Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso en conducta suicida: una revisión sistemática / Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on suicidal behavior: a systematic review

El suicidio se ha convertido en un problema social y de salud pública a nivel mundial. En este sentido, la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) podría ser eficaz en su abordaje, existiendo evidencia sobre la relación entre algunos de sus componentes y la conducta suicida. Así, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia de ACT en conducta suicida. Para ello se siguió el protocolo PRISMA, empleando las siguientes bases de datos: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus y PsicoDoc. Inicialmente se obtuvieron 108 publicaciones potencialmente relevantes, de las cuales, finalmente, 13 fueron incluidas en la revisión. La calidad de los estudios se analizó a través de un instrumento de evaluación de riesgo de sesgos. Como resultados, a nivel general se observaron disminuciones estadísticamente significativas en ideación suicida (IS) y factores de riesgo de suicidio. Además, algunos estudios señalaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre un aumento de flexibilidad psicológica y la disminución de IS. Si bien los datos apuntaron a una posible eficacia de ACT en la reducción de IS, es necesario llevar a cabo mayor número de estudios experimentales que contemplen la complejidad de la conducta suicida y exploren los procesos de cambio implicados.(AU)

Suicide has emerged as a pressing global issue affecting both so-ciety and public health.In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could prove effective in its approach, supported by evi-dence of the relationship between certain components of ACT and suicidal behavior. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of ACT in suicidal behavior. For this, the PRISMA protocol was followed, using thefollowing databases: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and PsicoDoc. Initially, 108 potentially relevant publicationswereobtained,13ofwhichwerefinallyincludedinthereview.Weanalyzedstudy qualityus-ingariskofbiasassessmentinstrument.Asaresult,statisticallysignificantdecreases in suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors were observed. In addition, some studies indicated statistically significant relationships be-tween increased psychological flexibility and decreasedSI.WhilethedatasuggestedthepotentialeffectivenessofACTinreducingsuicidal ideation (SI), more experimental studies are needed to consider the complexity of suicidal behavior and explore the processes of changeinvolved.(AU)

Manejo cirúrgico de ferimento auto-infligido por arma de fogo em região maxilofacial / Surgical management of self-inflicted injury by gun in the maxillofacial region

INTRODUÇÃO: O manejo dos pacientes vítimas de PAF possui vertentes divergentes a respeito do tratamento cirúrgico, que pode ser realizado de forma imedata ou tardia. Em lesões auto-infligidas, a distância entre a arma e a região acometida é menor, causando consequências estéticas e funcionais mais devastadoras. Aliado ao fato desse tipo de trauma criar uma ferida suja devido à comunicação com a cavidade oral e seios paranasais, o manejo das lesões representam um desafio mesmo à cirurgiões experientes. OBJETIVO: Estre trabalho relata o manejo cirúrgico de uma ferida auto-infligida por arma de fogo que resultou em avulsão dos tecidos moles na região maxilofacial. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 35 anos, vítima de projétil de arma de fogo auto-infligido em região maxilofacial, cursando com extenso ferimento em região de língua e mento. Clinicamente, o paciente não apresentava sinais de fratura em ossos da face. Ambos os ferimentos apresentavam secreção purulenta e o paciente manifestava disfonia devido a grande destruição tecidual. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O tratamento de ferimentos por arma de fogo não só é um grande desafio para o cirurgião, como para toda a equipe multidisciplinar requerida para tais casos, visto que não há protocolos bem definidos para o tratamento dessas lesões(AU)

INTRODUCTION: The management of patients who are victims of FAP has divergent aspects regarding surgical treatment, which can be performed immediately or late. In self-inflicted injuries, the distance between the weapon and the affected region is smaller, causing more devastating aesthetic and functional consequences. Allied to the fact that this type of trauma creates a dirty wound due to the communication with the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses, the management of injuries represents a challenge even for experienced surgeons. OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the surgical management of a self-inflicted gunshot wound that resulted in soft tissue avulsion in the maxillofacial region. CASE DESCRIPTION: Male patient, 35 years old, victim of a self-inflicted firearm projectile in the maxillofacial region, coursing with extensive injury in the region of the tongue and chin. Clinically, the patient did not show signs of facial bone fractures. Both wounds had purulent secretion and the patient had dysphonia due to extensive tissue destruction. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The treatment of gunshot wounds is not only a great challenge for the surgeon, but also for the entire multidisciplinary team required for such cases, since there are no well-defined protocols for the treatment of these injuries(AU)

Abriendo puertas para la vida: Programa de prevención de conductas suicidas a través de docentes Gatekeepers / Opening doors to life: A suicidal behavior prevention program involving Gatekeeper teachers / Abrindo portas para a vida: Programa de prevenção ao comportamento suicida por meio de professores Gatekeepers

Introducción: El suicidio es la tercera causa de muerte de jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. Ante esto, los ambientes escolares pueden favorecer el fomento de la salud mental de los adolescentes, permitir la identificación temprana de factores de riesgo y aportar en la prevención de conductas suicidas. Una de las estrategias de prevención es el entrenamiento de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en prevención de conductas suicidas en un grupo de profesores de secundaria de una institución educativa de San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio preexperimental, con un grupo de intervención y medidas pre y pos-seguimiento. Participaron nueve docentes voluntarios durante dos jornadas de formación. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios positivos en conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los participantes entre pretest y postest, en la mayoría de las subdimensiones evaluadas; sin embargo, tres años después, estos cambios se mantuvieron tan solo en conocimientos sobre las conductas suicidas y en actitudes hacia la prevención. Conclusión: El programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" evidenció efectividad y pertinencia, sin embargo, el mantenimiento de sus efectos requiere de acciones de seguimiento y acompañamiento a los docentes formados.

