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1.
Farm. hosp ; 48(1): t29-t33, ene. - feb. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229470

RESUMO

Objetivo la administración de voriconazol nebulizado implica ventajas, incluyendo la optimización de la penetración pulmonar y la reducción de los efectos adversos e interacciones; sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su utilización es escasa y no existen presentaciones comerciales específicas para nebulización. Nuestro objetivo es caracterizar las soluciones de voriconazol elaboradas para nebulización y describir su uso en nuestro centro. Método estudio observacional retrospectivo incluyendo pacientes que reciben voriconazol nebulizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades pulmonares (infecciones fúngicas o colonizaciones). La solución de voriconazol se preparó a partir de los viales comerciales para la administración intravenosa. Resultados el pH y la osmolaridad de las soluciones de voriconazol fueron adecuados para su nebulización. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 9 adultos y un niño. La dosis fue de 40 mg en los adultos y 10 mg en el paciente pediátrico, diluido a 10 mg/ml, administrados cada 12-24 horas. La duración mediana del tratamiento fue de 139 (rango: 26-911) días. No se reportaron efectos adversos y no se detectó voriconazol en plasma cuando se administró únicamente vía nebulizada. Conclusiones la nebulización de voriconazol es bien tolerada y no se absorbe hacia la circulación sistémica. Son necesarios más estudios de investigación para evaluar su eficacia (AU)


Objective Pulmonary administration of voriconazole involves advantages, including optimization of lung penetration and reduction of adverse effects and interactions. However, there is scarce evidence about its use and there are no commercial presentations for nebulization. We aim to characterize a compounded voriconazole solution for nebulization and describe its use in our center. Method This is a retrospective observational study including patients who received nebulized voriconazole to treat fungal lung diseases (infection or colonization). Voriconazole solution was prepared from commercial vials for intravenous administration. Results The pH and osmolarity of voriconazole solutions were adequate for nebulization. Ten patients were included, nine adults and a child. The dosage was 40 mg in adults and 10 mg in the pediatric patient, diluted to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml, administered every 12-24 hours. The median duration of treatment was 139 (range: 26-911) days. There were no reported adverse effects and the drug was not detected in plasma when nebulized only. Conclusion Voriconazole nebulization is well tolerated and it is not absorbed into the systemic circulation; further research is needed to assess its efficacy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Aspergilose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Farm Hosp ; 48(1): 29-33, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37612182

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary administration of voriconazole involves advantages, including optimization of lung penetration and reduction of adverse effects and interactions. However, there is scarce evidence about its use and there are no commercial presentations for nebulization. We aim to characterize a compounded voriconazole solution for nebulization and describe its use in our center. METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study including patients who received nebulized voriconazole to treat fungal lung diseases (infection or colonization). Voriconazole solution was prepared from commercial vials for intravenous administration. RESULTS: The pH and osmolarity of voriconazole solutions were adequate for nebulization. Ten patients were included, 9 adults and a child. The dosage was 40 mg in adults and 10 mg in the pediatric patient, diluted to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml, administered every 12-24 h. The median duration of treatment was 139 (range: 26-911) days. There were no reported adverse effects and the drug was not detected in plasma when nebulized only. CONCLUSION: Voriconazole nebulization is well-tolerated and it is not absorbed into the systemic circulation; further research is needed to assess its efficacy.


Assuntos
Aspergilose , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Voriconazol/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Aspergilose/induzido quimicamente , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Triazóis/efeitos adversos
3.
Farm Hosp ; 48(1): T29-T33, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858518

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary administration of voriconazole involves advantages, including optimization of lung penetration and reduction of adverse effects and interactions. However, there is scarce evidence about its use and there are no commercial presentations for nebulization. We aim to characterize a compounded voriconazole solution for nebulization and describe its use in our center. METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study including patients who received nebulized voriconazole to treat fungal lung diseases (infection or colonization). Voriconazole solution was prepared from commercial vials for intravenous administration. RESULTS: The pH and osmolarity of voriconazole solutions were adequate for nebulization. Ten patients were included, nine adults and a child. The dosage was 40 mg in adults and 10 mg in the pediatric patient, diluted to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml, administered every 12-24 hours. The median duration of treatment was 139 (range: 26-911) days. There were no reported adverse effects and the drug was not detected in plasma when nebulized only. CONCLUSION: Voriconazole nebulization is well tolerated and it is not absorbed into the systemic circulation; further research is needed to assess its efficacy.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Administração Intravenosa , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Voriconazol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Biomedica ; 43(Sp. 1): 41-56, 2023 08 31.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721903

