The impact of boarding school on student development in primary and secondary schools: a meta-analysis.

As a long-established model of schooling, the boarding system is commonly practiced in countries around the world. Numerous scholars have conducted a great deal of research on the relationship between the boarding school and student development, but the results of the research are quite divergent. In order to clarify the real effects of boarding school on students' development, this study used meta-analysis to quantify 49 (91 effect sizes) experimental or quasi-experimental studies on related topics at home and abroad. The results find that: (1) Overall, boarding school has no significant predictive effect on student development, with a combined effect size of 0.002 (p > 0.05); (2) Specifically, boarding school has a significant positive predictive effect on students' cognitive development (g = 0.248, p < 0.001), a significant negative predictive effect on students' affective and attitudinal development (g = -0.159, p < 0.05), and no significant predictive effect on students' behavioral development (g = -0.115, p > 0.05) and physical development (g = -0.038, p > 0.05); (3) The relationship between the two is moderated by the school stage and the type of boarding school, but not by the instruments; (4) Compared with primary school students, senior high school students and urban boarding students, the negative predictive effect of boarding system on junior middle school students and rural boarding students is more significant. In addition, there are some limitations in the study, such as the limited number of moderator variables included, the results of the study are easily affected by the quality of the included literature, and the dimensionality of the core variable "student development" is not comprehensive enough. In the future, further validation should be conducted through in-depth longitudinal or experimental studies.

A cross-sectional study on the analysis of the current situation of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi City in 2021: A case study of S district.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents have become one of the major public health threats. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the current status of depression and anxiety in primary and secondary school students in Urumqi and to provide a basis for early intervention in depressed and anxious individuals. METHODS: All primary and secondary school students in 13 schools in the Urumqi S district were surveyed from March 2021 to November 2021, and depression and anxiety were screened using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). RESULTS: Overall, 17,086 students participated, with 16,462 valid questionnaires and an effective rate of 96.3%; the numbers of primary, middle, and high school students were 3351, 10,469, and 2642, respectively, with 8493 male students and 7969 female students. The overall depression and anxiety detection rates of primary and secondary school students were 10.74 % and 14.85 %, respectively; the depression detection rates were 5.97 %, 12.05 %, and 11.62 % in elementary, middle, and high schools, respectively=114.8, P < 0.001), while that of anxiety were 9.16 %, 16.75 %, and 14.53 %, respectively (x2=127.5, P < 0.001); the overall depression combined with anxiety detection rate was 8.61 %, and the depression combined with anxiety detection rates in elementary, middle, and high school were 0.95 %, 6.27 %, and 1.39 %, respectively=86.34, P < 0.001). SDS scores in elementary, middle, and high school were (33.21 ± 10.16), (36.66 ± 12.83), and (36.90 ± 11.97), respectively, and SAS scores were (39.64 ± 8.41), (41.88 ± 10.03), (40.71 ± 9.26), respectively. The depression and anxiety scores of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi were lower than those of domestic norm; female students in the middle school group had the highest depression and anxiety scores among all school periods. The SDS and SAS individual scores showed differences in the frequency of specific symptoms and subjective feelings of depression and anxiety among students of different sex and school periods. Depression and anxiety detection rates were highest in secondary school and lowest in primary school; the detection rates of depression and anxiety were significantly higher in female students than in male students. Depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower in the primary school group than in the middle and high school groups, and depression and anxiety levels were significantly higher in female than in male students in each academic period. Female students were 2.045 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.845-2.267) and 2.006 (95 % CI: 1.835-2.193) times more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety than male students, respectively. Middle school students were 7.112 (95 % CI: 3.639-13.898) and 5.499 (95 % CI: 3.302-9.155) times and high school students were 7.504(95 % CI: 3.740-15.058) and 5.093 (95 % CI: 2.966-8.744) times more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety than elementary school students, respectively. LIMITATIONS: The pandemic may have impacted the results of the study, and this study did not explore the influencing factors of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety symptoms exist in some primary and secondary school students in S District, Urumqi.