Introduction: Suicide is the third cause of death in young people aged between 15 to 19 years. Thus, school environments can promote mental health of adolescents through early identification of risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviors. One prevention strategy is the training of "gatekeepers". Objective: To determine the impact of the "Opening Doors to Life" program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prevention of suicidal behavior in a set of high school teachers from an educational institution in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study with an intervention group and pre- and post-follow-up measurements. Nine volunteer teachers participated during two training sessions. Results: Positive changes regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the participants during pretest and posttest were observed for the majority of evaluated sub-dimensions. However, after three years, the positive measures prevailed only for knowledge about suicidal behavior and attitudes toward prevention. Conclusion: The "Opening Doors to Life" program showed effectiveness and relevance. However, maintaining its impact requires follow-up actions and support of trained teachers.

Introdução: O suicídio é a terceira causa de morte de jovens entre 15 e 19 anos. Diante disso, os ambientes escolares podem promover a promoção da saúde mental em adolescentes, permitir a identificação precoce de fatores de risco e contribuir para a prevenção do comportamento suicida. Uma das estratégias de prevenção é a formação de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas na prevenção do comportamento suicida em um grupo de professores do ensino médio de uma instituição educacional em San Juan de Pasto, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo pré-experimental, com grupo de intervenção e medidas pré e pós-acompanhamento. Nove professores voluntários participaram durante dois dias de treinamento. Resultados: Foram identificadas mudanças positivas nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos participantes entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste, na maioria das subdimensões avaliadas; porém, três anos depois, essas mudanças se mantiveram apenas no conhecimento sobre comportamentos suicidas e atitudes frente à prevenção. Conclusão: O programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" mostrou efetividade e relevância, porém, a manutenção de seus efeitos requer ações de acompanhamento e apoio a professores capacitados.

Association between suicidal behavior and symptoms of other mental health problems in Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a growing public health problem. Knowing its risk factors is key for reducing it. OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between two suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempt) and eight mental health problems (MHPs) in Mexican adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through an online survey of adolescent students from 20 states, the following information was screened: symptomatology of six MHPs (affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, inattention and hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems) and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). MHP and suicidal behavior frequencies and percentages were analyzed, and associations were sought using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Six-thousand seven hundred sixty-six adolescents completed the survey, out of whom 61.02% were females, with ages ranging between 11 and 19 years (16.38 ± 1.33); 10% reported suicidal behavior, and between 3 and 5%, MHPs. The predictors (χ2(8) = 387.13, p < 0.001) of suicidal behavior were affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems. CONCLUSION: Five mental health problems increased the risk of reporting suicidal behaviors.

ANTECEDENTES: Las conductas suicidas en adolescentes son un problema de salud pública que va en aumento. Conocer sus factores de riesgo es clave para reducirlas. OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación entre dos conductas suicidas (ideación e intento) y ocho problemas de salud mental (PSM) en adolescentes mexicanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Mediante una encuesta en línea a adolescentes escolarizados de 20 estados, se tamizó la siguiente información: sintomatología de seis PSM (problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas de inatención e hiperactividad, problemas oposicionistas desafianes y problemas de ansiedad) y conducta suicida (ideación e intentos de suicidio). Se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes y se indagó asociación mediante regresión logística binaria. RESULTADOS: Completaron la encuesta 6766 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (16.38 ± 1.33), 61.02 % del sexo femenino. El 10 % reportó conducta suicida y entre 3 y 5 %, PSM. Los factores predictivos (χ2(8) = 387.13, p < 0.001) de la conducta suicida fueron problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas oposicionistas desafiantes y problemas de ansiedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Cinco problemas de salud mental incrementaron el riesgo de reportar conductas suicidas.

Male sex and hazardous alcohol use following military sexual assault increase suicide risk among US service members and veterans.

Background: Higher alcohol use and military sexual assault (MSA) are associated with increased risk of death by suicide. Risk for death by suicide is rapidly increasing among females, who report higher rates of MSA, yet actual death by suicide and alcohol use are higher among males. It is not well understood whether higher alcohol use confers greater suicide risk in male or female service members and veterans who have experienced MSA.Objective: To determine whether the association between alcohol misuse and suicide risk was moderated by biological sex in a sample of male and female service members (N = 400, 50% female) who reported MSA.Method: Participants completed surveys of alcohol use and suicide risk as well as a demographic inventory. Linear regression with an interaction term was used to determine if suicide risk differed by sex and alcohol use severity after accounting for discharge status, sexual orientation, and age.Results: Average scores on the suicide risk measure were consistent with an inpatient psychiatric sample and scores on the AUDIT-C were indicative of a probable positive screen for alcohol misuse. Suicide risk was most pronounced among males who reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use. A sensitivity analysis examining suicide risk by sex and screening results for alcohol misuse (positive/negative) showed that men with a probable positive screen had higher suicide risk.Discussion: The current study provides novel findings on suicide risk among survivors of military sexual violence by including both male and female survivors. Interventions to decrease suicide risk following MSA may consider alcohol reduction strategies, and optimizing these interventions in males. Engaging military culture at both the US Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to encourage more healthy alcohol consumption may mitigate this public health concern. Future research may consider how country of origin relates to these associations.

