[Dreaming madly or escaping reality through dreams?] / Rêver à la folie ou échapper au réel par le rêve ?

Dreams can be seen as a way of letting your mind wander while you're awake, an act of imagination that occurs during sleep, or a more or less chimerical imaginary representation of what you ardently hope for. In all three cases, it questions both our relationship with reality (what exists in itself) and with reality (what I perceive and understand of reality). From this point of view, dreams and madness are undeniably two experiences that radically question our access to reality.

Between Technological Utopia and Dystopia: Online Expression of Compulsory Use of Surveillance Technology.

This study investigated people's ethical concerns of surveillance technology. By adopting the spectrum of technological utopian and dystopian narratives, how people perceive a society constructed through the compulsory use of surveillance technology was explored. This study empirically examined the anonymous online expression of attitudes toward the society-wide, compulsory adoption of a contact tracing app that affected almost every aspect of all people's everyday lives at a societal level. By applying the structural topic modeling approach to analyze comments on four Hong Kong anonymous discussion forums, topics concerning the technological utopian, dystopian, and pragmatic views on the surveillance app were discovered. The findings showed that people with a technological utopian view on this app believed that the implementation of compulsory app use can facilitate social good and maintain social order. In contrast, individuals who had a technological dystopian view expressed privacy concerns and distrust of this surveillance technology. Techno-pragmatists took a balanced approach and evaluated its implementation practically.

Thinking through critical posthumanism: Nursing as political and affirmative becoming.

As a rejection and continuous reframing of theoretical humanism, critical posthumanism questions and imagines the human condition in the current context, aligning it with nonhuman and more than human entities, past and future. While this philosophical approach has been referenced in many academic disciplines since the 1990s, it has been gradually garnering interest among nursing scholars, leading to questions such as what it means to be human and what it means to be a nurse in the here and now. As a deeply ethical and political project, posthumanism, which we associate with poststructuralist concepts of power and resistance, questions the formation of posthuman subjects who more accurately reflect complex times, characterized by capitalistic commodification of life-human and nonhuman. In this article, we aim to explore how the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of critical posthumanism, specifically through Rosi Braidotti's works, can be useful to understand a posthuman subjectivity that favors affirmative actions aimed at actualizing our world in becoming. Through examples in nursing practice, education, and research, we will explore not only how critical posthumanism allows us to frame transformations in the current situation that we are embedded in as nurses and more generally as beings but also how these examples allow us to move beyond critique to the actualization of affirmative actions that correspond to the creation of new worlds.

Otto Neurath's Scientific Utopianism Revisited-A Refined Model for Utopias in Thought Experiments.

Otto Neurath's empiricist methodology of economics and his contributions to political economy have gained increasing attention in recent years. We connect this research with contemporary debates regarding the epistemological status of thought experiments by reconstructing Neurath's utopias as linchpins of thought experiments. In our three reconstructed examples of different uses of utopias/dystopias in thought experiments we employ a reformulation of Häggqvist's model for thought experiments and we argue that: (1) Our reformulation of Häggqvist's model more adequately complies with many uses of thought experiments, especially with the open-ended discussions of utopias and dystopias in thought experiments. (2) As a strict logical empiricist, Neurath is committed to a strictly empiricist account of thought experiments. John Norton's empiricist argument view can indeed account for the justifications of empirical beliefs and genuine discoveries targeted by scientific utopianism in three distinct (yet connected) ways, all of which Neurath already contemplated: (2.I) Dealing with utopias and thought experiments on a regular basis increases creativity and inventiveness. (2.II) Particular ways of presenting knowledge facilitate scientific discovery and social progress. (2.III) The use of utopias in thought experiments can prompt conceptual change and allow access to new phenomena. We conclude by highlighting that, even though thought experiments support a positive attitude for exploring new social possibilities, Neurath points out that active decisions are unavoidable. The exploration of alternatives and the awareness of a need for decisions in policy discussion avert a technocratic outlook in social science.

In situ analysis of surface composition and meteorology at the Zhurong landing site on Mars.

The Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission landed in southern Utopia Planitia, providing a unique window into the evolutionary history of the Martian lowlands. During its first 110 sols, Zhurong investigated and categorized surface targets into igneous rocks, lithified duricrusts, cemented duricrusts, soils and sands. The lithified duricrusts, analysed by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy onboard Zhurong, show elevated water contents and distinct compositions from those of igneous rocks. The cemented duricrusts are likely formed via water vapor-frost cycling at the atmosphere-soil interface, as supported by the local meteorological conditions. Soils and sands contain elevated magnesium and water, attributed to both hydrated magnesium salts and adsorbed water. The compositional and meteorological evidence indicates potential Amazonian brine activities and present-day water vapor cycling at the soil-atmosphere interface. Searching for further clues to water-related activities and determining the water source by Zhurong are critical to constrain the volatile evolution history at the landing site.

There's no such thing as 'the economy', stupid: using Utopia to imagine society 'after money'.

This paper uses qualitative sociological modelling to assess the transformative potential of Modern Monetary Theory as set out in recent work by Stephanie Kelton and Mariana Mazzucato. The starting point is Ruth Levitas's (2013) Utopia as Method. This defines and develops Utopia as an exploratory, speculative sociological method characterised by a holistic and ecologically embedded approach. This is then used to explore the potential of MMT for envisioning social transformation. The paper argues that the neglect of unpaid work and a commitment to economic growth undermines the radical potential of MMT, as does the abstraction of 'the economy' from a wider understanding of social structures and processes. It suggests also that the project to use MMT to reform capitalism is fundamentally flawed since there is a conflict between the compound growth on which capitalism depends and the environmental imperatives that both Kelton and Mazzucato acknowledge.

Utopias e a produção do comum / Utopias and the production of the common / Utopías y producción de lo común

O artigo problematiza a ideia de utopia, fazendo a distinção entre o que seria utopia passiva e utopia ativa, assim como a dicotomia entre comum e singular. O autor desfaz os principais equívocos acerca do que é ideal e do que é comum, e evidencia nossa cumplicidade na captura de nosso desejo e no sequestro do comum pelo estado.

The article tackles the idea of utopia, making the distinction between passive utopia and active utopia, as well as the dichotomy between common and singular. The author rectifies the main misconceptions about what is ideal and what is common and highlights our complicity in the capture of our desire and kidnap of the common by the state.

El artículo problematiza la idea de utopía, haciendo la distinción entre lo que sería la utopía pasiva y la utopía activa; así como la dicotomía entre común y singular. El autor deshace los principales malentendidos sobre lo ideal y lo común, y evidencia nuestra complicidad en la captura de nuestro deseo y en el secuestro de lo común por parte del Estado.

From here to Utopia: Theories of Change in Nonideal Animal Ethics.

Animal ethics has often been criticized for an overreliance on "ideal" or even "utopian" theorizing. In this article, I recognize this problem, but argue that the "nonideal theory" which critics have offered in response is still insufficient to make animal ethics action-guiding. I argue that in order for animal ethics to be action-guiding, it must consider agent-centered theories of change detailing how an ideally just human-animal coexistence can and should be brought about. I lay out desiderata that such a theory of change should suffice so as to be helpful in guiding action. Specifically, a theory of change should determine (1) who needs to do what in order for ideal justice to be achieved in the long run, (2) who should be expected to refuse compliance and how they should be moved to comply, and (3) why specific intermediate steps are necessary. I show how previous "nonideal" contributions, though helpful in other ways, are insufficiently determinate on these points and I sketch a (still somewhat utopian) theory of change for one specific context. This brings animal ethics a crucial step closer to being action-guiding in the real world.

Envisioning the futures of cultural tourism.

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the future of tourism is a much-debated topic both in academic and non-academic circles with commentators expounding contrasting perspectives. This conceptual paper contributes to such debates and aims at envisioning plausible futures of cultural tourism, in particular. For that purpose, we first discuss cultural tourism trends and the future scenarios available in the literature. Then, we articulate three cultural tourism visions of the decades to come: a utopian, a dystopian and a heterotopian vision. Finally, we conclude that the heterotopian vision provides the most nuanced interpretation of the future of cultural tourism and we discuss the potential ramifications of such a vision.

