Restauração em resina composta semidireta em dente posterior: relato de caso / Semi-direct composite restoration in posterior toth: a case report

A escolha da técnica restauradora desempenha papel fundamental na eficácia e duração de um tratamento reabilitador. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi descrever a utilização da técnica semidireta para a confecção de uma restauração em resina composta em um primeiro molar inferior. A paciente apresentava uma restauração insatisfatória no dente 36, que necessitava ser substituída devido à infiltração por cárie. Optou-se pela técnica semidireta devido à amplitude da cavidade, que envolvia estruturas de suporte, e pela combinação das vantagens das abordagens direta e indireta. O procedimento envolveu a remoção de tecido cariado, a aplicação de hidróxido de cálcio pasta, seguida da aplicação de uma fina camada de ionômero de vidro e, posteriormente, resina fluída para realizar o selamento dentinário. O preparo foi realizado seguindo os princípios necessários. O elemento em questão foi moldado com silicone de adição e o arco antagonista, com alginato. Ambos modelos foram vertidos com silicone para modelos semirrígidos e montados em oclusor de peças de brinquedo. A restauração semidireta foi confeccionada em resina composta Filtek Z350 XT, respeitando a anatomia do dente 36. Pigmentos foram utilizados para aprimorar detalhes estéticos. Após acabamento e polimento, a peça foi condicionada e cimentada com cimento dual Relyx Ultimate. Pode-se concluir que a abordagem restauradora por meio da técnica semidireta construída em modelo semirrígido é uma opção terapêutica conservadora e vantajosa para dentes com extensa destruição coronária. Essa técnica possibilita a restauração de forma eficaz, garantindo tanto a estética quanto a função adequada do dente afetado(AU)

The choice of restorative technique plays a fundamental role in the effectiveness and duration of rehabilitation treatment. The objective of this case report was to describe the use of the semi-direct technique to create a composite resin restoration in a lower first molar. The patient had an unsatisfactory restoration on tooth 36, which needed to be replaced due to cavity infiltration. The semi-direct technique was chosen due to the amplitude of the cavity, which involved support structures, and the combination of advantages of the direct and indirect approaches. The procedure involved the removal of carious tissue, and the application of calcium hydroxide paste, followed by the application of a thin layer of glass ionomer and, subsequently, fluid resin to seal the dentin. The preparation was carried out following the necessary principles. The element in question was molded with addition silicone and the antagonist arch was molded with alginate. Both models were poured with silicone for semi-rigid models and mounted on toy parts occluders. The semi-direct restoration was made in Filtek Z350 XT composite resin, respecting the anatomy of tooth 36. Pigments were used to improve aesthetic details. After finishing and polishing, the piece was conditioned and cemented with Relyx Ultimate dual cement. It can be concluded that the restorative approach using the semi-direct technique built on a semi-rigid model is a conservative and advantageous therapeutic option for teeth with extensive coronal destruction. This technique allows for effective restoration, ensuring both the aesthetics and adequate function of the affected tooth(AU)

An Update on Current Trend in Sample Preparation Automation in Bioanalysis: strategies, Challenges and Future Direction.

Automation in sample preparation improves accuracy, productivity, and precision in bioanalysis. Moreover, it reduces resource consumption for repetitive procedures. Automated sample analysis allows uninterrupted handling of large volumes of biological samples originating from preclinical and clinical studies. Automation significantly helps in management of complex testing methods where generation of large volumes of data is required for process monitoring. Compared to traditional sample preparation processes, automated procedures reduce associated expenses and manual error, facilitate laboratory transfers, enhance data quality, and better protect the health of analysts. Automated sample preparation techniques based on robotics potentially increase the throughput of bioanalytical laboratories. Robotic liquid handler, an automated sample preparation system built on a robotic technique ensures optimal laboratory output while saving expensive solvents, manpower, and time. Nowadays, most of the traditional extraction processes are being automated using several formats of online techniques. This review covered most of the automated sample preparation techniques reported till date, which accelerated and simplified the sample preparation procedure for bioanalytical sample analysis. This article critically analyzed different developmental aspects of automated sample preparation techniques based on robotics as well as conventional sample preparation methods that are accelerated using automated technologies.

Cardiac Arrest Following GoLytely Consumption: A Potential Trigger for Hypovolemic Shock.