[Assessment of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and analysis of policy effect during the period of the Program for the Development of Chinese Children 2011-2020].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and to analyze the policy effect during the period of the Program for the Development of Chinese Children 2011-2020 (PDCC 2011-2020). METHODS: The data of Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years were extracted from 8 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Students ' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) from 1985 to 2019. Malnutrition of students was evaluated according to the screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents. The changes of prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students were described by gender, urban and rural areas, age group and province, from 2010 to 2019. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trajectory of the prevalence of malnutrition among students aged 7 to 18 years from 1985 to 2019, so as to evaluate the policy effect of the PDCC 2011-2020. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China decreased from 12.7% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2019. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys and girls, urban and rural students, and students of all age groups showed a continuous downward trend (Ptrend < 0.001) from 2010 to 2019. From 2010 to 2019, 27 of the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) saw a significant decrease in the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. Joinpoint regression model showed that the prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students continued to decline from 1985 to 2019, but 2010 was the turning point in the downward trend. From 1985 to 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students decreased by an average of 2.4% per year (95%CI: 1.9%-2.8%, P < 0.001), and the downward trend accelerated after 2010, with an average annual decline of 4.3% (95%CI: 2.4%-6.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China continued to decline from 2010 to 2019, achieving the goal of controlling the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in the PDCC 2011-2020. The PDCC 2011-2020 may have played an important role in improving the malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. However, the problem of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students still exists, and it is still necessary to adhere to the coverage and financial support of the nutrition improvement plan in areas with high incidence of malnutrition.

Status of the poor vision among primary and secondary school students in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and analysis of the influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the status of poor vision and analyze the main influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of poor vision.METHODS: A total of 12 primary and secondary schools in a divisional urban district and regiment field of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were chosen using stratified cluster random sampling from August to October 2020. A total of 2 982 primary and secondary school students were selected for visual inspections and questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of poor vision.RESULTS: The rate of poor vision was 65.66% among 2 982 primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the majority severe poor vision. Furthermore, the rates of poor vision were higher in girls(70.17%)than that in boys(61.47%)(χ2=4.993, P<0.001)and the urban area(70.03%)were higher than the rural area(58.96%)(χ2=38.680, P<0.001)and the Han nationality students(66.83%)were higher than Uyghur students(52.82%)(χ2=19.772, P<0.001). The risk of poor vision increased with age(χ2trend =300.144, P<0.001), and by the age group ≥18 years old, the rate of poor vision reached 80.47%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the women, the age≥13 years old, writing and reading duration every day ≥2h, cram school on weekends and presence of myopia in parents increases the risk of poor vision, increase the outdoor exercise time, sleep time ≥8h, and do eye exercises every day can reduce the occurrence of poor vision.CONCLUSION: Poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is higher than that of many regions in the country. Girls with the age(≥13 years old)whose parents are myopic should receive special attention. Increasing outdoor exercise time, doing eye exercises every day, and keeping your eyes more than one foot away from books when reading and writing is effective in preventing poor vision.

Differences and causes of myopia among students in different stages in the same region in Xi'an / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To gather baseline data on visual acuity by screening students from different stages in the same administrative district of Xi'an, as well as to analyze and investigate disparities in myopia rates among students from different stages in this area.METHODS: A total of 13 707 students from 21 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 3 general high schools and 1 vocational high school were randomly selected for uncorrected distance visual acuity and computerized refraction testing in 28 schools with a random sampling approach.RESULTS: The detection rate of myopia in elementary, middle, high and vocational high schools in the same region of Xi'an were 32.27%, 72.07%, 81.22% and 65.12%, respectively; The total myopia rate of students was 47.81%; The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys in all grades; The myopia rates of elementary and middle schools increased with the growth of grades; The percentage of high myopia increased from 2.40% in elementary schools to 16.51% in high schools with the growth of grades.CONCLUSION: The myopia rate in different stages of the same region is different, and it tends to rise with the gronth of grades; Girls have a higher myopia rate than boys; Compared to the results of the national survey on myopia in different grades of children and adolescents in 2018, the myopia rate in the same region has decreased significantly in 2021 of the elementary school level, although myopia rate of middle school and high school stage do not rise, the decline is not obvious.