Ecos da pandemia: a Educação Física e as crises de nosso tempo / Echoes of the pandemic: Physical Education and the crises of our time / Ecos de la pandemia: la Educación Física y las crisis de nuestro tiempo

O texto pretende apresentar a concepção e a importância da temática central desta sessão, que se propõe a aglutinar contribuições de diferentes pesquisadores, por ocasião do 40º Simpósio Nacional de Educação Física, realizado pela ESEF/UFPel(Pelotas, 2021). Como título Ecos da Pandemia: a Educação Física e as crises do nosso tempo, a Seção Temática propõe-se a uma reflexão dialógica,colaborativa e crítica sobre a conjuntura contemporânea, marcada por uma situação quase inimaginável há até pouco tempo: uma pandemia global, que já ceifou milhões de vida, uma guerra entre nações na Europa, que igualmente sacrifica vidas cotidianamente, e um cenário político absurdo na realidade brasileira. Desse quadro, emerge com ainda maior importância a produção de uma noção orgânica e radical de utopia.

The text intends to present the conception and importance of this session's main theme, which aimsto bring together contributions from different researchers, on the occasion of the 40th National Symposium on Physical Education, held by ESEF/UFPel (Pelotas, 2021). With the title Echoes of the Pandemic: Physical Education and the crises of our time, the Thematic Section proposes a dialogic,collaborative and critical reflection on the contemporary conjuncture, marked by a situation almost unimaginable until recently: a pandemic world situation, which has already claimed millions of lives, a war between nations in Europe, also sacrificing lives on a daily basis, and an absurd political scenario in the Brazilian environment. Facing this reality,the production of an organic and radical notion of utopia emerges even more urgently.

El texto pretende presentar la concepción y la importancia del tema central de esta sesión, que pretende reunir contribuciones de diferentes investigadores, por el motivo del 40º Simposio Nacional de EducaciónFísica, realizado por la ESEF/UFPel (Pelotas, 2021).Con el título Ecos de la Pandemia: la Educación Física y las crisis de nuestro tiempo, la Sección Temática propone una reflexión dialógica, colaborativa y crítica sobre la coyuntura contemporánea, marcada por una situación casi inimaginable hasta hace poco tiempo: una pandemia mundial, que ya se ha cobrado millones de vidas, una guerra entre naciones en Europa, que también sacrifica vidas a diario, y un escenario político absurdo en la realidad brasileña. Desde este marco, la producción de una noción orgánica y radical de utopía emerge aún más urgente.

Vanishing mediators in public health during COVID-19.

Public health interventions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic aim to ensure that the lessons learned of the crises can prevent historical recurrences. Such interventions can mean vanishing mediators that must cater to a post-pandemic structure. Learning from large-scale political and scientific histories or advances-emancipatory projects, pandemic histories and vaccine developments-as well as individual agencies-physical activity and exercise-at the moment become crucial in rethinking and enacting utopian possibilities.

The Socio-Political Roles of Neuroethics and the Case of Klotho.

An increasing amount of very diverse scholarship self-identifies as belonging to the field of neuroethics, illuminating a need to provide some reference points for what that field actually entails. We argue that neuroethics is a single field with distinct perspectives, roles, and subspecialties. We propose that-in addition to the three traditional perspectives delineated by Eric Racine-a fourth, socio-political perspective, must be recognized in neuroethics. The socio-political perspective in neuroethics focuses on the interplay between the behavioral as well as the brain sciences and the socio-political system; this interplay includes social regulation in addition to all other realistic elements of social and political neurodiscourses. Thus, defining what-if any-roles the socio-political perspective in neuroethics might have is a pressing issue. Doing so could provide guidance for defining the criteria for prospective ethical evaluations in neuroethics. A promising approach to doing this could be by describing the roles of neuroethics in terms of the more concrete examples of the roles of political philosophy in general, as in the tradition of John Rawls. We take klotho, the supposed "longevity protein," as a modern neuroethics case to exemplify the obstacles faced in securing neuroethics' legitimacy and how the Rawlsian framework we propose may be applied to handle cases such as this. Ultimately, the socio-political perspective in neuroethics should not be swayed by the media hype and ought to offer useful ethical guidance and articulation of genuine ethical concerns to policy makers and the public alike.

