[Ranking of immunization programs in Latin America, 2020Ranking dos programas de vacinação na América Latina, 2020]. / Ranking de los programas de vacunación en América Latina, 2020.

Objective: Construct a ranking of national immunization programs in Latin America in 2020 and compare it with the previous year. Methods: Eighteen national immunization programs were evaluated on the basis of public information obtained from official sites of the countries' ministries of health, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and local sources. The ranking was based on the 2020 vaccination schedule for different life stages, special situations, vaccination against influenza, 2019 vaccination coverage, and programmatic aspects. Results: Vaccination coverage decreased in most countries. The average regional declined in 2020, as did the scores for most countries, except Chile and Colombia. Chile leads the ranking, followed by Uruguay, Panama, and Costa Rica. Chile stands out for its full calendar, higher vaccination coverage rates, and programmatic achievements. Conclusions: The lower overall score in 2020 highlights the need to recover the Region's vaccination coverage rates. This analysis seeks to motivate countries to address pending challenges.

Objetivo: Construir e comparar o ranking dos programas nacionais de imunização (PNIs) na América Latina em 2020 com o ano anterior. Métodos: Foram avaliados 18 PNIs com base em informações públicas obtidas de sites oficiais dos ministérios da Saúde dos países, da Organização Mundial da Saúde, da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância e de fontes locais. O ranking foi compilado com base no calendário de vacinação de 2020 para diferentes fases da vida, situações especiais, vacinação contra a gripe, cobertura vacinal (CV) de 2019 e aspectos programáticos. Resultados: As CVs diminuíram na maioria dos países. A pontuação média regional e a pontuação da maioria dos países também caíram em 2020, exceto no Chile e na Colômbia. O Chile lidera o ranking, seguido do Uruguai, do Panamá e da Costa Rica, e se destaca por ter um calendário completo, maiores CVs e êxitos programáticos. Conclusões: A pontuação global mais baixa em 2020 destaca a necessidade de recuperar a CV da região. Esta análise busca motivar os países a enfrentar os desafios pendentes.

Ranking de los programas de vacunación en América Latina, 2020 / Ranking of immunization programs in Latin America, 2020 / Ranking dos programas de vacinação na América Latina, 2020

RESUMEN Objetivo. Construir y comparar el ranking de los programas nacionales de inmunizaciones (PNI) de América Latina del año 2020 con el año anterior. Métodos. Se evaluaron 18 PNI con base en la información pública obtenida de sitios oficiales de los ministerios de salud de los países, la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia y referentes locales. El ranking se elaboró con base en el calendario de vacunación del año 2020 en distintas etapas de la vida, situaciones especiales, vacunación antigripal, coberturas vacunales (CV) del 2019 y aspectos programáticos. Resultados. Las CV disminuyeron en la mayoría de los países. El puntaje promedio regional y de la mayoría de los países también bajó en el 2020 excepto en Chile y Colombia. Chile lidera el ranking, seguido por Uruguay, Panamá y Costa Rica, y se destaca por su calendario completo, mayores CV y logros programáticos. Conclusiones. El menor puntaje global del 2020 resalta que es necesario recuperar la CV en la Región. Este análisis busca motivar a los países a abordar los desafíos pendientes.

ABSTRACT Objective. Construct a ranking of national immunization programs in Latin America in 2020 and compare it with the previous year. Methods. Eighteen national immunization programs were evaluated on the basis of public information obtained from official sites of the countries' ministries of health, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and local sources. The ranking was based on the 2020 vaccination schedule for different life stages, special situations, vaccination against influenza, 2019 vaccination coverage, and programmatic aspects. Results. Vaccination coverage decreased in most countries. The average regional declined in 2020, as did the scores for most countries, except Chile and Colombia. Chile leads the ranking, followed by Uruguay, Panama, and Costa Rica. Chile stands out for its full calendar, higher vaccination coverage rates, and programmatic achievements. Conclusions. The lower overall score in 2020 highlights the need to recover the Region's vaccination coverage rates. This analysis seeks to motivate countries to address pending challenges.

RESUMO Objetivo. Construir e comparar o ranking dos programas nacionais de imunização (PNIs) na América Latina em 2020 com o ano anterior. Métodos. Foram avaliados 18 PNIs com base em informações públicas obtidas de sites oficiais dos ministérios da Saúde dos países, da Organização Mundial da Saúde, da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância e de fontes locais. O ranking foi compilado com base no calendário de vacinação de 2020 para diferentes fases da vida, situações especiais, vacinação contra a gripe, cobertura vacinal (CV) de 2019 e aspectos programáticos. Resultados. As CVs diminuíram na maioria dos países. A pontuação média regional e a pontuação da maioria dos países também caíram em 2020, exceto no Chile e na Colômbia. O Chile lidera o ranking, seguido do Uruguai, do Panamá e da Costa Rica, e se destaca por ter um calendário completo, maiores CVs e êxitos programáticos. Conclusões. A pontuação global mais baixa em 2020 destaca a necessidade de recuperar a CV da região. Esta análise busca motivar os países a enfrentar os desafios pendentes.