This case report presents a rare but severe complication of polyethylene glycol (PEG) used for colonoscopic bowel preparation. A 71-year-old male developed cardiac arrest secondary to hypovolemic shock following consumption of GoLytely. Despite being hemodynamically stable prior to ingestion, the patient experienced extreme weakness, dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension post-consumption. Evaluation ruled out other causes of arrest. While serious complications from PEG are rare, this case underscores the importance of vigilance. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the relationship between PEG use and cardiac events and to identify potential risk factors for adverse outcomes associated with bowel preparation regimens.

Current Status of Shared Decision-Making in Intraocular Lens Selection for Cataract Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To explore 1) the level of shared decision-making (SDM) participation in intraocular lens (IOL) selection in cataract patients and the factors that influence this participation and 2) the relationships between preparation for decision-making (PrepDM)and the level of SDM participation and satisfaction with the decision (SWD). Provide guidance for improving SDM in ophthalmology. Patients and Methods: 176 cataract patients were asked to complete the PrepDM scale, the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) and the SWD instrument in IOL decision-making process. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the level of SDM. The Process program and bootstrap sampling method was used to test whether the level of participation in SDM was a mediating variable among the three. Results: The SDM-Q-9 median score was 77.78 (IQR 31.11-88.89). Patients with a history of surgery in the operative eye (P=0.022) or PrepDM <60 points (P<0.001) had lower SDM-Q-9 scores than patients with no history of surgery in the operative eye or PrepDM ≥60 points. Patients with an education level lower than primary school had lower SDM-Q-9 scores than patients with other education levels (P<0.05). The PrepDM of cataract patients was positively correlated with the level of SDM (r=0.768, P<0.001) and with the SWD (r=0.727, P<0.001), and the level of SDM was positively correlated with the SWD (r=0.856, P<0.001). The level of SDM fully mediated PrepDM and SDW, with a mediating effect value of 0.128 and a mediating effect of 86.66% of the total effect. Conclusion: The SDM of cataract patients involved in IOL selection was in the upper middle range. Education, history of surgery in the operated eye, and PrepDM were factors that influenced the level of SDM. The level of participation in SDM fully mediated the relationship between PrepDM and SWD.

A Mini Chalk Talk Workshop for Fourth-Year Medical Students: Facilitating the Transition From Student to Resident Educator.

Introduction: There is increasing recognition that incoming interns benefit from formal training in teaching skills during UME. Many medical schools have capstone courses well suited for teacher-training content. Mini chalk talks (MCTs) are a common clinical teaching modality requiring a variety of teaching skills. We developed a session for our institution's capstone course in which students prepared and delivered MCTs. Methods: The voluntary flipped classroom session was offered virtually in 2021 and in person in 2022. Before the session, students reviewed materials on creating effective MCTs and developed and practiced their own MCT. During the 90-minute session, students presented their MCT to a group of students in the same or similar future specialties and received feedback from their peers and a facilitator. Results: Twenty-six percent of graduating students (95 of 370) in 16 specialties participated. Students had a statistically significant increase in confidence delivering effective MCTs (p < .01). On a 5-point Likert scale (1 = did not learn, 5 = a great amount), students' mean ratings of clinical knowledge and teaching skills gained from the session were 4.4 and 4.5, respectively. Qualitative feedback highlighted the benefits of receiving feedback on teaching (31 of 77 respondents, 40%), practicing teaching skills (21 of 77, 27%), and experiencing other students' MCTs (13 of 77, 17%). Discussion: Our MCT session provides a versatile, resource-efficient method of supporting students in transitioning to the role of resident educators. It also offers them an opportunity to receive valuable feedback on their teaching in a low-stakes environment.

Recent advances and applications of ionic covalent organic frameworks in food analysis.

Ionic covalent organic frameworks with both crystallinity and charged sites have attracted significant attention from the scientific community. The versatile textural structures, precisely defined channels, and abundant charged sites of ionic COFs offer immense potential in various areas such as separation, sample pretreatment, ion conduction mechanisms, sensing applications, catalytic reactions, and energy storage systems. This review presents a comprehensive overview of facile preparation methods for ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs), along with their applications in food sample pretreatment techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), and dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE). Furthermore, it highlights the extensive utilization of iCOFs in detecting various food contaminants including pesticides, contaminants from food packaging, veterinary drugs, perfluoroalkyl substances, and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. Specifically, this review critically discusses the limitations, challenges, and future prospects associated with employing iCOF materials to ensure food safety.

Wound Bed Preparation and Treatment Modalities.