As ocupações das escolas e suas formas inéditas de revolta / School occupations and their original forms of revolt / Les occupations juvéniles et leurs formes originales de révolte / Las ocupaciones de escuelas y sus nuevas formas de revuelta

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca da emergência de novas discursividades no campo político com o movimento de ocupações de escolas no Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016, considerando a dimensão utópica presente nessas experiências estudantis que se conjugaram a partir da posição de um não-saber. Articula-se com registros bibliográficos, fotográficos e audiovisuais, convocando o pensamento para uma conversa entre política e utopia.

Abstract This paper reflects on the emergence of new political discourses regarding students' lived experience of school occupations in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016, considering their utopic content built upon a not-knowing position. The text articulates bibliographic research, photographic and audio-visual records, inviting a debate about politics and utopia.

Résumé Cet article réfléchit à l'émergence de nouveaux discours politiques concernant les occupation juvéniles dans les écoles au Brésil, entre 2015 et 2016, en considérant leur contenu utopique construit sur une position de non-savoir. Le texte articule des recherches bibliographiques, des enregistrements photographiques et audiovisuels, invitant à un débat sur la politique et l'utopie.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta una reflexión sobre las urgencias de las nuevas discursividades en el campo político a partir del movimiento de ocupaciones de escuelas en Brasil, entre 2015 y 2016, considerando la dimensión utópica presente en estas experiencias de los estudiantes que están intercaladas a partir de la posición de un no-saber. Para ello, se utilizan bibliografía, registros fotográficos y audiovisuales, que estimulan la discusión entre política y utopía.

Collective imaginaries of caring landscapes for rural youth: a concept mapping study in northern Sweden.

BACKGROUND: In the current study, the approach of 'utopia as method' was combined with the concept 'landscapes of care' to explore collective imaginaries of caring landscapes in relation to young people living in rural northern Sweden, while focusing specifically on what such landscapes should ideally look like, and how various strategies could help to realise the visions. METHODS: The research was conducted using a modified concept mapping methodology comprising three phases of data collection and analysis. This facilitated the integration of tacit knowledge and utopian visions of young people, professionals and policymakers living and working in various parts of northern Sweden. RESULTS: The results indicated that caring landscapes should: 'provide services responsive to young people's wishes and needs', 'be organised around values of safety, equity and youth participation', and 'rework metro-centredness' in order to care for, with and about rural youth. CONCLUSIONS: The findings can be viewed as an imaginary reconstitution of communities in rural northern Sweden, but also as hypothetical building blocks to be used for developing caring landscapes and a 'good countryside' where young people have the possibility to live a good life in decent health.

De uma utopia estética a uma estética utópica: a linguagem que pulsa / From aesthetic utopia to utopian aesthetics: the pulsating language / De una utopía estética a una estética utópica: el lenguaje que pulsa

Este artigo busca tensionar o significante utopia, a partir de uma articulação com a estética. Com esse intuito, dialogamos, especificamente, com a linguagem cinematográfica, assumindo a premissa de que não aplicamos a Psicanálise ao cinema, mas o cinema à Psicanálise, de modo a construir um percurso mediante o qual podemos escutar os significantes em sua equivocidade. Com a emergência de uma utopia estética, a qual ilustramos com o realismo socialista, entendemos que uma política de linguagem estrita foi colocada em cena, restringindo os jogos com os significantes e, portanto, as possibilidades discursivas. No entanto, nos emaranhados da cultura, entre fechamentos e (re)aberturas, uma estética utópica pode ganhar forma, a qual colocamos para discussão a partir do cinema de Tarkovsky, que aposta em uma linguagem cinematográfica fora dos ditames estéticos vigentes. Nesse sentido, o que está em jogo é a dimensão inventiva da linguagem, o pulsar dos significantes que convocam os sujeitos a posturas distintas.

