Ten-year experience of bone SBRT in breast cancer: analysis of predictive factors of effectiveness.

PURPOSE: Data on the benefit of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with breast cancer (BC) and bone metastases remain limited. The purpose of this study is to report our 10-year experience of bone SBRT, analyzing toxicity and prognostic factors for local control (LC); progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS). METHODS/PATIENTS: We analyzed all spine and non-spine bone SBRT performed in patients with BC during the 2012-2022 period at our institution. Treatments carried out with ablative intent in stereotactic conditions with dose/fraction ≥ 5 Gy in 5 or fewer sessions were considered. Demographic, treatment, and toxicity data were recorded according to CTCAEv4. Risk factors were assessed through univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox regression. RESULTS: 60 bone SBRT treatments were performed during the study period. 75% were spine SBRT and 25% were non-spine SBRT (median BED4Gy was 80 Gy4). The median age was 52.5 years (34-79). The median tumor volume was 2.9 cm3 (0.5-39.4). The median follow-up was 32.4 months (1.2-101.7). 1 and 2 years LC were 92.9 and 86.6%, respectively. 1 and 2 years OS were 100 and 90.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis (MVA) associated volume of the treated lesion ≥ 13 cm3 with worse LC (p = 0.046; HR 12.1, 95%CI = 1.1-140.3). In addition, deferring SBRT > 3 months after lesion diagnosis to prioritize systemic treatment showed a significant benefit, improving the 2 years LC up to 96.8% vs. 67.5% for SBRT performed before this period (p = 0.031; HR 0.1, 95%CI = 0.01-0.8). Hormonal receptors, the total number of metastases, and CA15-3 value were significantly associated with OS in MVA. During follow-up, three non-spine fractures (5%) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, bone SBRT is a safe and effective technique for BC. Upfront systemic treatment before SBRT offers a benefit in LC. Therefore, SBRT should be considered after prior systemic treatment in this population.

Radiotherapy-related toxicity for localized prostate cancer: meta-analysis comparing conventional or moderately hypofractionated vs. ultrahypofractionated protocols.

BACKGROUND: To compare toxicities in relation to standard radiation treatments [conventional fractionation RT (CRT) and moderate hypofractionated RT (MRT)] with ultrahypofractionated RT (URT) in the treatment of patients with localized PCa. METHODS: A searched was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and LILACS to January 2020 for studies comparing URT to CRT and/or MRT in relation to genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in the treatment of patients with localized PCa. URT, MRT and CRT were defined as protocols delivering a daily dose of ≥5 Gy, 2.4-4.9 Gy, and <2.4 Gy per fractions regardless total dose, respectively. RESULTS: Eight studies with 2929 patients with localized PCa were included in the analysis. These eight studies did not find any difference between URT and MRT/CRT groups in relation to acute GU toxicity (21.0% × 23.8%, RD -0.04; 95% CI -0.13, 0.06; p = 0.46; I2 = 89%) and acute GI toxicity (4.9% × 6.9%, RD -0.03; 95% CI -0.07, 0.01; p = 0.21; I2 = 79%). Six studies did not find any difference between URT and MRT/CRT groups in relation to late GU toxicity (3.9% × 4.7%, RD -0.01; 95% CI -0.03, 0.00; p = 0.16; I2 = 19%) and late GI toxicity (2.1% × 3.5%, RD -0.01; 95% CI -0.03, 0.00; p = 0.05; I2 = 22%). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that acute GU/GI and late GU/GI toxicity are similar between URT and standard protocols. More studies with longer follow-ups directed to oncology outcomes are warranted before any recommendation on this topic.

Cost-effectiveness of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of surgically ineligible stage I non-small cell lung cancer in the Brazilian public health system.

