Road traffic accidents involvement among commercial taxi drivers in Nigeria: Structural equation modelling approach.

Taxis are essential to economic growth due to the ease and comfort they offer passengers. This is evident as most cities, especially in Africa, are dominated by taxis providing door-to-door services. However, their susceptibility to road traffic accidents (RTA) raises serious concerns due to their risky driving behaviours. In contrast, studies on taxi driver involvement in RTA due to their risky driving behaviours are sparse, especially in African countries. Consequently, the study examined the relationship between risky driving behaviour and traffic accident involvement among Nigerian commercial taxi drivers using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Prior to the structural model analysis, the modified driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) was valid. This was assessed through the measurement model, and the results showed that the composite reliability, average variance extracted, and discriminant validity were greater than 0.7, greater than 0.5, and less than 0.90, respectively. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling results show that the driving violation and driving error constructs influenced road traffic accidents among taxi drivers, while inattention error was insignificant (p > 0.05). Although driving violations and errors significantly increase the chances of RTA among taxi drivers, driving violations had a more substantial influence than driving errors. Also, the regression coefficient indicates the risky driving behaviour of commercial taxi drivers accounts for 5.2 % of the RTAs in Nigeria. This research contributed to validating the DBQ for commercial taxi drivers in Nigeria, examining the influence of their driving violations, driving errors, and inattention errors on accident involvement and that inattention error may not necessarily influence accidents, which will aid policymakers in formulating mitigative strategies for RTA reductions. Moreso, it will guide driver trainers in curriculum development for specific commercial taxi driver training.

Outcome and Management of Occipitofrontal Contrecoup Head Injury.

Contrecoup brain injury refers to the classical opposite of the primary impact. Tamil Nadu has the highest rate of road traffic accident in India. Madurai has peak mortality due to accidents in India. Previous studies done on contrecoup head injury had shown patterns of injuries and mechanism of injury. Outcome and management of only occipitofrontal contrecoup head injury has been taken in this study. Mortality in this specific group is very high. Seventy-six patients of this specific head injury were admitted at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Patients were assessed for Glasgow coma scale (GCS), age, sex, progression of volume, mortality, traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy, and pillion rider outcome. Fourteen patients were surgically treated by decompressive craniectomy. Conservative management was done by antiepileptic and antiedema measures. Mostly affected were males ( n = 54) followed by females ( n = 22). GCS on admission mean value 9. In our study, mortality was 32% with sudden death of three patients due to hypothalamic compression. Hospital stay of the patient was significantly increased with progression of lesion with mean 9 days and p -value less than 0.01. Pillion riders ( n = 18) were also affected in our study. Traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy ( n = 12) was also detected, which was treated by injection tranexamic acid and injection vitamin K, thereby not leading to any death due to coagulopathy with significant p -value less than 0.01. We recommend helmet for both main and pillion rider with strict speeding regulations.

Magnitude and outcome of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in dessie town governmental hospitals, Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic accidents(RTA) are a major public health problem worldwide, accounting for almost 1.24 million deaths per year and it is the number one cause of death among those aged group 15-29 years. Even though there are great benefits from access to road transportation there also poses a great challenge in the individual's daily activities ranging from minor injury to death. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the magnitude and outcome of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in Dessie Town Governmental Hospitals, Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: A five-year hospital-based retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among 377 road traffic accident patients admitted to Dessie Town Governmental hospitals. Data were collected by simple random methods based on patient chart reviews from June 7/, 2022 to May 23/ 2017 using a checklist adapted from the WHO standard hospital-based road traffic accident questionnaires after obtaining consent from the concerned authority. EPI-Data software version 7.2 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) in the final multinomial logistic regression model. RESULTS: The magnitude of road traffic accidents was 59%, using of logistic multi nominal logistic regression we found results such that, road traffic victims who had unstable vital signs at admission (AOR = 6.4,95% CI; 2.5-16.6), didn't get prehospital treatment (AOR = 9.3,95% CI; 4-20), and severe injury (AOR = 9, 95% CI;7-15.4), had a Glasgow coma scale of 3-5 (AOR = 5.2,95% CI; 1.4-20) were found predictors for death were as unstable vital signs at admission (AOR = 3.79,95%CI;2.1-6.8), Doesn't get prehospital treatment (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI; 1.4-5.7), Hospital stay for one to two months duration (AOR = 6,95% CI;2.3-15), and greater than two months duration (AOR = 6.5,95%CI;2.5-17) were found predictors for disability among road traffic victims. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Road traffic accidents constitute a major public health problem in our setting and contribute significantly to excessively high morbidity and mortality. Unstable vital signs at admission, Client doesn't get prehospital treatment, severely injured client, and had a Glasgow coma scale of 3-5 were found predictors for death were as an unstable vital sign at admission, Client doesn't get pre-hospital treatment, Hospital stays for one to two months duration, and greater than two months duration were found predictors for disability among road traffic victims.

