Survival and pulmonary function in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer after sublobar resection versus lobectomy: An updated meta-analysis.

Traditionally, lobectomy was standard for stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent RCTs suggest sublobar resection's comparable outcomes. Our meta-analysis, incorporating 30 studies (including four RCTs), assessed sublobar resection's efficacy. Employing a random-effects model and I2 statistics for heterogeneity, we found sublobar resection reduced DFS (HR 1.31, p < 0.01) and OS (HR 1.27, p < 0.01) overall. However, RCT subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in DFS (p = 0.28) or OS (p = 0.62). Sublobar resection is a viable option for well-selected patients.

Characteristics of High-Volume Lung Segmentectomy Hospitals: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Segmental resection continues to gain favor in the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, but there is limited data on outcomes as related to facility volume. The purpose of this study is to better define the relationship between segmentectomy outcomes, survival, and facility volume. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was completed using the National Cancer Database. Patients with stage I disease undergoing segmentectomy 2004 to 2015 were included. Facility volume was determined per year; facilities performing higher than the median number of segmental resections were deemed high-volume and retained that classification for the remainder of the study. Propensity-score matching was used to compare 5-year survival and outcomes. RESULTS: Six hundred eighty-one centers performing 2481 segmentectomies were included. High-volume centers had higher utilization of minimally invasive approaches and lower conversion rates. There was no difference in readmission or 30-day mortality, but 90-day mortality differed between groups (1.2% vs. 2.6%, P = .03). High-volume centers were more likely to sample lymph nodes (88.5% vs. 80.7%, P < .01), and patients were less likely to have positives margins (1.3% vs. 2.7%, P = .03). Patients were no more likely to be upstaged based on facility volume (4.6% vs. 3.3%, P = .21). Overall, 5-year survival was better for patients treated at high-volume centers in the full cohort (69.5% vs. 66.4%, P = .014) but in propensity score-matched analysis this survival difference became non-significant (68.0% vs. 67.9% (P = .172). CONCLUSION: Segmentectomy performed at high-volume centers is associated with more frequent use of minimally invasive approach, more frequent negative margins, and improved 90-day survival.

Primary hepatic gastrinoma, extremely rare case presentation and its surgical resolution, in a third level hospital in Mexico.

The gastrinomas are rare functional neuroendocrine neoplasms, most are localized to the duodenum (70-90%) or the pancreas (2-30%), but less common ectopic sites have been reported. The primary hepatic gastrinoma is extremely rare, with less tan 40 cases reported in the medical literature. Its low incidence and its non specific clinical presentation make it a difficult disease to diagnose. Providing a timely diagnosis the patient can be treated by surgical resection with high chances of success. The objective of this paper is to describe a case of primary hepatic gastrinoma in Mexico, successfully treated by right liver segmentectomy.

Los gastrinomas son neoplasias neuroendocrinas funcionales raras, y la mayoría se localizan en el duodeno (70-90%) o en el páncreas (2-30%), pero también existen otras localizaciones ectópicas poco comunes. El gastrinoma hepático primario es extremadamente raro, con menos de 40 casos reportados en la literatura médica. Su baja incidencia y su presentación clínica inespecífica lo convierten en una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar. Al realizar un diagnóstico oportuno puede ser tratado mediante resección quirúrgica con altas posibilidades de éxito. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de gastrinoma hepático primario en México, tratado de manera exitosa mediante segmentectomía hepática derecha.

Robotic lung resection: a narrative review of the current role on primary lung cancer treatment.

