Telehealth in community mental health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru: A qualitative study with key stakeholders.

Aim: To describe the perceptions and experiences of key stakeholders to understand the use of telehealth in community mental health centers (CMHCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima and Callao, Peru. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in four CMHCs in Lima and Callao, Peru. Forty-nine individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between September 2021 and March 2022, considering CMHCs' users and their relatives, health and administrative workers, directors, as well as local and national policymakers. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Regarding the transition from in-person care to telehealth, CMHCs' directors and workers identified some of the regulations issued by the Government during the pandemic, such as the continuity of care through telehealth, especially for pregnant women and for people with comorbidities related to COVID-19. Regarding benefits, workers and users indicated that it allowed better communication, such as constant follow-ups. Directors and workers recognized that Google Drive facilitated access to user information, since they did not have an electronic medical record. Additionally, workers said they used social media to share educational information on mental health, and explained that some new users began their treatment this way. Regarding difficulties, participants reported a lack of devices and poor internet connection in CMHCs. Users mentioned that scheduling an appointment was difficult because the phone lines were usually saturated, and they could not find available appointments. Conclusion: Although the pandemic forced an immediate and disruptive change towards telehealth, CMHCs were able to adapt most of their services. This study reports the adaptations made by CMHCs to move from in-person to remote care, identifying the benefits and challenges faced, information that can be used for the nationwide implementation of telehealth in CMHCs. We recommend ensuring technological equipment and internet connection and adapt the telehealth system to make it responsive to the routine practices of CMHCs.

Blue-green infrastructure in view of Integrated Urban Water Management: A novel assessment of an effectiveness index.

Addressing urban water management challenges requires a holistic view. Sustainable approaches such as blue-green infrastructure (BGI) provide several benefits, but assessing their effectiveness demands a systemic approach. Challenges are magnified in informal areas, leading to the combination of integrated urban water management (IUWM) with BGI as a proposed solution by this research. We employed the Urban Water Use (UWU) model to assess the effectiveness index (EI) of BGI measures in view of IUWM after stakeholder consultation. The procedure in this novel assessment includes expert meetings for scenario building and resident interviews to capture the community's vision. To assess the impact of IUWM on the effectiveness of BGI measures, we proposed a simulation with BGI only and then three simulations with improvements to the water and sewage systems. The results of the EI analysis reveal a substantial improvement in the effectiveness of BGI measures through IUWM combination. Moreover, we offer insights into developing strategies for UWU model application in informal settlements, transferrable to diverse urban areas. The findings hold relevance for policymakers and urban planners, aiding informed decisions in urban water management.

"From All, To All": Implementing a collaborative online conference to reflect on the daily living of individuals with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Translating knowledge to improve paediatric rehabilitation has become a research area of interest. This study describes the development and evaluation of an online conference that brought together perspectives of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), families, health care professionals, and researchers to discuss the daily living of individuals with CP. METHODS: We anchored the development and implementation of the online conference in the action cycle of the Knowledge to Action Framework. To develop the meeting, we included representatives from each stakeholder group in the programme committee. The conference programme was designed having the lifespan perspective of individuals with CP, from birth to adulthood, as its central core, with themes related to daily living (e.g., self-care, mobility, and continuing education). Participants' satisfaction with the conference was assessed using an anonymized online survey sent to all participants. RESULTS: The conference had 1656 attendees, of whom 675 answered the online satisfaction survey. Most participants rated the structure of the conference (i.e., quality of the technical support, audio and video, and online platform) and discussed topics (i.e., relevance, content, discussion, speakers, and available time) positively. CONCLUSION: Collaborative conferences that include stakeholders throughout the planning and implementation are a viable, effective knowledge translation strategy that allows for sharing experiences and disseminating knowledge among families and individuals with CP, health care professionals, and researchers.

Proceed with Caution: Social Acceptability of Forestry Practices in Puerto Rico among Members of Local Environmental Organizations, Academia and Professional Associations.