Road traffic accidents and the contributing factors among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town, Ethiopia: a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Traffic accidents on the road is an accident is a terrible accident that causes death, injury, and property damage. However, limited studies were addressed to investigate the prevalence of traffic accidents on the road and the contributing factors among drivers that help in developing strategies to cop-up the incidence within the research domain in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of road traffic accidents and the contributing factors among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was employed among 376 drivers of public transportation. Every research subject was selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires which comprised demographic characteristics, risky personal behaviors and lifestyles, driver's factors, vehicle condition, and environmental conditions were used to gather data. And then after, data was collected through interviewer-administered using KoBo Collect tools. Completed data were edited and cleaned in the Kobo collect toolbox and then exported for additional analysis to a statistical tool for social science statistics version 26. The descriptive statistics were displayed as figures, tables, and texts. Binary logistic regression was analyzed to identify the contributing factors. Statistically significant was decided with a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was 17%. The study identified factors influencing traffic accidents on the roads including marital status (being single), employee condition (permanent), monthly income (1001-2500 Ethiopia Birr), alcohol use, vehicle maintenance (not), road type (non-asphalt), and weather conditions (being windy). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was relatively low. Despite this, sociodemographic characteristics, driver factors, vehicle conditions, and environmental conditions [road type and weather conditions] were the predicting factors of traffic accidents in town. Therefore, reduction strategies should be the highest priority duty for concerned bodies like Mizan Aman town road and transport office, Bench Sheko zone transport and logistics office, and Southwest Ethiopia People Regional State (SWEPRS) transport bureau in the study area.

Navigating Road Traffic Accidents in Jordan: A Retrospective Exploration of the Health and Economic Impacts.

Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are considered a major public health threat. The causes of RTAs are multifactorial, comprising both human and non-human factors. RTAs may result not only in detrimental health consequences but also in serious economic burdens. This study aimed to provide a retrospective overview of the health and economic impacts of RTAs in Jordan during the period 2013-2021, including the implemented multisectoral mitigation strategies. Methodology This study presents a retrospective chart review of the traffic reports published by the Public Security Directorate (PSD) in Jordan during the period 2013-2021. The examined variables were the total number of road accidents involving human injuries per year, average road accidents per day, annual deaths, average deaths per day, deaths per 100,000 population, annual number of injuries, average number of injuries per day, severity of human injury, number of registered vehicles, and the annual financial costs. Data were extracted from PSD reports and presented descriptively. Results The number of registered vehicles has risen from 1,263,754 in 2013 to 1,795,215 in 2021 with a 42.1% increase. This was also associated with an increase in the average RTAs per day from 28.0 in 2013 to 30.8 in 2021. The total number of RTAs that involved human injuries during the period 2013-2021 fluctuated with 8,451 in 2020 (lowest) and 11,241 in 2021 (highest). In the same period, annual deaths caused by RTAs peaked in 2013 with 768 deaths (highest) compared to 461 in 2020 (lowest). In the five years from 2017 to 2021, the total financial cost of RTAs in Jordan was nearly 1.561 billion Jordanian Dinars (~2.2 billion U.S. dollars) compared to 1.363 billion Jordanian Dinars (~1.92 billion U.S. dollars) in the five years from 2012 to 2016. Conclusions Targeting human and road infrastructure factors through effective government-society partnerships is crucial in mitigating the health and economic burden of RTAs in Jordan. More strict enforcement of traffic laws, along with incremental increases in the penalties for dangerous traffic violations, and regular road safety campaigns are expected to provide more control over the human factors of RTAs. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the recently amended traffic law on the trends of RTAs in the country.

Fabrication of Implant-Supported Auricular Prosthesis Using Artificial Intelligence.

