Pyrazines in food samples: Recent update on occurrence, formation, sampling, pretreatment and analysis methods.

Pyrazines are a class of active aromatic substances existing in various foods. The accumulation of pyrazines has an impact on flavor and quality of food products. This review encompasses the formation mechanisms and control strategies of pyrazines via Maillard reaction (MR), including the new reactants and emerging techniques. Pyrazines characteristics are better understood through the developed sample pretreatments and detection methods. Herein, an in-depth review of pretreatments and analysis methods since 2010 is presented to explore the simple, fast, green, and effective strategies. Sample preparation methods include liquid phase extraction, solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and microextraction methods such as liquid phase microextraction, and solid phase microextraction, etc. Detections are made by chromatographic methods, and sensors, etc. Advantages and limitations are discussed and compared for providing insights to further studies.

Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine paiteling in condyloma acuminatum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease. Previous studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that Paiteling (PTL), a Chinese patent medicine formula, can effectively relieve CA symptoms. However, the evidence needs to be more cohesive and there is a need for a clear summary of the existing RCTs to assess the overall efficacy and safety profile of PTL. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of RCTs, to examine the efficacy of PTL and physical therapies in CA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, etc. up to December 1, 2022. Revman 5.4 and Stata 15.0 was used for data statistics and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: 31 trials with a total of 2868 patients were included in this review. The results showed that PTL plus physical therapies were significantly more effective than physical therapies used alone (RR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.38, 1.86]; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed that the type of physical therapies, gender, and wart location might be the primary sources of heterogeneity. Additionally, PTL can reduce recurrence rates (RR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.19, 0.39]; P < 0.00001), improve the negative conversion rate of HPV (RR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.02, 1.30]; P = 0.02), and improve immune function. No severe adverse reactions or physical injuries were observed, making it a better choice for women planning to become pregnant. CONCLUSION: Compared with physical therapies, PTL can effectively eliminate CA symptoms and reduce the recurrence rates with safety ensured. However, due to the heterogeneity and methodological shortcomings, large sample sizes and high-quality rigorous RTCs are still needed to strengthen this clinical evidence.

Uzara (Xysmalobium undulatum) - An underutilized anti-diarrhoeic and spasmolytic herbal remedy.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Uzara, Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) W.T.Aiton, a herbal medicine for diarrhoea and smooth-muscle cramps is little-known outside Germany, where it has had a market presence for ∼110 years. The early introduction of this Southern African medicinal plant into Europe and the US was entrepreneurially driven, similar to buchu (Agathosma spp.) and Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides DC.). Much of its history of commercialization, from its origin, identity and supply chain to its composition and clinical evidence of efficacy and safety, has been poorly studied and/or scantly published. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this review is to uncover enough data to create a coherent timeline, many of which are published here for the first time, and to evaluate all published data, mostly historical and/or elusive, to corroborate Uzara's status as a safe and efficacious botanical medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: all scientific and common plant names combined with taxonomy, nomenclature, ethnobotany, traditional use, ecology, cultivation, sustainability, economy, trade, CITES, chemistry, biochemistry, compounds, pre-clinical, pharmacology, clinical, RCT, safety, toxicology, veterinary, review for the period of 1600-2022. Reference sections of selected publications were searched manually. Additionally, product registration databases of national competent health authorities in Europe were consulted for products, license holders and formulations. RESULTS: The authors find an underutilized potential of uzara as anti-diarrhoeic (with or without underlying infection) and spasmolytic remedy. A by-product of this review is a largely inclusive bibliography of publications on uzara. CONCLUSIONS: Further clinical research supporting antidiarrhoeal and spasmolytic efficacy would be desirable.

Chinese medicine as a therapeutic option for pulmonary fibrosis: Clinical efficacies and underlying mechanisms.

ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibrotic interstitial lung disease caused by continuous damage and excessive repair of alveolar epithelial cells, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. At present, the incidence of PF has increased significantly around the world. The therapeutic arsenals against PF are relatively limited, with often poor efficacy and many adverse effects. As a conventional and effective therapeutic strategy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in treating lung fibrosis for thousands of years in China. Due to the multi-ingredient, multi-target characteristics, Chinese medicines possess promising clinical benefits for PF treatment. AIM OF THIS REVIEW: This review aims to systematically analyze the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine on PF, and further summarize the relevant mechanisms of Chinese medicine treating PF in preclinical studies, in order to provide a comprehensive insight into the beneficial effects of Chinese medicines on PF. METHODS: Eight major Chinese and English databases were searched from database inception up to October 2022, and all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Chinese medicine intervention on effectiveness and safety in the treatment of PF patients were included. Subsequently, preclinical studies related to the treatment of PF in Chinese medicine, including Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese herbal materials and extracts, and Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) were searched through PubMed and Web of science to summarize the related mechanisms of Chinese medicine against PF. RESULTS: A total of 56 studies with 4019 patients were included by searching the relevant databases. Total clinical efficacy, pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, lung high resolution CT (HRCT), 6 min walk test (6-MWT), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, clinical symptom scores, TCM syndrome scores and other outcome indicators related to PF were analyzed. Besides, numerous preclinical studies have shown that many Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese herbal materials and extracts, and CHFs play a preventive and therapeutic role in PF by reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating inflammation, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblasts activation, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Chinese medicines show potential as supplements or substitutes for treating PF. And studies on Chinese medicines will provide a new approach to better management of PF.

Enhancing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals with Down syndrome: An integrative review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is a non-rare genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in every 800 live births worldwide. Further, it is associated with comorbidities, anatomical alterations of the respiratory tract, and immunological dysfunctions that make individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections. OBJECTIVE: To systematize the current scientific knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among individuals with DS. DESIGN AND SETTING: This integrative review was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This review was conducted in the following databases: the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, BVS), PubMed, and Web of Science, using MeSH descriptors. The search included English or Portuguese studies published between January 1, 2020, and October 14, 2022. RESULTS: A total of 55 articles from 24 countries were selected, comprising 21 case-control or cohort studies, 23 case reports or series, and 11 narrative reviews or opinion studies. The articles were grouped into five categories: previous comorbidities, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical features and evolution, cytokine storm and interleukins, living in institutions as a risk factor, and behavioral actions as a protective factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: Individuals with DS are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection due to variables such as previous comorbidities, immunological factors, and their habitable environments. These aspects confer a higher risk of infection and an unfavorable clinical course. The precise pathways involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in individuals with DS are not clear, thus requiring further studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The Open Science Framework registered the research protocol (https://osf.io/jyb97/).

Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity. With the increased degree and duration of distraction, spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology, histology, and behavior. Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury. In this study, we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury, focusing particularly on the neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characteristics of this disease. In addition, we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury. We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research, and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Plantas medicinais da caatinga: uma revisão integrativa dos saberes etnobotânicos no semiárido nordestino / Medicinal plants from the caatinga: an integrative review of ethnobotanical knowledge in the northeastern semi- arid region / Plantas medicinales de la caatinga: una revisión integradora del conocimiento etnobotánico en la región semiárida nororiental

A vegetação da Caatinga é rica em uma diversidade de espécies vegetais utilizadas para satisfazer as necessidades humana. Muitas dessas espécies são utilizadas para fins terapêuticos por populações. As formas de uso dessas espécies podem ser registradas e resgatadas através de estudos etnobotânicos, os quais contribuem no levantamento das potencialidades dos recursos vegetais, bem como em planos de recuperação e conservação da vegetação. Assim, com base em uma revisão integrativa, o presente trabalho buscou copilar informações sobre como os trabalhos de etnobotânica das plantas medicinais estão sendo desenvolvidos, assim como a respeito das principais espécies e famílias botânicas de potencial medicinal descritas, em levantamentos realizados em áreas caatinga localizadas na região semiárida do Nordeste. Para isso, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2022, que abordassem a temática relacionada. Foram considerados trabalhos publicados no formato de artigos originais, disponíveis de forma online, gratuito e completo, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. Esses artigos foram consultados em diferentes bases de dados. A análise integrativa evidenciou as características das publicações, como a concentração de estudos direcionados aos estados da Bahia, Paraíba e Pernambuco, bem como demonstrou uma rica diversidade de plantas medicinais que são utilizadas pela população no semiárido nordestino, destacando-se, principalmente, os saberes tradicionais sobre as suas formas de uso e propriedades terapêuticas.

The Caatinga vegetation is rich in a diversity of plant species used to satisfy human needs. Many of these species are used for therapeutic purposes by populations. The forms of use of these species can be registered and rescued through ethnobotanical studies, which contribute to the survey of the potential of plant resources, as well as plans for the recovery and conservation of vegetation. Thus, based on an integrative review, the present work sought to compile information on how ethnobotany works on medicinal plants are being developed, as well as on the main species and botanical families with medicinal potential described, in surveys carried out in caatinga areas located in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. For this, articles published between the years 2010 and 2022 that addressed the related theme were selected. Works published in the format of original articles, available online, free and complete, in Portuguese and English, were considered. These articles were consulted in different databases. The integrative analysis showed the characteristics of the publications, such as the concentration of studies directed to the states of Bahia, Paraíba and Pernambuco, as well as demonstrating a rich diversity of medicinal plants that are used by the population in the northeastern semi-arid region, highlighting, mainly, the knowledge traditional practices about their forms of use and therapeutic properties.