Trend of incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death in Brazil, 2020-2022 / Tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, 2020-2022

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the incompleteness and trend of incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death, in Brazil, between April 2020 and April 2022. METHODS Ecological time series study on the incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death in Brazil, its macro-regions and Federative Units (FU), by joinpoint regression, calculation of Monthly Percent Change (MPC) and Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). RESULTS The incompleteness of the race/color variable in COVID-19 hospitalizations with a death outcome in Brazil was 25.85%, considered poor. All regions of the country had a poor degree of incompleteness, except for the South, which was considered regular. In the period analyzed, the joinpoint analysis revealed a stable trend in the incompleteness of the race/color variable in Brazil (AMPC = 0.54; 95%CI: -0.64 to 1.74; p = 0.37) and in the Southeast (AMPC = -0.61; 95%CI: -3.36 to 2.22; p = 0.67) and North (AMPC = 3.74; 95%CI: -0.14 to 7.78; p = 0.06) regions. The South (AMPC = 5.49; 95%CI: 2.94 to 8.11; p = 0.00002) and Northeast (AMP = 2.50; 95%CI: 0.77 to 4.25; p = 0.005) regions showed an increase in the incompleteness trend, while the Midwest (AMPC = -2.91 ; 95%CI: -5.26 to -0.51; p = 0.02) showed a downward trend. CONCLUSION The proportion of poor completeness and the stable trend of incompleteness show that there was no improvement in the quality of filling in the race/color variable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, a fact that may have increased health inequalities for the black population and made it difficult to plan strategic actions for this population, considering the pandemic context. The results found reinforce the need to encourage discussion on the subject, given that the incompleteness of health information systems increases inequalities in access to health services and compromises the quality of health data.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a incompletude e a tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito, no Brasil, no período entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2022. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades Federativas (UF), pela regressão por joinpoint, cálculo da Monthly Percent Change (MPC) e Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). RESULTADOS A incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil foi 25,85%, considerada ruim. Todas as regiões do país tiveram grau de incompletude ruim, exceto a Região Sul, considerada regular. No período analisado, a análise jointpoint revelou tendência de estabilidade na incompletude da variável raça/cor no Brasil (AMPC = 0,54; IC95% -0,64 a 1,74; p = 0,37) e nas regiões Sudeste (AMPC = -0,61; IC95% -3,36 a 2,22; p = 0,67) e Norte (AMPC = 3,74; IC95% -0,14 a 7,78; p = 0,06). As regiões Sul (AMPC = 5,49; IC95% 2,94 a 8,11; p = 0,00002) e Nordeste (AMPC = 2,50; IC95% 0,77 a 4,25;p = 0,005) apresentaram crescimento na tendência da incompletude, enquanto a Região Centro-Oeste (AMPC = -2,91; IC95% -5,26 a -0,51; p = 0,02) teve tendência de redução. CONCLUSÃO A proporção de preenchimento ruim e a tendência de estabilidade da incompletude revelam que não houve melhoria na qualidade de preenchimento da variável raça/cor durante o período da pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil, fato que pode ter ampliado as iniquidades em saúde para população negra e dificultado o planejamento de ações estratégias para essa população, considerando o contexto pandêmico. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, tendo em vista que a incompletude dos sistemas de informação em saúde amplia desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e compromete a qualidade dos dados em saúde.

Field Campaign Evaluation of Sensors Lufft GMX500 and MaxiMet WS100 in Peruvian Central Andes.

The research presents the inter-comparison of atmospheric variables measured by 9 automatic weather stations. This set of data was compared with the measurements of other weather stations in order to standardize the values that must be adjusted when taken to different areas. The data of a set of a total of 9 GMX500, which measures conventional meteorological variables, and 10 WS100 sensors, which measures precipitation parameters. The automatic stations were set up at the Huancayo Observatory (Geophysical Institute of Peru) for a period of 5 months. The data set of GMX500 were evaluated comparing with the average of the 9 sensors and the WS100 was compared with an optical disdrometer Parsivel2. The temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall rate, and drop size distribution were evaluated. A pair of GMX500 sensors presented high data dispersion; it was found found that the errors came from a bad configuration; once this problem was solved, good agreement was archived, with low RMSE and high correlation. It was found that the WS100 sensors overestimate the precipitation with a percentage bias close to 100% and the differences increase with the greater intensity of rain. The drop size distribution retrieved by WS100 have unrealistic behavior with higher concentrations in diameters of 1 mm and 5 mm, in addition to a flattened curve.