The absence of any organ of the facial region causes an asymmetrical appearance. This asymmetrical appearance can cause social dilemmas for the patient. The maxillofacial technician, the prosthodontist, and the patient must work closely together to fabricate an epithesis. On the implants, a superstructure is first constructed. Most of it is made up of rings and a bar that joins the implants. The firm acrylic resin base of the epithesis is equipped with clips that serve as the epithesis's retention mechanism. The actual epithesis is made of silicone rubber. The epithesis has to be shaped and colored with extreme caution. An appropriate substitute is an auricular prosthesis that is implant-retained. Microtia, deformity, malformation, and loss of the external ear, either partially or completely, can result from a variety of inherited genetic conditions. To evaluate the symmetry of both ears, artificial intelligence (AI) software is used. An Instagram lens Gridset by crystalwavesxx was used to correct and verify the bilateral symmetry of the patient. This case report primarily focuses on the fabrication of implant-supported auricular prostheses using AI.

Comparative Evaluation of Mortality Predictors in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Single-center Observational Study Assessing Injury Severity Score Revised Trauma Score Trauma and Injury Severity Score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Scores.

Aim: This prospective cohort study aimed to compare the predictive accuracy of outcome (survival/death) among trauma patients using various prognostic scores. Methods: Over 3 months, 240 trauma patients in a tertiary care hospital were assessed for demographic details, trauma characteristics, vital signs, Glasgow coma scale, arterial blood gas values, and lab markers. Injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) were applied at admission, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-admission. Results: Road traffic accidents (55.83%) were the primary cause of trauma, followed by falls (33.75%) and violence (10.41%). The all-cause mortality rate was 23.33%, with 34.16% requiring ICU admission. Head injuries (65.83%) were both the most frequent injury site and cause of mortality. Conclusion: Analysis indicated that APACHE II outperformed other scores in predicting outcomes, with ISS following closely. The study concludes that trauma severity correlates with ICU admission and mortality, emphasizing APACHE II as a superior predictor, particularly for traumatic brain injuries leading to ICU admission and mortality. Clinical significance: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by addressing the gap in comparing prognostic abilities among scoring systems for trauma patients. The unexpected superiority of APACHE II suggests its potential as a valuable tool in predicting outcomes in this specific patient population. How to cite this article: Gupta J, Kshirsagar S, Naik S, Pande A. Comparative Evaluation of Mortality Predictors in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Single-center Observational Study Assessing Injury Severity Score Revised Trauma Score Trauma and Injury Severity Score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Scores. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(5):475-482.

Trends in Traumatic Brain Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Review of Patient Charts From Pakistan.

Introduction A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of injury-related deaths, making it a public health concern of extreme importance. In a developing country such as Pakistan, TBIs are significantly underreported, with the treatment frequently being delayed and inadequate, especially in rural healthcare setups all across the country. This concern is further magnified by insufficient epidemiological data on TBIs available in Pakistan. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought consequential changes to the healthcare system with the priority shifting toward COVID-19 patients, resulting in considerable changes to the workflow and management of TBIs. The primary objective of this study is to offer valuable insights into the epidemiology of TBIs in Pakistan and its relationship with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in a metropolitan city in Pakistan. Patient charts were reviewed from January to August 2020, and data was extracted including demographics, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes for cases of TBI. Results The total number of patients is 2126, male 78% and female 21.4%. The mean age of the patients was 28.85. The state of admissions at the hospital is at 99.7% for EME admissions and 0.282% for OPD admissions. Participants presented with loss of consciousness (70.7%), nosebleeds, (53.2%), vomiting (69.0%), and seizures (11.5%). The majority (51.1%) were related to road traffic accidents, followed by falls (20.7%), and assaults (4%). While 1202 (58.5%) of these were managed conservatively, others underwent surgical treatment in the form of craniotomy (28.0%), Burr holes (3.20%), and fracture elevation and repair (10.5%). A decrease in the number of reported TBI cases was observed with lockdown implementation in Pakistan. Conclusion The transportation sector in Pakistan was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a decline in road traffic injuries and TBIs. Stringent mobility constraints and changes in societal and cultural norms have contributed to this reduction.

Identification of the best machine learning model for the prediction of driver injury severity.