La vegetación de la Caatinga es rica en una diversidad de especies vegetales utilizadas para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Muchas de estas especies son utilizadas con fines terapéuticos por las poblaciones. Las formas de uso de estas especies pueden ser registradas y rescatadas a través de estudios etnobotánicos, que contribuyen al levantamiento del potencial de los recursos vegetales, así como a los planes de recuperación y conservación de la vegetación. Así, a partir de una revisión integradora, el presente trabajo buscó recopilar información sobre cómo se están desarrollando los trabajos etnobotánicos sobre plantas medicinales, así como sobre las principales especies y familias botánicas con potencial medicinal descritas, en relevamientos realizados en áreas de caatinga ubicadas en la región semiárida del Nordeste. Para ello, se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2022 que abordaran la temática relacionada. Se consideraron trabajos publicados en formato de artículos originales, disponibles en línea, gratuitos y completos, en portugués e inglés. Estos artículos fueron consultados en diferentes bases de datos. El análisis integrador mostró las características de las publicaciones, como la concentración de estudios dirigidos a los estados de Bahía, Paraíba y Pernambuco, además de demostrar una rica diversidad de plantas medicinales que son utilizadas por la población de la región semiárida del nordeste, destacándose, principalmente, los conocimientos tradicionales sobre sus formas de uso y propiedades terapéuticas.

La asistencia telefónica de las enfermedades neurológicas: una revisión sistemática / Telephone assistance for neurological diseases: a systematic review

Introducción y objetivo: Es conocido que parte de la asistencia a los pacientes neurológicos se presta por teléfono, pero desconocemos las enfermedades que se atienden de esta manera y qué partes de la asistencia se proporcionan así. Pretendemos averiguarlo a través de esta revisión bibliográfica. Materiales y métodos: Se han revisado sistemáticamente las referencias sobre asistencia telefónica a enfermedades neurológicas accesibles a través de las plataformas PubMed, Embase y Cochrane, sin fecha de inicio y hasta el 3 de abril de 2022. Se encontraron 618 referencias, de las que 219 no pasaron los criterios de exclusión, por lo que se revisaron 399. Resultados: Hay un aumento de publicaciones en los últimos años y, aunque la demencia no es la enfermedad más prevalente, es el área de la neurología con más publicaciones sobre asistencia telefónica. Le siguen los ictus, el traumatismo craneoencefálico, la esclerosis múltiple, la enfermedad de Parkinson y trastornos del movimiento, la epilepsia, las enfermedades neuromusculares y otras. Discusión y conclusiones. Las demencias son las enfermedades con más referencias bibliográficas sobre su asistencia telefónica a pesar de no ser las más prevalentes. Con frecuencia, el teléfono se utiliza para administrar escalas diagnósticas o apoyar a los cuidadores, y es especialmente útil en enfermedades que dificultan la movilidad y acudir presencialmente.(AU)

Introduction and aim: While part of the care for neurological patients is done by telephone, it is not well known what neurological diseases and which part of that care is provided by telephone. Our goal is to find it out through a bibliographic review. Materials and methods: References on telephone care for neurological diseases accessible through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane platforms have been systematically reviewed, with an unspecified start date and up to March 2022. We found 618 references, and as 219 did not pass the exclusion criteria, 399 were finally included in the review. Results: Dementia is the area of neurology with more publications about its telephone assistance. It is followed by stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders, epilepsy, neuromuscular disorders, and others. Discussion and conclusions: Dementias are the diseases with more bibliographic references on their telephone assistance despite not being the most prevalent. The telephone is frequently used to administer diagnostic scales or support caregivers and is particularly useful in diseases that limit mobility and attending a medical practice.(AU)

Efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética. Método: revisión sistemática realizada en siete bases de datos, un índice bibliográfico, una biblioteca electrónica y literatura gris. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados. La síntesis de los resultados fue descriptiva y mediante metaanálisis. Resultados: las tecnologías educativas predominantes fueron la capacitación y la orientación verbal, se destacaron las tecnologías blandas-duras. En comparación con la atención habitual, las tecnologías educativas demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) y la evaluación de certeza de evidencia fue baja. Las tecnologías educativas también demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de amputación en miembros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) y la certeza de evidencia fue muy baja. Conclusión: tecnologías educativas blandas-duras, como orientación verbal estructurada, juegos educativos, clase expositiva, capacitación teórico-práctica, video educativo, folder, rotafolio educativo y dibujos lúdicos, y tecnologías duras, como calzado terapéutico, plantillas, termómetro infrarrojo digital, kits para el cuidado de los pies, aplicación de telemedicina y teléfono móvil, resultaron efectivas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la úlcera diabética, sin embargo, es necesario que se realicen estudios más robustos.