Observatorios sociales nacionales y regional de tuberculosis en ocho países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe / National and regional social observatories of tuberculosis in eight countries in Latin America and the Caribbean / Observatórios sociais nacionais e regional de tuberculose em oito países da América Latina e do Caribe

RESUMEN Poner fin a la tuberculosis (TB) requiere de un enfoque y participación multisectorial, incluyendo a la sociedad civil organizada. Entonces con el apoyo de un proyecto regional financiado por el Fondo Mundial (OBSERVA TB), desde el año 2019 se conformaron observatorios sociales de tuberculosis en 8 países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe (LAC) (Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, México, Perú y República Dominicana) y un Observatorio Social Regional de TB, como expresión de la implementación del enfoque ENGAGE-TB impulsado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Este artículo presenta el modelo de implementación, los avances y los desafíos de los observatorios sociales de tuberculosis. A diciembre de 2021, se incluyeron 135 organizaciones de la sociedad civil de LAC en los 8 observatorios implementados, espacios que sirven como plataformas para la vigilancia social, la incidencia política y el monitoreo social de las respuestas nacionales contra la TB, además de contribuir a los indicadores del ENGAGE-TB relacionados a la detección de casos TB y a los apoyos durante el tratamiento. Por ello, recomendamos la consolidación y expansión de los observatorios existentes, así como la participación de otros países de la región LAC.

ABSTRACT Ending tuberculosis (TB) requires a multisectoral approach, including participation from organized civil society. With the support of a regional project (OBSERVA TB) financed by the Global Fund, TB social observatories have been created since 2019 in eight countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, and Peru), as well as a regional TB social observatory, as part of implementation of the ENGAGE-TB approach promoted by the World Health Organization. This article presents the implementation model, advances, and challenges of TB social observatories. As of December 2021, 135 civil society organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean were included in the eight observatories. These are spaces that serve as platforms for social surveillance, policy advocacy, and social monitoring of national TB responses, in addition to contributing to ENGAGE-TB indicators related to TB case detection and support during treatment. It is recommended to consolidate and expand the existing observatories, with the participation of other countries in the LAC region.

RESUMO Acabar com a tuberculose (TB) requer uma abordagem e participação multissetoriais, que incluam a sociedade civil organizada. Com o apoio de um projeto regional financiado pelo Fundo Global (OBSERVA TB), desde 2019 foram formados observatórios sociais de tuberculose em 8 países da América Latina e do Caribe (ALC) - Bolívia, Colômbia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, México, Peru e República Dominicana - e um observatório social regional de TB, como expressão da implementação do enfoque ENGAGE-TB promovido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Este artigo apresenta o modelo de implementação, os avanços e os desafios dos observatórios sociais de tuberculose. Até dezembro de 2021, 135 organizações da sociedade civil da ALC haviam sido incluídas nos 8 observatórios implementados - espaços que servem como plataformas de vigilância social, incidência política e monitoramento social das respostas nacionais contra a TB, além de contribuir com os indicadores do ENGAGE-TB relacionados à detecção de casos e suporte durante o tratamento. Portanto, recomendamos a consolidação e a ampliação dos observatórios existentes, bem como a participação de outros países da ALC.

Análisis temático desde el Observatorio Métrico de Coronavirus de las investigaciones publicadas en PubMed / Thematic analysis from the Coronavirus Metric Observatory of the research published in PubMed

La experiencia científica de los últimos meses contra la pandemia de la COVID-19 muestra una celeridad nunca vista, así mismo, es inédita la velocidad en la publicación de los resultados de tales investigaciones. El contexto revela la carrera sostenida que tiene la ciencia contra la expansión de este letal virus. En el presente estudio se documentan evidencias bibliográficas para reconocer a PubMed como uno de los principales recursos de información científica sobre medicina que existen en el mundo. Es una necesidad del gremio científico médico e investigativo en el contexto de la COVID-19 conocer las temáticas que abordan los principales artículos de la base de datos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el comportamiento temático de los artículos publicados por PubMed sobre coronavirus en el primer semestre del año 2020 utilizando como herramienta de análisis al Observatorio Métrico de Coronavirus de la Universidad de Pinar del Río. El interés científico del estudio se concentra en las variables materia, MeSH y palabras clave; las que son analizadas con diferentes técnicas métricas que facilitan la visualización e interpretación de los resultados. Se demostró que PubMed, entre los temas más recurrentes, ha socializado investigaciones en virología, microbiología, farmacéutica, medicina general integral y sus relaciones con la oncología, neurología, pediatría, psicología, psiquiatría, oftalmología, nutrición, telemedicina y dispositivos médicos(AU)

The scientific experience of recent months against the COVID-19 pandemic shows a speed never seen before, likewise, the speed in the publication of the results of such investigations is unprecedented. The context reveals the sustained race in science against the spread of this deadly virus. In this study, bibliographic evidence is documented to recognize PubMed as one of the main sources of scientific information on medicine that exist in the world. In the context of COVID-19, it is a necessity for the scientific, medical and research union to know the issues addressed by the main articles in the database. The objective of this research is to analyze the thematic behavior of the articles published by PubMed on coronavirus in the first half of 2020, using the Coronavirus Metric Observatory of the University of Pinar del Río as an analysis tool. The scientific interest of the study is concentrated in the variables subject, MeSH and keywords; those that are analyzed with different metric techniques that facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the results. It was shown that PubMed, among the most recurrent topics, has socialized research in virology, microbiology, pharmaceuticals, comprehensive general medicine and their relationships with oncology, neurology, pediatrics, psychology, psychiatry, ophthalmology, nutrition, telemedicine and medical devices(AU)