[Relationship between nutritional status and breakfast behaviors of rural primary and middle school students in a minority area of a city in Guizhou Province in 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors of rural primary and middle school students in a minority area in a certain city of Guizhou Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention. METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in this study, 3952 students from 6 primary and middle schools in a certain city of Guizhou Province were selected from April to June 2019 for height and weight measurement(1966 boys, 1986 girls, age(10.81±2.88) years old), among which 2833 students in grade 4 and above were surveyed(1374 boys and 1459 girls, age(13.44±1.94) years old), through the questionnaire to understand students& apos; basic information, breakfast and eating behaviors and so on, Using multi-factor Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and breakfast behavior. RESULTS: The height and weight of Han male students and female students in all age groups were slightly higher than those of ethnic minorities, but they tended to overlap gradually by the age of 16.The general height and weight of students in this area were lower than the 2014 national average. The general malnutrition rate of students was 21.39%, and the growth retardation rate was 13.13%, the moderate-to-severe wasting rate 3.04% and the mild wasting rate 5.22%. The malnutrition rate of minority students(24.72%) was higher than that of Han students(18.73%)(χ~2=14.93, P& lt; 0.05), the malnutrition rate of boys(26.49%) was higher than that of girls(16.59%)(χ~2=41.29, P& lt; 0.05). The sum of the rate of overweight and obesity of the students was 8.65%, among which the overweight rate was 6.42% and the obesity rate was 2.22%. There was no statistically significant difference in the variables between overweight and obese students(P& gt; 0.05). The breakfast behavior situation showed that rice noodle products(71.66%) were the most frequently consumed by primary and middle school students in the city. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of breakfast, the quality of breakfast, fresh vegetables, milk and products, and the frequency of meat/egg/fish were the main influencing factors of malnutrition. The differences were statistically significant(P& lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: The growth and development status of primary and middle school students in a city of Guizhou Province mainly includes malnutrition, and the rate of overweight and obesity is not high, but prevention and control should still be paid attention to. The frequency and quality of breakfast are important influencing factors of malnutrition.

Awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters with human papillomavirus vaccines among parents of primary and middle school students / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine and willingness to vaccinate daughters among parents of primary and middle school students, so as to provide the reference for the promotion of HPV vaccine in primary and middle school girls.@*Methods @#Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, the parents of girls in in Grade Four to Nine from schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou, Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing and Wuxing District of Huzhou were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HPV vaccine related knowledge and willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines among parents. @*Results @#Totally 1 500 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 466 were effectively collected, with an effective rate of 97.73%. There were 313 fathers responded, accounting for 21.35%; and 1 153 mothers responded, accounting for 78.65%. The awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 16.81%. The rate of willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines was 49.86%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who ever vaccinated daughters with self-paid vaccines ( OR=1.935, 95%CI: 1.473-2.541 ), knew cervical cancer ( OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.065-1.904 ), knew HPV vaccine dose ( OR=1.672, 95%CI:1.216-2.301 ), knew the best vaccination period ( OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.032-1.876 ), knew the need of cervical cancer screening even after vaccination ( OR=1.596, 95%CI:1.227-2.075) were more willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines, while the parents who thought HPV vaccine expensive ( OR=0.154, 95%CI: 0.099-0.240 ) were less willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. @*Conclusions @#The rates of HPV vaccine awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters are 16.81% and 49.86% among parents of primary and middle school students. Their knowledge of HPV vaccine and the price of the vaccine may affect their willingness to vaccinate daughters.

Influencing factors for abnormality of the angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the influencing factors for the primary and secondary school students with abnormal angle of trunk rotation for the prevention.@*Methods@#The students of Grade Four to Nine in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province were selected by cluster sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect social demographic data, diet behaviors, physical activities, reading and writing habits. The angle of trunk rotation was measured by scoliometer. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation. @*Results@#This study included 2 942 schoolchildren, with 1 582 ( 53.78% ) boys and 1 360 ( 46.23% ) girls. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation was 7.82%. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls was 10.74%, which was higher than 5.31% in boys ( P<0.05 ). Grade ( OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.058-2.085 ), gender ( OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.536-2.828 ), frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.633-0.887 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.002-1.408 ) were the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students. Grade ( OR=2.664, 95%CI: 1.481-4.791 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.030-1.704 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in boys. Frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.574-0.887 ) and uncorrected eyesight less than 5.0 ( OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.164-2.767 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls. @*Conclusion@#The abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students is related to gender, grade, reading and writing behaviors as well as diets; and the influencing factors are different in male and female students.

Influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary schoolstudents in Suzhou / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. @*Methods@#The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors.@*Results@#A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.

Pedestrian traffic safety behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou,and to provide reference for formulating traffic safety strategy. @*Methods@# In October 2015,nine campuses of six schools in Xiacheng District were selected to observe the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of the primary and secondary school students walking to and from school,such as taking the zebra crossing,observing the traffic condition,running and playing with cellphones when walking across the road.@*Results@#Totally 2 585 students were investigated,and 2 580 students were valid（99.81%）. When walking across the road,1 887 people took the zebra crossing,accounting for 73.14%;71.89% of boys and 74.51% of girls took the zebra crossing,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.76% and 81.32% of the students took the zebra crossing on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. When walking across the road,1 683 students people observed the traffic conditions,accounting for 65.23%;63.61% of boys and 67.02% of girls observed the traffic conditions,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.05% and 66.39% of the students observed the traffic conditions on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）.There were 362 students running across the road, accounting for 14.03%;15.31% of boys and 12.62% of girls ran across the road,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;9.26% and 18.68% of the students ran across the road on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. There were 53 students playing with cellphones when crossing the road,accounting for 2.05%;2.29% of boys and 1.79% of girls played with cellphones,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;1.41% and 2.68% of the students played with cellphones on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. @*Conclusions @#Primary and secondary school students have dangerous behaviors when walking across the road. We should focus on the intervention of not taking the zebra crossing and not observing traffic conditions when crossing the road on the way to school,and playing with cellphones on the way home.

Investigation of myopia and influencing factors in primary and secondary school students in Shashi district, Jingzhou city, Hubei Province / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and its impacting factors among adolescents in schools of Shashi district, Jingzhou city in 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of myopia.<p>METHODS: Totally 10 353 primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 were selected through the method of cluster stratified sampling in the central area and rural-urban area of Shashi. The number of students with myopia was 5 456, and the prevalence rate was 52.70%. A total of 10 353 on-site questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for related factors. <p>RESULTS: The subjects of this survey were 8 primary and secondary schools in the central area and 6 primary and secondary schools in suburban area. The prevalence of myopia was 60.34% in the central area and 11.43% in rural-urban area(<i>P</i><0.01). Outdoor activities and correct reading and writing gesture are preventive factors for myopia. Three risk factors for myopia include age, time spent on electronic devices and continuous working hours after class. <p>CONCLUSION: The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Shashi district of Jingzhou city is at a high level, especially in the downtown area. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of adolescent myopia, schools and families should make joint efforts to increase time of outdoor activities, and improve the eye environment for adolescent.

[Road traffic injury happened on the way to school, among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province in 2018].

Objective: To understand the current situation of road traffic injuries among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city. Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, more than 9 000 primary and secondary school students from 20 primary and secondary schools in Mengzi city, were randomly sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occurrence of road traffic injuries in school students. Results: A total of 9 197 students were surveyed, including 150 from road traffic injuries. The incidence rates of road traffic injuries was 1.63% among students in Mengzi city and 2.85% among junior high school students, with the high incidence in May. The leading places of injuries were village roads (38.00%), city roads (33.33%) and district roads (12.67%), respectively. 26.67% of the traffic injuries occurred on the way to or from schools, with riding on electric bicycle (52.00%) as the major cause and contusion/abrasion (75.33%) appeared as the major signs. Both lower and upper limbs plus multiple parts were accounting for 45.51%, 22.16% and 16.17%, respectively of all the injuries. 70.67% of all the cases with road traffic injuries in children, recovered after treatment. Children with road traffic injuries would stay in the hospital for up to 90 days but spent less than 30 000 Yuan. Conclusion: The incidence of road traffic injuries among students in Mengzi city seemed relatively high, with junior high school students reached the highest. Riding electric bicycle appeared as the leading cause for traffic injuries in children in Mengzi city of Yunnan province.

