¿Cuánto tiempo debe permanecer un stent traqueal implantado? Curación de la estenosis luego de 10, 16 y 22 años de implante / How Long Should a Tracheal Stent Remain Implanted? Healing of Stenosis 10, 16, and 22 Years After Implantation

Tres stents traqueales fueron removidos luego de 10, 16 y 22 años, a lo que le siguió la correspondiente curación de la estenosis traqueal. Se reportan dos nuevos casos de estenosis traqueal benigna, tratados con prótesis de silicona, que se presentaron a control luego de muy largas ausencias: 16 años en uno y 22 en otro. Se suman a un caso anteriormente publicado y curado luego de 10 años de permanencia del stent, que también presentó una amplia y estable luz traqueal luego la remoción. Se describen los hallazgos endoscópicos, y se incluyen reflexiones sobre la curación de la estenosis observada en todos ellos y su probable relación con el largo tiempo de permanencia de las prótesis. Se investigan las propiedades físicas de los stents, luego de tan prolongado lapso de implante y se las compara con un dispositivo nuevo. Se emite una propuesta que podría conducir a la curación de las estenosis traqueales con tratamiento endoscópico y stent por tiempo prolongado.

Three tracheal stents were removed after 10, 16, and 22 years, followed by healing of tracheal stenosis. Two new cases of benign tracheal stenosis are reported, treated with silicone pros theses, which presented for follow-up after very long absences: 16 years in one case and 22 years in the other. They add to a previously published case that was healed 10 years after the stent was implanted, which also had a wide and stable tracheal lumen after removal. The endoscopic findings are described, and reflections are included on the healing of the observed stenosis in all cases and its probable relationship with the prolonged indwelling of the prostheses. The physical properties of the stents are inves tigated after such a long period since implantation, and they are compared with a new device. A proposal is put forward that could lead to the healing of tracheal stenosis with endoscopic treatment and prolonged indwelling of the stent.

Polydimethylsiloxane/nano calcium phosphate composite tracheal stents: Mechanical and physiological properties.

In this study, we report the production and characterization of tracheal stents composed of polydimethylsiloxane/nanostructured calcium phosphate composites obtained by reactive synthesis. Tracheal stents were produced by transfer molding, and in vivo tests were carried out. PDMS was combined with H3 PO4 and Ca(OH)2 via an in situ reaction to obtain nanoparticles of calcium phosphate dispersed within the polymeric matrix. The incorporation of bioactive inorganic substances, such as calcium phosphates, improved biological properties, and the in situ reaction allowed tight coupling of particles to the matrix. Results showed the presence of the nanoparticles of DCPA and CDHA. The porosity generated during mixing decreased the tensile strength and tear properties. Composites presented higher values of cell viability compared with those for PDMS. In vivo tests indicated the presence of inflammatory tissue 30 days after implantation in both cases. Thus, the present biomaterial shows potential for application in tracheal disease, however further evaluation is needed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 545-553, 2019.

Anesthetic management of a large mediastinal mass for tracheal stent placement / Manejo anestésico de grande massa mediastinal para a colocação de stent traqueal

ABSTRACT The anesthetic management of patients with large mediastinal masses can be complicated due to the pressure effects of the mass on the airway or major vessels. We present the successful anesthetic management of a 64-year-old female with a large mediastinal mass that encroached on the great vessels and compressed the trachea. A tracheal stent was placed to relieve the tracheal compression under general anesthesia. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained during the perioperative period with the use of a classic laryngeal mask airway. We discuss the utility of laryngeal mask airway for anesthetic management of tracheal stenting in patients with mediastinal masses.

RESUMO O manejo anestésico de pacientes com grandes massas situadas no mediastino pode ser complicado por causa dos efeitos da pressão da massa sobre as vias aéreas ou grandes vasos. Relatamos o manejo anestésico bem-sucedido de uma paciente de 64 anos com uma grande massa mediastinal que invadiu os grandes vasos e comprimiu a traqueia. Um stent traqueal foi colocado para aliviar a compressão da traqueia, sob anestesia geral. A ventilação espontânea foi mantida durante o período perioperatório com o uso de uma máscara laríngea clássica. Discutimos a utilidade da máscara laríngea para o manejo da colocação de stent traqueal em pacientes com massas situadas no mediastino.

Anesthetic management of a large mediastinal mass for tracheal stent placement.

The anesthetic management of patients with large mediastinal masses can be complicated due to the pressure effects of the mass on the airway or major vessels. We present the successful anesthetic management of a 64-year-old female with a large mediastinal mass that encroached on the great vessels and compressed the trachea. A tracheal stent was placed to relieve the tracheal compression under general anesthesia. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained during the perioperative period with the use of a classic laryngeal mask airway. We discuss the utility of laryngeal mask airway for anesthetic management of tracheal stenting in patients with mediastinal masses.