Factors associated with delays in time to treatment initiation in Colombian women with cervical cancer: A cross-sectional analysis.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity in upper-middle income countries such as Colombia. Several studies have reported poor prognosis when treatment is delayed. We aimed to describe the factors associated with delays in time to treatment initiation (TTI) in Colombian women with CC. Cross-sectional analysis including newly diagnosed cases of CC during 2018 and reported to the National Administrative Cancer Registry. TTI was defined as days from diagnosis to the first treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to analyze the association of interest. 1,249 new cases of CC were analyzed (26.98% in-situ and 40.11% locally advanced). The median age was 46 years (IQR: 36-58). Median TTI was 71 days (IQR: 42-105), varying from 70 days (IQR: 43-106) among the surgery group to 76 days (IQR: 41-118) in women under chemotherapy. Only 12.41% were treated within 30 days from diagnosis. TTI was significantly longer in women with state insurance (ß = 18.95 days, 95% CI: 11.77-26.13) compared with those insured by the third payer. Women from the Pacific and Eastern regions also had a significantly longer TTI than those living in the capital of Colombia. Age, health insurance, region of residence, and stage at diagnosis were associated with TTI longer than 45 days in the multinomial model. We concluded that demographic variables (age, region of residence, and health insurance) which are proxies of social disparities and poor access to quality health care services, were associated with delays in TTI.

Mapping, Infrastructure, and Data Analysis for the Brazilian Network of Rare Diseases: Protocol for the RARASnet Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: A rare disease is a medical condition with low prevalence in the general population, but these can collectively affect up to 10% of the population. Thus, rare diseases have a significant impact on the health care system, and health professionals must be familiar with their diagnosis, management, and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to provide health indicators regarding the rare diseases in Brazil and to create a network of reference centers with health professionals from different regions of the country. RARASnet proposes to map, analyze, and communicate all the data regarding the infrastructure of the centers and the patients' progress or needs. The focus of the proposed study is to provide all the technical infrastructure and analysis, following the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. METHODS: To build this digitized system, we will provide a security framework to assure the privacy and protection of each patient when collecting data. Systems development life cycle methodologies will also be applied to align software development, infrastructure operation, and quality assurance. After data collection of all information designed by the specialists, the computational analysis, modeling, and results will be communicated in scientific research papers and a digital health observatory. RESULTS: The project has several activities, and it is in an initial stage. Initially, a survey was given to all health care centers to understand the technical aspects of each network member, such as the existence of computers, technical support staff, and digitized systems. In this survey, we detected that 59% (23/39) of participating health units have electronic medical records, while 41% (16/39) have paper records. Therefore, we will have different strategies to access the data from each center in the data collection phase. Later, we will standardize and analyze the clinical and epidemiological data and use these data to develop a national network for monitoring rare diseases and a digital health observatory to make the information available. The project had its financing approved in December 2019. Retrospective data collection started in October 2020, and we expect to finish in January 2021. During the third quarter of 2020, we enrolled 40 health institutions from all regions of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The nature of rare disease diagnosis is complex and diverse, and many problems will be faced in the evolution of the project. However, decisions based on data analysis are the best option for the improvement of the rare disease network in Brazil. The creation of RARASnet, along with all the digitized infrastructure, can improve the accessibility of information and standardization of rare diseases in the country. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/24826.

Observatorio Métrico de Coronavirus de la Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba / Coronavirus Metric Observatory of the University of Pinar del Río, Cuba

El recurso más finito de un científico hoy es el tiempo. Un minuto sin una vacuna específica, un tratamiento adecuado o un protocolo seguro significa miles de muertes. A partir de esta necesidad, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las funcionalidades del Observatorio Métrico de Coronavirus desarrollado por la Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca como herramienta para el monitoreo, la compilación, el análisis y la visualización de la información procedente de artículos científicos arbitrados y de patentes de invención registradas en bases de datos internacionales sobre Coronavirus. Para su desarrollo se utilizaron diferentes métodos y procedimientos que permitieron, de conjunto con la tecnología aplicada y los indicadores métricos definidos, disponer de una plataforma dinámica que reduce significativamente los tiempos de búsqueda e interpretación de la información relevante sobre el dominio científico y tecnológico Coronavirus, lo que supone ser también un aporte oportuno y valioso que contribuye a la búsqueda de soluciones ante esta letal pandemia. Este Observatorio es un espacio de transformación de la información en conocimiento para la acción investigativa y la toma de decisiones. Es un resultado científico que contribuye al encadenamiento de la Academia con el sector investigativo y productivo de la Biotecnología en el país, conducido por los intereses y prioridades del Gobierno al servicio de toda la sociedad cubana(AU)