Objective: to analyze the effects of educational technologies in the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers. Method: a systematic review conducted in seven databases, a bibliographic index, an electronic library and the Gray Literature. The sample consisted of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials. The synthesis of the results was descriptive and through meta-analysis. Results: the predominant educational technologies were training sessions and verbal guidelines, with soft-hard technologies standing out. When compared to usual care, the educational technologies presented a protective factor to prevent the incidence of diabetic ulcers (RR=0.40; 95% CI=0.18-0.90; p=0.03) and the certainty of the evidence assessment was low. The educational technologies also had a protective factor to prevent the incidence of lower limb amputations (RR=0.53; 95% CI=0.31-0.90; p=0.02) and certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: soft-hard educational technologies such as structured verbal guidelines, educational games, lectures, theoretical-practical training sessions, educational videos, folders, serial albums and playful drawings, and hard technologies such as therapeutic footwear, insoles, infrared digital thermometer, foot care kits, Telemedicine app and mobile phone use, were effective for the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers, although more robust studies are required.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética. Método: revisão sistemática conduzida em sete bases de dados, um índice bibliográfico, uma biblioteca eletrônica e na literatura cinzenta. A amostra foi constituída de 11 ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados. A síntese dos resultados foi descritiva e por meio de metanálise. Resultados: as tecnologias educativas predominantes foram os treinamentos e as orientações verbais, destacando-se as tecnologias leve-duras. Na comparação com o cuidado usual, as tecnologias educativas apresentaram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) e a avaliação de certeza da evidência foi baixa. As tecnologias educativas também tiveram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de amputação em membros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) e a certeza da evidência foi muito baixa. Conclusão: as tecnologias educativas leve-duras, como orientações verbais estruturadas, jogos educativos, aula expositiva, treinamentos teórico-práticos, vídeo educativo, folder, álbum seriado e desenhos lúdicos, e as tecnologias duras, a exemplo do calçado terapêutico, palmilhas, termômetro digital de infravermelho, kits de cuidados com os pés, aplicativo de telemedicina e telefone móvel, foram efetivas para prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética, porém, estudos mais robustos são necessários.

Intervención educativa realizada por enfermeros para el control de la presión arterial: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Educational intervention performed by nurses for blood pressure control: a systematic review with meta-analysis / Intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la intervención educativa que realizan los enfermeros para controlar la presión arterial en personas con hipertensión arterial, en comparación con los cuidados habituales. Método: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados realizada en seis bases de datos. Se incluyeron estudios en los cuales el enfermero llevó a cabo la intervención educativa en la persona con hipertensión arterial. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta Risk of Bias Tool, el metaanálisis se hizo utilizando el software Review Manager y la certeza de la evidencia se calculó usando el sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: se encontraron 1692 estudios revisados por pares y se incluyeron ocho artículos en el metaanálisis. El metaanálisis se calculó para el resultado presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica, subagrupados por tiempo y tipo de implementación de la intervención. Para la intervención educativa presencial, realizada d forma individual combinada con actividad grupal, la estimativa del efecto fue -12,41 mmHg (Intervalo de Confianza 95%, -16,91 a -7,91, p<0,00001) para la presión sistólica y -5,40 mmHg (Intervalo 95% Confianza, -7,98 a -2,82, p<0,0001) para la presión diastólica, con certeza de evidencia alta. Conclusión: a intervención educativa realizada por el enfermero, de forma individual combinada con la actividad grupal, tiene efecto clínico y estadísticamente significativo. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021282707.

