Uterus transplantation: A scoping review focused on obstetric outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Congenital uterine anomalies include a wide diversity of uterine malformations that can compromise reproductive potential. Uterus transplantation (UTx) proposes an innovative treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility; however, there is a lack of standardized protocols to guide clinical management among this population. OBJECTIVES: To describe recipient and donor characteristics and obstetric outcomes in patients undergoing UTx. SEARCH STRATEGY: We performed a literature search using the PubMed database to retrieve available scientific articles. We analyzed the references of included articles to assess additional articles that could be eligible to be included in the review. Likewise, we identified further studies using other methods, including Google Scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA: Titles and abstracts were screened in duplicate to select original reports with information available for the outcomes of interest. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: This review assessed the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques used, patient characteristics, obstetric and non-obstetric complications, functional duration of the organ, and neonatal outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: Among the 36 reports included in this review we found 55 pregnancies and 38 live births following UTx and a higher success rate for in vivo uterine donations. The most common obstetric complications reported included miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. The most common non-obstetric complications reported include episodes of rejection, acute kidney injury, anemia, and cholestasis. Living donors required a comprehensive preoperative workup, decreasing organ rejection, infection, and vascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: More studies are needed to standardize the UTx procedure and improve obstetric, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Further understanding of which recipient and donor characteristics minimize complications will significantly decrease the risk of adverse outcomes.

Loss of opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (POAPS): from theory to reality.

OBJECTIVES: (I) To identify and measure the clinical consequences of a delayed diagnosis in patients with primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (POAPS), in terms of time and events associated to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and (II) to evaluate the impact of their treatment status on perinatal outcomes, before and after diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study included 99 POAPS women who were separated in two groups of timelines based on their diagnostic status: group 1: women who met the clinical criteria for POAPS; group 2: included the same patients from group 1 since they meet the laboratory criteria for APS. In group 1, we assessed the following variables: obstetric events, thrombotic events and time (years) to diagnosis of APS. We also compared perinatal outcomes between patients in group 1 vs. group 2. Women in group 2 were treated with standard of care for POAPS. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Regarding the impact of the delay on diagnosis, a total of 87 APS-related events were recorded: 46 miscarriages, 32 foetal losses and 9 premature deliveries before the 34th week due to preeclampsia, and one thrombosis. The estimated rate of preventable events was 20.58 per year/100 patients. The mean diagnostic delay time was 4.27 years. When we compared both groups during pregnancy, we found that patients in group 1 (no treatment) had a higher association with pregnancy losses [OR = 6.71 (95% CI: 3.59-12.55), p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the negative impact of POAPS underdiagnosis on patient health and the critical importance of a timely intervention to improve pregnancy outcomes. Key Points •Our study shows the relevance of underdiagnosis on primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (POAPS). •These patients presented a high risk of APS-related events with each passing year. •Shorter diagnostic delay time was observed in the reference centres.

Atención de enfermería para la prevención terciaria de algunas complicaciones asociadas al puerperio

Introducción: En el proceso de atención de enfermería se incluyen acciones destinadas a la prevención de enfermedades durante el puerperio. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de atención de enfermería para la prevención terciaria de algunas complicaciones relacionadas con el puerperio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2022, que incluyó a 2 grupos poblacionales integrados por 225 puérperas y 80 enfermeras. Entre las variables estudiadas figuraron las siguientes: complicaciones, tipo de cuidado, tiempo de trabajo con puérperas y nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención. Resultados: En la serie predominaron la hemorragia (36,4 %), la preeclampsia y el tromboembolismo (26,0 y 21,1 %, respectivamente) como principales complicaciones, además del cuidado de tipo estandarizado (56,5 %) y los conocimientos inadecuados sobre prevención (58,7 %). Conclusiones: La atención de enfermería para la prevención terciaria de algunas complicaciones se brinda fundamentalmente a puérperas con preeclampsia, tromboembolismo y hemorragia, por lo que el cuidado estandarizado requiere mayor preparación del personal que interviene en el proceso.