RESUMO

The fusariosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Its clinical presentation depends on the immunological status of the host, especially in patients with hematooncological diseases, whose manifestations vary from localized to invasive fungal infections. Skin or blood culture helps to guide combined antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole. Here, we present 13 cases in a period of eleven years of patients with cancer who developed disseminated fusariosis and their outcomes, together with a review of the related literature. In this series of cases, mortality was 61.5 % (8/13), despite the use of the antifungal. Out of the 13 cases, 11 had hematological neoplasia and 2 solid neoplasia. The most determinant risk factor was profound neutropenia. Skin involvement and positive blood cultures in most cases allowed combined treatment prescription. Persistent febrile neutropenia associated with skin lesions, onychomycosis, nodules, or lung masses lead to suspicion of Fusarium spp. fungal invasive infection. The aim of this series of cases is to remind healthcare professionals that oncological patients with deep and persistent febrile neutropenia can develop fusariosis.


La fusariosis es una micosis oportunista producida por Fusarium spp. Su presentación clínica depende del estado inmunológico del huésped, especialmente, el de aquellos con enfermedades hematooncológicas, cuyas manifestaciones varían desde formas localizadas hasta infección fúngica invasora. El cultivo de piel o de sangre permite orientar el tratamiento antifúngico combinado con anfotericina B y voriconazol. Se presentan 13 casos de pacientes con cáncer en un periodo de once años que desarrollaron fusariosis diseminada; asimismo, se hizo con una revisión extensa de la literatura. En esta serie de casos, la mortalidad fue del 61,5 % (8/13), a pesar del uso del antifúngico. De los 13 pacientes, 11 tenían neoplasia hematológica y 2 neoplasia sólida. El factor de riesgo más importante fue la neutropenia profunda. El compromiso de la piel y los hemocultivos positivos facilitaron la prescripción del tratamiento combinado en la mayoría de los casos. La neutropenia febril persistente asociada a lesiones cutáneas, la onicomicosis, los nódulos o las masas pulmonares permitieron sospechar una infección fúngica invasora por Fusarium spp. El objetivo de la presentación de esta serie de casos es recordar el diagnóstico de fusariosis a la comunidad médica en contacto con pacientes oncológicos, con neutropenia febril profunda y persistentes.


Assuntos
Neutropenia Febril , Fusariose , Neoplasias , Humanos , Fusariose/tratamento farmacológico , Fusariose/etiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa , Neoplasias/complicações
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(Supl. 1): 32-40, ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533890

RESUMO

La fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es poco frecuente y altamente letal. En el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá solo se han reportado dos casos: uno entre el 2001 y el 2007, y el otro entre el 2012 y el 2018. Este tipo de infección es más común en pacientes con algún grado de compromiso del sistema inmunitario, por lo que puede presentarse en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 27 años con recaída de leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que ingresó con poliartralgias de cinco días de duración. También cursaba con neutropenia febril, celulitis sin abscesos y bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina para lo cual recibió terapia con oxacilina y cefepime. Sin embargo, persistía la neutropenia febril por lo que se sospechó una infección fúngica invasora. Se tomó un nuevo set de hemocultivos y se inició tratamiento antifúngico. En los hemocultivos se identificaron artroconidias y mediante espectrometría de masas por láser de matriz asistida de ionización-desorción se confirmó la presencia de Geotrichum spp. Se ajustó el tratamiento antifúngico con deoxicolato de anfotericina B por 14 días y voriconazol por cuatro semanas. Luego de una estancia prolongada se le dio de alta. Aunque la incidencia de la fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es baja, en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas debe considerarse en el contexto de una neutropenia febril que es persistente a pesar del tratamiento antimicrobiano de amplio espectro. La identificación de los agentes causantes de fungemias con herramientas de proteómica, como la espectrometría de masas mencionada, permite ajustar el tratamiento dirigido y reducir las complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad.


Fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is rare and highly lethal. The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá reported just two cases: one in the period 2001-2007 and the other in 2012-2018. This type of infection is more common in any kind of immunocompromised patients, so it can occur in those with hematological malignancies. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old man, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse and admitted with polyarthralgia for five days, febrile neutropenia, non- abscessed cellulitis, and bacteremia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient received therapy with oxacillin and cefepime, but the febrile neutropenia persisted. A new set of blood cultures was taken, and antifungal treatment was started because of the suspicion of invasive fungal infection. Arthroconidia were identified in blood cultures and Geotrichum spp. was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. The antifungal treatment was adjusted with amphotericin B deoxycholate for 14 days and voriconazole for four weeks, and after a prolonged stay, the patient was discharged. Although the incidence of fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is low, it must be considered in patients with hematological malignancies and persistent febrile neutropenia despite the broadspectrum antimicrobial treatment. The confirmation of fungemia causing agents, with proteomic tools such as the mentioned mass spectrometry, allows treatment adjustment and decreases complications, hospital stay, and mortality.