Average scores for the suicide risk measure and alcohol use were high among a sample of male and female survivors of military sexual assault.Suicide risk was most pronounced among males who reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use.A sensitivity analysis examining suicide risk by sex and screening results for alcohol misuse (positive/negative) showed that men with a probable positive screen had higher suicide risk.

Critical appraisal of the Colombian clinical practice guide for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of suicidal ideation and/or behaviour (adoption).

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a complex, global public health problem. The Colombian clinical practice guideline provides relevant input for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The objective was to evaluate the methodological quality, credibility and applicability of the Colombian clinical practice guideline for suicidal behaviour. METHODS: An academic group of 12 evaluators was established to assess the guide and its recommendations in a standardised way, using the AGREE-II and AGREE-REX instruments. The evaluations were given in the range of 0.0-1.0 with 0.7 as a cut-off point for appropriate quality. RESULTS: The global assessment of the AGREE-II was greater than 0.7 in the dimensions: "scope and objective" (0.86), "clarity of presentation" (0.89), "applicability" (0.73) and "editorial independence" (0.89). The lowest scores were for "participation of those involved" (0.67) and "rigour in preparation" (0.69). With the AGREE-REX, the results in all dimensions were below 0.70, which indicates lower quality and suitability for use. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption process of the Colombian guideline for suicidal behaviour was a rigorous methodological process, while the practice recommendations were valued as of low applicability due to low support in local evidence. It is necessary to strengthen the generation and synthesis of evidence at the national level to give greater support and applicability to the practice recommendations.

Ideación suicida entre reclusos: análisis con perspectiva de género, durante cinco años de seguimiento (2017-2022) / Suicidal ideation among prisoners: analysis with a gender perspective in a five-year follow-up (2017-2022)

Introducción: En el entorno penitenciario, hay una elevada incidencia de conductas autolesivas, con una tasa de suicidio superior a la existente en la población general. Estudios previos describen la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y criminológicos, con el riesgo de suicidio en la población penitenciaria masculina, pero hay pocas investigaciones centradas en el análisis de la conducta suicida entre mujeres. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características de las internas que ingresan en una unidad psiquiátrica por presentar ideas de suicidio o haber realizado tentativas.Material y método: Análisis descriptivo y comparativo de 97 internos (68 hombres, 29 mujeres) ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica de la Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), por ideas de suicidio, entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se encuentran diferencias respecto al lugar de nacimiento, con mayor presencia de nacionalidades africanas en varones no nacionales, mientras que las internas extranjeras suelen ser originarias de países latinoamericanos. Los hombres tienen menor edad media, con ingresos más prolongados y una mayor tasa de reingreso. También padecen más trastornos psicóticos y adictivos. Las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia de trastornos de personalidad y cuadros afectivos. Conclusiones: Hay diferencias sociodemográficas y clínicas entre hombres y mujeres internos en prisión que requieren ingreso por ideación suicida. Incluir la perspectiva de género en los estudios sobre el riesgo suicida en la población penitenciaria puede proporcionar una base sólida para futuros estudios, permitiendo así una comprensión más completa de la ideación suicida y las necesidades de intervención en la población penitenciaria.(AU)

Introduction: There is a high incidence of self-harming behavior in the prison setting, with a suicide rate that is higher than that of the general population. Previous studies describe the association of sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological factors with the risk of suicide in the male prison population, but there is little research that specifically analyses suicidal behavior among women. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of inmates who are admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide. Material and method: Descriptive and comparative analysis of 97 inmates (68 men, 29 women) admitted to the Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), for suicidal ideation, between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Results: There are differences in terms of place of birth, with a more significant presence of African nationalities in non-national males, while foreign inmates tend to come from Latin American countries. Men have a lower mean age, longer admissions, and a higher readmission rate. They also suffer from more psychotic and addictive disorders. Women have a higher prevalence of personality disorders and affective symptoms. Conclusions: There are sociodemographic and clinical differences between male and female prison inmates who require admission for suicidal ideation. Including a gender perspective in studies on suicide risk in the prison population can provide a solid foundation for future studies, thus allowing a more complete understanding of suicidal ideation and intervention needs in theprison population.(AU)

Mortalidade por violência autoprovocada em mulheres em idade fértil no Rio Grande do Norte / Mortalidad por violencia autoprovocada en mujeres en edad fértil en Rio Grande do Norte / Mortality by self-inflicted injury in fertile women of Rio Grande to Norte state

Introdução:A violência autoprovocada é um importante problema de saúde pública. Esse agravo produz impactos no campo da saúde do indivíduo, da família eda coletividade com desdobramentos sociais e econômicos. Objetivo:Analisar a mortalidade por violência autoprovocada em mulheres em idade fértil no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre os anos de 2012 e 2021. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com abordagem quantitativa e utiliza-se como base o estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram coletados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio das Informações em Saúde,nas seções de estatísticas vitais e população residente com a seleção sexo feminino e faixa etária de 10 a 49 anos.Resultados:Entre os anos de 2012 a 2021, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte,foram registrados 213 óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil por lesões autoprovocadas. Considerando o início e o final desse período, é possível destacar que a faixa etária de maior ocorrência de suicídio foi de 30 a 39 anos em 2012 e de 40 a 49 anos em 2021. Observou-se, nos anos avaliados, que as mulheres eram em sua maioria solteiras, de raça parda/preta e que a própria residência da vítima foi o local predominante para o desfecho da lesão autoprovocada. No que se refere à escolaridade e à relação do óbito com período de gravidez ou puerpério é preciso ressaltar o alto índice de "Não informada" e "Ignorada" nos registros.A taxa média de mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas em mulheres em idade fértil entre 2012 e 2021 foi de 2,0 óbitos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Conclusões:Assim, conclui-se que o cenário da mortalidade por violência autoprovocada em mulheres em idade fértil no Rio Grande do Norte necessita de estratégias para prevenção do suicídio nessa faixa etária (AU).