Predicting the injury severities sustained by drivers engaged in road traffic accidents is a key topic of research in road traffic safety. The current study analyzed the driver injury severity (DIS) using twelve machine learning (ML) algorithms. These models were implemented using 0.70, 0.80, and 0.90 train ratios and 5-, 10- and 15-fold cross-validation. Ten years of accident data (from 2011 to 2020) was obtained from police department of Shillong, India. A total of 693 accidents were documented, with 68% being nonfatal and 32% being fatal. Precision, recall, accuracy, F1 score and area under the curve measures were used to compare the performance of all twelve ML models. Overall, the light gradient-boosting machine model was shown to be the best ML model for predicting the injury severities of drivers engaged in road traffic incidents. Finally, variable importance analysis results showed that cause of accident, collision type and types of vehicles were the most influencing factors in nonfatal and fatal driver accidents. The results also revealed that age and gender were slightly associated with DIS. The findings of the current research could be helpful to road safety agencies for the implementation of suitable countermeasures to increase driver safety in road accidents.

Injury Patterns and Gender in Italy.

Introduction: Globally, injuries pose significant public health challenges, with road traffic accidents in particular being responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic distress. Italy has been significantly impacted due to its high population density and frequency of road traffic and domestic incidents. Method: This study set out to investigate the incidence of self-reported road traffic and home and leisure accidents in the Italian general population. A particular emphasis was placed on exploring possible gender differences across varying age groups. The data was obtained from the European Health Interview Survey and a representative sample of the Italian population was analyzed. Results: The analysis revealed that regardless of age, women experienced a reduced risk of road traffic accidents compared to men. However, gender disparities in home-leisure accidents were observed to be age-dependent. Women under the age of 25 exhibited a lower likelihood of home-leisure accidents and serious accidents necessitating hospital admission in comparison to their male counterparts. In contrast, women aged 65 and above had an increased likelihood of home-leisure accidents as opposed to men in the same age category. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering age and gender as significant factors in the occurrence of different types of accidents, offering insight into how injury rates vary between these demographic groups within Italy.

Trauma Outcomes in Pediatric Nonfatal Road Traffic Accidents.

BACKGROUND: By 2025, road traffic injuries are projected to rank third in the global burden of disease, posing a significant challenge that affects health, social well-being, and economic aspects. According to data from the Romanian Police National Statistics Center, there have been an average of 342 traffic accidents per year involving pediatric patients over the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective research study was conducted, encompassing 358 cases of road traffic accidents identified for the study, with data collected over a span of eight years, and with the aim of analyzing the types of injury and treatment methods in relation to age and sex, while also focusing on the duration of hospitalization and the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: An oscillating trend is observed from 2015 to 2020, with its lowest value recorded in 2017 at around 6.8% and its peak in 2019 at 20.1%. Notably, post-pandemic (COVID-19), the cases underwent a substantial decline of approximately 60%. At least 78.7% of those who did not undergo orthopedic reduction required surgery, whereas among those who underwent orthopedic reduction, only 23.4% needed surgery. Regarding the frequency of complications 17.3% of the total cases experienced complications. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, age has a significant effect on the type of accident (p < 0.05). Complications occurred in 17.3% of patients, most commonly surgical (24 cases, 38.7%), orthopedic (17 cases, 27.4%), and neurological (15 cases, 24.2%).

Hospital preparedness assessment for road traffic accidents with mass casualties: a cross-sectional study in Kurdistan Province, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are predicted to become the world's seventh leading cause of death by 2030. Given the significant impact of RTAs on public health, effective hospital preparedness plays a pivotal role in managing and mitigating associated health and life-threatening issues. This study aims to meticulously evaluate the preparedness of selected hospitals in western Iran to handle road traffic accidents with mass casualties (RTAs-MC). METHODS: The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure hospitals' preparedness levels. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and mean) were utilized to provide an overview of the data, followed by analytical statistics (Spearman correlation test) to examine the relationship between hospital preparedness and its dimensions with the hospital profile. Data analysis, performed using SPSS software, categorized preparedness levels as weak, moderate, or high. RESULTS: The study found that hospitals in Kurdistan province had a favorable preparedness level (70.30) to respond to RTAs-MC. The cooperation and coordination domain had the highest preparedness level (98.75), while the human resource management (59.44) and training and exercise (54.00) domains had the lowest preparedness levels. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between hospital preparedness and hospital profile, including factors such as hospital specialty, number of beds, ambulances, staff, and specialized personnel, such as emergency medicine specialists. CONCLUSION: Enhancing preparedness for RTAs-MC necessitates developing response plans to improve hospital profile, considering the region's geographic and topographic features, utilizing past experiences and lessons learned, implementing of Hospital Incident Command System (HICS), providing medical infrastructure and equipment, establishing communication channels, promoting cooperation and coordination, and creating training and exercise programs.