Assuntos
Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Geotricose , Anfotericina B , Fungemia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Voriconazol
6.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(Supl. 1): 41-56, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533892

RESUMO

La fusariosis es una micosis oportunista producida por Fusarium spp. Su presentación clínica depende del estado inmunológico del huésped, especialmente, el de aquellos con enfermedades hematooncológicas, cuyas manifestaciones varían desde formas localizadas hasta infección fúngica invasora. El cultivo de piel o de sangre permite orientar el tratamiento antifúngico combinado con anfotericina B y voriconazol. Se presentan 13 casos de pacientes con cáncer en un periodo de once años que desarrollaron fusariosis diseminada; asimismo, se hizo con una revisión extensa de la literatura. En esta serie de casos, la mortalidad fue del 61,5 % (8/13), a pesar del uso del antifúngico. De los 13 pacientes, 11 tenían neoplasia hematológica y 2 neoplasia sólida. El factor de riesgo más importante fue la neutropenia profunda. El compromiso de la piel y los hemocultivos positivos facilitaron la prescripción del tratamiento combinado en la mayoría de los casos. La neutropenia febril persistente asociada a lesiones cutáneas, la onicomicosis, los nódulos o las masas pulmonares permitieron sospechar una infección fúngica invasora por Fusarium spp. El objetivo de la presentación de esta serie de casos es recordar el diagnóstico de fusariosis a la comunidad médica en contacto con pacientes oncológicos, con neutropenia febril profunda y persistentes.


The fusariosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Its clinical presentation depends on the immunological status of the host, especially in patients with hemato-oncological diseases, whose manifestations vary from localized to invasive fungal infections. Skin or blood culture helps to guide combined antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole. Here, we present 13 cases in a period of eleven years of patients with cancer who developed disseminated fusariosis and their outcomes, together with a review of the related literature. In this series of cases, mortality was 61.5 % (8/13), despite the use of the antifungal. Out of the 13 cases, 11 had hematological neoplasia and 2 solid neoplasia. The most determinant risk factor was profound neutropenia. Skin involvement and positive blood cultures in most cases allowed combined treatment prescription. Persistent febrile neutropenia associated with skin lesions, onychomycosis, nodules, or lung masses lead to suspicion of Fusarium spp. fungal invasive infection. The aim of this series of cases is to remind healthcare professionals that oncological patients with deep and persistent febrile neutropenia can develop fusariosis.


Assuntos
Fusarium , Anfotericina B , Fungemia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Voriconazol
7.
Farm. hosp ; 47(2): 93-95, marzo-abril 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218921

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de una interacción farmacológica entre nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (fármaco aprobado para la infección por COVID-19) y voriconazol, derivada del efecto bidireccional del ritonavir sobre las 2 principales enzimas metabolizadoras del voriconazol (citocromo P450 3A y 2C19) de forma que, ritonavir inhibe la primera e induce la segunda.De acuerdo con las principales bases de datos de información farmacoterapéutica, en la interacción entre ambos fármacos, se espera una disminución en el área bajo la curva del voriconazol por el efecto inductor de su metabolismo, sin embargo, en el caso que presentamos ha ocurrido el efecto opuesto, se dan niveles supraterapéuticos de forma mantenida, lo cual es un efecto paradójico según la literatura.Dado el corto periodo de tratamiento con nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (5 días), no llega a manifestarse el efecto inductor del ritonavir propuesto en los estudios en los que se basan las recomendaciones, donde el tratamiento con ritonavir es más prolongado. (AU)


This case is based on a drug interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (approved drug for COVID-19) and voriconazole is presented, possibly derived from the bidirectional effect of ritonavir on the 2 main voriconazole metabolising enzymes (cytochrome P450 3A and 2C19) ritonavir inhibits the former and induces the latter respectively.According to the main pharmacotherapeutic information databases, in the interaction between both drugs, a decrease in the area under the curve of voriconazole is expected due to the.inducing effect of its metabolism; however, in the case we present, unexpectedly, a paradoxical effect occurs, according to what is described in literature, with the result of sustained supratherapeutic levels of voriconazole.Given the short treatment period with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (5 days), the induction effect of ritonavir proposed in the studies on which the recommendations are based, where treatment with ritonavir is longer, does not occur. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Tratamento Farmacológico
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(1): 82-95, abr. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430776

RESUMO

Resumen La aspergilosis invasiva (AI) es una enfermedad grave y con alta mortalidad. Existen factores de riesgo y se describen brotes intrahospitalarios relacionados con construcciones. También se des cribe una entidad relacionada con la infección por COVID-19, conocida como aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (APAC). Es de vital importancia implementar un tratamiento adecuado y precoz, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos y críticamente enfermos. El diagnóstico se basa en reconocer los factores predisponentes, la clínica, la obtención de imágenes, exámenes directos, cultivos, histopatología y biomarca dores como el galactomanano. La droga de elección es el voriconazol, pero se deben conocer las alternativas terapéuticas dada la creciente presencia de aislamientos resistentes.