Background: The Brazilian public health system does not pay for the use of Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) due to its costs and the absence of cost-effectiveness analysis showing its benefit. The present study aims to evaluate whether the SBRT is a more cost-effective strategy than the conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for surgically ineligible stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Brazilian public health system. Methods: Adopting the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (SUS) as the payer, a Markov model with a lifetime horizon was built to delineate the health states for a cohort of 75-years-old men with medically inoperable NSCLC after treatment with SBRT or CFRT. Transition probabilities and health states utilities were adapted from the literature. Costs were based on the public health system reimbursement values and simulated in the private sector. Findings: The SBRT strategy results in more quality-adjusted life-year (QALYs) and costs with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of R$ 164.86 (U$ 65.16) per QALY and R$ 105 (U$ 41.50) per life-year gained (LYG). This strategy was cost-effective, considering a willingness-to-pay of R$ 25,000 (U$ 9,881.42) per QALY. The net monetary benefit (NMB) was approximately twice higher. The outcomes were confirmed with 92% of accuracy in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Interpretation: Using a threshold of R$25,000 per QALY, SBRT was more cost-effective than CFRT for NSCLC in a public health system of an upper-middle-income country. SBRT generates higher NMB than CFRT, which could open the opportunity to incorporate new technologies. Funding: Varian Medical Systems.

Long-term outcomes of spinal SBRT. Is it important to select the treatment time?

PURPOSE: SBRT (stereotactic body radiation therapy) is widely used as a curative treatment in tumoral lesions and has become a fundamental tool for the treatment of spine metastasis. In this study, we present survival and toxicity outcomes of spine SBRT after a 2-year follow-up. METHODS/PATIENTS: Data from spine SBRT treatments performed at our institution between March 2012 and February 2020 was collected. Medical records, including demographic, primary tumor, and treatment characteristics were reviewed. Patient follow-up included clinical evaluation, imaging, and blood tests. Toxicity was recorded according to CTCAE v4.0. RESULTS: We analyzed 73 consecutive spine SBRT treatments in 60 patients. 39.7% of the cases had primary breast cancer and 23.3% had prostate cancer. Most cases (87.7%) were treated with a single SBRT fraction of 16 Gy. Median follow-up was 26.1 months (range 1.7-78.6), and 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.9% and 84.2%, respectively. Local control (LC) rates at 1- and 2-years were 76.3% and 70.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified histology as a prognostic factor for both OS and LC. Patients who underwent spine SBRT 6 months after the spinal lesion diagnosis had LC at 2 years of 88%, vs 61.7% for those who underwent SBRT before this period. No grade III or higher toxicity was reported. The vertebral compression fracture (VCF) rate was 4.1%. CONCLUSION: Spine SBRT at our institution showed a 2-year LC of 70.6%, without G3 toxicities. Delaying SBRT at least 6 months to administer systemic treatment was related to an improvement in local control.

Feasibility of SBRT for hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil - a prospective pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil. SBRT is an evolving treatment in HCC patients not candidates to other local therapies. Its adoption in clinical practice has been heterogeneous, with lack of data on its generalizability in the Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective pilot study involving HCC patients after failure or ineligibility for transarterial chemoembolization. Patients received SBRT 30 to 50 Gy in 5 fractions using an isotoxic prescription approach. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT02221778. RESULTS: From Nov 2014 through Aug 2019, 26 patients received SBRT with 40 Gy median dose. Underlying liver disease was hepatitis C, hepatitis B and alcohol-related in, respectively, 50%, 23% and 19% of patients. Median lesion size was 3.8 cm (range, 1.5-10 cm), and 46% had multiple lesions. Thirty-two percent had tumor vascular thrombosis; median pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 171.7 ng/mL (range, 4.2-5,494 ng/mL). 1y-local progression-free survival (PFS) was 86% (95% CI: 61% to 95%), with higher local control in doses ≥ 45Gy (p = 0.037; HR = 0.12). 1y-liver PFS, distant PFS and OS were, respectively, 52%, 77% and 79%. Objective response was seen in 89% of patients, with 3 months post-SBRT median AFP of 12 ng/mL (2.4-637 ng/mL). There were no grade 3 or 4 clinical toxicities. Grade 3 or 4 laboratory toxicities occurred in 27% of patients. CONCLUSION: SBRT is feasible and safe in patients unresponsive or ineligible for TACE in Brazil. Our study suggests doses ≥ 45 Gy yields better local control.

Safety and Feasibility Analysis of a Prospective Trial on Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma.