The finest resource for a scientist today is time. One minute without a specific vaccine, proper treatment, or a safe protocol means thousands of deaths. Based on this need, this research aims to show the functionalities of the Coronavirus Metric Observatory developed by the Pinar del Río University Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca as a tool that allows the monitoring, compilation, analysis and visualization of information from peer-reviewed scientific papers and invention patents registered in international databases on Coronavirus. For its development, different methods and procedures were used that, together with the applied technology and the defined metric indicators, made it possible to have a dynamic platform that significantly reduces the search and interpretation times for relevant information on the scientific and technological domain Coronavirus. Having a dynamic platform that significantly reduces the time for analysis and interpretation of relevant information is also a timely and valuable contribution that contributes to the search for solutions to this deadly pandemic. This Observatory is a space for transforming information into knowledge for action. It is a scientific result that contributes to linking the Academy with the research and productive sector of Biotechnology in the country, driven by the interests and priorities of the Government at the service of all Cuban society(AU)

Dataset on raindrop size distribution, raindrop fall velocity and precipitation data measured by disdrometers and rain gauges over Peruvian central Andes (12.0°S).

This dataset includes data obtained at the Atmospheric Microphysics and Radiation Laboratory (LAMAR) of the Huancayo Observatory (12.04° S, 75.32° W, 3313 m ASL). Two Parsivel2 and two tipping bucket rain gauges are used in this dataset which are operating together since 2018. Data is given in NetCDF format, including two types of files, one NetCDF for precipitation totals and another which contains Parsivel2 data. This data set was collected in the complex topography conditions of the tropical Andes, and its potential use is to study the microphysics of orographic rainfall, atmospheric models and rainfall estimation algorithms.

Spatio-temporal variability of water pollution by chlordecone at the watershed scale: what insights for the management of polluted territories?

Chlordecone, applied on soils until 1993 to control banana weevil, has polluted water resources in the French West Indies for more than 40 years. At the watershed scale, chlordecone applications were not homogenous, generating a spatial heterogeneity of the pollution. The roles of climate, hydrology, soil, agronomy, and geology on watershed functioning generate a temporal heterogeneity of the pollution. This study questions the interactions between practices and the environment that induce such variability. We analyzed hydrological and water pollution datasets from a 2-year monitoring program on the Galion watershed in Martinique (French West Indies). We conjointly analyzed (i) weekly chlordecone (CLD) concentration monitored on 3 river sampling sites, (ii) aquifer piezometric dynamics and pollutions, and (iii) agricultural practices on polluted soils. Our results showed that chlordecone pollution in surface waters are characterized by annual trends and infra-annual variations. Aquifers showed CLD concentration 10 times higher than surface water, with CLD concentration peaks during recharge events. We showed strong interactions between rainfall events and practices on CLD pollution requiring a systemic management approach, in particular during post-cyclonic periods. Small sub-watershed with high CLD pollution appeared to be a substantial contributor to CLD mass transfers to the marine environment via rivers and should therefore receive priority management. We suggest increasing stable organic matter return to soil as well as external input of organic matter to reduce CLD transfers to water. We identified hydrological conditions-notably drying periods-and tillage as the most influential factors on CLD leaching. In particular, tillage acts on 3 processes that increases CLD leaching: organic matter degradation, modification of water paths in soil, and allophane clay degradation.

Soil metagenome datasets underneath the Arecibo Observatory reflector dish.

The Arecibo Observatory (AO) located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, is the most sensitive, powerful and active planetary radar system in the world [1]. One of its principal components is the 305 m-diameter spherical reflector dish (AORD), which is exposed to high frequency electromagnetic waves. To unravel the microbial communities that inhabit this environment, soil samples from underneath the AORD were collected, DNA extracted, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomic and functional profiles were generated using the MG-RAST server. The most abundant domain was Bacteria (91%), followed by Virus (8%), Archaea (0.9%) and Eukaryota (0.9%). The most abundant phylum was Proteobacteria (54%), followed by Actinobacteria (8%), Bacteroidetes (5%) and Firmicutes (4%). In terms of functions, the most abundant among the metagenome corresponded to phages, transposable elements and plasmids (16%), followed by clustering-based subsystems (11%), carbohydrates (10%), and amino acids and derivatives (9%). This is the first soil metagenomic dataset from dish antennas and radar systems, specifically, underneath the AORD. Data can be used to explore the effect of high frequency electromagnetic waves in soil microbial composition, as well as the possibility of finding bioprospects with potential biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem: observatório como ferramenta virtual gerencial / Systematization of nursing care: observatory as a virtual managerial tool