Social acceptability of forestry practices plays a key role in defining sustainable forestry policies and strategies. In this study an online survey was distributed among members of environmental, non-governmental, professional, and academic organizations to assess the acceptability of forestry practices in Puerto Rico among members of civic society interested in environmental management issues. Participants were asked about their perception of forest uses, their preference of tree harvesting technologies, methods that may apply in small scale wood production settings, and trust in organizations providing forest information. We also inquired about attitudes towards economic activity in forests and the impact of such activity on recreation and biodiversity. The results show that even though participants do not place a high priority on economic development through forestry activities, acceptance of forest management for wood harvesting will be possible by considering adherence to particular forestry technologies and methods to safeguard current recreation activities and biodiversity conservation. Social acceptability information would be worthwhile when seeking consensus among a broader group of local stakeholders. As a next step we suggest the creation of a council constituted by diverse forestry sector stakeholders that would engage in a strategic planning exercise to delineate a clear road map that can guide short and long-term sustainable forest management, including wood industry development.

Organizations and stakeholders' roles and influence on implementing sustainability requirements in construction projects.

Construction projects significantly affect a country's development, consume many resources, and impact many stakeholders. Project sustainability requirements are essential to overcome the current social and environmental challenges, yet entrepreneurs, decision-makers, and technical professionals still ignore them. This research aims to reveal the leading players that can influence implementing sustainability requirements in construction project development, the barriers, and possible solutions. The results show that organizational strategies, maturity level in sustainability, and the ability to change corporate values and beliefs play a significant role in this pivotal movement. At the same time, a set of external stakeholders, such as investors, banks, communities, suppliers, regulatory agencies, and insurance companies, may push a specific behavior to the market and influence change. On top of this, organizations shall build their strategy toward sustainability and implement sustainable project management. This study employs the Complex Holographic Assessment of Paradoxical Problems (CHAP2) to investigate the current situation in Brazil related to the integration of construction project development and sustainability requirements.

Evidence-based legislation, strong institutions and consensus needed to mitigate the negative impacts of free-ranging dogs.

Dogs bring many benefits to our society but, if not properly managed, they can be detrimental for humans, livestock and wildlife. We highlight the increasing problems associated with free-ranging dogs using examples from two regions of the world where this issue is pervasive, India and South America. In these regions, free-ranging dogs spread diseases, injure people, harm biodiversity, and negatively impact human livelihoods. We discuss why mitigating these deleterious effects can be extremely complicated because there are diverse challenges such as: (a) a lack of or inappropriate legislations concerning free-ranging dog management and human-dog interactions, (b) unregulated intentional and unintentional feeding of free-ranging dogs, (c) limitations of animal shelters, (d) non-responsible ownership, and (e) uncontrolled dog populations. As the management of animal species is usually shaped by differing interests, existing policies and regulations, views and social influence of stakeholders, power asymmetries between interested parties is yet another challenge in this regard. We need evidence-based legislations and strong institutions (e.g., public health and conservation institutions) that are capable of implementing governance principles and managing the complexities of this socio-ecological system by taking science-based decisions, and balancing power asymmetries to promote consensus.

Likelihood of using phytoremediation for mine-tailing management in Chile.

Chile has more than 750 mine tailings across the country, mainly distributed in the northern region, which also includes a biodiversity hotspot and the driest desert in the world. So far, tailing management has included chemical and physical stabilization of tailings, exclusively. This research examined the perceived likelihood of stakeholders, namely: Academia, Industry, environmental Non-Governmental Organizations, and Government officials, in the management of tailings and explored their attitudes toward the inclusion of plants and their associated microbes, as an additional stabilization technology, through an online questionnaire (n = 43). We aimed to answer What was the perceived likelihood of stakeholders for using phytoremediation for mine-tailing management in Chile? The consensus opinion across sectors is that there is general lack of proper tailings management in Chile. There is a critical willingness to incorporate phytoremediation, with a preference for using native plants. An absence of demonstrably successful phytoremediation projects, funding and access to suitable plants are perceived to be significant limitations. Local community involvement is considered key to successful restoration of tailings.

The novelty of this research work comes from finding consensus opinion across sectors about the lack of proper management of tailings in Chile and a critical willingness to incorporate phytoremediation as an additional stabilization technology. Furthermore, it provides insights from professional stakeholders on the need for more studies on native plants that can be used in phytoremediation, to diversify the representation of stakeholders, and to include input from local communities, directly affected by mines.