Morel-Lavallée lesion of the lumbosacral region: A rare case report and comprehensive review of the literature.

The presentation of a Morel-Lavallée lesion in the lumbosacral region following a road traffic accident is an uncommon clinical entity. Knowledge of this rare site of occurrence can help in early diagnosis and proper management.

Knowledge and Attitude Toward Child Safety Seat Use in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Car safety seats (CSS) are a well-established strategy to reduce injuries and fatalities among children involved in road traffic accidents. However, the use of CSS is generally low globally due to limited knowledge of its benefits. This study assessed parents' knowledge and attitudes toward CSS in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered survey distributed among residents in different regions of Saudi Arabia to assess their knowledge and attitude toward CSS. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 383 Saudi residents participated in the study. The mean age was 37.14 ±9.10 years, with a female predominance (62.1%, n=238). One-third of the participants were from the western region of Saudi Arabia (30.3%, n=109). Non-use of CSS was reported by 25.8% of the participants, while 11.7% reported that they rarely used CSS. The mean total knowledge score was 2.15 (range 0 -3). A lower knowledge score was significantly associated with a lower educational level (p=0.008), not having information regarding CSS (p=0.005), none or rare use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001), and the use of media or self-education as a source of information regarding CSS (p=0.002). The mean attitude score was 12.52 (range 4 -20). The attitude score was significantly associated with gender (p=0.002), education (p=0.014), number of children (p=0.005), monthly family income (p=0.028), use of CSS by people other than the parent (p<0.001), information about CSS use in the car (p<0.002), source of information (p<0.001), and use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001). Conclusions The knowledge and attitude of the Suadi population toward CSS use are inadequate, highlighting the need to enhance awareness and understanding of the importance of CSS use.

Positive Outcomes of Physiotherapy Intervention in a Wedge Compression Fracture of the L1 Vertebra: A Case Report.

The thoracolumbar spine is prone to vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). An injury mechanism known as flexion compression is responsible for thoracolumbar spine compression fractures. Usually, this mechanism affects the longitudinal ligament at the front and the front part of the vertebral body as the first components. Pain is the first and foremost symptom; here we present a case report of a 34-year-old male, who came to the hospital with complaints of back pain, and difficulty in breathing followed by a road traffic accident (RTA). MRI and X-ray investigations were done. The patient was diagnosed with a fracture of the anterolateral aspect of the right fourth and fifth ribs and posterolateral aspect of the sixth rib, acute anterior wedge compression fracture of the L1 vertebra, and bilateral minimal pneumothorax and haemothorax. The patient was managed surgically with post-decompression and spinal fusion at the D12-L2 level. The outcomes used were the Oswestry Low-Back Disability Questionnaire, the numerical pain rating scale, and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). This case report specifies the physiotherapeutic rehabilitation protocol, mainly focusing on techniques like breathing exercises, and upper limb and lower limb strengthening along with trunk and pelvic floor muscles strengthening.

Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of single-credit traffic safety course based on Kirkpatrick model: a case study of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Training plays a role in reducing traffic accidents, and evaluating the effectiveness of training programs in managers' decision-making for training continuation is important. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a single-credit traffic safety course based on the four levels of the Kirkpatrick model in all Iranian universities. METHODS: This interventional study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a single-credit traffic safety course based on the Kirkpatrick model from 2016 to 2020 in Iran. The data were collected in three stages: (1) calculating the costs of offering traffic safety courses, (2) determining the effectiveness of providing such courses based on the levels of the Kirkpatrick model, and (3) evaluating the cost-effectiveness of administering traffic safety courses. Data were collected through researcher-made and standardized questionnaires. The research population included traffic safety course instructors and university students who could take this course. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS v. 23 and also calculations related to ICER, which shows the cost effectiveness of providing single credit course. RESULTS: Scores of the students' reaction level to the traffic safety course was 41.8% before the course; this score was estimated at 67% after the course. At the level of learning, students' knowledge was 43.6% before the training course, which reached 73% after the course. At the level of behavior, the state of students' desirable traffic behaviors was 54% before the course, which reached 66.1% after the course. The educational effectiveness of the course presentation at the level of results was 58.2% before and 74.8% after the course. While assuming that the weights of all model levels were constant, the cost of a 1% increase in the overall educational effectiveness by using the Kirkpatrick model, compared to not providing the course (not administering the intervention) was 486.46 USD. CONCLUSION: The results showcased the effectiveness of the traffic safety course in all four levels of The Kirkpatrick model. Therefore, policy-makers and officials in charge of delivering this program should strengthen it and resolve its deficiencies to realize all its educational goals at the highest level.