Introduction: Self-inflicted injury is a major public health problem that impacts the health, social, and economic areas of individuals, their families, and society. Aim: To analyze mortality by self-inflicted injury in fertile women from the Rio Grande do Norte state between 2012 and 2021.Methodology: This ecologic and quantitative study collected vital statistics of women aged between 10 and 49 years. Data were obtained from the Health Information Systems of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department.Results: A total of 213 deaths of fertile women by self-inflicted injury were registered between 2012 and 2021. Considering the age groups, most deaths occurred between 30 and 39 years in 2012 and between 40 and 49 years in 2021. In addition, women were mostly single andwith brown or black skin color, and most of the self-inflicted injuries happened at their houses. Regarding education level and the relationship of death with pregnancy or postpartum, most registries presented a high incidence of "Not informed" or "Ignored" answers. Last, the mean mortality by self-inflicted injury in this population was 2.0 per 100,000 inhabitants between 2012 and 2021.Conclusions: Strategies must be implemented to reduce the mortality by self-inflicted injury of fertile women from the Rio Grande do Norte state (AU).

Introducción: La violencia autoinfligida es un importante problema de salud pública. Este problema tiene impactos en la salud del individuo, la familia y la comunidad con consecuencias sociales y económicas.Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad por violencia autoinfligida en mujeres en edad fértil en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre los años 2012 y 2021.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio ecológico con enfoque cuantitativo y utiliza como base el estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Los datos fueron recolectados del Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información del Sistema Único de Salud, a través de Información en Salud, en las secciones de estadísticas vitales y población residente con la selección del género femenino y rango de edad de 10 a 49 años. Resultados: Entre los años 2012 y 2021, en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, se registraron 213 muertes de mujeres en edad fértil por lesiones autoinfligidas. Considerando el inicio y final de este periodo, es posible resaltar que el grupo etario con mayor incidencia de suicidio fue el de 30 a 39 años en 2012 y el de 40 a 49 años en 2021. Se observó, en los años evaluados, que las mujeres eran en su mayoría solteras, de raza mestiza/negra y la propia residencia de la víctima era el lugar predominante para la autolesión. En lo que respecta a la educación y la relación entre muerte y embarazo o puerperio, es necesario resaltar el alto índice de "No informados" e "Ignorados" en los registros. La tasa media de mortalidad por autolesiones en mujeres en edad fértil entre 2012 y 2021 fue de 2,0 muertes por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Así, se concluye que el escenario de mortalidad por violencia autoinfligida en mujeres en edad fértil en Rio Grande do Norte requiere estrategias para prevenir el suicidio en este rango de edad (AU).

Prevalência e fatores de riscos relacionados a comportamentos suicidas em profissionais do sexo / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo relacionados con la conducta suicidal en trabajadores sexuales / Prevalence and risk factors related to suicidal behavior in sex workers

Introdução: O trabalho sexual consentido é, historicamente, permeado por estigmas, proporcionando a marginalização social de profissionais do sexo e sua maior exposição a fatores de riscos que tendenciam a condutas suicidas. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e dos fatores de riscos relacionados a comportamentos suicidas em profissionais do sexo, tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade social desse grupo. Metodologia: Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa de literatura, determinada a partir da seguinte questão de pesquisa: "Qual a prevalência e os fatores de riscos relacionados a comportamentos suicidas entre profissionais do sexo?". Em seguida, aplicou os subsequentes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: "Suicide" e "Sex workers", que foram combinados com o operador booleano "AND", nas plataformas National Library of Medicine, Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe, Scientific Eletronic Library Online, BioMed Central, Business Source Completee WorldWideScience. Foram selecionados 19 artigos relacionados ao objeto de estudo. Resultados: A prevalência de suicídio em profissionais do sexo foi classificada em três subcategorias: tentativas de suicídio, com predominância de 31,57% (n=6), ideação suicida com 15,78% (n=3) e o risco de suicídio com 5,26% (n=1). Os riscos de comportamentos suicidas foram associados a diversos fatores, sobretudo a violência (47,36%; n=9), depressão (26,31%; n=5) e a pobreza (15,78%; n=3). Conclusões: Há uma alta prevalência de comportamentos suicidas em profissionais do sexo que está associada a diversos fatores de riscos, verificando a carência de abordagens comunitárias direcionadas à vulnerabilidade social desse grupo (AU).

Introduction: Consensual sex work has historically been permeated by stigma, leading to the social marginalization of sex workers and their increased exposure to risk factors that tend to correlate with suicidal behaviors. Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors related to suicidal behavior in sex workers, considering the social vulnerability of this group. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review, guided by the research question: "What is the prevalence and risk factors related to suicidal behaviors among sex workers?" The following Health Science Descriptors were applied: "Suicide" and "Sex workers," combined with the boolean operator "AND," on platforms such as the National Library of Medicine, Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe, Scientific Eletronic Library Online, BioMed Central, Business Source Complete, and WorldWideScience. Nineteen articles related to the study's objectivewere selected. Results:The prevalence of suicide among sex workers were classified into three subcategories: suicide attempts, with a predominance of 31.57% (n=6), suicidal ideation with 15.78% (n=3) and the risk of suicide with a prevalence of 5.26% (n=1). The risks of suicidal behavior were associated with several factors, especially violence (47,36%; n=9), depression (26.31%; n=5) and poverty (15.78% /n=3). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of suicidal behaviors among sex workers, associated with various risk factors, highlighting the need for community-based approaches addressing the social vulnerability of this group (AU).