Abstract Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious disease with high mortality. There are several risk factors and in-hospital outbreaks related with construction have been described. An entity related to COVID-19 infection, known as COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), has recently appeared. Early and appropriate treatment is of paramount importance, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Diagnosis is based on recognition of predisposing factors, clinical signs, imaging, direct examination, culture, histopathology, and biomarkers such as galactomannan. The drug of choice is voriconazole, but alternative therapies must be taken into account given the increasing presence of resistant isolates.

9.
Farm Hosp ; 47(2): T93-T95, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36959068

RESUMO

This case is based on a drug interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (approved drug for COVID-19) and voriconazole is presented, possibly derived from the bidirectional effect of ritonavir on the 2 main voriconazole metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 3A and 2C19) ritonavir inhibits the former and induces the latter respectively. According to the main pharmacotherapeutic information databases, in the interaction between both drugs, a decrease in the area under the curve of voriconazole is expected due to the inducing effect of its metabolism; however, in the case we present, unexpectedly, a paradoxical effect occurs, according to what is described in literature, with the result of sustained supratherapeutic levels of voriconazole. Given the short treatment period with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (5 days), the induction effect of ritonavir proposed in the studies on which the recommendations are based, where treatment with ritonavir is longer, does not occur.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Ritonavir , Humanos , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19
10.
Farm Hosp ; 47(2): 93-95, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36653282

RESUMO

This case is based on a drug interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (approved drug for COVID-19) and voriconazole is presented, possibly derived from the bidirectional effect of ritonavir on the 2 main voriconazole metabolising enzymes (cytochrome P450 3A and 2C19) ritonavir inhibits the former and induces the latter respectively. According to the main pharmacotherapeutic information databases, in the interaction between both drugs, a decrease in the area under the curve of voriconazole is expected due to the. inducing effect of its metabolism; however, in the case we present, unexpectedly, a paradoxical effect occurs, according to what is described in literature, with the result of sustained supratherapeutic levels of voriconazole. Given the short treatment period with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (5 days), the induction effect of ritonavir proposed in the studies on which the recommendations are based, where treatment with ritonavir is longer, does not occur.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Ritonavir , Humanos , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19
11.
J Infect Chemother ; 29(3): 353-356, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36522818

RESUMO

Herein, we report a case of otitis externa caused by Malassezia slooffiae complicated with mastoiditis. A 70-year-old male complained of fever and severe otorrhea from left external auditory canal 2 months after undergoing a craniotomy to remove a hematoma. He had right-sided paralysis and undertook bed rest. Brain computed tomography revealed continuous fluid accumulation in the left mastoid air cells and middle ear from left external auditory canal in addition to leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein level. The tympanic membrane was severely swelling. These results indicated the presence of otitis media and mastoiditis. Otorrhea culture showed large amounts of M. slooffiae. The administration of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), the irrigation of external auditory canal with normal saline, and the application of topical ketoconazole ointment were started. The administration of L-AMB for 8 weeks and voriconazole, which was switched from L-AMB, for 4 weeks ameliorated his infection and he was transferred to another hospital to receive rehabilitation. From these results and his clinical course, the diagnosis of otitis externa caused by Malassezia slooffiae complicated with mastoiditis was made. And the possibility of the contamination by M. slooffiae was very low. Clinicians should be aware that M.slooffiae can provoke otological infections since M. slooffiae is the most common Malassezia sp. in external auditory canal.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Malassezia , Mastoidite , Otite Externa , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Otite Externa/diagnóstico , Mastoidite/diagnóstico
12.
Sanid. mil ; 78(3): 146-150, septiembre 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214634