Resumo: Introdução: No Brasil, a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) foi regulamentada para que os enfermeiros utilizem metodologias estruturadas teórica e cientificamente para planejar, organizar e sistematizar os cuidados. Esta dissertação compõe um projeto de pesquisa maior aprovado pelo acordo CAPES/COFEN - Edital 27/2016 e desenvolvido na linha de pesquisa Gerenciamento dos Serviços de Saúde e Enfermagem. Trata-se de um observatório virtual, partindo da premissa que este organiza informações, divulga estudos, apoia e monitora ações, aqui relacionadas à implementação da SAE no estado do Paraná. Objetivos: Elicitar os requisitos para um espaço virtual de apoio ao gerenciamento da SAE; e, criar um espaço web para o Observatório da SAE. Metodologia: Pesquisa de desenvolvimento tecnológico que fez uso do Método Ágil Scrum para a criação de um observatório virtual de apoio gerencial à implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em estabelecimentos de saúde. Com duas dimensões distintas, a do planejamento e a construção do projeto, o estudo foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Paraná, no período de agosto de 2018 a outubro de 2019. Resultados: No planejamento do Observatório, realizou-se a análise do objeto que compõe as bases de dados disponíveis na internet e envolve temas relacionados à disponibilização de sites com conceitos e informações sobre SAE, utilizando como fonte outros observatórios e sistemas de gerenciamento de conteúdo. Na construção do projeto, obteve-se uma lista de itens prioritários com a elicitação de três requisitos não-funcionais, que não estão especificamente relacionados com as especificidades do sistema: identificação do requisito, requisito não-funcional e suas priorizações. Nos nove requisitos funcionais elicitados, os diálogos estão relacionados com a maneira que o sistema deve operar, na qual se especificam as entradas e saídas do sistema e o relacionamento comportamental entre elas, assim como sua interação com o usuário. Produto: Desenvolveu-se o Site do Observatório de Enfermagem, disponível no endereço eletrônico . Considerações finais: A criação desse espaço virtual disponibiliza uma ferramenta para apoio gerencial a enfermeiros e gestores e espera-se que contribua para implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no Estado do Paraná.

Abstract: In Brazil, the Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), in English, Nursing Care Systematization, was regulated so nurses could use theoretically and scientifically structured methodologies to plan, organize and systematize care. This thesis is part of a larger research project approved by the CAPES / COFEN agreement - Public Notice 27/2016 and took the research line of Management of Nursing Services and Public Health. It refers to a virtual observatory, based on the premise of arrange information, spread studies, reinforce and track actions related to the SAE in the state of Paraná. This thesis has aim to evoke the requirements for a virtual space of support for the SAE and design a web space for the SAE Observatory. This technological development research used the Scrum Agile Method to design the virtual observatory, considering it would be assigned to give management support for the implementation of the Nursing Care Systematization in health facilities. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Parana, from August 2018 to October 2019. Throughout Observatory's arrangement and construction, a list of priority items was acquired by evoking three non-functional requirements, those were not accurately related to the system specificities: requirement identification, non-functional requirement and its priorities. In the nine elicited functional requisites, dialogues are related to the way the system should operate, specifying the system inputs and outputs and the behavioral link between them, as well as their interplay with the user. As a result, the SAE Observatory was developed and is available at < www.observatorioenfermagem.com.br>.

Dossier: Políticas Públicas de Salud Bucal en Iberoamérica / Dossier: Oral Health Public Policies in Iberian-America / Dossier: Políticas Públicas de Saúde Bucal na Ibero-América

Tenemos el gusto de presentar a nuestros lectores el primer número de 2019 que incluye el dossier temático Políticas Públicas de Salud Bucal en Iberoamérica. Este dossier es resultado de la segunda colaboración de Universitas Odontologica con otras organizaciones. En el número 71 de 2014 publicamos los resúmenes del 5º Congreso Iberoamericano de Periodoncia - 54° Seminario Anual de la Asociación Colombiana de Periodoncia y Oseointegración.

We are pleased to present to our readers the first issue of 2019 that includes the thematic dossier Public Policies of Oral Health in Ibero-America. This dossier is the result of the second collaboration of Universitas Odontologica with other organizations. In issue 71 of 2014, we published the abstracts of the 5th Ibero-American Congress of Periodontics - 54th Annual Seminar of the Colombian Association of Periodontics and Osseointegration.

Diseño de un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica con la integración de tecnologías de la Web 2. 0 en un observatorio tecnológico para un centro de desarrollo de software / Design of a technology monitoring system integrating Web 2.0 technologies in a technological observatory for a software development center

El objetivo de este artículo es el diseño de un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica soportado en un observatorio que integre tecnologías de la Web 2.0. La investigación se realizó bajo la perspectiva metodológica cuantitativa, no experimental (transversal), de alcance descriptivo. Para el diagnóstico se aplicó una encuesta utilizando como apoyo tecnológico la herramienta Limesurvey. La muestra estuvo compuesta por profesionales que forman parte de un centro de desarrollo de software en una universidad cubana. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó la herramienta Minitab. Metodológicamente la investigación se apoyó en la Norma Española UNE - 2011 de vigilancia tecnológica y el modelo cubano asociado a factores críticos de vigilancia. Como principales resultados se obtuvo un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica donde se incluyeron, en la gestión de trabajo del núcleo de vigilancia, tecnologías de la Web 2.0 tales como: un foro, wiki y sindicación de contenidos; y como plataforma que integra los elementos y acciones de los procesos de vigilancia, un observatorio tecnológico que permite el intercambio colaborativo entre el equipo de trabajo y los usuarios del centro objeto de estudio(AU)