Road traffic injury happened on the way to school, among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province in 2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the current situation of road traffic injuries among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city.@*Methods@#Using the cluster random sampling method, more than 9 000 primary and secondary school students from 20 primary and secondary schools in Mengzi city, were randomly sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occurrence of road traffic injuries in school students.@*Results@#A total of 9 197 students were surveyed, including 150 from road traffic injuries. The incidence rates of road traffic injuries was 1.63% among students in Mengzi city and 2.85% among junior high school students, with the high incidence in May. The leading places of injuries were village roads (38.00%), city roads (33.33%) and district roads (12.67%), respectively. 26.67% of the traffic injuries occurred on the way to or from schools, with riding on electric bicycle (52.00%) as the major cause and contusion/abrasion (75.33%) appeared as the major signs. Both lower and upper limbs plus multiple parts were accounting for 45.51%, 22.16% and 16.17%, respectively of all the injuries. 70.67% of all the cases with road traffic injuries in children, recovered after treatment. Children with road traffic injuries would stay in the hospital for up to 90 days but spent less than 30 000 Yuan.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of road traffic injuries among students in Mengzi city seemed relatively high, with junior high school students reached the highest. Riding electric bicycle appeared as the leading cause for traffic injuries in children in Mengzi city of Yunnan province.

Analysis of Chronic Disease Prevention Literacy among Primary and Secondary School Students in Dalian / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To understand the current status of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and secondary school students in Dalian and to provide evidence for developing health education regarding chronic diseases and promotion strategies in students. Methods A total of 1 058 students from four districts or counties in Dalian were investigated through a questionnaire survey using stratified cluster sampling in 2015. A multiple linear regression method from Stata 15. 0 was used to identify the influencing factors of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and junior school students. Results The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy was 6. 62 ％ among primary and junior school students in Dalian,and it was higher in urban students than in those from rural areas (P <0. 001),higher in junior school than in primary school (P < 0. 001),and higher in girls than in boys (P = 0. 034). There also appeared to be a positive regression relationship with parents' higher education degrees (P < 0. 001). Conclusion The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy is low among primary and secondary school students in Dalian. We should strengthen their health literacy level, mobilize the role of their parents,and especially increase chronic disease prevention awareness and the self-care ability of the rural students.

Investigation on awareness status of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the awareness status of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in malaria endemic areas of Shandong Province,so as to provide the baseline information for formulating the malaria control strategy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 TypeⅡmalaria-endemic counties in Shandong Province. A struc-tured questionnaire survey was administrated to students in primary and secondary schools. Results A total of 1 884 students were completed with the questionnaires and all were effective. The total awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 65.9%, and 54.7% of the students knew the transmission route of malaria and only 31.5% of the students were aware of the preventive methods of malaria. There were significant differences of the awareness scores of malaria control knowledge among different malar-ia endemic areas but there were no significant differences between the awareness rates of male and female students and between two different education levels. Conclusions The awareness of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in Shandong Province is poor;therefore,the health education of malaria control knowledge for primary and secondary school students should be strengthened.

A matched case-control study on risk factors related to sports injuries in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors and to provide evidence for prevention and reduction of sports injuries in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Methods 1:1 case-control study was conducted on both 349 cases and controls under the same distribution of sex, age and grade. Conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationships between risk factors and injuries. Results Severe soles wear (OR=7.20, 95% CI: 2.37-21.84),tiredness (OR= 14.34,95%CI:2.29-89.66) or sickness (OR=1.96,95%CI: 1.29-3.06) when participating in sports at a high frequency and history of previous injuries (OR=2.11,95%CI: 1.41-3.96) were risk factors related to sports injury while guidance by teachers and physical education provided by teachers during training (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.79) , appropriate protection (OR= 0.36, 95%CI: 0.20-0.64) as well as warming-up exercise (OR=0.31,95%CI: 0.14-0.67) at a high frequency were protective factors for sports injury. Conclusion Prevention and control on sports injury need to improve the awareness on sports safety for students and teachers in order to develop positive behavior on sports safety.