Introduction: The nursing care process includes actions aimed at preventing diseases during postpartum period. Objective: To describe the process of nursing care for the tertiary prevention of some complications related to postpartum. Methods: An observational descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2022, that included 2 population groups integrated by 225 newly-delivered women and 80 nurses. The variables studied were the following: complications, type of care, working time with newly-delivered women and level of knowledge about prevention. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the hemorrhage (36.4%), pre-eclampsia and thromboembolism (26.0 and 21.1%, respectively) as main complications, besides the care of standardized type (56.5%) and the inadequate knowledge on prevention (58.7%). Conclusions: Nursing care for the tertiary prevention of some complications is offered fundamentally to newly-delivered women with pre-eclampsia, thromboembolism and hemorrhages, reason why the standardized care requires more preparation of the staff that intervenes in the process.

Clinical and therapeutic value of the adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score in primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the clinical utility of the adjusted global antiphospholipid syndrome score (aGAPSS) to predict new obstetric events during follow-up in primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (POAPS) patients under standard-of-care treatment (SC) based on the use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) + heparin and (2) to study the risk of a first thrombotic event and to evaluate whether stratification according to this score could help to identify POAPS patients who would benefit from long-term thromboprophylaxis. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicentre study. 169 women with POAPS were evaluated for the presence of a new obstetric event and/or a first thrombotic event during follow-up [time period: 2008-2020, median: 7 years (6-12 years)]. The outcomes of 107 pregnancies from these POAPS patients with SC were studied to evaluate relapses. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Regarding obstetric morbidity, only triple positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) [OR = 8.462 (95% CI: 2.732-26.210); p < 0.0001] was found to be a strong risk factor independently associated with treatment failure. On the other hand, triple positivity for aPLs [OR=10.44 (95% CI: 2.161-50.469), p = 0.004] and an aGAPSS ≥7 [OR = 1.621 (95% CI: 1.198-2.193), p = 0.002] were independent risk factors associated with a first thrombotic event. LDA was marginally associated with a decrease in the risk of thrombosis only in patients with aGAPSS ≥ 7 (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: aGAPSS appears to be useful in predicting the occurrence of a first thrombotic event in POAPS patients, and these stratification of patients could be helpful in selecting patients who would benefit from thromboprophylaxis with LDA.

Predictive factors for premature birth and respiratory exacerbation in pregnancies of women with cystic fibrosis

Abstract Objective: In this present study, the authors evaluated the predictive factors for adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancies of women with cystic fibrosis (CF). Patients were followed up by a referral center for adults in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that used data from electronic medical records regarding pregnancies of women diagnosed with CF. Results: The study included 39 pregnancies related to 20 different women. The main adverse outcomes were high prevalence rates of premature birth (38.5%) and maternal respiratory exacerbation (84.6%). Lower body mass index (BMI) values (< 20.8) and younger ages of CF diagnosis increased the risk of premature birth. The presence of methicillin-resistant and absence of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a younger age of diagnosis, increased the risk of maternal respiratory exacerbation during pregnancy. Conclusions: Conception in women with CF is often associated with maternal and fetal complications. Continuous monitoring by a multidisciplinary team should emphasize appropriate nutritional status, investigation of bacterial colonization, and immediate attention to respiratory exacerbations.

Predictive factors for premature birth and respiratory exacerbation in pregnancies of women with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: In this present study, the authors evaluated the predictive factors for adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancies of women with cystic fibrosis (CF). Patients were followed up by a referral center for adults in southern Brazil. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that used data from electronic medical records regarding pregnancies of women diagnosed with CF. RESULTS: The study included 39 pregnancies related to 20 different women. The main adverse outcomes were high prevalence rates of premature birth (38.5%) and maternal respiratory exacerbation (84.6%). Lower body mass index (BMI) values (< 20.8) and younger ages of CF diagnosis increased the risk of premature birth. The presence of methicillin-resistant and absence of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a younger age of diagnosis, increased the risk of maternal respiratory exacerbation during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Conception in women with CF is often associated with maternal and fetal complications. Continuous monitoring by a multidisciplinary team should emphasize appropriate nutritional status, investigation of bacterial colonization, and immediate attention to respiratory exacerbations.

Predictive value of blood measurement of Complement System proteins and metabolic components for early detection of obstetric complications linked to poor placental function.

Preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome (PES) is associated with severe obstetric complications and there are no efficient methods available for an early detection. We studied blood concentration of some immunological and metabolic markers in association with obstetric outcome in healthy pregnant women and patients with obstetric risk factors, by ELISA and biochemical tests. Patients with complications showed higher levels of CRP and C4 positively correlated with Triglycerides and Cholesterol concentrations. Our results provide evidence that Immunological and metabolic alterations contribute to obstetric complications and that biomarkers linked to these alterations could be useful for an early detection of these problems.