BACKGROUND: There have been reports on the use of hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for bone plasmacytomas, but no prospective data are available. We present the initial analysis of an ongoing prospective protocol on SBRT addressing the feasibility and safety of this treatment for solitary bone plasmacytomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort of SBRT for solitary bone plasmacytoma was developed. Patients could receive different doses depending on the index bone, from single fraction for skull base lesions, 24 Gy in 3 fractions for spine lesions, and 30 Gy in 5 fractions for other bones. Overall survival, bone events, local control, and progression to multiple myeloma (MM) were measured and compared to our retrospective cohort of patients treated with conformal standard-dose radiotherapy. Quality of life was assessed via the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and toxicities were assessed by the CTCAE v5.0 criteria. After 1 year or the inclusion of 5-10 patients, a feasibility and safety analysis was programmed. RESULTS: Between April 2018 and April 2019, 5 patients were included. All were male, with a median age of 53.1 years. The median follow-up was 21.8 months. No patient had local progression, bone event, or died. Two patients had progressions to MM. The mean survival free of progression to MM was 18.6 months, compared to 19 months in the retrospective cohort; median values were not reached. There were no grade 3 toxicities. CONCLUSION: SBRT for plasmacytoma is safe and feasible. More robust data are awaited.

Clinical verification of treatment planning dose calculation in lung SBRT with GATE Monte Carlo simulation code.

PURPOSE: This study aims to use GATE/Geant4 simulation code to evaluate the performance of dose calculations with Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) in the context of lung SBRT for complex treatments considering images of patients. METHODS: Four cases of non-small cell lung cancer treated with SBRT were selected for this study. Irradiation plans were created with AAA and recalculated end to end using Monte Carlo (MC) method maintaining field configurations identical to the original plans. Each treatment plan was evaluated in terms of PTV and organs at risk (OARs) using dose-volume histograms (DVH). Dosimetric parameters obtained from DVHs were used to compare AAA and MC. RESULTS: The comparison between the AAA and MC DVH using gamma analysis with the passing criteria of 3%/3% showed an average passing rate of more than 90% for the PTV structure and 97% for the OARs. Tightening the criteria to 2%/2% showed a reduction in the average passing rate of the PTV to 86%. The agreement between the AAA and MC dose calculations for PTV dosimetric parameters (V100; V90; Homogeneity index; maximum, minimum and mean dose; CIPaddick and D2cm) was within 18.4%. For OARs, the biggest differences were observed in the spinal cord and the great vessels. CONCLUSIONS: In general, we did not find significant differences between AAA and MC. The results indicate that AAA could be used in complex SBRT cases that involve a larger number of small treatment fields in the presence of tissue heterogeneities.

A multi-institutional analysis of fractionated versus single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of primary lung tumors: a comparison between two antipodal fractionations.

OBJECTIVES: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a consolidate treatment for inoperable early-stage lung tumors, usually delivered in single or multi-fraction regimens. We aimed to compare these two approaches in terms of local effectiveness, safety and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients affected by medically inoperable early-stage lung tumor were treated at two Institutions with two different schedules: 70 Gy in ten fractions (TF) (BED10: 119 Gy) or 30 Gy in single fraction (SF) (BED10: 120 Gy). RESULTS: 73 patients were treated with SBRT delivered with two biological equivalent schedules: SF (44) and TF (29). The median follow-up was 34 months (range 3-81 months). Three-year Overall survival (OS) was 57.9%, 3-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 77.2%, with no difference between treatment groups. Three-year progression-free survival (LPFS) was 88.9% and did not differs between SF and TF. Overall, four cases (5.4%) of acute grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis occurred. No differences in acute and late toxicity between the two groups were detected. CONCLUSION: SF and TF seems to be equally safe and effective in the treatment of primary inoperable lung tumors especially for smaller lesion. The SF may be preferentially offered to reduce patient access to hospital with no negative impact on tumor control and survival.

Recommended procedures and responsibilities for radiosurgery (SRS) and extracranial stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT): report of the SEOR in collaboration with the SEFM.