Introducción: El trabajo sexual consensuado ha estado históricamente impregnado de estigmas, llevando a la marginación social de los profesionales del sexo y a una mayor exposición a factores de riesgo que tienden a asociarse con conductas suicidas. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo relacionados con comportamientos suicidas en profesionales del sexo, considerando la vulnerabilidad social de este grupo. Metodología: Este estudio es una revisión integradora de la literatura, derivada de la siguiente pregunta de investigación: "¿Cuál es laprevalencia y los factores de riesgo relacionados con comportamientos suicidas entre los profesionales del sexo?". Posteriormente, se aplicaron los siguientes Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud: "Suicide" y "Sex workers", combinados con el operador booleano "AND", en plataformas como la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe, Scientific Electronic Library Online, BioMed Central, Business Source Complete y WorldWideScience. Se seleccionaron 19 artículos relacionados con el objeto de estudio. Resultados: La prevalencia de suicidio en profesionales del sexo se clasificó en tres subcategorías: intentos de suicidio, con una predominancia del 31,57% (n=6), ideación suicida con el 15,78% (n=3) y el riesgo de suicidio con el 5,26% (n=1). Los riesgos de comportamientos suicidas se asociaron con varios factores, especialmente la violencia (47,36%; n=9), la depresión (26,31%; n=5) y la pobreza (15,78%; n=3). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de comportamientos suicidas en profesionales del sexo asociada con diversos factores de riesgo, destacando la necesidad de enfoques comunitarios dirigidos a la vulnerabilidad social de este grupo (AU).

El papel de la impulsividad en la orientación al suicidio de universitarios con antecedentes de conducta autolesiva / The role of impulsivity in suicidal orientation of university students with a history of self-injurious behavior

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el efecto de la depresión, la desesperanza y la impulsividad sobre la orientación al suicidio y el papel de la impulsividad como mediador de la orientación suicida en universitarios con antecedentes de conductas autolesivas. Participaron 1.645 jóvenes entre los 18 y 29 años, de dos ciudades colombianas. Se seleccionaron 218 jóvenes (M= 21,00; DT= 2,99) que informaron de al menos un intento de suicidio en el último año, quienes contestaron el “Inventario de orientación suicida”, la “Escala de desesperanza de Beck”, el “Inventario de depresión de Beck” y la “Escala de impulsividad de Barratt”. La depresión, la desesperanza y la impulsividad explicaron el 63% de la variación de la orientación al suicidio (R2= 0,635; IC 95% [0,555; 0,713]; p= 0,001). La impulsividad medió con depresión en aquellos casos en los que la orientación suicida era alta, cuyos efectos totales, directos e indirectos, fueron estadísticamente significativos (p< 0,001). La impulsividad desempeña un papel mediador entre la depresión y la desesperanza en la predicción de la orientación suicida.(AU)

The aim of this research was to describe the effect of depression,hopelessness, and impulsivity on orientation to suicide and the role of impulsivityas a mediator of suicidal orientation in university students with a history of self-injury behaviors. 1645 young people between 18 and 29 years old participated,from two Colombian cities. 218 young people were selected (M= 21.00; SD= 2.99)who reported at least one suicide attempt in the last year, who answered the“Suicidal Orientation Inventory”, the “Beck Hopelessness Scale”, the “BeckDepression Inventory” and the “Barratt Impulsivity Scale”. Depression,hopelessness, and impulsivity explained 63% of the variation in suicidal orientation (R 2 = .635, IC 95% [.555, .713], p= .001). Impulsivity mediated with depression inthose cases in which suicidal orientation was high, whose total, direct and indirecteffects were statistically significant (p< .001). Impulsivity plays a mediating rolebetween depression and hopelessness in predicting suicidal orientation.K EY WORDS : depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, suicidality, college youth.(AU)

IDEATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE SOUTH OF MATO GROSSO / Ideação suicida e fatores associados entre universitários do sul de Mato Grosso

Suicidal ideation among university students is increasing and concerning, making it necessary to understand the factors associated with this phenomenon. In the present study, three hundred and thirty-three (n=333) students, regularly enrolled and over 18 years old, were evaluated, randomly selected from the total population of 5,148 university students enrolled in 2021 at a public university in the southern state of Mato Grosso. An observational cross-sectional approach with descriptive and analytical components was used, employing a structured questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic, economic, student status, and health aspects. Data analysis involved descriptive measures, chi-square test, and multiple Poisson model. In the studied population, suicidal ideation was higher among females (70.6%) and those who did not have a religion (77.5%). There was an association between suicidal ideation and factors such as non-heterosexuality (82.9%), not entering the desired course (79.6%), unsatisfactory relationship with academic peers (83.8%), and previous diagnosis of psychiatric illness (82.4%). The findings highlight the impact of the university environment on the mental health of students, which in turn affects social relationships and the future outlook of this population. This context emphasizes the need for broader discussions on the topic associated with effective actions during academic training aimed at suicide prevention and promotion of mental health.