Is there an Increased Risk for unfavorable obstetric outcomes in women with endometriosis? an evaluation of evidences / Existe um risco maior para desfechos obstétricos desfavoráveis em mulheres com endometriose? uma avaliação das evidências

Abstract Objective The present study is a systematic review of the literature to assess whether the presence of endometriosis determines or contributes to adverse obstetric outcomes. Data Sources The present work was carried out at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in accordance to the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. A review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The keywords used were: pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, obstetrical complications, obstetrics, obstetric outcomes and endometriosis. The survey was further completed by a manually executed review of cross-referenced articles, which was last performed on November 30, 2018. Selection of studies The survey disclosed a total of 2,468 articles, published from May 1946 to October 2017. A total of 18 studies were selected to be further classified according to their quality and relevance. Data Collection The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for classification. Five studies of greater impact and superior evidence quality and 13 studies of moderate evidence quality were selected. We analyzed the studies for the characteristics of their patients plus how endometriosis was diagnosed and their respective obstetric outcomes taking into account their statistical relevance. Data Synthesis Analyses of the higher impact and better quality studies have shown high incidence of preterm birth and placenta previa in patients with endometriosis. Conclusion Placenta previa and preterm birth are the most statistically significant outcomes related to endometriosis, as indicated by our systematic review. The present information is useful to alert obstetricians and patients about possible unfavorable obstetric outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Realizar uma revisão sistemática e crítica da literatura de modo a avaliar se a presença de endometriose determina desfechos obstétricos adversos na gestação. Fonte dos dados O presente estudo foi realizado no Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, de acordo com a metodologia PRISMA para revisões sistemáticas. As bases de dados usadas para a revisão de literatura foram Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus. As palavras-chave usadas foram: pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, obstetrical complications, obstetrics, obstetric outcomes e endometriosis. Uma revisão manual de artigos com referências cruzadas completou a pesquisa, que foi realizada pela última vez em 30 de novembro de 2018. Seleção dos estudos A pesquisa contou com o total de 2.468 artigos, publicados de maio de 1946 a outubro de 2017. Foram selecionados 18 estudos com base em sua relevância. Coleta de dados A metodologia Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale foi usada para selecionar 5 estudos cuja evidência era de melhor qualidade e 13 estudos de moderada qualidade de evidência. As características das populações dos estudos foram analisadas, assim como a doença endometriose foi diagnosticada e os respectivos desfechos obstétricos nas pacientes observando-se a relevância estatística dos estudos. Síntese dos dados A análise dos estudos de maior impacto e de melhor qualidade de evidência mostram que placenta prévia e ocorrência de nascimentos pré-termo são os desfechos obstétricos desfavoráveis de maior incidência em pacientes com endometriose. Conclusão Placenta prévia e nascimentos pré-termo são os desfechos obstétricos com maior significância estatística relacionados à endometriose. Esta informação é útil para alertar obstetras e pacientes com endometriose para possíveis desfechos obstétricos desfavoráveis.

Breech presentation delivery care: A review of childbirth semiology, mechanism and care / Atención del parto con feto en presentación pelviana: revisión de la semiología, el mecanismo y la atención del parto

RESUMEN Objetivo: revisar los conceptos que subyacen al trabajo de parto con feto en presentación pelviana, su semiología y las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un resultado materno perinatal exitoso. Materiales y métodos: a partir de un caso hipotético que ambienta de manera práctica el tema, se crea un documento explicativo construido a partir de una revisión narrativa, en donde se examinan los preceptos relacionados con el diagnóstico, el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana y el manejo intraparto de la gestante, con énfasis en la adecuada ejecución de las maniobras que facilitan la extracción fetal. Resultados: el parto en presentación pelviana debe ser atendido por vía vaginal cuando se encuentra en periodo expulsivo con encajamiento cumplido. Para su diagnóstico y atención es esencial hacer una adecuada identificación de la presentación, así como conocer su fisiología, la indicación y adecuada ejecución de las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un parto sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana es complejo y requiere, cuando no hay otra alternativa para la atención, que tanto el obstetra como el médico general conozcan su fisiología y las múltiples maniobras obstétricas que facilitan obtener buen resultado materno perinatal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the concepts underlying breech presentation delivery as well as the semiology and the obstetric maneuvers contributing to a successful perinatal maternal outcome. Materials and methods: Based on a hypothetical scenario to set the stage for a practical approach to the topic, an explanatory paper built on a narrative review is created in order to examine the principles related to diagnosis, mechanism of delivery and maternal care, emphasizing maneuvers to ease fetal extraction. Results: Breech presentation delivery must be managed through the vaginal canal when already in the expulsion phase with fetal engagement. For diagnosis and care, it is essential to know the unique semiology and physiology of this condition as well as the obstetric maneuvers to facilitate an uncomplicated delivery. Conclusions: The mechanism of childbirth in breech presentation is complex and requires knowledge of its physiology and multiple obstetric maneuvers on the part of the obstetrician as well as the general practitioner, in order to ensure adequate care when there is no other option.