This article seeks to underscore the 'utopia significant, based on an articulation with aesthetics. The premise is not to apply Psychoanalysis to cinema: cinema is applied to Psychoanalysis building a path through which we can listen to the signifiers in their equivocality. With the emergence of an aesthetic utopia, which we illustrate with socialist realism, we understand that a strict language policy was established, restricting games with language and, therefore, discursive possibilities. However, in the entanglements of culture, between closings and (re)openings, a utopian aesthetics can take shape, and also shape the discussion based on Tarkovsky's cinema, with his outsider cinematographic language. In this sense, what is at stake is the inventive dimension of language, the pulse of the signifiers that call the subjects to position themselves differently.

Este artículo busca tensionar el significante utopía, a partir de una articulación con la estética. Para eso, dialogamos específicamente con el lenguaje cinematográfico, asumiendo la premisa de que no aplicamos el Psicoanálisis al cine, sino el cine al Psicoanálisis, para construir un camino a través del cual podamos escuchar los significantes en su equívoco. Con el surgimiento de una utopía estética, la cual ilustramos con el realismo socialista, entendemos que una politica de lenguaje estricta fue colocada en escena, restringiendo los juegos con los significantes y, por lo tanto, las posibilidades discursivas. Sin embargo, en los enredosn de la cultura, entre cierres y (re)aperturas, puede tomar forma una estética utópica, la cual ponemos en discusión a partir del cine de Tarkovsky, que apuesta por un lenguaje cinematográfico fuera de los dictámenes estéticos actuales. En este sentido, lo que está en juego es la dimensión inventiva del lenguaje, el pulso de los significantes que convocan a los sujetos a diferentes posturas.

Psicanálise e utopia: Diálogos sobre abordagens divergentes / Psychoanalysis and utopia: Dialogues on divergent approaches / Psicoanálisis y utopía: Diálogos sobre enfoques divergentes

O presente artigo propõe uma revisão de literatura que objetiva mapear a relação entre psicanálise e utopia. Mais especificamente, que busca situar brevemente o que psicanalistas e autores que se utilizam da psicanálise versam sobre o tema da utopia no Brasil, sem a intenção de, com isso, fazer uma descrição exaustiva dessas diferentes abordagens do problema, mas assimilando-as à nossa maneira. Para tanto, foram compilados um total de onze ensaios, dos quais cinco são artigos publicados em periódicos acadêmicos e os outros seis são capítulos de livro. Os ensaios que compõem esta revisão se voltam para articulações conceituais da ideia de utopia que em alguma medida passem pela teorização psicanalítica, de modo que o foco está no conceito em si, e não nas diferentes manifestações de uma discursividade utópica. Destaca-se, das diferentes abordagens, a ambivalência que envolve a relação da psicanálise com a utopia, que a constitui um profícuo campo de diálogo e debate.

This article proposes a literature review that aims to map the relationship between psychoanalysis and utopia. More specifically, it seeks to briefly situate what psychoanalysts and authors who use psychoanalysis say about the theme of utopia in Brazil, without meaning to carry out an exhaustive description of these different approaches to the problem, but assimilating them in our own way. For this purpose, a total of eleven essays were compiled, of which five are articles published in academic journals and the other six are book chapters. The essays that make up this review focus on conceptual articulations of the idea of utopia that to some extent pass through psychoanalytic theorization, so that the focus is on the concept itself, and not on the different manifestations of a utopian discourse. The ambivalence surrounding the relationship between psychoanalysis and utopia stands out from the different approaches, which make it a rich field for dialogue and debate.

Este artículo propone una revisión de literatura que tiene como objetivo mapear la relación entre el psicoanálisis y la utopía. Más específicamente, busca ubicar brevemente lo que psicoanalistas y autores que usan el psicoanálisis tratan sobre el tema de la utopía en Brasil, sin la intención de hacer una descripción exhaustiva de estos diferentes enfoques del problema, pero asimilándolos a nuestra manera. Para ello, se recopilaron un total de once ensayos, los cuales cinco son artículos publicados en revistas académicas y los otros seis son capítulos de libro. Los ensayos que componen esta revisión se centran en las articulaciones conceptuales de la idea de utopía que, en cierta medida, pasan por la teorización psicoanalítica, de modo que el foco está en el concepto en sí mismo, y no en las diferentes manifestaciones de un discurso utópico. De los diferentes enfoques, se destaca la ambivalencia que implica la relación del psicoanálisis con la utopía, que la constituye como un campo fructífero de diálogo y debate.