Objetivo: to assess the effect of an educational intervention performed by nurses for blood pressure control in people with arterial hypertension, when compared to usual care. Método: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, conducted in six databases. The studies included were those in which an educational intervention was performed by nurses on people with arterial hypertension. The risk of bias was assessed by means of the Risk of Bias Tool, the meta-analysis was performed in the Review Manager software and certainty of the evidence was calculated in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Resultados: a total of 1,692 studies were found, which were peer-reviewed, including eight of them in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was calculated for the "systolic blood pressure" and diastolic blood pressure" outcomes, in subgroups by time and by intervention performance type. For the in-person educational intervention, performed individually combined with a group activity, the effect estimate was -12.41 mmHg (95% Confidence Interval: from -16.91 to -7.91, p<0,00001) for systolic pressure and -5.40 mmHg (95% Confidence Interval: from -7.98 to -2.82, p<0,00001) for diastolic pressure, with high certainty of evidence. Conclusión: the educational intervention performed by nurses, individually and combined with a group activity, presents a statistically significant clinical effect. PROSPERO registration No.: CRD42021282707.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial em pessoas com hipertensão arterial, comparada com cuidado habitual. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados realizada em seis bases de dados. Foram incluídos estudos em que a intervenção educativa foi realizada pelo enfermeiro à pessoa com hipertensão arterial. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela Risk of Bias Tool, a metanálise no software Review Manager e a certeza da evidência no sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: foram encontrados 1692 estudos, revisados por pares, e oito artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. A metanálise foi calculada para o desfecho pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica, em subgrupo por tempo e por tipo de execução da intervenção. Para a intervenção educativa presencial, realizada de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, a estimativa de efeito foi de -12.41 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -16.91 a -7.91, p<0.00001) para pressão arterial sistólica e -5.40 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -7.98 a -2.82, p<0.0001) para pressão arterial diastólica, com certeza da evidência alta. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa realizada pelo enfermeiro, de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, apresenta efeito clínico e estatisticamente significativo. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021282707.

Resultados negativos asociados a la medicación y reacciones adversas a medicamentos en servicio de urgencias. Estudio exploratorio de vida real / Negative outcomes associated with medication and adverse drug reactions in the emergency department. Real-life exploratory study

Introducción. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la prevalencia de los resultados negativos asociados a la medicación (RNM) y reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) que tienen los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU) de un centro de salud. Método. Estudio observacional exploratorio, de corte transversal, en pacientes con RNM que consultan en un servicio de urgencias. La información, acorde con las variables de interés, se recolectó con un instrumento diseñado y evaluado para ello. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística multivariante sobre los RNM encontrados, para determinar las variables más importantes que predisponen a la aparición de RNM. Además, se determinó la evitabilidad de RNM (criterio de Baena et al.), la gravedad de RNM (clasificación de Schneider) y la causalidad de RAM (algoritmo de Naranjo). Resultados. Un total de 158 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. La prevalencia de visitas al SU motivados por RNM fue 35,0 % (55 pacientes) y de RAM fue de 5,1 % (8 pacientes). El 88,0 % de los RNM se consideraron evitables y el 74,0 % fueron de gravedad leve. Por otra parte, el 37,5 % (n=3) de RAM fueron clasificadas como evitables y el 50,0 % como probables. El modelo logístico multivariado indica una posible asociación entre los RNM con bajos niveles de escolaridad, la utilización de plantas medicinales y el número de enfermedades concomitantes. Conclusiones. La visita de 1 de cada 3 pacientes al servicio de urgencias está asociado a un RNM; mientras que 1 de cada 20 lo está a una RAM. Otros estudios son necesarios (AU)

Introduction. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of negative outcomes associated with medication (NOMs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring in the emergency department (ED) of a health centre.Method. An exploratory observational, cross-sectional study of patients with NOMs consulting in an ED. According to the variables of interest, the information was collected with an instrument designed and evaluated for this pur-pose.A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to the NOMs and found the most important variables predis-posing to the appearance of NOM. In addition, the avoid ability of NOM (Baena et al. criteria), the severity of NOM (Schneider classification) and the causality of ADR (Naranjo algorithm) were shown.Results. A total of 158 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of visits to the ED due to NOM was 35.0 % (55 patients) and ADR was 5.1 % (8 patients). Overall, 88.0 % of the ADRs were considered avoidable and 74.0 % were of mild severity. On the other hand, 37.5 % (n=3) of suspected ADR were classified as avoidable and 50.0 % as probable. The multivariate logistic model indicates a possible association between NOMs with lower levels of schooling, the use of medicinal plants and the number of diseases.Conclusions. The visit of 1 in 3 patients to the emergency department is associated with a NOM, while 1 in 20 is associated with an ADR. Further studies are needed. (AU)

Bienestar eudaimónico y meditación mindfulness en los contextos laborales: una revisión sistemática / Eudaimonic Well-Being and Mindfulness Meditation in the Work-place: A Systematic Review