Breech presentation delivery care: A review of childbirth semiology, mechanism and care / Atención del parto con feto en presentación pelviana: revisión de la semiología, el mecanismo y la atención del parto

Objective: To review the concepts underlying breech presentation delivery as well as the semiology and the obstetric maneuvers contributing to a successful perinatal maternal outcome. Materials and methods: Based on a hypothetical scenario to set the stage for a practical approach to the topic, an explanatory paper built on a narrative review is created in order to examine the principles related to diagnosis, mechanism of delivery and maternal care, emphasizing maneuvers to ease fetal extraction. Results: Breech presentation delivery must be managed through the vaginal canal when already in the expulsion phase with fetal engagement. For diagnosis and care, it is essential to know the unique semiology and physiology of this condition as well as the obstetric maneuvers to facilitate an uncomplicated delivery. Results: The mechanism of childbirth in breech presentation is complex and requires knowledge of its physiology and multiple obstetric maneuvers on the part of the obstetrician as well as the general practitioner, in order to ensure adequate care when there is no other option.

TITULO: ATENCIÓN DEL PARTO CON FETO EN PRESENTACIÓN PELVIANA: REVISIÓN DE LA SEMIOLOGÍA, EL MECANISMO Y LA ATENCIÓN DEL PARTO. Objetivo: Revisar los conceptos que subyacen al trabajo de parto con feto en presentación pelviana, su semiología y las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un resultado materno perinatal exitoso. Materiales y métodos: A partir de un caso hipotético que ambienta de manera práctica el tema, se crea un documento explicativo construido a partir de una revisión narrativa, en donde se examinan los preceptos relacionados con el diagnóstico, el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana y el manejo intraparto de la gestante, con énfasis en la adecuada ejecución de las maniobras que facilitan la extracción fetal. Resultados: El parto en presentación pelviana debe ser atendido por vía vaginal cuando se encuentra en periodo expulsivo con encajamiento cumplido. Para su diagnóstico y atención es esencial hacer una adecuada identificación de la presentación, así como conocer su fisiología, la indicación y adecuada ejecución de las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un parto sin complicaciones. Resultados: El mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana es complejo y requiere, cuando no hay otra alternativa para la atención, que tanto el obstetra como el médico general conozcan su fisiología y las múltiples maniobras obstétricas que facilitan obtener buen resultado materno perinatal.

Intellectual Disability and Psychotic Disorders in Children: Association With Maternal Severe Mental Illness and Exposure to Obstetric Complications in a Whole-Population Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Children of mothers with severe mental illness are at significantly increased risk of developing intellectual disability. Obstetric complications are also implicated in the risk for intellectual disability. Moreover, children of mothers with severe mental illness are more likely to be exposed to obstetric complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint contributions of familial severe mental illness and obstetric complications to the risk of intellectual disability. METHOD: Record linkage across Western Australian whole-population psychiatric, inpatient, birth, and midwives' registers identified 15,351 children born between 1980 and 2001 to mothers with severe mental illness and 449,229 children born to mothers with no mental illness. Multivariable models were adjusted for paternal psychiatric status, parental intellectual disability, and other family and sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS: The risk of intellectual disability was increased among children of mothers with severe mental illness compared with children of unaffected mothers. The impact varied across maternal diagnostic groups. For children of mothers with schizophrenia, the unadjusted odds ratio was 3.8 (95% CI=3.0, 4.9) and remained significant after simultaneous adjustment for exposure to obstetric complications and other covariates (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.3, 2.3). The odds ratio for exposure to obstetric complications also remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.6, 1.8). For intellectual disability of a genetic basis, the adjusted odds ratio for maternal schizophrenia was elevated but not statistically significant. Among children with intellectual disability, 4.2% later developed a psychotic disorder, compared with 1.1% of children without intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal severe mental illness and exposure to obstetric complications contribute separately to the risk of intellectual disability, suggesting potentially different causal pathways.

Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy: A single-center observational study of 69 pregnancies / Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e gravidez: estudo observacional em um único centro com 69 gestações

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods The present article is a retrospective cohort study. Datawere collected from medical records of pregnant women with SLE from January 2002 to December 2012 at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Systemic lupus erythematosus and disease activity were defined according to the American College of Rheumatology and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) criteria respectively. The means, standard deviations (SDs), percentages and correlations were performed using the SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, US). Results We obtained data from 69 pregnancies in 58 women. During pregnancy, a new flare was observed in 39.2% (n = 27). The manifestations were most common in patients with prior kidney disease, and mainly occurred during the third quarter and the puerperium. Renal activity occurred in 24.6% (n = 17), and serious activity, in 16% (n = 11). Of all deliveries, 75% (n = 48) were by cesarean section. Twomaternal deaths occurred (3%). Preterm birth was themain complication in the newborns. The abortion rate was 8.7%. Severe SLEDAI during pregnancy was associated with prematurity (100%) and perinatal death (54%). Conclusion Thematernal-fetal outcome is worse in SLE when thewomen experience a flare during pregnancy. The best maternal-fetal outcomes occur when the disease is in remission for at least 6 months before the pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da gravidez em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de mulheres com LES que engravidaram de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2012 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e atividade da doença foram definidos segundo o American College of Rheumatology e os critérios doÍndice deAtividadedaDoença de Lúpus Eritematoso (SLEDAI, nasigla eminglês), respectivamente. As médias, os desvios-padrão (DP), as porcentagens e as correlações foram realizados utilizando o software SAS, versão 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, US). Resultados Obtivemos dados de 69 gestações em58mulheres. Durante a gravidez, a reatividade da doença foi observada em 39.2% (n = 27). As manifestações mais comuns foram em pacientes com doença renal prévia, e ocorreram principalmente no terceiro trimestre e no puerpério. Atividade renal ocorreu em 24,6% (n = 17), e atividade grave, em 16% (n = 11). De todos os partos, 75% (n = 48) foram por cesariana. Dois óbitos maternos ocorreram (3%). A prematuridade foi a principal complicação nos recém-nascidos. A taxa de aborto foi de 8,7%. O índice SLEDAI grave durante a gestação foi associado à prematuridade (100%) e à morte perinatal (54%). Conclusão O resultado materno-fetal é pior no LES quando as mulheres sofrem crise de reativação durante a gravidez. Os melhores desfechos materno-fetais ocorrem quando a doença está em remissão por pelo menos 6 meses anteriores à gestação.

Experiencias del hombre ante la hospitalización por complicaciones obstétricas de su esposa / Experiences of the man before hospitalization due to obstetric complications of his wife / Experiências do homem antes da internação por complicações obstétricas de sua esposa

Introducción: Al presentarse una complicación obstétrica, donde no solo interactúan factores fisiológicos, sino culturales, sociales, religiosos y económicos que ponen en riesgo la vida del binomio madre-hijo, durante la hospitalización de su esposa la vida del hombre se ve afectada debido a las expectativas sociales de su entorno, es decir, de él se espera fortaleza, valentía, control emocional e independencia, entre otras muchas. Integrar al esposo durante esta situación permite dirigir la atención para comprender cómo el trinomio madre-padre-hijo vive este proceso y así implementar estrategias orientadas a la práctica de enfermería en su cuidado integral, ya que la literatura es escasa referente al fenómeno de estudio y en México no hay información al respecto. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias del Hombre ante la hospitalización de su esposa por complicaciones obstétricas en un hospital de segundo nivel. Metodología: Diseño cualitativo fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Los participantes fueron 6 informantes hombres que experimentaron junto a su esposa durante la hospitalización por presentar alguna complicación obstétrica durante el embarazo y/o el parto; los datos se recolectaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El número de informantes se definió por medio del criterio de saturación, el análisis de datos se realizó mediante la propuesta de Colaizzi. Hallazgos: Emergieron 3 grandes categorías: A) Efecto de cuidar a otros, con 4 sub-categorías: a1) decisiones de vida o muerte, a2) anteposición de mis necesidades personales, a3) fortalecimiento del rol de esposo, a4) ahora me toca cuidarlos; B) Contando con apoyo: b1) la familia como sostén, b2) apoyo de la comunidad, b3) religiosidad y automotivación; C) Invisibilidad del esposo por el personal de salud. Conclusiones: Tradicionalmente, el hombre no debe doblegarse ante el dolor de él o de otros ni pedir ayuda; sin embargo se observó cambios importantes como ternura, comprensión, compromiso afectivo sin que nadie cuestione su masculinidad. Se describe como esta situación afianza el rol de esposo, dando cuidado, apoyo y afecto a su esposa e hijos, es necesario fortalecer y mejorar la práctica asistencial de enfermería al brindar el cuidado al trinomio.