Traumatic bilateral acetabular fracture secondary to high-energy trauma in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral acetabular fracture is a very rare presentation among the trauma patients, as the pattern and the degree of the forces required to fracture both acetabula is very unique. The primary purpose of this study is to report a series of adult patients presenting with post-traumatic bilateral acetabular fracture without any history of pathological or metabolic bone disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 18 cases of traumatic bilateral acetabular fracture were included. There was predominance of both column (four patients on left and six on right) followed by anterior column (two patients left and four on right) and posterior wall (three patients left and right). They were treated surgically through open reduction and internal fixation. All cases were followed up for at least 13 months. Matta's criteria were used for radiological evaluation on plain radiographs. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Merle d'Aubigne and postel score at final follow-up. RESULTS: No patients were lost during the follow-up period; there was one case of surgical site infection. There were three cases of postoperative osteoarthritis, one case of heterotrophic ossification, one case of persistent sciatic nerve palsy and one case of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy. The radiological evaluation according to Matta's criteria revealed anatomic reduction in 12 patients, imperfect reduction in three patients while other three patients had poor reduction. According to modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score, 10 cases were rated as excellent, five cases as good and three cases presented fair (one case) to poor (two cases) results. CONCLUSION: We report an unusual case series of bilateral acetabular fracture successfully managed surgically with good clinical outcome. With the increasing incidence of route traffic accidents, such cases would probably be recurrent in the upcoming years.

Spike of Motorbike Accidents in Bangladesh: An Emerging Public Health Concern.

The on-road traffic accident is a significant public health concern for Bangladesh, impeding the country's way to building safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and human settlements. On-road accidents and causalities doubled in the country between 2011 and 2020, and it increased by 30% in 2021, a shifting pattern of traffic accidents with an increasing number of motorbike accidents. The fatalities by motorcycle traffic accidents were only 4% in 1995 and rose substantially to 35% in 2021, and the situation has been more alarming during the festivals, especially Eid in Bangladesh.

Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol on road traffic accidents in Scotland after 20 months: An interrupted time series study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: On 1 May 2018, Scotland implemented Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) of £0.50 per unit of alcohol with the aim to lower alcohol consumption and related harms, and reduce health inequalities. We measured the impact of MUP on the most likely categories of road traffic accidents (RTAs) to be affected by drink-driving episodes (fatal and nighttime) up to 20 months after the policy implementation. Further, we checked whether any association varied by level of socio-economic deprivation. METHODS: An interrupted time series design was used to evaluate the impact of MUP on fatal and nighttime RTAs in Scotland and any effect modification across socio-economic deprivation groups. RTAs in England and Wales (E&W) were used as a comparator. Covariates representing severe weather events, bank holidays, seasonal and underlying trends were adjusted for. RESULTS: In Scotland, MUP implementation was associated with 40.5% (95% confidence interval: 15.5%, 65.4%) and 11.4% (-1.1%, 24.0%) increases in fatal and nighttime RTAs, respectively. There was no evidence of differential impacts of MUP by level of socio-economic deprivation. While we found a substantial increase in fatal RTAs associated with MUP, null effects observed in nighttime RTAs and high uncertainty in sensitivity analyses suggest caution be applied before attributing causation to this association. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence of an association between the introduction of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland and a reduction in fatal and nighttime road traffic accidents, these being outcome measure categories that are proxies of outcomes that directly relate alcohol consumption to road traffic accidents.

The short-term impact of a referendum on motor vehicle collisions casualties.

OBJECTIVE: A referendum took place in Greece on the 5th of July 2015 to decide whether the suggested bailout would be accepted. Since this was the first one since 1974, the period between the referendum and the subsequent national elections was characterized by increased uncertainty and had spillover effects in many aspects of everyday life. We take advantage of this quasi-experiment to investigate the short-term impact of the referendum on vehicle collisions casualties. METHODS: We use data from the daily number of injuries and fatalities caused by vehicle collisions in 2015 and employ a difference-in-differences approach, comparing trends before and after the referendum. RESULTS: We reveal that the referendum had a short-term impact on road traffic casualties (4.14 more casualties per day), compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the referendum. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that negative emotions and anxiety, due to uncertainty, could promote dangerous driving behavior. Preventive and traffic control measures may need to be considered by policy makers during periods of uncertainty.