Gender heterophily and equality: a contribution to gender equality in the Chilean scientific sector.

Women's insertion or consolidation in science has been thoroughly researched. Such discussion could be particularly relevant concerning sustainable development goal five (SDG 5) on Gender Equality advancement. However, the debate is focused on women percentages inserted into scientific labor, leaving the issue of symbolic experience for women in research unaddressed and with little empirical support. The data come from a survey developed under a FONDECYT project, which studied knowledge production in Chile. Researchers obtained contacts through invitations on social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn and databases containing scientists' emails working in Chile. The non-probabilistic sample collected 583 cases, with participants residing in 15 of the 16 country regions. As a result, this document presents the findings of a study on symbolic experience using an instrument to determine whether there are any homophily patterns. It aims to determine if scientists tend to cite others as referents only when they encounter a situation like their own. The findings reveal a clear way scientists estimate the effect of others in terms of their gender homophily. This intervening factor could be crucial in reproducing the disparities and asymmetries that characterize Chile's scientific field.

Structural Model for Socially Sustainable Public Housing Decision-Making in Chile.

Normally the social approaches addressed in public housing policies are unclear in the implementation processes. Indeed, public agencies do not have systems that integrate clear social criteria to consider the social assessment of public housing projects. Therefore, the inclusion of social sustainability in planning and early decision-making is limited. In addition, social development technically involves variables that are not normally independent, and its completeness means their relationships must be considered to sum up the impacts. Thus, this work proposes a structural model that explains an integral interrelation of social criteria that determines socially sustainable housing projects for the vulnerable population in Chile. For this, a theoretical model was constructed and validated using a structural equation model (SEM). This system derives from the application of a survey applied to 188 professionals related to the development of public housing. From this, a model of social sustainability of public housing is validated with ten social criteria and eleven unidirectional interrelations, structured in two dimensions: the functional conditions of the home and the environmental conditions of the house. In the first dimension, the relation between the Improvement in family economic availability and Spaces for family development stands out. In the second, the strongest link is between Community health and safety and the Integration of the design in the context.

Consumer willingness to pay for cheese with a social sustainability attribute / Disposição do consumidor de pagar pelo queijo com um atributo de sustentabilidade social

The social dimension of sustainability is becoming very relevant on the consumer purchasing decision, especially in the food sector. This research analyzed the willingness to pay (WTP) of Chilean consumers for cheese with a social sustainability attribute using a double-bounded dichotomous choice format. Results showed that the WTP for a price premium depends on three variables: age, income and previous knowledge regarding social sustainability. The mean WTP is 7.5% over the average price of cheese; although, combining relevant variables and changing values over their range shows that firms can obtain up to a 12.9% price premium if they focus on younger and high income consumers that have a previous good knowledge about social sustainability practices. Additionally, this study presented a novel market oriented methodological approach for identifying and quantifying specific niche markets based on the WTP.

RESUMO: A dimensão social da sustentabilidade está se tornando muito relevante na decisão de compra do consumidor, principalmente no setor alimentício. Esta pesquisa analisa a disposição a pagar (DAP) dos consumidores chilenos por queijo com um atributo de sustentabilidade social usando um formato de escolha dicotômica de duplo limite. Os resultados mostram que a DDP por um prêmio de preço depende de três variáveis: idade, renda e conhecimento prévio sobre sustentabilidade social. A DDP média é de 7,5% sobre o preço médio do queijo, embora a combinação de variáveis relevantes, e valores variáveis em sua faixa, mostre que as empresas podem obter um prêmio de preço de até 12,9% se se concentrarem em consumidores mais jovens e de alta renda que tenham um bom conhecimento prévio sobre práticas de sustentabilidade social. Além disso, este estudo apresenta uma nova abordagem metodológica orientada para o mercado a fim de identificar e quantificar nichos de mercado específicos com base na WTP.

Envelhecimento, sustentabilidade e reforma do Sistema de Seguridade Social brasileiro: um novo desafio demográfico para uma velha questão política / Aging, sustainability and reform of the Brazilian Social Security System: a new demographic challenge to an old political issue

As projeções demográficas têm sinalizado a tendência nacional de ampliação no número relativo e absoluto de idosos. Nesse contexto, surgem diferentes abordagens políticas para justificar reformas do Estado brasileiro: por um lado, utiliza-se de argumentos estritamente quantitativos para justificar a redução das responsabilidades do Estado diante do envelhecimento e aumentar a responsabilização individual. Por outra perspectiva, a sustentabilidade é observada para além da questão puramente fiscal, inserindo a população idosa na agenda pública, como cidadã de direito e demandante de novas políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento na dimensão social. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer elementos para a análise destas diferentes posições políticas acerca da sustentabilidade no Sistema de Seguridade Social brasileiro. Para tanto, além da breve revisão bibliográfica acerca do termo sustentabilidade, o estudo apresenta a trajetória e as perspectivas para a proteção social voltada aos idosos no Brasil.

Demographic projections have signaled the national tendency to increase the relative and absolute number of the elderly. In this context, different political approaches emerge to justify reforms of the Brazilian State: on one side strictly quantitative arguments are used to justify the reduction of state responsibilities face of aging and to increase individual accountability. On the other, the sustainability is observed beyond the purely fiscal issue, including the elderly population into the public agenda as citizen and demander of new public policies for development in the social dimension. The purpose of this article is to provide elements for the analysis of these different political positions on sustainability in the Brazilian Social Security System. Therefore, in addition to the brief bibliographical review about the term sustainability, the study presents the trajectory and perspectives for social protection aimed at the elderly in Brazil.