Qualidade da residência médica na perspectiva das partes interessadas: revisão de escopo e painel Delphi / Quality of medical residency from the stakeholders' perspective: a scoping review and Delphi panel

RESUMO Introdução: Embora na literatura médica existam diversas métricas para avaliar a qualidade dos programas de residência, os instrumentos avaliativos tendem a focar as dimensões dos residentes e preceptores. Isso negligencia uma ampla gama de partes interessadas (stakeholders), cujas perspectivas são fundamentais para uma compreensão holística da qualidade dos programas. Objetivo: Diante desse contexto, esta revisão teve como objetivos mapear os principais stakeholders envolvidos na residência médica, identificar e categorizar as métricas de avaliação da qualidade dos programas mais prevalentes na literatura, e analisar a sua relevância em relação às perspectivas das partes interessadas. Método: Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo da literatura para identificar e categorizar os stakeholders, além de mapear as métricas de qualidade. Posteriormente, um painel Delphi foi conduzido para analisar a relevância dessas métricas em relação às perspectivas das partes interessadas identificadas. Resultado: Foram mapeados 14 stakeholders e identificadas 17 métricas, posteriormente divididas em quatro categorias principais. As métricas "adaptabilidade" e "bem-estar" se destacaram, sendo unanimemente reconhecidas por todos os stakeholders como "favorável" ou "altamente favorável". Por sua vez, "autoavaliação" e "satisfação do paciente" receberam avaliações mais cautelosas ou negativas. Os painelistas enfatizaram que "nenhuma métrica é capaz de fornecer individualmente uma avaliação precisa da qualidade de um programa de residência médica". Conclusão: Ao mapear os stakeholders da residência médica, bem como identificar, categorizar e analisar as métricas de avaliação da qualidade mais prevalentes, este estudo ampliou o debate sobre a complexidade das perspectivas em torno da formação médica. A diversidade de atores envolvidos justifica valorizações distintas das várias dimensões da qualidade, reforçando a conclusão de que métricas isoladas não capturam integralmente a qualidade dos programas. Na prática, os resultados sublinham a importância da implementação de sistemas de avaliação da qualidade que sejam equilibrados e alinhados com as expectativas e necessidades dos principais stakeholders.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical literature abounds with metrics to assess the quality of residency programs, yet evaluative tools predominantly focus on the dimensions relevant to residents and preceptors. This overlooks a wide range of stakeholders, whose perspectives are essential for a holistic understanding of program quality. Given this context, this review aimed to map key stakeholders in medical residency, identify and categorize the most prevalent quality assessment metrics found in the literature, and analyze their relevance in relation to the stakeholders' perspectives. Method: Initially, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify and categorize stakeholders, as well as to map quality metrics. This was followed by a Delphi panel to assess the relevance of these metrics in relation to the perspectives of the identified stakeholders. Results: Fourteen stakeholders were mapped, and seventeen metrics were identified, subsequently divided into four main categories. The metrics "Adaptability" and "Well-being" stood out, being unanimously recognized by all stakeholders as "Favorable" or "Highly Favorable". Conversely, "Self-assessment" and "Patient Satisfaction" elicited more cautious or negative evaluations. Panelists emphasized that "no single metric can provide an accurate assessment of the quality of a medical residency program on its own". Conclusion: By mapping the stakeholders of medical residency, as well as identifying, categorizing, and analyzing the most prevalent quality assessment metrics, this study broadened the debate on the complexity of perspectives surrounding medical education. The diversity of actors observed justifies distinct evaluations across the various dimensions of quality, reinforcing the conclusion that isolated metrics cannot fully capture the program quality. In practice, the findings underscore the importance of implementing quality assessment frameworks that are balanced and aligned with the expectations and needs of the main stakeholders.

Data Quality in Health Research: Integrative Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Decision-making and strategies to improve service delivery must be supported by reliable health data to generate consistent evidence on health status. The data quality management process must ensure the reliability of collected data. Consequently, various methodologies to improve the quality of services are applied in the health field. At the same time, scientific research is constantly evolving to improve data quality through better reproducibility and empowerment of researchers and offers patient groups tools for secured data sharing and privacy compliance. OBJECTIVE: Through an integrative literature review, the aim of this work was to identify and evaluate digital health technology interventions designed to support the conducting of health research based on data quality. METHODS: A search was conducted in 6 electronic scientific databases in January 2022: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Digital Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and flowchart were used to visualize the search strategy results in the databases. RESULTS: After analyzing and extracting the outcomes of interest, 33 papers were included in the review. The studies covered the period of 2017-2021 and were conducted in 22 countries. Key findings revealed variability and a lack of consensus in assessing data quality domains and metrics. Data quality factors included the research environment, application time, and development steps. Strategies for improving data quality involved using business intelligence models, statistical analyses, data mining techniques, and qualitative approaches. CONCLUSIONS: The main barriers to health data quality are technical, motivational, economical, political, legal, ethical, organizational, human resources, and methodological. The data quality process and techniques, from precollection to gathering, postcollection, and analysis, are critical for the final result of a study or the quality of processes and decision-making in a health care organization. The findings highlight the need for standardized practices and collaborative efforts to enhance data quality in health research. Finally, context guides decisions regarding data quality strategies and techniques. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1101/2022.05.31.22275804.