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness (IBMs) sobre variables relacionadas con el bienestar eudaimónico en contextos laborales. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados, efectuándose una búsqueda de publicaciones relevantes en las bases de datos PsycInfo, Pubmed y ProQuest (acotando desde enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2019). Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron variables relacionadas con la eudaimonia (p. ej. resilience, maturity, wisdom, etc.). 9006 estudios fueron revisados, de los que 16 fueron incluidos finalmente. Se identificaron 9 variables psicológicas relacionadas con el modelo de bienestar eudaimónico de Ryff (2018). Los estudios diferían en el tipo de IBM, duración de la intervención, tiempo de práctica y variables eudaimónicas evaluadas. En general, las IBMs son eficaces, con tamaños de efecto medios, para mejorar autoaceptación, relaciones positivas y crecimiento personal. No obstante, son necesarios nuevos estudios de mayor calidad.(AU)

This systematic review analyzes the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on variables related to eudaimonic well-being in or-ganizational contexts. A searchfor relevant publications was conducted in the PsycInfo, Pubmed, and ProQuest databases, ranging from January 2009 to December 2019. The search terms included variables related to Ryff's psychological well-being model (2018) (e.g., resilience, maturity, wis-dom, autonomy, etc.). 9006 studies were reviewed following the PRISMA guidelines, of which 16 were included. Nine psychological variables related to eudaimonia were identified. The studies differed in the type of MBI, du-ration of the intervention, time of practice and eudaimonic variables evalu-ated. MBIs are effective, with medium effect sizes, to improve self-acceptance, positive relationships, and personal growth. However, high-quality studies are needed.(AU)

Do external urine collection devices reduce contamination in urine samples for women with symptoms of urinary tract infection? A systematic review / ¿Reducen los dispositivos externos de recogida de orina la contaminación de las muestras de orina en mujeres con síntomas de infección urinaria? Una revisión sistemática

Introduction: To evaluate the impact of external urine collection devices (UCD) on contamination of urine samples in women with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Methods: This review was conducted according to the Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42021241758). PubMed was searched for paired sample studies and controlled trials. Studies comparing UCDs with non-invasive urine collection procedures were considered. Results: Only two studies were found. Neither of the two studies found any difference regarding contamination between specimens collected with the UCDs compared and non-invasive techniques. In the largest study, including 1264 symptomatic women, 18.8% of those allocated to UCDs failed to collect urine samples successfully. Conclusions: More studies involving women with symptoms of urinary tract infection are needed to produce more robust data on the impact of these devices on urine contamination rates.

Introducción: Evaluar el impacto de los dispositivos externos de recogida de orina (DERO) sobre la contaminación en muestras de orina en mujeres con síntomas de infección urinaria. Métodos: Esta revisión siguió la pauta de revisiones sistemáticas de pruebas diagnósticas (PROSPERO CRD42021241758). Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed de estudios de muestras pareadas y ensayos controlados. Se consideraron los estudios que compararon los DERO con procedimientos no invasivos de recogida de orina. Resultados: Solo se hallaron 2 estudios. Ninguno encontró diferencia alguna en la contaminación de las muestras recogidas con DERO y técnicas no invasivas. En el estudio más grande, que incluyó a 1.264 mujeres sintomáticas, el 18,8% de las asignadas a los DERO no pudieron recoger las muestras satisfactoriamente. Conclusiones: Se necesitan más estudios con mujeres con síntomas de infección urinaria para tener datos más consistentes del impacto de estos dispositivos sobre la contaminación de las muestras urinarias.(AU)

Fresado a bajas revoluciones sin irrigación versus fresado a altas revoluciones con irrigación para la preparación del lecho implantológico: una revisión bibliográfica de estudios clínicos / Low-speed drilling without irrigation versus high-speed drilling with irrigation for implant bed preparation: a literature review of clinical studies

El fresado a bajas revoluciones sin irrigación ha sido descrito como una técnica para la preparación del lecho implantológico. Diversas ventajas sobre el fresado convencional han sido reportadas, sin embargo, existe la sospecha de que el sobrecalentamiento óseo pueda afectar los parámetros clínicos relacionados con el implante dental. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar las diferencias clínicas entre el fresado de baja velocidad sin irrigación y el fresado de alta velocidad con irrigación para la preparación del lecho implantológico. Un total de 124 artículos fueron encontrados y finalmente 9 artículos se incluyeron en la revisión. La evidencia científica actual muestra tasas de éxito y pérdida ósea marginal periimplantaria sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos técnicas. Además, la mayor cantidad y las mejores características histomorfológicas y celulares del hueso recolectado mediante el fresado a bajas revoluciones sin irrigación suponen una ventaja a tener en cuenta. El calentamiento óseo se mantiene por debajo de la temperatura crítica para la osteonecrosis térmica en ambas técnicas. En conclusión, el fresado a bajas revoluciones sin irrigación puede considerarse una técnica segura y predecible tanto como el fresado convencional. Además, la obtención de hueso autólogo en mayor cantidad y con mejores características celulares pueden aportar al clínico un recurso eficaz para ciertas situaciones clínicas. Aunque se necesitan mayor número de estudios clínicos. (AU)