RESUMO

Antecedentes: El incremento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas ha incrementado el uso de voriconazol como profilaxis y tratamiento, siendo necesario monitorizar sus concentraciones séricas.Objetivo:Estandarizar y validar un método sencillo, con alta eficacia y especificidad para la determinación de voriconazol.Material y métodos:Para la cuantificación de voriconazol se empleó un equipo de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución Shimadzu, acoplado a un detector ultravioleta-visible diodo-array, realizando la separación cromatográfica con una columna Brisa LC2 C18. Las condiciones cromatográficas que se definieron fueron: temperatura de la columna, 35ºC; longitud de onda, 256 nm; volumen de inyección, 20 µl; flujo, 1,5 ml/min; tiempo de análisis, 9 min, fase móvil agua con ácido fórmico 0,5 % / acetonitrilo 65/35. Previo a la inyección cromatográfica, las muestras sufrieron un tratamiento consistente en la precipitación de proteínas con acetonitrilo y posterior centrifugación, inyectándose el sobrenadante. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS v. 25, considerando una p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativa.Resultados:El método puesto a punto es selectivo y lineal (r2 =1), con un coeficiente de variación ≤5 %. En cuanto a la exactitud y la precisión los coeficientes de variación fueron ≤ 5 %, cumpliendo así con los requisitos establecidos para el rango de concentraciones 0,1 µg/ml-10 µg/ml.Conclusiones:La selectividad y la sencillez del tratamiento de muestra hacen de él un método eficaz, rápido y sencillo para la determinación de voriconazol en suero y con sensibilidad mayor al de los inmunoensayos utilizados. (AU)


Background: The high increase of invasive fungal infections has increased the use of voriconazole as prophylaxis and treatment, being necessary to monitor its serum concentrations.Objective:To standardize and validate a simple method with high efficacy and specificity for the determination of voriconazole.Method:For the quantification of voriconazole, a Shimadzu high performance liquid chromatography equipment was used, coupled to an ultraviolet-visible diode array detector, performing the chromatographic separation with a Brisa LC2 C18 column. The chromatographic conditions defined were: column temperature, 35ºC; wavelength, 256 nm; injection volume, 20 µl; flow rate, 1.5 ml/min; analysis time, 9 min, mobile phase water with formic acid 0.5 % / acetonitrile 65/35. Prior to chromatographic injection, the samples underwent a treatment consisting of protein precipitation with acetonitrile and subsequent centrifugation, and the supernatant was injected The SPSS v. 25 statistical program was used, considering a p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results:The method developed is selective and linear (r2 =1), with a coefficient of variation ≤ 5%. In terms of accuracy and precision, the coefficients of variation were ≤ 5 %, thus complying with the requirements established for the concentration range 0.1 µg/ml-10 µg/ml.Conclusion:The selectivity and the simplicity of the sample treatment make it an effective, fast and simple method for the determination of voriconazole in serum and with a higher sensitivity than the immunoassays used. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Voriconazol , Micoses , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(2): 203-207, abr. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388341

RESUMO

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un escolar de 10 años, con el diagnóstico de una recaída de una leucemia mieloide aguda que cursó con un episodio de una neutropenia febril de alto riesgo, posterior a un ciclo intensivo de quimioterapia, evolucionando con una infección fúngica invasora demostrada por histopatología. Se inició tratamiento con voriconazol intravenoso, evolucionando con concentraciones plasmáticas erráticas que requirieron sucesivos ajustes de dosis, lo que también ocurrió con la administración oral del medicamento. Finalmente, tuvo una respuesta favorable al tratamiento, a pesar de la dificultad de la dosificación para alcanzar niveles terapéuticos. La búsqueda activa y la terapia antifúngica anticipada, así como la monitorización seriada de concentraciones terapéuticas de voriconazol, permitieron un tratamiento antifúngico óptimo y oportuno, mejorando el pronóstico del paciente.


Abstract We present a 10-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presenting with high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN), after a cycle of intensive chemotherapy, evolving with an invasive fungal infection demonstrated by histopathology. Treatment with intravenous voriconazole was started, with erratic plasmatic levels, which require successive dose adjustments which also occurred with oral administration. Finally, he had a favorable response to treatment, despite of the dosing difficulties to reach therapeutic levels. Active search as well as preemptive antifungal therapy, together with plasmatic level monitorization of voriconazole allowed a prompt recovery and improved the patient prognosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/microbiologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/diagnóstico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(1): 14-19, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388327