Determining the Impacts of COVID-19 on Urban Deliveries in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte Using Spatial Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed lifestyles, with consequent impacts on urban freight movements. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 on urban deliveries in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brazil. The Lee index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association were calculated using data on urban deliveries (retail and home deliveries) and COVID-19 cases. The results confirmed the negative impacts on retail deliveries and the positive impacts on home deliveries. The spatial analysis demonstrated that the most interconnected cities presented more similar patterns. At the beginning of the pandemic, consumers were considerably concerned about the virus spread, and the changes in consumption behavior were slow. The findings suggest the importance of alternative strategies to traditional retail. In addition, the local infrastructure should adapt to the increased demand for home deliveries during pandemics.

Exploratory Analysis of Social Networks Linked to the Provision of Beverages in Costa Rican Schools.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are implicated in weight gain and adverse cardiometabolic heath. Social networks of stakeholders involved in providing potable water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in high schools in Costa Rica were studied using social analysis network. In public and private schools, the interactions between the stakeholders in charge of providing beverages are fragmented and their role in preventing the availability of SSBs is weak. School canteen owners ultimately decide what beverages are available at school, which may cause students to choose beverages that increase the risk of overweight/obesity. It is therefore urgently necessary to improve the capacity for two-way interactions between the stakeholders to enhance their roles in the provision of beverages. Hence, it is essential to reinforce the stakeholders' leadership, and set up innovative ways to exert it in order to develop a shared vision of the types of drinks that should be available in the school environment.

Methods for a composite ecological suitability measure to inform cumulative restoration assessments in Gulf of Mexico estuaries.

Ecosystem management requires a systematic, holistic approach that considers ecological and social outcomes. Effective restoration practices promote a balance of ecological and social goals by addressing ecological integrity, efficiently maximizing benefits while minimizing investment, and encompassing collaborative stakeholder engagement. Socio-ecological assessments can inform adaptive management and be utilized to prioritize restoration activities and monitor restoration effectiveness. In estuarine systems, socio-ecological assessments should evaluate the ability of habitats to support both ecologically and locally important species. The composite measure presented utilizes a combination of ecological and social measures to characterize ecological suitability for individual and multiple Gulf of Mexico estuarine species. The ecological suitability value (ES) for a given spatial unit is based on a suite of biophysical measures of the quality and extent of suitable habitat for each species, the species' trophic importance in a food web context, and the importance of each species in relation to stakeholder values and benefits. ES values for individual spatial units can be aggregated to estimate the distribution of ecological suitability at the estuarine scale. The ES values are calculated using examples for each step in the process. The information provided by ecological suitability characterizations can support restoration prioritization decisions for Gulf of Mexico estuaries and can provide a baseline measure to gauge restoration effectiveness over time to inform cumulative restoration assessments.

Capacidad institucional del municipio de Maicao para responder la demanda de servicios. Educación y salud en crisis migratoria / Institutional capacity of the municipality of maicao to respond to the demand for services. Education and health in migration crisis

Este artículo es producto de una investigación desarrollada en el municipio de Maicao, departamento de La Guajira, zona fronteriza colombo-venezolana. Se ha considerado de interés académico analizar su capacidad institucional para responder demandas de servicios fundamentales, sector educación y salud en crisis migratoria. Por primera vez, se estudia este caso con enfoque constructivista, caracterizando su capacidad fiscal, técnica y política; aplicando técnicas de observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas para analizar desde la perspectiva de administradores del nivel superior, medio y operativo su función. Resultados confirman oportunidades de mejorar continuamente para superar históricos problemas socioeconómicos, políticos y ambientales de este territorio multicultural y pluriétnico; incrementar presupuesto; desarrollar procesos permeados por el espíritu de la calidad e integridad; tener relaciones sociales efectivas; afrontar la llegada masiva de migrantes. Eventualmente resulta más complejo porque debe atender población habitual, connacionales y ciudadanos venezolanos que llegan huyendo del conflicto en su país. Se constituye un desafío diseñar e implementar innovadoras estrategias para su solvencia, estabilidad y productividad; realizar procesos de transferencia y gestión de tecnología en interacción con grupos de interés o stakeholders internos y externos.