Today, patient management generally requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, due to the growing knowledge base and increasing complexity of Medicine, clinical practice has become even more specialised. Radiation oncology is not immune to this trend towards subspecialisation, which is particularly evident in ablative radiotherapy techniques that require high dose fractions, such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The aim of the present report is to establish the position of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR), in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Medical Physics (SEFM), with regard to the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals involved in performing SRS and SBRT. The need for this white paper is motivated due to the recent changes in Spanish Legislation (Royal Decree [RD] 601/2019, October 18, 2019) governing the use and optimization of radiotherapy and radiological protection for medical exposure to ionizing radiation (article 11, points 4 and 5) [1 ], which states: "In radiotherapy treatment units, the specialist in Radiation Oncology will be responsible for determining the correct treatment indication, selecting target volumes, determining the clinical radiation parameters for each volume, directing and supervising treatment, preparing the final clinical report, reporting treatment outcomes, and monitoring the patient's clinical course." Consequently, the SEOR and SEFM have jointly prepared the present document to establish the roles and responsibilities for the specialists-radiation oncologists (RO), medical physicists (MP), and related staff -involved in treatments with ionizing radiation. We believe that it is important to clearly establish the responsibilities of each professional group and to clearly establish the professional competencies at each stage of the radiotherapy process.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with oligoprogression during androgen receptor-targeted therapy.

OBJECTIVES: To report outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with oligoprogression (≤ 5 metastases) during first-line treatment with androgen receptor-targeted therapy (ARTT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective multi-institutional analysis of mCRPC patients treated with SBRT to oligoprogressive lesions during ARTT. End-points were time to next-line systemic treatment (NEST), radiological progression-free survival (r-PFS) and overall survival (OS). Toxicity was registered according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate analysis (MVA) were performed. RESULTS: Data from 34 patients were analyzed. Median NEST-free survival, r-PFS, and OS were 16.97, 13.47, and 38.3 months, respectively. At MVA, factors associated with worse NEST-free survival and r-PFS were polymetastatic burden at diagnosis of metastatic hormone-sensitive disease (hazard ratio [HR] 3.66, p = 0.009; HR 3.03, p = 0.034), PSA ≤ 7 ng/ml at mCRPC diagnosis (HR 0.23, p = 0.017; HR 0.19, p = 0.006) and PSADT ≤ 3 months at mCRPC diagnosis (HR 3.39, p = 0.026; HR 2.79, p = 0.037). Polymetastatic state at mHSPC diagnosis was associated with a decreased OS (HR 4.68, p = 0.029). No patient developed acute or late grade ≥ 2 toxicity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SBRT in oligoprogressive mCPRC is safe, effective and seems to prolong the efficacy of the ongoing systemic treatment positively affecting disease progression. Prospective trials are needed.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases: Clinical outcomes and literature review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the management of liver metastasis is increasing, using ablative doses with the goal of local control and ultimately improving survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate our initial results regarding local control, overall survival and toxicity in patients with liver metastases treated with this technique, due to the lack of evidence reported in Latin America. MATERIALS/METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review from November 2012 to June 2018 of 24 patients with 32 liver metastases. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for local control and overall survival. Clinical and prognostic factors were further analyzed by independent analysis. Median follow-up period was 22 months (range, 1-65 months). RESULTS: Median age was 62 years (range, 40-84 years). Colorectal carcinoma was the most common primary cancer. Overall 1-year and 2-years local control rates were 82% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 70-98%) and 76.2% (95% CI, 45-90%), respectively. Median overall survival rate was 35 months (95%, CI 20.5-48 months). Overall 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 85.83% (95% CI, 64-99%) and 68% (95% CI, 45-84%), respectively. No acute or late grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT achieves excellent local control and overall survival rates with low toxicity in patients with liver metastases. Based on our literature review, our results are consistent with larger reports. Further randomized trials are required to compare with other local therapies.

A SUVmax-based propensity matched analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: unveiling the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in clinical decision-making.