Wound healing is a highly complex natural process, and its failure results in chronic wounds. The causes of delayed wound healing include patient-related and local wound factors. The main local impediments to delayed healing are the presence of nonviable tissue, excessive inflammation, infection, and moisture imbalance. For wounds that can be healed with adequate blood supply, a stepwise approach to identify and treat these barriers is termed wound bed preparation. Currently, a combination of patient-related and local factors, including wound debridement, specialty dressings, and advanced technologies, is available and successfully used to facilitate the healing process.

Effects of different preparation and cooking processes on the bioactive molecules of Allium vegetables.

Allium species are among the most widely cultivated vegetables for centuries for their positive effects on human health and their variety of uses in food preparation and cooking. Preparation and cooking processes create chemical changes that can affect the concentration and bioavailability of bioactive molecules. Understanding the changes in bioactive compounds and bioactive activities in Allium vegetables resulting from preparation and cooking processes is essential for better retention of these compounds and better utilization of their health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different preparation and cooking processes on the bioactive molecules of Allium vegetables. This review concludes that bioactive compounds in Allium vegetables are affected by each preparation and cooking process depending on variables including method, time, temperature. Owing to differences in the matrix and structure of the plant, preparation and cooking processes show different results on bioactive compounds and bioactive activities for different vegetables. Continued research is needed to help fill gaps in current knowledge, such as the optimal preparation and cooking processes for each Allium vegetable.

Liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions with low-temperature partitioning - A review.

The paper represents the first review of solvent extraction techniques utilizing the low-temperature partitioning/purification (LTP) approach. Initially conceived in the 1960s to purify extracts from fatty matrices, it wasn't until the 2000s that this approach received increasing attention for its efficacy in extracting organic compounds from diverse samples, often without additional cleanup steps. This review covers a brief history and proposes a mechanism for LTP-based solvent extraction. Furthermore, the principal practical issues of the technique are spotlighted, elucidating the factors influencing extraction efficiency. The advantages, limitations, and potential combinations with other extraction techniques of the LTP-based solvent extractions are analyzed. The versatility of the LTP approach is demonstrated by its applications in extracting various compounds from food, environmental, and biological samples, emphasizing its potential for rapid sample preparation with minimal steps, few chemicals, and minimal analyst intervention.

Orsay Virus Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Orsay virus infection in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans presents an opportunity to study host-virus interactions in an easily culturable, whole-animal host. Previously, a major limitation of C. elegans as a model for studying antiviral immunity was the lack of viruses known to naturally infect the worm. With the 2011 discovery of the Orsay virus, a naturally occurring viral pathogen, C. elegans has emerged as a compelling model for research on antiviral defense. From the perspective of the host, the genetic tractability of C. elegans enables mechanistic studies of antiviral immunity while the transparency of this animal allows for the observation of subcellular processes in vivo. Preparing infective virus filtrate and performing infections can be achieved with relative ease in a laboratory setting. Moreover, several tools are available to measure the outcome of infection. Here, we describe workflows for generating infective virus filtrate, achieving reproducible infection of C. elegans, and assessing the outcome of viral infection using molecular biology approaches and immunofluorescence. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of Orsay virus filtrate Support Protocol: Synchronize C. elegans development by bleaching Basic Protocol 2: Orsay virus infection Basic Protocol 3: Quantification of Orsay virus RNA1/RNA2 transcript levels by qRT-PCR Basic Protocol 4: Quantification of infection rate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) fluorescence intensity Basic Protocol 5: Immunofluorescent labeling of dsRNA in virus-infected intestinal tissue.

Collaborative study for the establishment of Human immunoglobulin (molecular size) BRP replacement batches 4, 5 and 6.

Human immunoglobulin products are used for the treatment of a number of diseases, such as primary or secondary immunodeficiencies and autoimmune conditions due to the complete absence of antibodies or the production of defective immunoglobulins. Quality control of human immunoglobulin products is essential to ensure therapeutic functionality and safety. This includes testing for Fc function and anticomplementary activity (ACA), as well as verification of appropriate molecular size distribution using size-exclusion chromatography as prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs 0338, 0918, 2788 and 1928. To this end, specific biological reference preparations (BRPs) must be used. Stocks of the Ph. Eur. Human immunoglobulin (molecular size) BRP were running low and therefore a collaborative study was run by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme, to calibrate replacement batches. Eighteen laboratories, including manufacturers and Official Medicines Control Laboratories, took part in the study. Three batches of candidate BRPs were assessed and compared to Ph. Eur. Human immunoglobulin (molecular size) BRP 3 to ensure continuity. Based on the study results, the candidate BRPs were adopted by the Ph. Eur. Commission as Ph. Eur. Human immunoglobulin (molecular size) BRP batch 4, 5 and 6.