A ideação suicida entre universitários é crescente e preocupante, fazendo-se necessário compreender os fatores associados a esse fenômeno. No presente estudo, foram avaliados trezentos e trinta e três (n=333) estudantes, regularmente matriculados e maiores de 18 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente entre a população total de 5.148 universitários matriculados em 2021 numa universidade pública do sul do estado de Mato Grosso. Foi utilizada abordagem observacional de corte transversal com componentes de análise descritivo e analítico, empregando questionário estruturado contendo informações sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, econômicos, situação estudantil e saúde. A análise dos dados envolveu medidas descritivas, teste de qui-quadrado e modelo de Poisson múltiplo. Na população estudada, observou-se que a ideação suicida foi maior no sexo feminino (70,6%) e naqueles que não possuíam religião (77,5%). Houve associação entre ideação suicida e fatores como não heterossexualidade (82,9%), não ingresso no curso desejado (79,6%), relacionamento insatisfatório com acadêmicos do curso (83,8%) e diagnóstico prévio de doença psiquiátrica (82,4%). Os achados evidenciam o impacto do ambiente universitário sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes que, por sua vez, afeta as relações sociais e a perspectiva de futuro dessa população. Esse contexto desperta a necessidade de discussões mais amplas quanto ao tema associadas a ações efetivas durante a formação acadêmica visando a prevenção do suicídio e a promoção da saúde mental.

Suicidio consumado en Gran Canaria en el periodo 2017-2022 y su relación con antecedentes de trastorno mental / Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017-2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder

Introducción el suicidio sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Debido a la relación entre la conducta suicida y el trastorno mental, nuestro objetivo es determinar el número de personas que recibían atención por la Red de Salud Mental entre el total de suicidios consumados entre 2017 y 2022 en Gran Canaria, así como las características de dicha población y de la atención recibida. Material y métodos estudio longitudinal observacional retrospectivo en el que la población de estudio fue extraída del total de suicidios de la base de datos del Instituto de Medicina Legal de Gran Canaria. Posteriormente, los datos fueron cotejados por las bases de datos de la Red de Salud Mental. Por último, se realizó un análisis estadístico univariante y los resultados fueron comparados en función del sexo y la atención en la Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria. Resultados solo un 39,4% había recibido atención por parte de la unidad de salud mental, siendo la mayoría mujeres (55,3% vs. 34,6%), con una media de edad de 50,9 años para ambos sexos. Los antecedentes de intentos previos fueron mucho más frecuentes en la población que recibía atención (45,4% vs. 7%), así como la atención en urgencias (42% vs. 5,7%) y los ingresos hospitalarios (25,3% vs. 0,7%). Conclusión menos de la mitad de las personas fallecidas tuvieron contacto con una unidad de salud mental comunitaria. Además, la atención por esta es mayor entre aquellas personas con intentos previos y entre el sexo femenino, siendo el diagnóstico más frecuente el de los trastornos afectivos monopolares. (AU)

Introduction Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the relationship between suicidal behavior and mental disorder, our aim is to determine the number of people who received care by the Mental Health Network among the total number of suicides consummated between 2017 and 2022 in Gran Canaria, as well as the characteristics of that population and the care received. Material and methods Longitudinal observational retrospective study in which the study population was extracted from the total number of suicides in the database of the Legal Medicine Institute. Subsequently, the data were cross-checked by the Mental Health Network databases. Finally, a univariate statistical analysis was carried out and the results were compared according to sex and care in the Community Mental Health Unit. Results Only 39.4% had received care at the Mental Health Unit, the majority being women (55.3% vs. 34.6%), with a mean age of 50.9 years for both sexes. History of previous attempts was much more frequent in the population receiving care (45.4% vs. 7%), as well as emergency care (42% vs. 5.7%) and hospital admissions (25.3% vs. 0.7%). Conclusion Less than half of the deceased persons had contact with a Community Mental Health Unit. In addition, care by this unit was higher among those with previous attempts and among the female sex, with the most frequent diagnosis being monopolar affective disorders. (AU)

Eutanasia y suicidio asistido en enfermedades neurológicas: una revisión sistemática / Euthanasia and assisted suicide in neurological diseases: a systematic review

Objetivo Identificar las enfermedades neurológicas por las que con mayor frecuencia se solicita la eutanasia y el suicidio asistido en los países donde están legalizados, las particularidades de la eutanasia en algunas de ellas y mostrar la evolución de sus cifras. Métodos Revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Resultados Las demencias, enfermedad de motoneurona, esclerosis múltiple y enfermedad de Parkinson son las enfermedades neurológicas que más frecuentemente motivan la petición de eutanasia o suicidio asistido. Las solicitudes por demencia son las más numerosas, están creciendo y plantean problemas éticos y legales adicionales al disminuir la capacidad de decisión. En algunos países la proporción de solicitudes respecto al total de casos de esclerosis múltiple, enfermedad de motoneurona o enfermedad de Huntington es mayor que en cualquier otra enfermedad. Conclusiones Después del cáncer las enfermedades neurológicas son el motivo más frecuente de pedir la eutanasia y el suicidio asistido. (AU)

Objective To identify the neurological diseases for which euthanasia and assisted suicide are most frequently requested in the countries where these medical procedures are legal and the specific characteristics of euthanasia in some of these diseases, and to show the evolution of euthanasia figures. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review. Results Dementia, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease are the neurological diseases that most frequently motivate requests for euthanasia or assisted suicide. Claims related to dementia constitute the largest group, are growing, and raise additional ethical and legal issues due to these patients’ diminished decision-making capacity. In some countries, the ratios of euthanasia requests to all cases of multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, or Huntington disease are higher than for any other disease. Conclusions After cancer, neurological diseases are the most frequent reason for requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide. (AU)