This article is the product of an investigation carried out in the municipality of Maicao, department of La Guajira, Colombian-Venezuelan border area. It has been considered of academic interest to analyze its institutional capacity to respond to demands for fundamental services, education and health sector in migration crisis. For the first time, this case is studied with a constructivist approach, characterizing its fiscal, technical and political capacity; applying observation techniques and semi-structured interviews to analyze their function from the perspective of administrators of the upper, middle and operational levels. Results confirm opportunities for continuous improvement to overcome historical socioeconomic, political and environmental problems of this multicultural and multiethnic territory; increase budget; develop processes permeated by the spirit of quality and integrity; have effective social relationships; cope with the massive influx of migrants. It eventually becomes more complex because it must attend to the regular population, fellow nationals and Venezuelan citizens who arrive fleeing the conflict in their country. It is a challenge to design and implement innovative strategies for its solvency, stability and productivity; carry out technology transfer and management processes in interaction with interest groups or internal and external stakeholders.

Prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial dirigidas a los stakeholders en PYMEs del Valle del Cauca: literatura vs práctica / Stakeholder-oriented corporate social responsibility practices in SMEs in Valle del Cauca: literature vs. practice / Práticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa centradas nas partes interessadas nas PMEs do Valle do Cauca: literatura vs. prática

RESUMEN Las empresas requieren el desarrollo de prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial - RSE que sean un medio de relación con sus grupos de interés y que evidencien cómo contribuyen en la satisfacción de las necesidades de los mismos. Este artículo busca realizar un análisis descriptivo de las prácticas de RSE por grupo de interés que se presentan en la literatura y hacer un comparativo con las prácticas que reportan las PYMES más exportadoras del Valle del Cauca. Para lo cual se realiza una revisión de los artículos académicos entre 2010 y 2020 y se hace un análisis de contenido sobre las prácticas de RSE publicadas en las páginas web de las PYMES más exportadoras del Valle del Cauca de acuerdo al reporte de la Cámara de Comercio de Cali en el ano 2020, teniendo como base de comparación las dimensiones de RSE econòmica, filantrópica y ético-legal planteadas por Carroll. Los resultados indican que el grupo de interés que mayor cantidad de prácticas percibe por parte de las PYMES analizadas son los empleados y que la dimensión de RSE que más prácticas tienen es la ético-legal. Por último, se halla que múltiples prácticas van dirigidas a dos o más grupos de interés lo que permite una optimización de recursos y un mejor alcance por práctica de RSE aplicada en las PYMES.

ABSTRACT Companies require the development of corporate social responsibility - CSR practices that are a means of relating with their stakeholders and that demonstrate how they contribute to satisfying their needs. This article seeks to carry out a descriptive analysis of CSR practices by stakeholder presented in the literature and to make a comparison with the practices reported by the most exporting SMEs in Valle del Cauca.To this end, a review of academic articles between 2010 and 2020 was carried out and a content analysis was made of the CSR practices published on the web pages of the most exporting SMEs in Valle del Cauca according to the report of the Cali Chamber of Commerce in 2020, using as a basis for comparison the dimensions of economic, philanthropic and ethical-legal CSR proposed by Carroll. The results indicate that the stakeholder group that perceives the greatest number of practices on the part of the SMEs analyzed are the employees, and that the CSR dimension with the most practices is ethical-legal. Finally it is found that multiple practices are aimed at two or more stakeholders, which allows for an optimization of resources and a better scope per CSR practice applied in SMEs.