Solidarity in the Time of COVID-19?

This article critically examines how solidarity has been enacted in the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly, but not exclusively, from a United Kingdom perspective.1 Solidaristic strategies are framed in two ways: aspirations to overcome COVID-19 (utopian anthropocentric solidarity); and those that are illusory, incompatible, contradictory, and disrupting of solidaristic ideals (heterotopian solidarity). Solidarity can also be understood more widely from a biocentric perspective (solidarity with all life). In the context of COVID-19 a lack of biocentric solidarity points to a probable cause of the pandemic; where COVID-19, harmless in bats, jumped species as a consequence of closer contact with humans. Solidarity, therefore, is not only expressed in a fight against a viral "enemy" but is also a reminder of human activity that has upset balances within ecosystems.

Os ideais e a desilusão: a função das utopias / The ideals and the disillusion: the function of the utopias / Los ideales y la desilusion: la función de las utopías / Les idéaux et la désillusion: les fonctions de l'utopie

RESUMO O artigo defende que os ideais são instâncias psíquicas inexistentes e irrealizáveis. São herdeiros do Édipo e se originam da economia narcísica, estando ligados às nossas identificações. Nascidos das nossas desilusões, eles dão suporte à transformação delas em fantasias e ilusões de prazer que sustentam o ego diante das suas limitações. O homem contemporâneo vive entre seus desejos e idealizações e as limitações de sua existência. O ego e seu ideal são separados por uma distância maior. Utopias desempenham uma função análoga à dos sonhos, quando permitem a elaboração da experiência. E desempenham outra função, semelhante à do ideal do ego, porque sustentam uma identificação idealizada que nos permite investir novamente no mundo das coisas. Esses ideais nos trazem esperança para lidar com os sentimentos de desilusão.

ABSTRACT The paper states that the ideals are inexistent psychical elements. They derive from the Oedipus complex, originated from the narcissistic economy and are linked to our identifications. Originated from our disillusions, they give support to their transformations in phantasies and illusions of pleasures which sustain the Ego in face of its limitations. Contemporary men spend a life between his desires that don't necessarily come true and his idealizations, besides the limitations of his own existence. Consequently, his Ego and its 'Ideal' are further apart. Utopias have a similar function as the dreams when they allow the experience to be worked on. They have another function, similar to the "Ideal of the Ego", because it supports the idealized identification which allows us to reinvest, once again, in the material world. These 'Ideals' bring us hope to deal with the disillusions feelings.

RESUMEN El artículo sostiene que los ideales son instancias psíquicas inexistentes e irrealizables. Son herederos de Edipo y tienen su origen en la economía narcisista, estando vinculados a nuestras identificaciones. Nacidos de nuestras desilusiones, apoyan su transformación en fantasías y delirios de placer que sostienen al Ego frente a sus limitaciones. El hombre contemporáneo vive entre sus deseos e idealizaciones y las limitaciones de su existencia. El ego y su "ideal" están separados por una distancia mayor. Las utopías cumplen una función similar a la de los sueños, cuando permiten la elaboración de la experiencia. Y cumple otra función, similar a la del 'yo ideal', porque apoya una identificación idealizada que nos permite invertir nuevamente en el mundo de las cosas. Estos "ideales" nos dan la esperanza de lidiar con los sentimientos de desilusión.

