Qualitative aspects of the process of Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Mexico evaluated from the parental perspective. / Aspectos cualitativos del proceso del Programa de Tamiz Auditivo Neonatal en México evaluados desde la perspectiva parental.

INTRODUCTION: The Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Mexico began in 2010. Its results, published in 2013 by the National Council for the Development and Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (CONADIS), report low coverage and, currently, there is a dearth of information about its activities. This study describes the process of the program from the epistemological perspective of women whose children participated in the program, evaluating it under the sustenance of the constructivist-respondent model in search of aspects that could help explain its results. METHODS: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach based on the constructivist–respondent paradigm. We elected the 14 women who participated in the study through trial and number until theoretical saturation. After signing an informed consent form and respecting the confidentiality and anonymity, these women underwent semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed as were conducted. The researchers separately analyzed and coded categories and conjointly summarized categories and subcategories. Validity and reliability were obtained through the credibility, transferability and triangulation. RESULTS: From the speeches, we obtained the general profile of the interviewed, evolution of their children in the program process and four categories with 15 subcategories related to the reconstruction of the process: knowledge, needs, feelings and attitudes. One was evaluated as favorable, six without agreement and eight as unfavorable. The latter refer to our own context. CONCLUSIONS: The epistemological perspective of the interviewed women showed aspects that could help explain the low coverage of the program. Attention from public policies could improve this feature. With the establishment of the program, children with deafness are diagnosed and treated at a lower age than before the program.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Programa de Tamiz Auditivo Neonatal Universal se inició en México en 2010. Sus resultados, publicados en 2013 por el Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo y la Inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad, informan baja cobertura. Actualmente hay escasez de información sobre sus actividades. Este estudio describe el proceso del programa desde la perspectiva epistemológica de mujeres cuyos hijos participaron en el mismo, evaluándolo bajo el sustento del modelo constructivista-respondente en busca de aspectos que puedan ayudar a explicar sus resultados. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo mixto, con enfoque en el paradigma constructivista respondente. En él participaron 14 mujeres, elegidas por juicio y su número hasta la saturación teórica. A ellas, previa firma de consentimiento informado, respetando la confidencialidad y anonimato; se les aplicaron entrevistas semi estructuradas. Estas fueron audio grabadas y transcritas tal como se expresaron. Las investigadoras analizaron y codificaron categorías por separado; juntas resumieron categorías y subcategorías. La validez y confiabilidad se obtuvieron a través de la credibilidad, transferibilidad y triangulación. RESULTADOS: De los discursos se obtuvieron el perfil general de las entrevistadas, evolución de sus hijos en el proceso del programa y cuatro categorías con 15 subcategorías relacionadas con la reconstrucción del proceso: conocimientos, necesidades, sentimientos y actitudes. Estas categorías se evaluaron como favorable (una), sin acuerdo (seis) y desfavorables (ocho). Estas últimas, son propias de nuestro contexto. CONCLUSIONES: La perspectiva epistemológica de las entrevistadas, mostró aspectos que podrían ayudar a explicar la baja cobertura del programa. Retomarlo desde las políticas públicas puede mejorarlo. Con el establecimiento del programa, los niños con sordera son diagnosticados e intervenidos a menor edad que antes del programa.

Triagem auditiva neonatal universal: aspectos atuais

Introdução: Entre os distúrbios já rastreados ao nascimento, a perda auditiva (PA) é mais prevalente. Esforços têm sido feitos para identificação e tratamento precoces por meio de programas de triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN). A literatura sobre o tema demonstra a efetividade, taxas de exames falsos positivos e custos dos programas. O objetivodeste trabalho é apresentar os aspectos atuais da triagem auditivano país através da revisão de artigos sobre o tema. Conclusão: Os programas de triagem auditiva neonatal universal, mesmo com taxas de sucesso, apresentam algumas dificuldades a serem resolvidas.

Introduction: Hearing loss is more prevalent than other birth defects for which there is mandated screening. Many efforts have been made towards early identification and intervention by universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programs. The objective of this paper is to present current aspects of UNHS in Brazil by a review of articles about the subject. Conclusion: Reports from screening programs demonstratethe effectiveness, false-positive rates, and program costs. Despite the success rates of the UNHS, there are a few difficulties yet to be resolved.