RESUMO As empresas exigem o desenvolvimento de práticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa - RSE que sejam um meio de relacionamento com suas partes interessadas e que mostrem como elas contribuem para satisfazer suas necessidades. Este artigo procura realizar uma análise descritiva das práticas de RSE pelas partes interessadas apresentadas na literatura e fazer uma comparação com as práticas relatadas pelas PMEs mais exportadoras do Valle del Cauca. Para isso, é feita uma revisão dos artigos acadêmicos entre 2010 e 2020 e é feita uma análise de conteúdo das práticas de RSE publicadas nos sites das PMEs mais exportadoras de Valle del Cauca, de acordo com o relatório da Câmara de Comércio de Cali em 2020, usando como base de comparação as dimensões da RSE econômica, filantrópica e ético-legal proposta pela Carroll. Os resultados indicam que o grupo de participantes com o maior número de práticas percebidas pelas PMEs analisadas são os funcionários e que a dimensão de RSE com o maior número de práticas ético-jurídicas. Finalmente, constata-se que múltiplas práticas visam duas ou mais partes interessadas, o que permite uma otimização dos recursos e um melhor escopo por prática de RSE aplicada nas PMEs.

Dialéctica del estallido social en Colombia 2021: ecosistema de la contienda política-económica inherente Al capitalismo- imperialismo (Tercera parte: actores 2) / Dialectics of the Social Outburst in Colombia in 2021: Ecosystem of the Political-Economic Contest Inherent to Capitalism-Imperialism. (Third part: actors 2)

Resumen El estallido social 2021 devenido del paro del 28 de abril, el gran paro de la historia reciente de este país fue una lucha predominantemente espontánea, organizada en el día y a día, pero sin un plan, una estrategia, una vanguardia científica-política y unas metas plenamente articuladas. Es decir, si se busca transformar desde sus raíces una sociedad, un país, que opera con arreglo a la opresión y la explotación, la capacidad combativa de su pueblo es condición ne cesaria pero insuficiente. La fuerza combativa de las masas como lo que se mani festó durante el estallido social, debe orientarse más allá de las reivindicaciones puntuales, algunas de las cuales se resuelven con reformas de tipo liberal.

Abstract The social outburst in 2021, resulting from the strike of April 28, the great strike in the recent history of this country, was a predominantly spontaneous struggle, organized on a day-to-day basis, but without a plan, a strategy, a scientific-po litical vanguard, and fully articulated goals. That is to say, if one seeks to trans form a society from its roots, a country, which operates under oppression and exploitation, the combative capacity of its people is a necessary, but insufficient condition. The combative force of the masses, such as that which was manifes ted during the social outburst, must be oriented beyond the specific demands, some of which are resolved with liberal reforms.

Responsible Leadership and Affective Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Organizations and their leaders are challenged to assume a responsible behavior given the increase of corporate scandals and the deterioration of employee commitment. However, relatively few studies have investigated the impact of responsible leadership (RL) on employee commitment and the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in this relationship. Using the social identity theory this article examined the mediating effect of CSR practices in the relationship between RL and affective organizational commitment (AOC). Data collection was done through a paper survey completed by 309 full-time Colombian employees. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that CSR fully mediated the influence of RL on AOC. Thus, RL is an effective mechanism to develop CSR practices that in turn increase the levels of AOC of employees.

Perfil do consumidor de leite de cabra e derivados / Consumer's profile of goat's mill and its derivates

O presente artigo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil do consumidor do leite de cabra e seus derivados, especialmente quanto à frequência e razão do consumo desses produtos. Foi realiada uma survey utilizando um questionário, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, enviado por meio eletrônico no sistema bola de neve. O questionário foi respondido por 372 pessoas, sendo 212 (57%) destas já consumiram algum derivado de leite caprino. A maioria dos respondentes era do sexo feminino (68,5%) e idade até 24 anos (68,5%). A escolaridade variou de ensino fundamental à pós-graduação, sendo que o ensino superior incompleto ou completo e pós-graduação representam cerca de 80% dos respondentes e cerca de 54% possuem renda até 3 salários-mínimos. Queijos (>60%) e leite em pó (16%) são os produtos com maior e menor consumo, respectivamente, sendo a aquisição dos produtos é realizada, preferencialmente, em super e hipermercados. Entre os motivos para consumo dos produtos estão o sabor, curiosidade, ser saudável, possuir mais vitaminas, fatores nutricionais e funcionais, qualidade e indicação médica. O consumo diário de produtos de origem caprina ainda é baixo, sendo necessária a desmistificação quanto ao sabor destes produtos e a divulgação de suas características nutricionais.(AU)