RÉSUMÉ L'article soutient que les idéaux sont des instances psychiques inexistantes et irréalisables. Ils sont héritiers d'Œdipe et sont issus de l'économie narcissique, et sont liés à nos identifications. Nés de nos désillusions, ils offrent du support à leur transformation en fantasmes et illusions de plaisir qui soutiennent le moi face à ses limitations. L'homme contemporain vit entre ses désirs et ses idéalisations, et les limitations de son existence. Le moi et son « idéal ¼ sont séparés par une plus grande distance. Les utopies accomplissent une fonction similaire à celle des rêves, lorsqu'elles permettent l'élaboration de l'expérience. Et elles accomplissent une autre fonction, similaire à celle de « l'idéal du moi ¼, parce qu'elles soutiennent une identification idéalisée qui nous permet d'investir à nouveau dans le monde des choses. Ces « idéaux ¼ nous apportent de l'espoir pour faire face aux sentiments de désillusion.

A ética psicanalítica, o eu e o mundo / Psychoanalytical ethics, the I and the world / La ética psicoanalítica, el yo y el mundo / L'éthique psychanalytique, le soi et le monde

RESUMO A proposta de reflexão sobre uma ética psicanalítica para o século XXI surge em um mundo convulsionado por excessiva agressividade entre humanos a partir das suas diferenças, assim como contra o meio ambiente, situações que ficaram agravadas na pandemia. Como é possível estabelecer similaridades com cenários distópicos de obras de ficção científica, comparam-se enredos e personagens ali encontrados com o momento atual. Obras sobre distopias costumam representar as angústias humanas mais primitivas deslocadas para o futuro. Destaca-se outro tipo de enredo, em que os aspectos colaborativos e integradores são utilizados para superar adversidades catastróficas grupais. Para argumentar sobre as diferenças de cenário, mostra-se que há uma característica genotípica humana apontada por Freud como da horda primitiva que se contrapõe ao fenotípico que foi se incorporando através do processo civilizatório em contínuo aperfeiçoamento. Ressalta-se o aspecto dinâmico apontado na relação genótipo-fenótipo conforme se apresenta no enquadre psicanalítico e de que forma se constitui como a nossa ética para lidar com as diferenças.

ABSTRACT The proposal to reflect on a psychoanalytical ethics for the 21st century arises in a world convulsed by excessive aggressiveness among humans due to their differences, as well as against the environment, situations that were aggravated during the pandemic. As it is possible to establish similarities with dystopian scenarios found in science fiction works, comparisons are made between plots and characters found there with the current moment. Works on dystopia usually represent the most primitive human anxieties happening in the future. Another type of plot stands out, in which the collaborative and integrating aspects are used to overcome catastrophic group adversities. A comparison is made between a human genotypic characteristic pointed out by Freud as that of the primitive horde in opposition to the phenotypic which was incorporated through the civilization process and the need for its continuous improvement. An emphasis is made on the role of the psychoanalytical framework to work with these oscillating human characteristics and how they can constitute our ethics to deal with differences.

RESUMEN La propuesta acerca de reflexionar sobre una ética psicoanalítica para el siglo XXI surge en un mundo convulsionado por la excesiva agresividad de los humanos ante sus diferencias, así como ante el medio ambiente, situaciones que se agravaron en la pandemia. Como es posible establecer similitudes con los escenarios distópicos encontrados en las obras de ciencia ficción, se hacen comparaciones entre las tramas y los personajes encontrados allí con el momento actual. Los trabajos sobre distopías suelen representar las ansiedades humanas más primitivas trasladadas a un futuro. Destaca otro tipo de trama en la que se utilizan los aspectos colaborativos e integradores para superar las adversidades catastróficas del grupo. Se hace una comparación entre una característica genotípica humana señalada por Freud como la de la horda primitiva en oposición a la fenotípica que se incorporó a través del proceso civilizatorio y la necesidad de su mejora continua. Se hace hincapié en el papel del marco psicoanalítico para trabajar con estas características humanas oscilantes y en cómo pueden constituir nuestra ética para tratar las diferencias.