The objective of the present study was to design a Technological Surveillance System supported in an observatory integrating Web 2.0 technologies. A quantitative non-experimental (cross-sectional) descriptive study was conducted. Diagnosis was based on a survey using the Limesurvey tool as technological support. The sample was composed of professionals from a software development center in a Cuban university. The Minitab tool was used for statistical processing. Methodologically, the study was based on the Spanish standard for technological surveillance UNE - 2011 and the Cuban model associated to critical surveillance factors. The main results obtained were a Technological Surveillance System including work management of the surveillance core, Web 2.0 technologies such as a forum, wiki and content syndication, and as a platform integrating the elements and actions of the surveillance processes, a technological observatory allowing collaborative exchange between the work team and users of the center under study(AU)

Diseño de un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica con la integración de tecnologías de la Web 2. 0 en un observatorio tecnológico para un centro de desarrollo de software / Design of a technology monitoring system integrating Web 2.0 technologies in a technological observatory for a software development center

El objetivo de este artículo es el diseño de un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica soportado en un observatorio que integre tecnologías de la Web 2.0. La investigación se realizó bajo la perspectiva metodológica cuantitativa, no experimental (transversal), de alcance descriptivo. Para el diagnóstico se aplicó una encuesta utilizando como apoyo tecnológico la herramienta Limesurvey. La muestra estuvo compuesta por profesionales que forman parte de un centro de desarrollo de software en una universidad cubana. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó la herramienta Minitab. Metodológicamente la investigación se apoyó en la Norma Española UNE - 2011 de vigilancia tecnológica y el modelo cubano asociado a factores críticos de vigilancia. Como principales resultados se obtuvo un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica donde se incluyeron, en la gestión de trabajo del núcleo de vigilancia, tecnologías de la Web 2.0 tales como: un foro, wiki y sindicación de contenidos; y como plataforma que integra los elementos y acciones de los procesos de vigilancia, un observatorio tecnológico que permite el intercambio colaborativo entre el equipo de trabajo y los usuarios del centro objeto de estudio(AU)

The objective of the present study was to design a Technological Surveillance System supported in an observatory integrating Web 2.0 technologies. A quantitative non-experimental (cross-sectional) descriptive study was conducted. Diagnosis was based on a survey using the Limesurvey tool as technological support. The sample was composed of professionals from a software development center in a Cuban university. The Minitab tool was used for statistical processing. Methodologically, the study was based on the Spanish standard for technological surveillance UNE - 2011 and the Cuban model associated to critical surveillance factors. The main results obtained were a Technological Surveillance System including work management of the surveillance core, Web 2.0 technologies such as a forum, wiki and content syndication, and as a platform integrating the elements and actions of the surveillance processes, a technological observatory allowing collaborative exchange between the work team and users of the center under study(AU)

Producción científica y visibilidad de la Cátedra de Comunicación Científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Habana / Scientific production and visibility of Havana Medical Universitys Scientific Communication Cathedra

Introducción: La Cátedra de Comunicación Científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana cumplió 10 años de fundada en 2015. Su Observatorio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación tiene funciones de investigación bibliométricas.Objetivo: Evaluar la producción científica de la cátedra a través de la visibilidad que ha logrado a partir de sus citaciones. Material y Métodos: Se recupera la producción científica por Google Académico y sus citaciones a través de las variables que aporta Publish or Perish, evaluadas en 2013 y 2015. Resultados: En el decenio se han publicado 40 artículos originales, comunicaciones cortas y cartas al editor. Los miembros de la Cátedra incrementan sus principales indicadores de excelencia como el índice h y sus variantes en dependencia de los años vinculados a la misma. Existe correlación entre las citas recibidas /trabajo entre 2013 y 2015. La Cátedra ha realizado evaluaciones bibliométricas sobre el estudio de la producción científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana fundamentalmente. Conclusiones: La productividad científica de la Cátedra y la visibilidad lograda por sus investigaciones métricas han contribuido a la evaluación del desarrollo de la ciencia universitaria(AU)

Introduction: Havana Medical Universitys Scientific Communication Cathedra arrived to its 10th anniversary last 2015. His Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation fulfill bibliometric research tasks. Objective: To evaluate the scientific production of the cathedra through the visibility achieved from its citations. Materials and Methods: Was recovered the scientific production by Google Academic and its citations through the variables bring up by Publish or Perish evaluated in 2013 and 2015. Results: During this decade were published 40 originals papers, short communication and letter to the editor. The members of the Cathedra increase its main excellences indexes like h index and its variants according with the time related with the group. There is a correlation between cites/paper since 2013 to 2015. The Cathedra has made bibliometric evaluation mainly about the scientific production of Havana Medical University. Conclusions: The scientific productivity of the Cathedra and the visibility achieved by its metric research has contributed to the evaluation of the development of the university science(AU)

Producción científica y visibilidad de la Cátedra de Comunicación Científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Habana / Scientific production and visibility of Havana Medical University’s Scientific Communication Cathedra