Background and Objective: Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) has increasingly been applied to primary lung cancer treatment. Given the many facilities provided by the robotic platform in the manipulation of tissues and precision of movements, there is continuous enquiring about its contribution to the improvement of surgical outcomes. Also, the possibility to perform complex resections in a minimally invasive way using a robotic approach starts to become possible as the centers' learning curve expands. We propose to perform a review of the current status of robotic surgery for lung cancer focusing on key frontier points: sublobar resections, quality of lymphadenectomy, complex resections, postoperative outcomes, and innovative technologies to arrive. Methods: We performed a narrative review of the literature aggregating the most current references available in English. Key Content and Findings: According to the current data, the flourishing of the robotic platform seems to be in line with the spread of sublobar resections. The technological benefits inherent to the platform, also seem to promote an increase in the quality of lymphadenectomy and a shorter learning curve when compared to video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with equivalent oncological results. Its application in complex resections such as bronchial sleeve already presents consistent results and new technology acquisitions such as three-dimensional reconstructions, augmented reality and artificial intelligence tend to be implemented collaborating with the digitization of surgery. Conclusions: Robotic surgery for lung cancer resection is at least equivalent to the VATS approach considering the currently available literature. However, more practice time and prospective clinical trials are needed to identify more exact benefits.

Outcomes with segmentectomy versus lobectomy in patients with clinical T1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that segmentectomy is associated with similar recurrence-free and overall survival when compared with lobectomy in the setting of patients with clinical T1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; >2-3 cm), as defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging system. METHODS: We performed a single-institution retrospective study identifying patients undergoing segmentectomy (90) versus lobectomy (279) for T1c NSCLC from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2016. Univariate, multivariable, and propensity score-weighted analyses were performed to analyze the following endpoints: freedom from recurrence, overall survival, and time to recurrence. RESULTS: Patients undergoing segmentectomy were older than patients undergoing lobectomy (71.5 vs 68.8, respectively, P = .02). There were no differences in incidence of major complications (12.4% vs 11.7%, P = .85), hospital length of stay (6.2 vs 7 days, P = .19), and mortality at 30 (1.1% vs 1.7%, P = 1) and 90 days (2.2% vs 2.3%, P = 1). In addition, there were no statistical differences in locoregional (12.2% vs 8.6%, P = .408), distant (11.1% vs 13.9%, P = .716), or overall recurrence (23.3% vs 22.5%, P = 1), as well as 5-year freedom from recurrence (68.6% vs 75.8%, P = .5) or 5-year survival (57.8% vs 61.0%, P = .9). Propensity score-matched analysis found no differences in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.034; P = .764), recurrence-free survival (HR, 1.168; P = .1391), or time to recurrence (HR, 1.053; P = .7462). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of clinical T1cN0M0 NSCLC, anatomic segmentectomy was not associated with significant differences in recurrence-free or overall survival at 5 years. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to corroborate the expansion of the role of anatomic segmentectomy to all American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition Stage 1A NSCLC.

Early Distant Recurrence in Patients With Resected Stage I Lung Cancer: A Case Series of "Blast Metastasis".

BACKGROUND: The standard of care in the management of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been anatomic lung resection with multistation lymph node sampling of ≥ 10 lymph nodes. The 5-year survival for NSCLC has ranged from 73% to 93% (for stage IB and stage IA, respectively) and will be more favorable for patients with fewer comorbidities and those with a higher state of premorbid functioning and who undergo surgical resection. Despite the positive prognosis for operable stage I NSCLC, a subset of patients will develop metastatic disease within as few as 12 months after resection. Using an institutional database, we have presented the data from 68 patients who had developed distant metastatic recurrence after resection of pathologic stage I NSCLC within 1 year after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of a prospectively maintained intuitional database. The final cohort included patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC who had undergone anatomic resection but had subsequently presented with multiple sites of distant recurrence within 1 year. The study period extended from 2003 to 2020. Patients with broad local recurrence or recurrence at a single distant site were excluded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the 5-year survival. RESULTS: A total of 2827 patients had undergone surgical resection for stage I NSCLC during the 17-year period and 68 met the criteria for inclusion. Most of the patients (n = 48) were smokers, and the dominant histologic type was adenocarcinoma (n = 37). After recurrence, 22 patients (33%) had undergone chemoradiotherapy and 19 (28%) had received chemotherapy alone. The mean and median overall survival were 23.7 and 14 months, respectively. The 5-year survival from recurrence and surgery were both 13.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Limited data are available on the risk factors for early metastasis after resected stage I NSCLC. The results from our cohort have demonstrated poor survival after recurrence. These data might be the basis for determining a phenotype for patients prone to early widespread metastasis despite seemingly curative surgical resection.