BACKGROUND: The value of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was overlooked in current studies comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) versus surgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we aimed to compare the 3-year outcomes based on patients for whom SUVmax were available, and to explore the role of SUVmax in clinical decision-making. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2016, data of eligible patients were collected. Patient variables and clinical outcomes were compared in both unmatched and matched groups using propensity score matching (PSM). Multivariate analysis was performed for predictors of poor outcome. The relationship between treatment approach and survival outcome was also evaluated in subgroup patients stratified by SUVmax level. RESULTS: A total of 425 patients treated with either surgery (325) or SBRT (100) were included. Patients receiving SBRT were significantly older, had a higher level of SUVmax and were more likely to have tumor of centrally located. Multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax and tumor size were significant predictors for 3-year OS, LRC, and PFS, while better PFS was also related to peripheral tumor and surgery. The result of PSM analysis also showed that compared to SBRT, surgery could only achieve better PFS. Subgroup analysis indicated that surgery had added advantage of 3-year LRC and PFS for patients in high SUVmax group (SUVmax > 8), but not in low SUVmax group. CONCLUSIONS: The study found a superior PFS after surgery while OS and LRC did not differ between SBRT and surgery. Surgery should be recommended for tumor of high SUVmax.

Comparative efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with concurrent stereotactic body radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy with subsequent chemotherapy in patients with clinical stage T1-3N0M0 non-small cell lung carcinoma.

PURPOSE: We compared the clinical efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy with induction chemotherapy and concurrent radiochemotherapy vs stereotactic body radiotherapy with subsequent chemotherapy in patients with clinical stage T1-3N0M0 non-small cell lung carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients with c-stage T1-3N0M0 non-small cell lung carcinoma who received stereotactic body radiotherapy. All patients received six cycles of chemotherapy. Fifteen of the patients were treated with three cycles of induction chemotherapy, one cycle of concurrent radiochemotherapy, and then two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy, while 23 patients received Sequential Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy. RESULTS: Patients in the induction chemotherapy group experienced a longer duration of esophagitis (median 2 vs 0, range 0-6 vs 0-3.6 weeks, p = 0.04). We divided the patients into two groups based on their median pre-treatment tumor volume (cm3): >32.11 and ≤32.11. The tumor response rate in patients with larger tumor volume was substantially higher in the induction chemotherapy group than in the Sequential Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy group (66.67 vs 40%). Among patients with pre-treatment tumor volume (cm3) >32.11, the median local progression-free survival (LPFS) in the induction chemotherapy group and Sequential Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy group was 18 months (range 7-72 months) and 11 months (range 6-53 months), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous SBRT and chemotherapy can result in a longer duration of esophagitis. However, for patients with large tumor volume, ICT combined with concurrent radiochemotherapy may result in better local tumor response as well as longer LPFS and progression-free survival. To better elucidate the best treatment, further clinical trials are needed.

Emerging radiotherapy technology in a developing country: A single Brazilian institution assessment of stereotactic body radiotherapy application / Tecnologias emergentes em radioterapia em um país em desenvolvimento: perfil do uso de radiocirurgia extracraniana em uma instituição filantrópica privada

Summary Objective: To provide a quantitative profile of the indications and use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a developing country oncology-based institution. In addition, to describe the patients' and treatment characteristics, and to provide a temporal analysis. Method: SBRT patients treated from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively evaluated by two independently investigators. Data were stratified and compared in two periods: first experience (FE) (May 2007 to April 2011), and following experience (FollowE) (May 2011 to April 2015). The following parameters were compared between the groups: total number of treated patients and lesions, treatment site, additional image fusion used, formal protocol adoption, and SBRT planning technique. Results: One hundred and seventy-six (176) patients with 191 lesions were treated: 34 (18%) lesions in the FE and 157 (82%) lesions in FollowE. The majority of lesions were metastases (60.3%), and lung (60.2%) was the most common treatment site, followed by spine (31%), and others (8.8%). An average of 1.4 (±0.6) additional imaging exams for delineation was performed. Conformal 3D radiotherapy planning technique was used in 64.4%, and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the remaining 35.6% (p=0.0001). Higher rates of curative treatments were observed in FE, as well as more lung lesions, patients ≥ 70 years, 3D conformal, number of additional images and ECOG 0, and all presented p<0.05. The global rate of protocol statement was 79%, lung treatment being the most stated. Conclusion: SBRT application is rapidly increasing in our setting. Treatment sites and planning techniques are becoming more diversified and complex.