Introduction: When an obstetric complication occurs, where not only physiological factors, but cultural, social, religious and economic factors that endanger the life of the mother-child binomial, during the hospitalization of his wife, the life of the man is affected due to The social expectations of his environment, that is, he expects strength, courage, emotional control and independence, among many others. Integrating the husband during this situation allows directing the attention to understand how the trinomial mother-father-son lives this process and thus implement strategies oriented to the practice of nursing in its integral care, since the literature is scarce referring to the phenomenon of study and In Mexico there is no information about it. Objective: To describe the experiences of the Man before the hospitalization of his wife by obstetric complications in a second level hospital. Methodology: Qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutic design. Participants were 6 male informants who experienced with their spouse during hospitalization for having an obstetric complication during pregnancy and / or childbirth; The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The number of informants was defined by the saturation criterion, data analysis was performed using the Colaizzi proposal. Findings: Three major categories emerged: A) Effect of caring for others, with 4 sub-categories: a1) life or death decisions, a2) preposition of my personal needs, a3) strengthening the role of husband, a4) now it's my turn Take care of them; B) With support: b1) the family as support, b2) support of the community, b3) religiosity and self-motivation; C) Invisibility of the husband by the health personnel. Conclusions: Traditionally, man should not bow to the pain of him or others or ask for help; However important changes were observed such as tenderness, understanding, affective commitment without anyone questioning their masculinity. Describing how this situation strengthens the role of husband, giving care, support and affection to his wife and children, it is necessary to strengthen and improve the nursing care practice by providing care to the trinomial.

Introdução: Quando ocorre uma complicação obstétrica, onde não apenas fatores fisiológicos interagem, mas também fatores culturais, sociais, religiosos e econômicos que colocam em risco a vida do binômio mãe-filho, durante a hospitalização de sua esposa, a vida do homem é afetada por as expectativas sociais de seu entorno, isto é, força, coragem, controle emocional e independência, são esperadas dele, entre muitos outros. A integração do marido nessa situação permite direcionar a atenção para entender como o trinômio mãe-pai-filho vive esse processo e, assim, implementar estratégias orientadas para a prática da enfermagem em seu cuidado integral, uma vez que a literatura é escassa quanto ao fenômeno de estudo e no México não há informações sobre isso. Objetivo: Descrever as experiências do Homem antes da internação de sua esposa devido a complicações obstétricas em um hospital de segundo nível. Metodologia: Desenho fenomenológico-hermenêutico qualitativo. Participaram do estudo 6 informantes do sexo masculino que sofreram com a esposa durante a hospitalização por apresentarem uma complicação obstétrica durante a gravidez e / ou parto; os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O número de informantes foi definido por meio do critério de saturação; a análise dos dados foi realizada mediante proposta de Colaizzi. Resultados: surgiram três categorias principais: A) Efeito de cuidar dos outros, com quatro subcategorias: a1) decisões de vida ou morte, a2) predizer minhas necessidades pessoais, a3) fortalecer o papel do marido, a4) agora é a minha vez cuide deles; B) Com apoio: b1) a família como apoio, b2) apoio comunitário, b3) religiosidade e auto-motivação; C) Invisibilidade do marido pelo pessoal de saúde. Conclusões: Tradicionalmente, o homem não deve se curvar à dor de si ou dos outros ou pedir ajuda; no entanto, mudanças importantes foram observadas, como ternura, compreensão, comprometimento emocional sem que ninguém questionasse sua masculinidade. Descreve-se como essa situação fortalece o papel do marido, dando cuidado, apoio e afeto à esposa e aos filhos, sendo necessário fortalecer e aprimorar a prática do cuidado de enfermagem prestando assistência ao trinômio.