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Voriconazol es el antifúngico de elección para el tratamiento de la aspergilosis invasora (AI). Concentraciones plasmáticas (CPs) > 1 μg/mL se han asociado a mejores resultados terapéuticos, las que no siempre se alcanzan durante el tratamiento en niños inmunocomprometidos. Dada la necesidad de iniciar una terapia precoz y efectiva de la infección, es relevante establecer el régimen de administración de voriconazol que se asocie con CPs óptimas en esta población. OBJETIVO: Comparar las CPs y seguridad de voriconazol intravenoso (IV), dosificado BID y TID en niños inmunocomprometidos con indicación de tratamiento antifúngico. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de enero de 2015 a julio de 2018 en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad de Santiago de Chile, en pacientes de 0 a 17 años que recibieron tratamiento con voriconazol IV. Se excluyeron aquellos con terapia de reemplazo renal, falla hepática y/o falla renal. Se compararon las CPs valles entre un grupo con régimen de dosificación BID y otro grupo con administración TID. Se evaluaron las reacciones adversas en ambos grupos. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 137 CPs valles en 76 niños, con una mediana de edad de 9 años (0-17 años) en el grupo BID y 9 años (0-16 años) en el grupo TID, con una mediana de peso de 27 kg (6-83 kg) y 28 kg (9,3-60 kg), respectivamente. Resultados: Pacientes 1 gg/mL en comparación con la administración BID (p = 0,001). Se reportaron ocho reacciones adversas, principalmente fotofobia, sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre grupo BID y TID. CONCLUSIÓN: Dosificaciones TID están asociadas a una mayor probabilidad de obtener una adecuada exposición a voriconazol en pacientes < 12 años en comparación a dosificaciones BID, con baja frecuencia de reacciones adversas.


BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is the antifungal of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Plasma concentrations (PCs) > 1 μg / mL llave been associated with better therapeutic results which have not always been achieved during treatment in immunocompromised children. In the necessity to initiate early and effective therapy for the infection, it is relevant to establish the voriconazole administration regimen that is associated with optimal PCs in this population. AIM: To compare the PC and safety of intravenous (IV) voriconazole, dosed BID and TID in immunocompromised children with indication of antifungal treatment. METHOD: Retrospective observational study since January 2015 until July 2018 in a highly complex pediatric hospital in Santiago of Chile, in patients aged 0 to 17 years who received treatment with IV voriconazole. Those with renal replacement therapy, liver failure and / or renal failure were excluded. Trough PCs were compared between a group with BID dosing regimen versus another group with TID administration. Adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: 137 trough PCs were obtained in 76 children, with a median age of 9 years (0-17 years) in the BID group and 9 years (0-16) in the TID group with a median weight of 27 kg (6-83 kg) and 28 kg (9.3-60 kg), respectively. Patients 1 gg/mL compared to BID administration (p = 0.001). Eight adverse reactions were reported, mainly photophobia, with no significant difference found between the BID and TID groups. CONCLUSION: TID dosages are associated with a greater probability of obtaining adequate exposure to voriconazole in patients < 12 years old compared to BID dosages, with a low frequency of adverse reactions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Voriconazol , Antifúngicos
15.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop ; 16(2)dic. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387448

RESUMO

ResumenIntroducción: Es una de las infecciones oportunistas de mayor impacto en el paciente con patologías hematooncológicas, su detección precoz y tratamiento oportuno impide su diseminación. Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes hematológicos con aspergilosis pulmonar de pacientes internados en clínica médica en el Instituto de Previsión Social del Hospital Central durante 2016 a 2018. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, se incluyó a pacientes con patologías hematooncológicas e infección por aspergillus internados por un periodo de tres años. Resultados: Se incluyó a 55 pacientes, con edad promedio de 57,2±19,5 años. El 36,3% con edades comprendidas entre 40 a 59 años. 52,8% fue sexo femenino. 56,3% presentó hipertensión arterial. 27,2% linfoma no Hodking. 34,5% se encontraba en fase de mantenimiento al momento del diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar. Respecto al grado de neutropenia el 34,7% presentó neutropenia severa. El 83,6% fue diagnosticado a traves de TACAR y galactomanano. El tiempo de inicio de síntomas hasta el momento del diagnóstico en promedio de días fue de 12,4±4,7 días. 38,1% presentó esputo con aislamiento positivo. Del tratamiento antifúngicos el 78,2% recibió anfotericina B y 21,8% Voriconazol. En relación a la evolución clínica 50,9% fueron alta, el 25,45% requirieron de Unidad de cuidados intensivos, 23,6%obitaron. Conclusión: Las aspergilosis pulmonar se presentó con predominio femenino, la mayoría se encontraba con neutropenia severa en fase de mantenimiento quimioterápico, dos tercios fue tratado con anfotericina B y la mitad fue dado de alta médica.