This article aims to outline the consumer's profile of goat's milk and its derivatives, especially regarding the frequency and reason for the consumption of these products. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire, with open and closed questions, sent electronically in the snowball system. The questionnaire was answered by 372 people, 212 (57%) of whom have already consumed some goat's milk derivative. Most respondents were female (68.5%) and age (68.5%) up to 24 years old. Education ranged from elementary to post-graduate, with incomplete or complete higher education and post-graduate education accounting for about 80% of respondents and about 54% earning up to 3 minimum wages. Cheese (> 60%) and powdered milk (16%) are the products with the highest and lowest consumption, respectively, with the products being purchased, preferably, in super and hypermarkets. Among the reasons for consuming the products are the taste, curiosity, being healthy, having more vitamins, nutritional and functional factors, quality, and medical indication. The daily consumption of goat's products is still low, and it is necessary to demystify the flavor of these products and publicize their nutritional characteristics.(AU)

Legitimidad de los operadores móviles en los usuários de Medellín, Colombia: aproximación teórica y empírica / Legitimacy of mobile operators in Medellín, Colombia, users: theoretical and empirical approach / Legitimidade das operadoras móveis entre os usuários em Medellín, Colômbia: uma abordagem teórica e empírica

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es medir la percepción de la legitimidad de los operadores móviles por parte de los usuarios de Medellín, Colombia, partiendo de un modelo teórico sustentado en la relación entre las dimensiones cognitiva, moral y pragmática de la legitimidad. Los datos se obtuvieron de una encuesta a una muestra de 1.094 usuarios de telefonía móvil de la ciudad. El modelo se validó utilizando el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Los hallazgos muestran que la legitimidad cognitiva, moral y pragmática de los usuarios de los servicios de los operadores móviles están relacionadas, de donde se infiere que los operadores deben desarrollar estrategias comunicativas considerando todas las dimensiones de la legitimidad para tener una mejor aceptación de sus clientes. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL 120; 18

AВSTRACT The aim of this paper is to measure the perception of the legitimacy of mobile operators by the users of Medellín, Colombia, founding from a theoretical model based on the relationship between the cognitive, moral, and pragmatic dimensions of legitimacy The data was obtained from a survey of a sample of 1,094 mobile phone users from the city The model was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The findings show that the cognitive, moral, and pragmatic legitimacy of the users of the services mobile operators are related, from which it is inferred that the operators must develop communication strategies considering all the dimensions of legitimacy to have a better acceptance of their customers. JEL CLASSIFICATION 120; 18

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é medir a perceção da legitimidade das operadoras móveis pelos usuários em Medellín, Colômbia, com base em um modelo teórico baseado na relação entre as dimensões cognitiva, moral e pragmática da legitimidade. Os dados foram obtidos de uma pesquisa com uma amostra de 1.094 usuários de telefones celulares na cidade. O modelo foi validado utilizando a Análise Confirmativa de Fatores. As conclusões mostram que a legitimidade cognitiva, moral e pragmática dos usuários de serviços das operadoras móveis está relacionada, da qual se deduz que as operadoras devem desenvolver estratégias comunicativas considerando todas as dimensões de legitimidade para ter uma melhor aceitação por parte de seus clientes. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL 120; 18

Stakeholders, fatores críticos de sucesso e geração de valor em parcerias público-privadas / Stakeholders, factores críticos de éxito y generación de valor en alianzas público-privadas / Stakeholders, critical success factors, and value creation in public-private partnerships