Maternal near miss and predictive ability of potentially life-threatening conditions at selected maternity hospitals in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Every year millions of women around the world suffer from pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum complications. Women who survive the most serious clinical conditions are regarded as to have experienced a severe acute maternal complication called maternal near miss (MNM). Information about MNM cases may complement the data collected through the analysis of maternal death, and was proposed as a helpful tool to identify strengths and weaknesses of health systems in relation to maternal health care. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a systematized form to detect severe maternal outcomes (SMO) in 20 selected maternity hospitals from Latin America (LAC). METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from analysis of hospital records for all women giving birth and all women who had a SMO in the selected hospitals. Univariate and multivariate adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the predictive ability of different conditions to identify SMO cases. In parallel, external auditors were hired for reviewing and reporting the total number of discharges during the study period, in order to verify whether health professionals at health facilities identified all MNM and Potentially life-threatening condition (PLTC) cases. RESULTS: Twenty hospitals from twelve LAC were initially included in the study and based on the level of coverage, 11 hospitals with a total of 3,196records were included for the final analysis. The incidence of SMO and MNM outcomes was 12.9 and 12.3 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The ratio of MNM to maternal death was 19 to 1, with a mortality index of 5.1 %. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed a good performance for a number of clinical and laboratory conditions to predict a severe maternal outcome, however, their clinical relevance remains to be confirmed. Coherence between health professionals and external auditors to identify SMO was high (around 100 %). CONCLUSIONS: The form tested, was well accepted by health professionals and was capable of identifying 100 % of MNM cases and more than 99 % of PLTC variables. Altered state of consciousness, oliguria, placenta accrete, pulmonary edema, and admission to Intensive Care Unit have a high (LR+ ≥80) capacity to anticipate a SMO.

Embarazo en pacientes con esquizofrenia / Pregnancy in patients with schizophrenia

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de cohorte basado en la revisión de historias clínicas y base de datos del Sistema Informático Perinatal (sip) de las pacientes portadoras de esquizofrenia y embarazadas que consultaron en el Hospital Vilardebó entre 2009-2012. Se estudiaron 35 casos de gestaciones que correspondieron a 30 mujeres. Se identificaron determinadas características sociodemográficas y clínicas: mayor edad en el momento de la gestación, menor planificación del embarazo, menor cantidad de controles prenatales, la mayoría de las consultas psiquiátricas se realizaron durante el puerperio. No se evidenció asociación entre madres con esquizofrenia y menor edad gestacional, menor peso del recién nacido o Apgar bajo, así como tampoco con la presencia de complicaciones obstétricas o neonatales.

A descriptive cohort study was conducted basedon the review of medical records and Perinatal Information System database (sip) of pregnant women with schizophrenia who were assisted atthe State Mental Facility (Hospital Vilardebó) from2009 to 2012. 35 cases of pregnancies which corresponded to 30 women were studied. Certainsocio-demographic and clinical characteristics were identified: age at the time of pregnancy,lower pregnancy planning, less prenatal medicalcare, most psychiatric consultations were heldduring the post-partum period. No associationwere found between mothers with schizophreniaand lower gestational age, low birth weight or low Apgar, nor the presence of obstetric or neonatal complications are evident.

Embarazo en pacientes con esquizofrenia / Pregnancy in patients with schizophrenia

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de cohorte basado en la revisión de historias clínicas y base de datos del Sistema Informático Perinatal (sip) de las pacientes portadoras de esquizofrenia y embarazadas que consultaron en el Hospital Vilardebó entre 2009-2012. Se estudiaron 35 casos de gestaciones que correspondieron a 30 mujeres. Se identificaron determinadas características sociodemográficas y clínicas: mayor edad en el momento de la gestación, menor planificación del embarazo, menor cantidad de controles prenatales, la mayoría de las consultas psiquiátricas se realizaron durante el puerperio. No se evidenció asociación entre madres con esquizofrenia y menor edad gestacional, menor peso del recién nacido o Apgar bajo, así como tampoco con la presencia de complicaciones obstétricas o neonatales.