Biomarcadores sanguíneos, de orina y conductas autolesivas e intentos de suicidio repetidos en los adolescentes / Blood and urine biomarkers and repeated self-injurious behaviors and suicide attempts in adolescents

Hay evidencia parcial de que los niveles elevados de la β-endorfina sanguínea se asocian a la adicción suicida en los adultos, pero apenas hay datos sobre los adolescentes. La β-endorfina sanguínea, con un importante papel en los mecanismos de gestión de las adicciones, puede inducir euforia y felicidad, recompensar y reforzar el comportamiento suicida. Para probar si los grandes repetidores de intentos de suicidio (5 o más intentos de suicidio) y de conductas autolesivas (20 o más episodios de autolesiones) tienen unos niveles de biomarcadores más elevados, se selecciona una muestra de 43 pacientes de entre 12 y 17 años que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias Psiquiátricas en el Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda. Diez presentan 5 o más intentos de suicidio, 35 presentan 20 o más episodios autolesivos y 10 presentan ambas características, y la mayoría de los adolescentes cumplían criterios de adicción para autolesiones y suicidio. Los resultados sugieren que todos los pacientes que presentaban adicción al suicidio también presentaban adicción a la autolesión. Los niveles de ACTH, cortisol y β-endorfina sanguíneos y de cortisol en orina fueron muy elevados, pero no diferenciaban a los grandes repetidores del resto de adolescentes. (AU)

There is partial evidence that elevated levels of blood β-endorphin are associated with suicidal addiction in adults, but hardly any data on adolescents. Blood β-endorphin, with an important role in addiction management mechanisms, can induce euphoria and happiness, reward and reinforce suicidal behavior. To test whether high repeaters of suicide attempts (5 or more suicide attempts) and self-injurious behaviors (20 or more episodes of self-injury) have higher biomarker levels, a sample of 43 patients aged 12-17 years attending the Psychiatric Emergency Department at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda is recruited. Ten present 5 or more suicide attempts, 35 present 20 or more self-injurious episodes and 10 present both characteristics, and most of the adolescents meet addiction criteria for self-injury and suicide. The results suggest that all patients with addiction to suicide also had addiction to self-injury. Blood ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin and urine cortisol levels were very elevated, but did not differentiate heavy repeaters from the rest of the adolescents. (AU)

Programa de prevención del riesgo de suicidio «RENACE» / [“RENACE” suicide risk prevention program]

A pesar de que en España el suicidio supone la primera causa de muerte externa, no existe a nivel nacional un plan de prevención o intervención protocolizado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo final el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de un nuevo programa de prevención del riesgo de suicidio en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, llamado «RENACE». Para ello, se describe el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los pacientes con ideación y con conducta suicida. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: la mayoría de pacientes fueron mujeres (59%) y el grupo etario más prevalente fue el de 31 a 65 años. Entre la población infantojuvenil, predominó el rango de edad de 14 a 17 años. En cuanto al perfil clínico, el diagnóstico principal fue trastornos relacionados con traumas y factores de estrés, seguido de trastornos depresivos. (AU)

Despite the fact that suicide is the leading cause of external death in Spain, there is no protocolized prevention or intervention plan at national level. The final aim of this study is the design, implementation and evaluation of a new suicide risk prevention program at the Albacete University Hospital Complex, called "RENACE". For this purpose, the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with suicidal ideation and behavior was described. The following results were obtained: the majority of patients were women (59%) and the most prevalent age group was 31 to 65 years old. Among the juvenile population, the predominant age range was 14 to 17 years. Regarding the clinical profile, the main diagnosis was trauma-related disorders and stress factors, followed by depressive disorders. (AU)

Prevalencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica entre los suicidios consumados en la provincia de Badajoz en el periodo 2015-2017 / Prevalence of psychiatric pathology among completed suicides in the province of Badajoz in the period 2015-2017

Se realiza un estudio en 157 sujetos que durante el periodo establecido entre el 1 de julio de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017 cometieron un suicidio consumado en la provincia de Badajoz, para investigar qué porcentaje de los suicidios consumados tenían antecedentes de enfermedad mental. Los resultados indican que existe una menor relación de la esperable entre el acto suicida y la presencia de antecedentes personales psiquiátricos, ya que estos solo aparecen en dos quintas partes de la muestra. Si existen estos, el diagnóstico más frecuente es el de trastorno depresivo y el tratamiento con mayor frecuencia, antidepresivos. Estos datos contrastan con otros recogidos en la literatura que hablan de porcentajes mucho más altos de enfermedad psiquiátrica en sujetos que cometen suicidio. (AU)

A study is carried out in 157 subjects who during the period established between July 01, 2015 and December 31, 2017 committed a consummated suicide in the province of Badajoz to investigate what percentage of consummated suicides had a history of mental pathology. The results indicate that there is a lower-than-expected relationship between the suicidal act and the presence of a personal psychiatric history, as these only appear in two-fifths of the sample. If they do exist, the most frequent diagnosis is depressive disorder and the most frequent treatment is antidepressants. These data contrast with other data collected in the literature that report much higher percentages of psychiatric pathology in subjects who commit suicide. (AU)

Relación entre la capacidad adquirida y el riesgo suicida / Relationship between acquired capacity and suicidal risk