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos stakeholders na geração de valor em parcerias público-privadas no Brasil, considerando suas motivações e os fatores críticos que determinam o sucesso desse tipo de colaboração. Para tanto, foram analisadas parcerias dos governos federal, estaduais e municipais por meio da análise de conteúdo de documentos e entrevistas com representantes dos setores público e privado envolvidos. A identificação dos stakeholders foi feita mediante a utilização simultânea de modelos que permitem demonstrar os múltiplos papéis desempenhados pelos atores na formulação e na implementação de políticas públicas (R. C. Gomes et al., 2010), seu potencial de ameaça ou de cooperação (Savage et al., 1991) e seu grau de saliência (Mitchell et al., 1997). Além disso, foram identificados os fatores críticos de sucesso, os elementos de valor e os fatores determinantes para a cooperação mais recorrentes nessas parcerias. Ademais, foi proposto um modelo de análise que permite a identificação de tais elementos, a fim de possibilitar que o tomador de decisão trace uma estratégia para lidar com eles.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de los stakeholders en la generación de valor en las alianzas público-privadas en Brasil, considerando sus motivaciones y los factores críticos que determinan el éxito de este tipo de colaboración. Con este fin, se analizaron las asociaciones entre los gobiernos federal, estatales y municipales, a través del análisis de contenido de documentos y entrevistas con representantes de los sectores público y privado involucrados en tales asociaciones. La identificación de los stakeholders se realizó mediante el uso simultáneo de modelos que permiten demostrar los múltiples roles que desempeñan los actores en la formulación e implementación de políticas públicas (R. C. Gomes et al., 2010), su potencial de amenaza o de cooperación (Savage et al., 1991) y su grado de notoriedad (Mitchell et al., 1997). Además, se identificaron los factores críticos de éxito más frecuentes, los elementos de valor y los factores determinantes para la cooperación en tales alianzas. Asimismo, se propone un modelo de análisis que permite la identificación de dichos elementos para que el tomador de decisiones pueda diseñar una estrategia para tratar con ellos.

Abstract This study analyzes the role of stakeholders in the value creation in public-private partnerships in Brazil, considering their motivations and the critical factors that determine the success of this type of collaboration. We analyzed partnerships between federal, state, and local governments through content analysis of documents and interviews with representatives of the public and private sectors involved in such partnerships. Stakeholders identification was conducted through the simultaneous use of models that allow demonstrating the multiple roles played by the actors, i.e. the role in public policies formulation and implementation (R. C. Gomes et al., 2010), their potential for threat or cooperation (Savage et al., 1991), and salience degree (Mitchell et al., 1997). In addition, the most recurrent critical success factors, value elements, and determining factors for cooperation in such partnerships were identified. Furthermore, an analytical model is proposed to identify such elements so that decision-makers can devise a strategy to deal with them.

Perfil do consumidor de leite de cabra e derivados / Consumer's profile of goat's milk and its derivates

O presente artigo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil do consumidor do leite de cabra e seus derivados, especialmente quanto à frequência e razão do consumo desses produtos. Foi realiada uma survey utilizando um questionário, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, enviado por meio eletrônico no sistema bola de neve. O questionário foi respondido por 372 pessoas, sendo 212 (57%) destas já consumiram algum derivado de leite caprino. A maioria dos respondentes era do sexo feminino (68,5%) e idade até 24 anos (68,5%). A escolaridade variou de ensino fundamental à pós-graduação, sendo que o ensino superior incompleto ou completo e pós-graduação representam cerca de 80% dos respondentes e cerca de 54% possuem renda até 3 salários-mínimos. Queijos (>60%) e leite em pó (16%) são os produtos com maior e menor consumo, respectivamente, sendo a aquisição dos produtos é realizada, preferencialmente, em super e hipermercados. Entre os motivos para consumo dos produtos estão o sabor, curiosidade, ser saudável, possuir mais vitaminas, fatores nutricionais e funcionais, qualidade e indicação médica. O consumo diário de produtos de origem caprina ainda é baixo, sendo necessária a desmistificação quanto ao sabor destes produtos e a divulgação de suas características nutricionais

This article aims to outline the consumer's profile of goat's milk and its derivatives, especially regarding the frequency and reason for the consumption of these products. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire, with open and closed questions, sent electronically in the snowball system. The questionnaire was answered by 372 people, 212 (57%) of whom have already consumed some goat's milk derivative. Most respondents were female (68.5%) and age (68.5%) up to 24 years old. Education ranged from elementary to post-graduate, with incomplete or complete higher education and post-graduate education accounting for about 80% of respondents and about 54% earning up to 3 minimum wages. Cheese (> 60%) and powdered milk (16%) are the products with the highest and lowest consumption, respectively, with the products being purchased, preferably, in super and hypermarkets. Among the reasons for consuming the products are the taste, curiosity, being healthy, having more vitamins, nutritional and functional factors, quality, and medical indication. The daily consumption of goat's products is still low, and it is necessary to demystify the flavor of these products and publicize their nutritional characteristics