Implementation Preparation Costs of Virtual Interview Training in Pre-Employment Transition Services: A Budget Impact Analysis.

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) and Virtual Interview Training for Transition Age Youth (VIT-TAY) demonstrated initial effectiveness at increasing employment among transition-age youth with disabilities engaged in pre-employment transition services. We characterized activities and estimated the labor and non-labor costs required to prepare schools to implement VR-JIT or VIT-TAY. Implementation preparation and support teams reported labor hours throughout the implementation preparation process. Implementation preparation labor hours at 43 schools cost approximately $1,427 per school, while non-labor costs were $100 per trainee (student). We estimated the replication of implementation preparation labor activities would cost $1,024 per school (range: $841-$1,208). Most costs were spent in delivery planning and teacher training. Given that implementation preparation costs can be barriers to intervention adoption, our results provide critical information for contemplating future implementation of VR-JIT or VIT-TAY.

A novel intervention for wound bed preparation in severe extremity trauma: Highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing.

Introduction: In severe extremity trauma involving large tissue defects, early closure (e.g., free-flap surgery) of the defects is an essential step for good functional reconstruction; however, in some cases, early closure may be difficult. Highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing, used to improve blood flow in ischemic limbs and skin ulcers, can also be applied in wound bed preparation for severe limb trauma. Patients and Methods: The three cases in this study required an average of 13 weeks of highly concentrated carbonated bathing, which led to significantly better wound bed preparation, even in the exposed bone and tendon regions. Results: We successfully achieved good functional limb reconstruction in patients with deep burns and severe open fractures by reducing wound infection and facilitating good wound bed preparation. Conclusions: Highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing was sufficient to prevent frequent wound infections, even in severe extremity trauma involving large soft-tissue defects such as deep crush burns and Gustilo Anderson classification ≥3b open fractures of the extremities. To our knowledge, such interventions have not been reported in the past and are valuable as new procedures for wound bed preparation in severe extremity trauma from both cost and wound infection control perspectives.

Study of CO2 Adsorption Properties on the SrTiO3(001) Surface with Ambient Pressure XPS.

The adsorption properties of CO2 on the SrTiO3(001) surface were investigated using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. On the Nb-doped TiO2-enriched (1 × 1) SrTiO3 surface, CO2 adsorption, i.e., the formation of CO3 surface species, occurs first at the oxygen lattice site under 10-6 mbar CO2 at room temperature. The interaction of CO2 molecules with oxygen vacancies begins when the CO2 pressure increases to 0.25 mbar. The adsorbed CO3 species on the Nb-doped SrTiO3 surface increases continuously as the pressure increases but starts to leave the surface as the surface temperature increases, which occurs at approximately 373 K on the defect-free surface. On the undoped TiO2-enriched (1 × 1) SrTiO3 surface, CO2 adsorption also occurs first at the lattice oxygen sites. Both the doped and undoped SrTiO3 surfaces exhibit an enhancement of the CO3 species with the presence of oxygen vacancies, thus indicating the important role of oxygen vacancies in CO2 dissociation. When OH species are removed from the undoped SrTiO3 surface, the CO3 species begin to form under 10-6 mbar at 573 K, thus indicating the critical role of OH in preventing CO2 adsorption. The observed CO2 adsorption properties of the various SrTiO3 surfaces provide valuable information for designing SrTiO3-based CO2 catalysts.

Effect of chewing gum in bowel preparation for patients undergoing small bowel and colon capsule endoscopy: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background and study aims Quality of bowel preparation and successful transit are critical factors for complete small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and colon capsule endoscopy (CCE). The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the impact of chewing gum as part of the bowel preparation regimen on the completion rate in both SBCE and CCE. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase. Data were extracted upon quality assessment of included studies. Two reviewers conducted the screening process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Eighty-four studies met the search criteria and four randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, these were assessed for bias using Minors. Pooled completion rate of SBCE studies was defined as the primary outcome. Results Three randomized controlled trials were SBCE studies and one was a CCE study. The pooled completion rate (91%) was not significantly higher in SBCE patients who were given chewing gum after capsule ingestion compared to those who were not (85%). Variance information was not reported in all studies, and therefore, pooled transit time estimates could not be calculated. Conclusions Chewing gum has a good safety profile but has only been used as a booster in one CCE study and a few SBCE studies. More prospective randomized controlled trials, therefore, are needed to investigate the efficacy of chewing gum for achieving complete capsule examination.