Resultados de la resección hepática laparoscópica en el Hospital Metropolitano / Results of laparoscopic liver resection in the Metropolitan Hospital

Objetivo: evaluar los resultados perioperatorios de las resecciones hepáticas por abordaje laparoscópico, su seguridad y eficacia. Materiales y métodos: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo retrospectivo de serie de casos en el Hospital Metropolitano, en el cual se incluyó a todos los pacientes a quienes se realizó resecciones hepáticas laparoscópicas, durante un período de 10 años. Las variables recogidas se agruparon de la siguiente manera: I. Variables de los datos generales (edad, sexo, comorbilidades), II. Variables de diagnóstico prequirúrgico y cirugía, III. Variables de resultados intraoperatorios y posquirúrgico (pérdida de sangre, complicaciones, tiempo quirúrgico, etcétera). Resultados: de 10 pacientes identificados, 8 fueron de sexo femenino y 2 de sexo masculino, edad promedio: 46,8 años, 60% no presentó comorbilidades, estancia hospitalaria promedio: 5,3 días, tiempo quirúrgico promedio: 211 minutos, diagnóstico prequirúrgico más frecuente: hemangioma; sin embargo, en el histopatológico predominó la hiperplasia nodular focal en un 30%, y la patología maligna se observó en el 50% de los casos, de los cuales no hubo márgenes comprometidos; se presentó aproximadamente 20% de complicaciones posquirúrgicas de las cuales las más frecuentes fueron el sangrado y las trasfusiones. Conclusiones: la hepatectomía laparoscópica es una técnica segura y efectiva con baja morbilidad, además de las ventajas de la cirugía laparoscópica.

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative results of liver resections by laparoscopic approach, their safety and efficacy. Methods: A retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of a series of cases at the Hospital Metropolitano, including all patients who undergo laparoscopic liver resections. The variables collected are grouped as follows: I. Variables of the general data (age, sex, comorbidities), II. Pre-surgical diagnosis and surgery variables, III. Variables of intraoperative and postoperative results (blood loss, complications, surgical time, etc). Results: Of 10 identified patients, 8 were women and 2 were male, with an average age of 46.8 years, 60% without comorbidities, hospital stay with an average of 5.3 days, average surgical time of 211 minutes, the most frequent presurgical diagnosis was hemangioma however, in the histopathology, focal nodular hyperplasia predominated in 30%, and malignant pathology was detected in 50% of cases, of which there were no compromised margins, and 20% of complications were found among them more frequent bleeding and transfusions. Conclusions: Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a safe and effective technique with low morbidity in addition to having the advantages of laparoscopic surgery.

Bilateral uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy S3: an unusual case.

When talking about lung cancer, it is important to recognize this as the first cause of death of neoplastic origin. The detection of this in early stages has made the emergence of ground glass opacity (GGO) more frequent due to the establishment of lung cancer screening programs, allowing the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by the same and achieving a curative treatment of it. The management of multiple GGOs depends much on the characteristics of these, however, being multiple and contralateral should be considered surgical resection, always taking into account the stage of the dominant lesion. In this article, we present a case of a 60 years old woman with a bilateral GGO lesions located in segment 3 on both sides. A bilateral uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) anatomic segmentectomy S3 of both lesions was performed in a single stage surgery. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful.