Resumo Objetivo: realizar uma análise quantitativa das indicações e do uso de SBRT (stereotactic body radiotherapy) em uma instituição filantrópica. Além disso, descrever temporalmente as características dos pacientes e tratamentos. Método: retrospectivamente, foram coletados, por dois investigadores independentes, os dados de todos os pacientes tratados com SBRT na instituição no período de maio de 2007 a fevereiro de 2015. Dados foram estratificados e comparados em dois períodos: inicial (P1) (maio de 2007 a abril de 2011) e período seguinte (P2) (maio de 2011 a abril de 2015). Os seguintes parâmetros foram comparados entre os grupos: número total de pacientes e lesões tratadas, local de tratamento, uso de imagens adicionais, adoção formal de protocolo e técnica de planejamento. Resultados: foram avaliados 176 pacientes e 191 lesões, sendo 34 (18%) no P1 e 157 (82%) no P2, tratados com SBRT. A maioria das lesões eram metastáticas (60,3%), sendo pulmão o sítio mais prevalente, contabilizando 115/191 (60,2%) lesões, seguida de lesões ósseas (30,8%). Uma média de 1,4 (±0,6) exame de imagem adicional foi usada para o delineamento. Uso formal de protocolo/recomendações foi descrito em 79% das lesões. A técnica 3D-conformada (3DCRT - three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy) foi a mais utilizada para planejamento [123/191 (64,4%) lesões] quando comparada à intensidade modulada e ao arco dinâmico (p=0.0001). O P1 esteve associado a maior número de lesões primárias tratadas (OR 2,09; p=0,0005), lesões pulmonares (OR 3,85; p=0,0198), pacientes ≥ 70 anos (OR 2,77; p=0,0005), uso de planejamento 3D (OR 16; p=0,0001), menor uso de imagens adicionais [0 ou 1 (versus > 1)] (OR 7,5; p=0,0001) e ECOG 0 (vs. > 0) (OR 0,21; p=0,0431). Conclusão: o uso de SBRT aumentou ao longo do tempo na instituição. No P2, notou-se uma evolução técnica, com indicações mais diferenciadas, maior uso de imagens auxiliares para definição do alvo e técnicas de planejamento mais sofisticadas.

Spine radiosurgery for the local treatment of spine metastases: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image guidance, clinical aspects and future directions

Many cancer patients will develop spinal metastases. Local control is important for preventing neurologic compromise and to relieve pain. Stereotactic body radiotherapy or spinal radiosurgery is a new radiation therapy technique for spinal metastasis that can deliver a high dose of radiation to a tumor while minimizing the radiation delivered to healthy, neighboring tissues. This treatment is based on intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image guidance and rigid immobilization. Spinal radiosurgery is an increasingly utilized treatment method that improves local control and pain relief after delivering ablative doses of radiation. Here, we present a review highlighting the use of spinal radiosurgery for the treatment of metastatic tumors of the spine. The data used in the review were collected from both published studies and ongoing trials. We found that spinal radiosurgery is safe and provides excellent tumor control (up to 94% local control) and pain relief (up to 96%), independent of histology. Extensive data regarding clinical outcomes are available; however, this information has primarily been generated from retrospective and nonrandomized prospective series. Currently, two randomized trials are enrolling patients to study clinical applications of fractionation schedules spinal Radiosurgery. Additionally, a phase I clinical trial is being conducted to assess the safety of concurrent stereotactic body radiotherapy and ipilimumab for spinal metastases. Clinical trials to refine clinical indications and dose fractionation are ongoing. The concomitant use of targeted agents may produce better outcomes in the future.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in humans. Surgery is considered the best therapeutic approach for stage I non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC). However, a remarkable amount of patients are considered as inoperable. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has risen as an option for those patients, rendering excellent results in quality of life and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed clinical studies published between 2002 and 2015 which included SBRT as a treatment modality. Our own clinical series was analyzed as well. The patterns of failure following SBRT were investigated, together with the outcomes and the toxicity observed. RESULTS: SBRT has proven to maintain an excellent local control. The analysis showed the tumor size and the histology as determinant factors for the response to treatment. CONCLUSION: According to the published evidence as well as our own experience, SBRT is a safe and feasible approach for early NSCLC. Its results may be comparable with surgery treatment.