Evaluation of pulp tissue dissolution capacity through different sodium hypochlorite agitation protocols.

Aims: This ex vivo study aimed to assess the dissolving capacity of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using eight agitation protocols within swine pulp tissue. Subjects and Methods: Twelve lower first premolars were prepared and split into the fragments with a groove housing porcine dental pulp. Groups were assigned based on agitation systems: manual, passive ultrasonic, Easy Clean and XP-Endo Finisher. Two agitation time protocols were applied: One min (3 s × 20 s cycles) and 2 min (6 s × 20 s cycles). Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. Results: Both time frames demonstrated superior results compared to manual group (P > 0.5). However, in the two min groups, no significant differences were observed among the other protocols (P < 0.5). Intriguingly, increasing cycle numbers significantly improved results within each group (P > 0.5). Conclusion: Extending the chemical agitation time during final irrigation enhances tissue removal, regardless of the irrigation protocol employed.

Comparative evaluation of the effects of different torque settings on dentinal crack formation using single- and multi-file system: An in vitro study.

Context: To improve efficiency, biomechanical preparation in root canal treatment is shifting from manual SS to nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary devices. While multi-file NiTi systems entail crack and fracture issues, modern single-file systems address these concerns. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different torque settings on dentinal crack formation using single-file systems (SFS) (One Curve [OC]) and multi-file systems (ProTaper Next [PTN]) at different levels of the tooth. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 45 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars divided into groups: OC at minimal and maximal torque, PTN at minimal and maximal torque, and a control group. After canal preparation, teeth were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and then examined for cracks using a stereomicroscope. Statistical Analysis Used: This was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: PTN group: Highest crack rates at the middle (55.6%) and apical (77.8%) thirds with maximum torque; OC group: Highest rates at the middle (22.2%) with minimal torque and apical (11.1%) with maximum torque. Conclusions: Maximal torque settings had more incidence of cracks compared to minimal torque settings. It can be stated that SFS (OC) produced less cracks compared to multi-file system (PTN) at both minimal and maximal torque settings.

Cinnamaldehyde: Pharmacokinetics, anticancer properties and therapeutic potential (Review).

Cancer incidence is increasing globally, presenting a growing public health challenge. While anticancer drugs are crucial in treatment, their limitations, including poor targeting ability and high toxicity, hinder effectiveness and patient safety, requiring relentless scientific research and technological advancements to develop safer and more effective therapeutics. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), an active compound derived from the natural plant cinnamon, has garnered attention in pharmacological research due to its diverse therapeutic applications. CA has potential in treating a wide array of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammatory disorders and various forms of cancer. The present review comprehensively summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of CA, and delves into the latest advancements in elucidating its potential mechanisms and targets across various cancer types. CA and its derivatives have antitumor effects, which encompass inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, limiting cell migration and invasion, and suppressing angiogenesis. Additionally, the present review explores targeted formulations of CA, laying a scientific foundation for further exploration of its implications in cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

Microplastic loads in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) feces-targeting a standardized protocol and first results from an alpine stream, the River Inn.

Microplastics (MP) are omnipresent in a wide range of environments, constituting a potential threat for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. Effects in consumers range from physical injuries to pathological reactions. Due to potential bioaccumulation of MP, predators are of particular concern for MP induced health effects. The Eurasian otter is an apex predator in (semi-)aquatic habitats feeding primarily on fish. Furthermore, the species is classified as "near threatened" on the IUCN Red List. Thus, the Eurasian otter is of conservation concern and may serve as a bioindicator for MP pollution. Feces can be used to detect pollutants, including MP. Initial studies confirmed the presence of MP in otter feces (= spraints). However, as specific, validated protocols targeting at an efficient and standardized extraction of MP from otter spraints are missing, experimental results reported from different groups are challenging to compare. Therefore, we (i) present steps towards a standardized protocol for the extraction of MP from otter feces, (ii) give recommendations for field sample collection of otter spraints, and (iii) provide a user-friendly step-by-step workflow for MP extraction and analysis. Applying this framework to field samples from five study sites along the River Inn (n = 50), we detected MP of different sizes and shapes (ranging from microfibers to road abrasion and tire wear) in all otter spraint samples.