RÉSUMÉ La proposition de réfléchir sur une éthique psychanalytique pour le XXIe siècle apparaît dans un monde convulsionné par une agressivité excessive entre les humains à partir de leurs différences, aussi bien que contre l'environnement, des situations qui se sont aggravées pendant la pandémie. Comme il est possible d'établir des similitudes avec les sénaires dystopiques que l'on trouve dans les œuvres de science-fiction : on fait des comparaisons entre les intrigues et les personnages que l'on y retrouve et le moment présent. Les œuvres à propos des dystopies représentent généralement les angoisses humaines les plus primitives déplacées vers un avenir. On distingue un autre type d'intrigue où les aspects collaboratifs et d'intégration sont utilisés pour surmonter les adversités catastrophiques des groupes. On fait une comparaison entre une caractéristique génotypique humaine signalée par Freud comme celle de la horde primitive en opposition au phénotypique qui s'est incorporée par le moyen du processus civilisateur et la nécessité de son amélioration continue. On souligne le rôle du cadre psychanalytique pour travailler avec ces caractéristiques humaines oscillantes et comment elles peuvent devenir notre éthique pour traiter les différences.

As múltiplas pandemias englobadas na pandemia / The multiple pandemic included in the pandemic / Las múltiples pandemias englobadas en la pandemia / Les multiples pandémies contenues dans la pandémie

RESUMO O início da pandemia, além da angústia pela possibilidade de adoecer e até de morrer, se constitui em uma crise intensa pela mudança de paradigmas do cotidiano familiar. O lar passa a ser simultaneamente home office, escola, playground etc. Toda essa reformulação não é fácil de metabolizar. Nesse pandemônio, surgem outras pandemias associadas, como o aumento da ansiedade, o isolamento social, a falta de empatia dos governantes para com a dor dos cidadãos, o desencontro com a ciência e a criação de mitos e utopias. Com respeito a essas utopias de cunho maníaco, existe a noção de que o pós-pandemia significará o surgimento de um "novo normal", como se uma transformação quase mágica, pela experiência dolorosa, fosse mudar o homem para melhor. A história nos mostra que não é bem assim que as coisas funcionam.

ABSTRACT The beginning of the pandemic, besides bringing anxiety due to the possibility of getting sick and dying, happened in the middle of an intense crisis for the change on paradigms in the day-by-day of all families. Homes become work places, school areas, play areas, etc. All these changes are not easy to be accepted. During this pandemonium, other pandemics arise, such as more anxiety, social isolation and the lack of empathy by the government towards the people's suffering, science disagreements as well as the surge or myths and utopias. About these utopias connected to maniac nature, there is the idea that the post-pandemic phase will be the 'new normal'. As if a kind of magic change caused by painful experience, could change people for the better. History shows us that that's not exactly how things work.

RESUMEN El inicio de la pandemia, además de la angustia por la posibilidad de quedarse enfermo o incluso morir, se convierte en una crisis intensa por el cambio de paradigma del mundo familiar. El hogar pasa a ser simultáneamente home office, escuela, playground etc. Toda esa reformulación no se metaboliza fácilmente. Em ese pandemonio, surgen otras pandemias asociadas con el aumento de la ansiedad, el aislamiento social y la falta de empatía de los gobernantes hacia el dolor de los ciudadanos, el desencuentro con la ciencia y la creación de mitos y utopías. Con respecto a esas utopías de índole maligna, existe la noción de que la post pandemia significará un ''nuevo normal''. Como si un cambio casi mágico por la experiencia dolorosa, fuera a cambiar el hombre para mejor. La historia, por el contrario, nos muestra que las cosas no funcionan así.

RÉSUMÉ Le début de la pandémie, outre l'angoisse face à la possibilité de devenir malade et même de mourir, se constitue en une crise intense, en raison du changement de paradigme du quotidien familier. Le foyer devient en même temps home office, école, playground, etc. Toute cette reformulation n'est pas facile à métaboliser. Dans ce pandémonium, d'autres pandémies associées surgissent, telles que l'augmentation de l'anxiété, l'isolement social et le manque d'empathie de la part des gouvernants vis-à-vis la douleur des citoyens, le désaccord avec la science et la création de mites et d'utopies. On peut penser à la notion que la postpandémie signifiera l'apparition du « nouveau normal, ¼ dans ce qui concerne ces utopies d'origine maniaque. L'homme changerait et deviendrait meilleur comme dans un changement presque magique, en raison de l'expérience douloureuse. L'histoire nous montre que ce n'est pas tout à fait comme ça que les choses fonctionnent.