Low-speed drilling without irrigation has been described as a technique for preparing the implant bed. Different advantages over conventional drilling have been mentioned, however, the suspicion of bone overheating and therefore its possible affectation to the clinical parameters related to the dental implant. The aim of this review was to assess the clinical differences between low-speed drilling without irrigation and high-speed drilling with irrigation for implant site preparation. A total of 124 articles were found and finally 9 articles were included in the review. Current scientific evidence shows success rates and marginal peri-implant bone loss without statistically significant differences between the two techniques. In addition, the greater quantity and the better histomorphological and cellular characteristics of the bone collected by drilling at low revolutions without irrigation represent an advantage to be taken into account. Bone temperature is maintained below the critical temperature for thermal osteonecrosis for the both techniques. In conclusion, low-speed reaming without irrigation may require as much a safe and predictable technique as conventional reaming. In addition, obtaining autologous bone in greater quantities and with better cellular characteristics can provide the clinician with an effective resource for certain clinical situations. However, more clinical studies are needed. (AU)

Analysis of academic performance according to levels of physical activity and life satisfaction. A systematic review / Análisis del rendimiento académico según los niveles de actividad física y satisfacción vital. Una revisión sistemática

Academic performance is one of the most studied variables in the educational context. Likewise, students' physical activity and quality of life have a direct incidence on their academic success. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to analyse the effects of physical activity and quality of life on students' academic performance. The Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases were used to select articles published between 2013 and 2023. The criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed for the elaboration of the systematic review, with the final sample of 17 articles. Results show how regular physical activity improves academic performance in mathematics and language. Moreover, it is also observed that quality of life also plays a key role in the drop-out or lower grade point average of students at any educational stage. (AU)

El rendimiento académico es una de las variables más estudiadas en el contexto educativo. Asimismo, la actividad física y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes tienen una incidencia directa en su éxito académico. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar los efectos de la actividad física y la calidad de vida en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed para seleccionar los artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023. Para la elaboración de la revisión sistemática se siguieron los criterios establecidos por la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), siendo la muestra final de 17 artículos. Los resultados muestran cómo la práctica regular de actividad física mejora el rendimiento académico en matemáticas y lengua. Además, también se observa que la calidad de vida juega un papel clave en el abandono o la disminución de la nota media de los alumnos en cualquier etapa educativa. (AU)

Programas de prevención de lesiones en la clase de Educación Física. Una revisión sistemática / Injury prevention programmes in the physical education classroom. A systematic review

Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas están relacionadas en gran medida con la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva. En el caso de los niños y adolescentes se vinculan al ejercicio que realizan en el transcurso de las clases de Educación Física o las actividades deportivas extraescolares. En esta revisión sistemática, el objetivo de investigación es conocer la tipología lesional existente en el contexto escolar educativo y los programas de prevención vinculados a la descripción de las lesiones que se producen en él y conocer los programas de prevención que se implementan por docentes de Educación Física en el transcurso de sus clases. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica durante los meses de enero y febrero del año 2023 en las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed. Como motores de búsqueda se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: "injur*", "prevent*”, “program*" y "physical education"; empleándose el operador boleano “and”. Como conclusión destaca la necesidad de continuar investigando y desarrollando programas efectivos de prevención de lesiones en el ámbito escolar y deportivo con el fin de proteger la salud y seguridad de los estudiantes. (AU)

Musculoskeletal injuries are largely related to the practice of physical-sporting activity. In the case of children and adolescents, they are linked to the exercise they carry out during Physical Education classes or extracurricular sports activities. In this systematic review, the aim of the research is to find out about the types of injuries that exist in the educational school context and the prevention programmes linked to the description of the injuries that occur in it and to find out about the prevention programmes that are implemented by Physical Education teachers in the course of their classes. A search of scientific literature was carried out during the months of January and February 2023 in the Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used as search engines: "injur*", "prevent*", "program*" and "physical education", using the Boolean operator "and". In conclusion, it highlights the need to continue researching and developing effective injury prevention programmes in schools and sports in order to protect the health and safety of students. (AU)

Young Adult Cancer Care Partners: A Theoretical Description of an Emerging Population with Unique Needs.

