posterior epistaxis between the years 2013 and 2016. Results: A total of 33 cases were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 61.6 years, with the most frequent comorbidities being hypertension (36.3%) and atrial fibrillation (18.1%). Surgical treatment was performed in 57.6% of the patients, with AEP clipping being the most frequent surgical intervention. Conclusion: Both traditional management and surgical techniques presented similar efficacy in the revised series.

Manejo de la rinosinusitis crónica en pacientes con fibrosis quística / Management of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis

La rinosinusitis crónica es una patología que se presenta en pacientes con fibrosis quística y se asocia a la expresión de numerosos genes que determinan una alteración en la secreción de cloro del canal CFTR e hiperplasia de las glándulas submucosas del epitelio sinusal. En este artículo se efectúa una revisión acerca de las indicaciones y distintas alternativas de cirugía endoscópica nasal para la rinosinusitis crónica en pacientes con fibrosis quística. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en PubMed, la biblioteca de Cochrane y en SciELO con fecha de publicación hasta el año 2014, en los que se trata específicamente la rinosinusitis crónica asociada a fibrosis quística.

Chronic sinusitis is a condition that occurs in patients with cystic fibrosis and is associated with the expression of numerous genes that determine an alteration in the secretion of chloride channel CFTR and hyperplasia of submucosal glands sinus epithelium. This article reviews about the indications and alternatives of endoscopic nasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SciELO with a publication date until 2014, specifically chronic rhinosinusitis associated with cystic fibrosis.