Introducción: La Cátedra de Comunicación Científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana cumplió 10 años de fundada en 2015. Su Observatorio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación tiene funciones de investigación bibliométricas. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción científica de la cátedra a través de la visibilidad que ha logrado a partir de sus citaciones. Material y Métodos: Se recupera la producción científica por Google Académico y sus citaciones a través de las variables que aporta Publish or Perish, evaluadas en 2013 y 2015. Resultados: En el decenio se han publicado 40 artículos originales, comunicaciones cortas y cartas al editor. Los miembros de la Cátedra incrementan sus principales indicadores de excelencia como el índice h y sus variantes en dependencia de los años vinculados a la misma. Existe correlación entre las citas recibidas /trabajo entre 2013 y 2015. La Cátedra ha realizado evaluaciones bibliométricas sobre el estudio de la producción científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana fundamentalmente. Conclusiones: La productividad científica de la Cátedra y la visibilidad lograda por sus investigaciones métricas han contribuido a la evaluación del desarrollo de la ciencia universitaria(AU)

Introduction: Havana Medical Universitys Scientific Communication Cathedra arrived to its 10th anniversary last 2015. His Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation fulfill bibliometric research tasks. Objective: To evaluate the scientific production of the cathedra through the visibility achieved from its citations. Materials and Methods: Was recovered the scientific production by Google Academic and its citations through the variables bring up by Publish or Perish evaluated in 2013 and 2015. Results: During this decade were published 40 originals papers, short communication and letter to the editor. The members of the Cathedra increase its main excellences indexes like h index and its variants according with the time related with the group. There is a correlation between cites/paper since 2013 to 2015. The Cathedra has made bibliometric evaluation mainly about the scientific production of Havana Medical University. Conclusions: The scientific productivity of the Cathedra and the visibility achieved by its metric research has contributed to the evaluation of the development of the university science(AU)

An approach between tools for the analysis of tendencies and business innovation management

Currently, there is a number of tools which allow analyzing information-based behavioral patterns; in the specific case of this article, the analysis of tendencies will be highlighted not only as a tool to predict the behavior of prices in order to measure and process financial market information but also, in a wider standpoint, to take tendencies as a tool to analyze the behavior of certain elements within a specific environment and period of time. Accordingly, the article is intended to set the theoretical, conceptual, and contextual basis necessary to perform the analysis of tendencies through the combination of a monitoring system and an observatory intended to organize, quantify, process, and use information as an indispensable element to implement innovation in the business field

Existen en la actualidad herramientas que permiten analizar patrones de conducta o actuación basados en información, en el caso particular de este artículo, se resaltará el análisis de tendencias no como una aquella herramienta con la cual se puede predecir el comportamiento de precios para medir y procesar información de los mercados financieros; sino que, y en un sentido más amplio, se toman las tendencias como aquellas que analizan el comportamiento de ciertos elementos en un entorno y período determinado. En este sentido, se busca establecer los fundamentos teóricos, conceptuales y contextuales suficientes para el análisis de tendencias mediante la combinación de un sistema de vigilancia y un observatorio que permitan organizar, cuantificar, procesar y disponer de información como elemento indispensable para implementar innovaciones en el ámbito empresarial

Existem na atualidade ferramentas que permitem analisar padrões de conduta ou atuação baseados em informação, no caso particular deste artigo, se ressaltará a análise de tendências não como uma aquela ferramenta com a qual se pode prever o comportamento de preços para medir e processar informação dos mercados financeiros; senão que, e em um sentido mais amplo, se tomam as tendências como aquelas que analisam o comportamento de certos elementos em um entorno e período determinado. Neste sentido, se busca estabelecer os fundamentos teóricos, conceituais e contextuais suficientes para a análise de tendências mediante a combinação de um sistema de vigilância e um observatório que permitam organizar, quantificar, processar e dispor de informação como elemento indispensável para implementar inovações no âmbito empresarial

Environmental controls on canopy foliar nitrogen distributions in a Neotropical lowland forest.

Distributions of foliar nutrients across forest canopies can give insight into their plant functional diversity and improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycling. We used airborne remote sensing and partial least squares regression to quantify canopy foliar nitrogen (foliar N) across ~164 km2 of wet lowland tropical forest in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We determined the relative influence of climate and topography on the observed patterns of foliar N using a gradient boosting model technique. At a local scale, where climate and substrate were constant, we explored the influence of slope position on foliar N by quantifying foliar N on remnant terraces, their adjacent slopes, and knife-edged ridges. In addition, we climbed and sampled 540 trees and analyzed foliar N in order to quantify the role of species identity (phylogeny) and environmental factors in predicting foliar N. Observed foliar N heterogeneity reflected environmental factors working at multiple spatial scales. Across the larger landscape, elevation and precipitation had the highest relative influence on predicting foliar N (30% and 24%), followed by soils (15%), site exposure (9%), compound topographic index (8%), substrate (6%), and landscape dissection (6%). Phylogeny explained ~75% of the variation in the field collected foliar N data, suggesting that phylogeny largely underpins the response to the environmental factors. Taken together, these data suggest that a large fraction of the variance in foliar N across the landscape is proximately driven by species composition, though ultimately this is likely a response to abiotic factors such as climate and topography. Future work should focus on the mechanisms and feedbacks involved, and how shifts in climate may translate to changes in forest function.