As the U.S. population's demographics shift, young U.S. adults are increasingly engaged in informal caregiving for aging generations. Yet, there is little research on the unique experiences and needs of young adults who take on caregiving roles for adult cancer patients. Herein we demonstrate through a theoretical description that young adult cancer care partners deserve distinct recognition in the cancer control continuum given the psychological, physical, financial, and social features unique to their cancer experience.

Strategies to improve hidden curriculum in nursing and medical education: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The importance of hidden curriculum cannot be neglected in education. Despite much research in the field, there have been limited studies on HC improvement in nursing and medical education. This scoping review aimed to determine the scope of strategies to improve HC in nursing and medical education. METHOD: PubMed, EBSCO/Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest and Persian-language databases of Magiran and SID were searched in January 2023 without a time filter. According to the PRISMA flow diagram, two independent reviewers selected the records that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria via title and abstract screening. Next, the reviewers studied the full texts of the related articles. The data extracted from the selected articles were tabulated and ultimately synthesized. FINDINGS: Out of the eight examined studies, published from 2017 to 2022, only one was in the field of nursing and seven were in medicine. The central strategies were implementing new curricula to replace the previous ones, utilizing team-based clinical clerkship, proposing a HC improvement model, implementation a case-based faculty development workshop, implementation longitudinal and comprehensive educational courses, and incorporating an educational activity into a small group program. CONCLUSION: Students and faculty members familiarization on the topic of HC, implementing new curricula, utilizing team-based clerkship, and using comprehensive models were among the HC improvement strategies. Focusing on upgrading the learning environment, particularly the clinical settings, can also be helpful in HC improvement.

The facilitators and barriers of mHealth adoption and use among people with a low socio-economic position: A scoping review.

Background: Despite the fact that 95% of the global population has a mobile phone, the adoption of mHealth lags among people with a low socio-economic position (SEP). As they face health risks and many barriers in the traditional offline healthcare system, mHealth has an important role. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that promote and impede mHealth adoption among people with a lower SEP. Objective: The current study aims to provide an overview of what is known about the facilitators and barriers to the adoption and use of autonomous mHealth applications among people with low SEP. Methods: A PRISMA scoping review in which the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo and SocINDEX were searched in the period of March 2017 to March 2022. Results: Of the 1827 indexed papers, 13 papers were included in the review. In these papers, 30 factors have been identified as promoting or hindering the adoption of autonomous mHealth applications among low SEP people. Conclusions: Thirty factors were found to facilitate or impede mHealth adoption among people with a low SEP, categorised into intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, ecological and app specific levels. Factors are assumed to be interrelated. The relationship between traditional (offline) care and digital care appeared to be of particular interest as the current study revealed that face-to-face contact is a prerequisite of mHealth adoption among people with low SEP. Therefore, a well-structured cosmopolitan system of stakeholders has been recommended. Trial registration: This study was registered in OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ATU9D).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of bovine brucellosis seroprevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Introduction: Bovine brucellosis is a significant public health problem in countries with economic and zoonotic implications. Although relevant, there are no previous systematic reviews about bovine brucellosis in Latin America. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review in five data-bases to assess the seroprevalence of Brucella in cattle. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In addition, measures of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q statistic and I2 test) were reported. Results: The literature search yielded 3,403 articles, of which 65 studies were fully valid for analysis. The pooled seroprevalence for Brucella in bovine (n â€‹= â€‹46,883,177) was 4.0% (95%CI: 3.0%-5.0%; p â€‹< â€‹0.001), and Venezuela was the country with the highest prevalence (16.0%). By regions, the highest seroprevalence is in Central America and the Caribbean islands (8.0%,95%CI: 3.0%-15.0%; p â€‹< â€‹0.001, I2 â€‹= â€‹99.85). Conclusions: Some countries reported still relevant seroprevalences of bovine brucellosis, especially at the Central America and Caribbean islands. Multiple factors may influence the survival and spread of pathogens in the environment; farms located in regions bordering forest areas, in areas of difficult access to the veterinary service; extensive beef herds raised at pastures with different age and productive groups inter-mingled, and minimal concerns regarding hygiene practices and disease prevention measures. Bovine brucellosis has not been eliminated and needs to be considered with new tools for prevention and control, especially being a zoonosis.