Carcinoma broncogénico e insuficiencia respiratoria; electrofulguración del tumor, traqueobroncoplastia e implante de prótesis de urgencia / Bronchogenic carcinoma and respiratory insufficiency; tumor electrofulguration, tracheobronchoplasty and urgent stent placement

El cáncer de pulmón, de los más frecuentes y de muy alta mortalidad, en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia presenta tasas por encima de 10 muertes por 100.000 habitantes.En fases iniciales la enfermedad no produce síntomas o son inespecíficos; cuando produce síntomas, usualmente está en una etapa avanzada. La disnea se presenta cuando la lesión tumoral compromete las vías respiratorias centrales y de acuerdo al grado de obstrucción, generalmente cuando es mayor a 50 porciento, que la hace grave. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que ingresa por cuadro clínico de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a obstrucción traqueobronquial crítica por compromiso intraluminal de tumor broncogénico, de tipo escamocelular mal diferenciado; se realizó broncoscopia rígida, electrofulguración del tumor, citoreducción (“debulking”) mecánica, traqueo-broncoplastia e implante de prótesis traqueo-carino-brónquica (stent en Y) con resolución del cuadro agudo de manera inmediata posterior al procedimiento; posteriormente recibió quimioterapia con cisplatino / gemcitabine y radioterapia.

Lung cancer, one of the most frequent and with very high mortality, in the stateof Risaralda, Colombia, has rates above 10 deaths per 100.000 people.In early stages, disease doesn't produce symptoms or are nonspecific; whenproduce symptoms, usually is in advance stage.Dyspnea appears when tumor compromise central airway and depends onsevere obstruction, generally more than 50%, which makes it serious.Lung cancer presents a case of patient with acute respiratory insufficiency due tocritical trachea obstruction by bronchogenic tumor intraluminal commitmenttype, poorly differentiated squamous; at this stage it has been made rigidbronchoscopy, tumor with electrofulguration, mechanic debunking, tracheabronchoplasty and It takes immediate acute illness resolution; later he receivedcisplatin / gemcitabin chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Reporte de caso: fístula traqueoesofágica e insuficiencia respiratoria tardía post stent metálico autoexpandible en esófago. Tratamiento con stent traqueal de Dumon

En los últimos años se ha presentado un gran avance tecnológico en el tratamiento endoscópico de pacientes con carcinoma inoperable, lo que permitió mejorar ostensiblemente la calidad de vida de muchos pacientes. Sin embargo, también se han observado nuevos síndromes clínicos relacionados con la utilización de estos recursos, por ejemplo, los stent esofágicos son una herramienta muy valiosa en el tratamiento paliativo de pacientes con carcinoma esofágico, pero infortunadamente no están exentos de complicaciones, sobre todo los nuevos dispositivos metálicos autoexpandibles. Las fuerzas radiales generadas por estos, frecuentemente producen compresión extrínseca traqueal e insuficiencia respiratoria. Presentamos un caso de insuficiencia respiratoria y hemoptisis secundarias a la colocación de un stent esofágico autoexpandible y el tratamiento de esta complicación con un stent de Dumon.(AU)

We have seen major technological advances in the endoscopic treatment of patients with inoperable cancer in the past years. This situation has allowed improve the quality of life of many patients, but we have also seen new clinical syndromes associated with the use of these resources. For example, esophagic stents are invaluable tools in the palliative treatment of patients with esophageal cancer, but unfortunately these are not free of complications, especially the new self-expandable metallic stents. Metallic stents produce enormous radial forces and these devices may develop extrinsic tracheal compression with progressive respiratory failure. We present a case of respiratory distress and hemoptysis secondary to the placement of a self-expanding esophageal stent and treatment of this complication with Dumon stent.(AU)

Reporte de caso: fístula traqueoesofágica e insuficiencia respiratoria tardía post stent metálico autoexpandible en esófago. Tratamiento con stent traqueal de Dumon / Case report: Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Respiratory Failure After the Placement of an Esophageal Metallic stent. Treatment Using a Dumon Stent

En los últimos años se ha presentado un gran avance tecnológico en el tratamiento endoscópico de pacientes con carcinoma inoperable, lo que permitió mejorar ostensiblemente la calidad de vida de muchos pacientes. Sin embargo, también se han observado nuevos síndromes clínicos relacionados con la utilización de estos recursos, por ejemplo, los stent esofágicos son una herramienta muy valiosa en el tratamiento paliativo de pacientes con carcinoma esofágico, pero infortunadamente no están exentos de complicaciones, sobre todo los nuevos dispositivos metálicos autoexpandibles. Las fuerzas radiales generadas por estos, frecuentemente producen compresión extrínseca traqueal e insuficiencia respiratoria. Presentamos un caso de insuficiencia respiratoria y hemoptisis secundarias a la colocación de un stent esofágico autoexpandible y el tratamiento de esta complicación con un stent de Dumon.

We have seen major technological advances in the endoscopic treatment of patients with inoperable cancer in the past years. This situation has allowed improve the quality of life of many patients, but we have also seen new clinical syndromes associated with the use of these resources. For example, esophagic stents are invaluable tools in the palliative treatment of patients with esophageal cancer, but unfortunately these are not free of complications, especially the new self-expandable metallic stents. Metallic stents produce enormous radial forces and these devices may develop extrinsic tracheal compression with progressive respiratory failure. We present a case of respiratory distress and hemoptysis secondary to the placement of a self-expanding esophageal stent and treatment of this complication with Dumon stent.