AbstractIntroduction: It is one of the opportunistic infections with the greatest impact on the patient with hemato-oncological pathologies, its early detection and timely treatment prevents its spread. Objective: To determine risk factors for mortality in hematological patients with pulmonary aspergillosis of patients hospitalized in a medical clinic at the Social Security Institute of the Central Hospital during 2016 to 2018. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included patients with hemato-oncological pathologies and infection by aspergillus hospitalized for a period of three years. Results: 55 patients were included, with an average age of 57.2 ± 19.5 years. 36.3% with ages between 40 to 59 years. 52.8% were female. 56.3% presented hypertension. 27.2% non-Hodking lymphoma. 34.5% were in the maintenance phase at the time of pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis. Regarding the degree of neutropenia, 34.7% presented severe neutropenia. 83.6% were diagnosed through TACAR and galactomannan. Symptom onset time until diagnosis on average days was 12.4 ± 4.7 days. 38.1% presented sputum with positive isolation. Of the antifungal treatment, 78.2% received amphotericin B and 21.8% Voriconazole. In relation to the clinical evolution, 50.9% were high, 25.45% required an intensive care unit, 23.6% obliged. Conclusion: Pulmonary aspergillosis presented with a female predominance, the majority were with severe neutropenia in the phase of chemotherapy maintenance, two thirds were treated with amphotericin B and half were discharged medically.

16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(6): 754-760, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388316

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se han descrito coinfecciones fúngicas por Aspergillus spp. en pacientes críticos cursando una infección por COVID-19. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo con COVID-19, que cursan con aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (CAPA por sus siglas en inglés) en un centro hospitalario público. Pacientes y MÉTODOS: Revisión de registros clínicos durante 12 meses en pacientes con diagnóstico de CAPA mediante cultivos de muestras respiratorias o determinación de galactomanano (GM). RESULTADOS: En 11 pacientes se diagnosticó CAPA probable (score APACHE II promedio de 11,7). Las muestras respiratorias se obtuvieron en 73% de los casos por lavado broncoalveolar y en 27% por aspirado endotraqueal. Se aisló A. fumigatus en 4 cultivos, A. niger, A. terreus y Aspergillus spp en una ocasión cada uno y los cultivos fueron negativos en 4 muestras. En 7 pacientes se realizó GM de muestras respiratorias, mediana: 3,6 (RIC: 1,71 - 4,4), en 10 pacientes se realizó GM sérica, mediana: 0,5 (RIC: 0,265 - 0,975) con 50% de ellas > 0,5. Dos pacientes mostraron hallazgos sugerentes de CAPA en la tomografía computada. Todos recibieron terapia anti-fúngica con voriconazol, con una duración promedio 14 días. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de CAPA debe ser un diagnóstico a considerar en pacientes críticos con COVID-19.


BACKGROUND: Aspergillus spp. fungal coinfections have been described in critically ill COVID-19 patients. AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with COVID-19, who present with COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in a single public hospital. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical records during 12 months in patients diagnosed with CAPA by cultures of respiratory samples or determination of galactomannan (GM). RESULTS: Probable CAPA was diagnosed in 11 patients (average APACHE II score of 11.7). Respiratory samples were obtained in 73% of cases by bronchoalveolar lavage and in 27% by tracheal aspirate. A. fumigatus was isolated in 4 cultures, A. niger, A. terreus and Aspergillus spp on one occasion each and the cultures were negative in 4 samples. Respiratory sample GM was performed in 7 patients, median: 3.6 (IQR: 1.71 - 4.4). In 10 patients, serum GM was performed, median: 0.5 (IQR: 0.265 - 0.9 75) with 50% of them > 0.5. Two patients showed classic findings suggestive of CAPA on computed tomography. All received antifungal therapy with voriconazole, mean time 14 days. Four patients died. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CAPA should be a diagnosis to be considered in critically ill COVID-19 patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Aspergilose Pulmonar/complicações , Aspergilose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Aspergilose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/complicações , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/tratamento farmacológico , COVID-19/complicações , Aspergillus , Chile/epidemiologia , Estado Terminal , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitais Públicos
17.
Ars pharm ; 62(3): 305-314, jul.-sep. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216335

RESUMO

Introducción: Voriconazol presenta una alta variabilidad interindividual en sus concentraciones plasmáticas (Cp). Los objetivos son: (i) describir sus Cp en una cohorte adulta, (ii) estudiar sus potenciales causas de variabilidad y (iii) relacionarlas con las recomendaciones de monitorización farmacocinética actuales. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, incluyendo pacientes con ≥1 determinación de Cp mínima (Cmin) de voriconazol durante 2017. Resultados: Se analizaron 165 Cmin correspondientes a 51 pacientes. La mediana de Cmin fue de 2,4µg/mL (IQR:1,4-3,6), siendo <1µg/mL en 26 casos y >4µg/mL en 34. Se observaron Cmin significativamente superiores en >65 años (p=0,006) y en pacientes con albúmina <27g/L (p<0,001). Siguiendo las recomendaciones de monitorización de las Cp de voriconazol según la guía ESCMID-ECMM-ERS, se detectarían el 91,1% de Cmin que resultaron fuera de intervalo. Conclusiones: Observamos un 36,4% de las Cmin de voriconazol fuera del intervalo óptimo. Identificamos la edad y la concentración de albúmina como factores que influencian las Cp. (AU)