Preoperative (3-dimensional) computed tomography lung reconstruction before anatomic segmentectomy or lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate cancer localization and negative resection margins are necessary for successful segmentectomy. In this study, we evaluate a newly developed software package that permits automated segmentation of the pulmonary parenchyma, allowing 3-dimensional assessment of tumor size, location, and estimates of surgical margins. METHODS: A pilot study using a newly developed 3-dimensional computed tomography analytic software package was performed to retrospectively evaluate preoperative computed tomography images of patients who underwent segmentectomy (n = 36) or lobectomy (n = 15) for stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer. The software accomplishes an automated reconstruction of anatomic pulmonary segments of the lung based on bronchial arborization. Estimates of anticipated surgical margins and pulmonary segmental volume were made on the basis of 3-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS: Autosegmentation was achieved in 72.7% (32/44) of preoperative computed tomography images with slice thicknesses of 3 mm or less. Reasons for segmentation failure included local severe emphysema or pneumonitis, and lower computed tomography resolution. Tumor segmental localization was achieved in all autosegmented studies. The 3-dimensional computed tomography analysis provided a positive predictive value of 87% in predicting a marginal clearance greater than 1 cm and a 75% positive predictive value in predicting a margin to tumor diameter ratio greater than 1 in relation to the surgical pathology assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography analysis of segmental anatomy can confirm the tumor location within an anatomic segment and aid in predicting surgical margins. This 3-dimensional computed tomography information may assist in the preoperative assessment regarding the suitability of segmentectomy for peripheral lung cancers.

Hepatectomía laparoscópica en tumor sólido benigno: informe de un caso / Laparoscopic hepatectomy in benign solid tumor: case report

Introducción: La cirugía hepática laparoscópica representa una alternativa quirúrgica para abordar tumores sólidos menores a 5 cm ubicados en el lóbulo izquierdo y en segmentos anteriores del lóbulo derecho. El objetivo de este informe es presentar la primera resección hepática por vía laparocópica reportada en Venezuela, así como revisión en la literatura. Caso clínico: Mujer de 40 años de edad, quien ingresó al servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo con dolor en epigastrio de leve intensidad, de un año de evolución, además de masa palpable a ese nivel, con exámenes de laboratorio y marcadores tumorales dentro de la normalidad. Por ultrasonido abdominal se identificó una lesión focal en los segmentos II y III del hígado de 5.8 × 4.3 cm aproximadamente, confirmada por tomografía axial computarizada. Se practicó segmentectomía laparoscópica lateral izquierda a través de cuatro puertos de acceso; el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 245 minutos, con 350 ml de sangrado; se extrajo la pieza completa a través de una incisión transversal suprapúbica. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria. La paciente no ameritó ingreso en terapia intensiva y egresó al cuatro día. La biopsia definitiva indicó adenoma hepatocelular. Conclusiones: El abordaje laparoscópico es otra alternativa con menor morbimortalidad en el manejo quirúrgico de lesiones solidas de hígado, como se reporta en la literatura revisada.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver surgery represents an alternative surgical approach in the presence of smaller solid tumors up to 5 cm located in the left lobe and in anterior segments of the right lobe. The objective of this report is to present the first hepatic resection by laparoscopy, reported in Venezuela, as well as also the review in the literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 40-year-old female was referred to the Surgical Service of the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo for mild epigastric pain of 1-year evolution, in addition to having a palpable mass in the same region; laboratory tests and tumor markers was normal. Complementary studies such as computed abdominal tomography and ultrasound revealed a lesion of 5.8 x 4.3 cm, localized in segments II and III of the liver. The patient underwent surgery, and a left lateral segmentectomy was performed using laparoscopy in four access ports. Surgical time was approximately 245 min with bleeding of 350 cc. The liver segment was resected through a transverse suprapubic incision. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution without the necessity of the intensive care unit and with a hospital stay of 4 days. Final pathological report demonstrated hepatocellular adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approach is another alternative in the surgical management of solid liver lesions. Lower mortality and morbidity are reported.

Ressecção isolada do segmento I sob exclusão vascular hepática total / Isolated segment I resection under total hepatic vascular exclusion

An isolated hepatic caudate lobectomy was performed in a fifty-seven-year-old white woman presenting a colo-rectal metastasis to hepatic segment I. The resection was performed under total liver vascular exclusion due to the proximity to hepatic veins. The patient presented an uneventful hospitalization being discharged on day seven.