Ganancia de peso gestacional como factor de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones obstétricas / Gestational weight gain as a risk factor for developing obstetric complications

La ganancia de peso gestacional es un fenómeno complejo influenciado no sólo por cambios fisiológicos y metabólicos maternos, sino también por el metabolismo placentario. Las mujeres que durante el embarazo tienen un índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal y una ganancia de peso adecuada, presentan una mejor evolución gestacional y del parto. Las mujeres con una ganancia de peso gestacional mayor a la recomendada presentan un incremento en el riesgo de tener hipertensión, diabetes mellitus, varices, coledocolitiasis, embarazos prolongados, retardo en el crecimiento intrauterino, mayor porcentaje de complicaciones al nacimiento, complicaciones trombóticas, anemia, infecciones urinarias y desórdenes en la lactancia. Por una parte, existe una relación entre el peso de la placenta y el volumen del líquido amniótico y, por la otra, el peso del recién nacido, probablemente también exista una relación con el tamaño del útero. Existen diferentes factores que dificultan que la ganancia de peso sea la adecuada, entre los que se encuentra una edad mayor o igual a 40 años. La ganancia excesiva de peso que se puede mantener, e incluso aumentar después del embarazo, dificulta que la mujer regrese a su peso ideal. En el primer trimestre, en la dieta (1,800 calorías) se debe incluir ingredientes saludables. En el segundo trimestre, el feto dobla su talla (a 2,500 calorías), al inicio del cuarto mes, hay que ir aumentando progresivamente las calorías hasta llegar a las 2,500 recomendadas por la OMS. Durante el tercer trimestre (2,750 calorías), en los últimos meses de gestación, se debe aportar a la dieta unas 2,750 calorías diarias y contener sólo unos 100 gramos de proteínas. La comprensión de los determinantes de la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo es esencial para el diseño de las intervenciones clínicas y de la salud de la madre y el bebé.

Gain of gestational weight is a complex phenomenon, not only influenced by maternal physiologic and metabolic changes, but also for the placental metabolism. The women that have a normal body weight index (BWI) and a gain of weight adapted during the gestation to the moment to be pregnancy present a better evolution in pregnancy and childbirth that those women with a gain of more weight to the one recommended. The women with a gain of gestational weight bigger than the increase the risk of having obstetric complications like hypertension, diabetes, coledocolitiasis, prolonged pregnancy, intra-uterine low growth, bigger percentage of complications to the birth, infections before and after the childbirth, thrombotic complications, anemia, bladder infections and disorder in the nursing. A relationship exists between the weight of the placenta and the volume the amniotic liquid, on one hand and the weight of the newly born one for other and that it probably exists also a relationship among the size of the uterus. Different types of complications exist when the gain of weight is not the appropriate one, among those that are the oldest age or similar to 40 years where a bigger risk of obstetric complications exists, this way the excessive gain of weight that can stay and even to increase after the pregnancy being therefore very difficult so that the woman to return to its ideal weight. In the first trimester (1,800 calories) should begin to include healthy ingredients. Second trimester, the fetus bends its size, to the beginning of the fourth month it is necessary to go increasing the calories intake progressively until arriving at the 2,500. Third trimester recommends an intake of 2,750 calories and to contain about 100 grams of proteins. The understanding of the determinant of the gain of weight during the pregnancy is essential for the design of the clinical interventions and of the mother's health and the baby.

Perinatal asphyxia: CNS development and deficits with delayed onset.

Perinatal asphyxia constitutes a prototype of obstetric complications occurring when pulmonary oxygenation is delayed or interrupted. The primary insult relates to the duration of the period lacking oxygenation, leading to death if not re-established. Re-oxygenation leads to a secondary insult, related to a cascade of biochemical events required for restoring proper function. Perinatal asphyxia interferes with neonatal development, resulting in long-term deficits associated to mental and neurological diseases with delayed clinical onset, by mechanisms not yet clarified. In the experimental scenario, the effects observed long after perinatal asphyxia have been explained by overexpression of sentinel proteins, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), competing for NAD(+) during re-oxygenation, leading to the idea that sentinel protein inhibition constitutes a suitable therapeutic strategy. Asphyxia induces transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory factors, in tandem with PARP-1 overactivation, and pharmacologically induced PARP-1 inhibition also down-regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Nicotinamide has been proposed as a suitable PARP-1 inhibitor. Its effect has been studied in an experimental model of global hypoxia in rats. In that model, the insult is induced by immersing rat fetus into a water bath for various periods of time. Following asphyxia, the pups are delivered, treated, and nursed by surrogate dams, pending further experiments. Nicotinamide rapidly distributes into the brain following systemic administration, reaching steady state concentrations sufficient to inhibit PARP-1 activity for several hours, preventing several of the long-term consequences of perinatal asphyxia, supporting the idea that nicotinamide constitutes a lead for exploring compounds with similar or better pharmacological profiles.