Introduction: Voriconazole presents a high interindividual variability in plasma concentrations. We aimed to: (i) describe plasma voriconazole concentrations (PVC) of an adult cohort, (ii) identify potential causes of variability and (iii) relate them with current pharmacokinetic monitoring recommendations. Method: Observational retrospective study. All patients with at least one determination of PVC during 2017 were included. Results: A total of 165 trough concentrations (Ctrough) were analyzed from 51 patients. The median Ctrough was 2.4μg/mL (IQR:1.4-3.6). Ctrough were <1μg/mL in 26 cases and >4 μg/mL in 34. Significantly higher concentrations were ob-served in patients older than 65 years (p=0.006) and in patients with albumin levels <27g/L (p<0.001). Following PVC’s monitoring recommendation from ESCMID-ECMM-ERS’s guideline, we would detect the 91.1% of Ctrough out of the interval. Conclusions: We observed 36.4% of PVC outside of its optimal range. We identified age and albumin concentration as factors that influence PVC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Voriconazol , Antifúngicos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Farmacocinética
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(4): 568-573, ago. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388274

RESUMO

Resumen Presentamos el caso clínico de una infección fúngica invasora con una conjuntivitis necrosante, escleritis y panuveitis unilateral por Scedosporium apiospermum en una mujer de 78 años con artritis reumatoidea con neutropenia secundaria a fármacos. El diagnóstico etiológico fue confirmado por cultivo micológico de secreción ocular con apoyo de MALDI-TOF-TOF e histopatología. El tratamiento incluyó aseos quirúrgicos asociado a terapia tópica y sistémica con voriconazol y corticoesteroides, con una evolución favorable a los dos meses de tratamiento. Una recaída obligó a un segundo curso terapéutico por 12 meses adicionales con mejoría y erradicación del agente. La conjuntivitis fúngica por S. apiospermum es un evento infrecuente asociado a pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Su tratamiento involucra desbridamientos quirúrgicos y terapia antifúngica prolongada.


Abstract We report a case of invasive fungal infection with necrotizing conjunctivitis, scleritis and unilateral panuveitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in a 78-year-old woman that developed neutropenia by drugs indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. The etiological diagnosis was confirmed by mycological culture of an ocular secretion with the support of MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis and histopathological findings. The treatment involved surgical debridements together with topical solution and systemic therapy with voriconazole and steroids with a favorable evolution after 2 months of treatment. A relapse required a second therapeutic course for an additional 12 months with improvement and eradication of the agent. Fungal conjunctivitis due to S. apiospermum is a rare event associated with immunosuppressed patients. Its treatment involves surgical debridements and prolonged antifungal therapy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico
19.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 38(3): 145-147, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33965316

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigates isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published. AIMS: To evaluate the synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin (Gla) and VRC against A. fumigatus isolates. METHODS: Potential interactions between Gla and VRC were studied by using a microdilution checkerboard method based on the CLSI reference technique. To assess the interaction of drugs the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated based on the Loewe Additivity model. RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained with Gla alone were relatively high (MIC50 16µg/ml). However, our results showed synergistic interaction between Gla and VRC against A. fumigatus strains, with FICI range values between 0.15 and 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Synergistic activity of Gla and VRC against both VRC-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus isolates may lead to design new antifungal agents, especially for inhibiting those azole-resistant strains.


Assuntos
Aspergillus fumigatus , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Isoflavonas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/farmacologia , Voriconazol/farmacologia
20.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(4): 397-400, ago. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154836

RESUMO

Resumen La traqueobronquitis aspergilar es una forma poco frecuente de aspergilosis invasiva reportada excepcionalmente en el paciente inmunocompetente. Su diagnóstico es difícil, y los tratamientos propuestos hasta ahora son de escasa efectividad, todo lo cual constituye un verdadero problema para el equipo de salud. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 28 años, inmunocompetente y sin antecedentes epidemiológicos, que desarrolló traqueobronquitis necrotizante por aspergilosis invasiva y recibió tratamiento con voriconazol con instilación local por broncoscopia con buena respuesta.


Abstract Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a rare form of invasive aspergillosis reported exceptionally in the immunocompetent patient. Its diagnosis is difficult, and the treatments proposed so far are of little effectiveness, all of which constitute a real problem for the health team. We present the case of an immunocompetent 28 yearsold woman, with no epidemiological background, who developed necrotizing tracheobronchitis due to invasive aspergillosis and received voriconazole with local instillation by bronchoscopy with a good response.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aspergilose , Infecções Respiratórias , Traqueíte , Bronquite , Broncoscopia , Antifúngicos
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