La Teoría interpersonal del suicidio señala que la capacidad adquirida hace referencia a que la exposición repetida al dolor conlleva una habituación a estas experiencias, esto es lo que conlleva que el individuo, si cuenta también con la ideación suicida, pueda llevar a cabo el suicidio consumado. Por eso, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias en la capacidad adquirida sobre la base de la existencia o no de riesgo suicida. Los resultados avalan los encontrados en otras investigaciones, observándose que, entre las personas con riesgo suicida y sin riesgo, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los que están en riesgo los que obtienen las medias más elevadas. Por lo tanto, la variable capacidad adquirida se muestra como una variable altamente relacionada con el riesgo suicida. (AU)

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that acquired capability refers to the fact that repeated exposure to pain leads to habituation to these experiences, which is what leads the individual, if he or she also has suicidal ideation, to commit suicide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the acquired capability on the basis of the existence or not of suicidal risk. The results support those found in other studies, showing that there are statistically significant differences between those at risk and those not at risk, with those at risk having the highest mean scores. Therefore, the acquired capability variable is shown to be a variable highly related to suicidal risk. (AU)

Detección de violencia machista entre las mujeres atendidas por tentativa autolítica en un servicio de urgencias / Detection of interpersonal partner violence among women treated for attempted suicide in an emergency department

Introducción: Existe evidencia sobre una asociación directa entre la Violencia Machista/Violencia de Género (VdG) y el suicidio, e incluso se señala que la VdG es el principal factor precipitante para que una mujer realice una tentativa suicida. Además, se ha demostrado que las mujeres con enfermedades mentales crónicas sufren especialmente más violencia que la población en general. Sin embargo, existen relativamente pocos datos sobre la capacidad de detección de VdG de los servicios de urgencias. En Catalunya, el Programa Código Riesgo de Suicidio (CRS) atendió a 12.596 persones con episodios de conducta suicida y ha demostrado su eficacia en nuestro hospital. Objetivo principal: Cuantificar el grado de detección de la VdG de nuestros registros sanitarios en mujeres visitadas en el servicio urgencias de nuestro hospital por ideación y/o tentativa suicida y que han sido incluidas en el Programa CRS. Hipótesis principal: La detección actual de VdG en las mujeres es <10%. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo basado en registros electrónicos sanitarios. Se identificaron todas las mujeres que habían estado en seguimiento telefónico en los últimos 12 meses por haber acudido al servicio de urgencias de nuestro Hospital por ideación y/o intento suicida. El período de análisis incluyó del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se realizó una revisión completa de todos los informes de alta de estas mujeres visitadas en urgencias y de los registros clínicos de todos los profesionales (médicos, psiquiatrías, enfermeras...) disponibles en la historia clínica informatizada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo simple de los datos. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, se detectaron cuatro casos de violencia machista/VdG (1,92%) y dos casos de violencia familiar entre las 208 mujeres que se visitaron por ideación y/o intento autolítico...(AU)

Introduction: There is evidence of a direct association between interpersonal partner/sexist/gender violence (IPV) and suicide, and it is even pointed out that IPV is the main precipitating factor for a woman to make a suicide attempt. In addition, it has been shown that women with chronic mental illness suffer especially more violence than the general population. However, there is relatively little data on the IPV detection capacity of emergency departments. In Catalonia, the Suicide Risk Code Program (CRS) treated 12,596 people with episodes of suicidal behaviour and has demonstrated its effectiveness in our hospital. Main objective: To quantify the degree of detection of IPV in our health records in women visited in the emergency department of our hospital for suicidal ideation and/or attempt and who have been included in the CRS Program.Main hypothesis: Current detection of IPV in women is <10%. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study based on electronic health records. All the women who had been in telephone follow-up in the last 12 months for having gone to the emergency department of our hospital for suicidal ideation and/or attempt were identified. The analysis period included from January 1 to December 31, 2020. A complete review of all the discharge reports of the women visited in the emergency room and of all the clinical records of all the professionals (doctors, psychiatrists, nurses...) available in the computerized medical record was carried out. A simple descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: During the study period, four cases of IPV (1.92%) and two cases of family violence were detected among the 208 women who were visited for suicidal ideation and/or attempt. All the women who were detected with IPV were recommended to visit the Women’s Care Center, but it is unknown if they were actually referred to other professionals or if they actually attended...(AU)

[The euthanasia law and professional experiences: tensions in clinical practice]. / La ley de eutanasia y experiencias profesionales: tensiones en la práctica clínica.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of assisted death provision in Catalonia and identify the main tensions, difficulties, and/or sources of discomfort related to professional practice. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews (n=29) and focus groups (n=19) with professionals who participated in the euthanasia process. The selection of participants combined the snowball and maximization of variability procedures, taking into account the variables of professional profile, setting, gender, age and territoriality. Intentional and theoretical sampling process. RESULTS: The assisted death process is divided into four main moments: 1) reception of the request, 2) medical-bureaucratic procedure, 3) the actual procedure, and 4) closure. At each of these moments, difficulties arise that can be a source of discomfort and have to do with the limits and tensions between the legal and moral, the conception of one's own professional role, the lack of recognition of some professional roles, stress and overload, the lack of formal and informal support, and the relationship with the patient and his/her family. The bureaucratic-administrative stress derived from a protective law, with both prior and subsequent verifying control, stands out, given that it stresses the professionals immersed in a healthcare system already under high pressure after budget cuts and the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the assisted death process, the sources of distress are diverse and of a psychological, psychosocial, and structural nature. These results may lead to interventions for psychological and peer support, information, training, institutional involvement, and burden reduction.