Sustainable Development for Whom and How? Exploring the Gaps between Popular Discourses and Ground Reality Using the Mexican Jatropha Biodiesel Case.

In the last decade, jatropha-based bioenergy projects have gotten significant attention as a solution to various social, economic, and environmental problems. Jatropha's popularity stemmed out from different discourses, some real and some perceived, in scientific and non-scientific literature. These discourses positioned jatropha as a crop helpful in producing biodiesel and protecting sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels and increasing local, rural development by creating jobs. Consequently, many countries established national policies that incentivized the establishment of jatropha as a bioenergy feedstock crop. In this paper, we explore the case of jatropha bioenergy development in Yucatan, Mexico and argue that the popular discourse around jatropha as a sustainability and rural development tool is flawed. Analyzing our results from 70 semi-structured interviews with community members belonging to a region where plantation-scale jatropha projects were introduced, we found that these projects did not have many significant social sustainability benefits. We conclude from our case that by just adding bioenergy projects cannot help achieve social sustainability in rural areas alone. In ensuring social sustainability of bioenergy projects, future policymaking processes should have a more comprehensive understanding of the rural socioeconomic problems where such projects are promoted and use bioenergy projects as one of the many solutions to local problems rather than creating such policies based just on popular discourses.

Sustentabilidad: un nuevo impulso a la salud ocupacional / Sustainability: a new impetus for occupational healthy

El artículo aborda, en un comienzo, el tema de la sustentabilidad y cómo este emergente concepto es también parte de las actuales estrategias de las organizaciones. Prosigue explicando que hoy también hay un área social dentro del concepto macro de sustentabilidad y que los temas laborales son parte de este aspecto. En este sentido, se explica en el texto que las organizaciones actualmente tienen diferentes motivos para incorporar el aspecto laboral. En una segunda parte del documento se menciona la actual situación de los problemas de salud asociados al tema laboral y cómo estos problemas han ido en aumento, desde el punto de vista del impacto económico que provocan. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión y/o discusión final, se menciona que para la Salud Ocupacional puede ser altamente beneficioso el hecho de que el concepto de sustentabilidad esté fortaleciéndose y que, además, los temas laborales sean parte del mismo.

The article discusses, at the beginning, the issue of sustainability and how this emerging concept is also part of the current strategies for organizations. It continues explaining that today there is also a social area within the macro concept of sustainability and labor issues are part of this. In this regard, it is explained in the text that currently organizations have different reasons to incorporate the labor aspect. In a second part, the document mentions the current situation of the health problems associated with labor issues and how these problems have been increasing, from the point of view of the economic impact they cause. Finally, in conclusion and / or final discussion it is mentioned that the fact that the concept of sustainability is stronger and also labor issues are part of it, can be highly beneficial for Occupational Health.

Um modelo de moradia para idosos: o caso da Vila dos Idosos do Pari- São Paulo (SP) / A model of housing for the elderly: the case of the Village of the Elderly Pari-São Paulo (SP)

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o Conjunto Habitacional Pari I- Vila dos Idosos Armando Amadeu, conhecida como Vila dos Idosos. Através da análise dos documentos, visitas no local e estudo do material disponibilizado pela equipe que coordena o Programa, foi possível verificar a sustentabilidade do empreendimento que se dá através da ação direta do poder público articulado com parceiros da sociedade civil como ONGs, universidades, empresas e o movimento popular. Como resultado das ações verificou-se o bom estado de conservação do empreendimento, bem como a participação e organização social dos moradores.

This article had as main objective to analise the condominium housing Pari I- Vila dos Idosos Armando Amadeu, known as the old people village. Trough the documenta analises, local visits and studies of the material that was disponibilized by the group which coordenares the Program, was possible to verify the sustainability of development that occurs through the direct action of the government linked to civil society partners such as NGOs, universities, companies and the popular movement. As a result of the actions there was the good condition of the enterprise, as well as participation and social organization of the Residents.

Violência e desenvolvimento sustentável: o papel da universidade / Violence and sustainable development: the role of the university

Este é um trabalho de natureza ensaística, resultado de reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável e a sua conexão com as ações de extensão universitárias e a violência. Discute as quatro dimensões básicas do desenvolvimento sustentável - a ética, a temporal, a social e a prática - e os princípios éticos da sustentabilidade, necessários para uma cultura de paz. Propõe uma nova práxis universitária, em que a departamentalização da instituição seja repensada a fim de abrir espaço para a construção de um ambiente de atuação transdisciplinar, formador de profissionais preparados para um futuro sustentável. Apresenta um serviço da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), que, por meio da ação de extensão Projeto Proteger, estuda o comportamento violento e age para diminuir efetivamente a violência. Conclui que é papel da universidade formar profissionais em compasso com os valores do desenvolvimento sustentável, preparados para agir de forma ética e responsável com os recursos naturais e humanos, capazes de entender e interagir com a complexidade de problemas como a pobreza, as desigualdades sociais e a violência, que ameaçam os direitos humanos e as futuras gerações.