Synergistic antitumor activity of oridonin and valproic acid on HL-60 leukemia cells.

BACKGROUND: Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with potent anticancer activities. Valproic acid (VPA) is a recently emerged antineoplastic histone deacetylase inhibitor. The aim of the present study is to investigate the synergistic role of oridonin and VPA to inhibit the growth and metastasis of human leukemia cells. METHODS: The effect of oridonin and VPA on proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell and scratch assays, respectively. In addition, cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The inhibitive effects of oridonin and VPA in vivo were determined by using xenografted nude mice. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that oridonin in combination with VPA synergistically inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and induced obvious caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which is involved in the downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, the combination treatment in vivo remarkably reduced the xenograft tumor size and triggered tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the novel combination of oridonin plus VPA exerted synergistic antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on human myeloid leukemia cells, and may serve as a potentially promising antileukemia strategy.

Valproic acid in combination with all-trans retinoic acid and intensive therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in older patients.

The outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are older than 60 years has remained poor because of unfavorable disease characteristics and patient-related factors. The randomized German-Austrian AML Study Group 06-04 protocol was designed on the basis of in vitro synergistic effects of valproic acid (VPA) and all-trans retinoic acid with chemotherapy. Between 2004 and 2006, 186 patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 induction cycles with idarubicin, cytarabine, and all-trans retinoic acid either with VPA or without (STANDARD). In all patients, consolidation therapy was intended. Complete remission rates after induction tended to be lower in VPA compared with STANDARD (40% vs 52%; P = .14) as a result of a higher early death rate (26% vs 14%; P = .06). The main toxicities attributed to VPA were delayed hematologic recovery and grade 3/4 infections, observed predominantly during the second induction cycle. After restricting VPA to the first induction cycle and reducing the dose of idarubicin, these toxicities dropped to rates observed in STANDARD. After a median follow-up time of 84 months, event-free and overall survival were not different between the 2 groups (P = .95 and P = .57, respectively). However, relapse-free-survival was significantly superior in VPA compared with STANDARD (24.4% vs 6.4% at 5 years; P = .02). Explorative subset analyses revealed that AML with mutated Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) may particularly benefit from VPA. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00151255.

[The original nootropic and neuroprotective drug noopept potentiates the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice].

The influence of the original dipeptide drug noopept, known to possess nootrope, neuroprotector, and anxiolytic properties, on the anticonvulsant activity of the antiepileptic drug valproate has been studied on the model of corazole-induced convulsions in mice. Neither a single administration of noopept (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) nor its repeated introduction in 10 or 35 days enhanced the convulsant effect of corazole, which is evidence that noopept alone does not possess anticonvulsant properties. Prolonged (five weeks) preliminary administration of noopept enhanced the anticonvulsant activity of valproate. This result justifies the joint chronic administration of noopept in combination with valproate in order to potentiate the anticonvulsant effect of the latter drug. In addition, the administration of noopept favorably influences the cognitive functions and suppresses the development of neurodegenerative processes.

Epilepsia Mioclónica Juvenil (Síndrome de Janz) / Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Las convulsiones mioclónicas representan uno de los tipos de epilepsia, que aunque poco frecuentes, son importantes en la infancia. La epilepsia mioclónica juvenil es un síndrome epiléptico generalizado que ocurre en el 2.7 a 11 por ciento de todos los síndromes convulsivos en pediatría; puede tener un inicio tan temprano comolos ocho años y tan tardío como 24 y 40 años. Se caracteriza por sacudidas mioclónicas al despertar, ausencias típicas y crisis tónico-clónicas generalizadas, exploración neurológica normal y anomalías típicas en el electroencefalograma; la caída recordada y la conciencia es conservada durante el ataque. Los factores desencadenantes pueden ser detectados en el 93 por ciento de los pacientes y deben ser evitados. El fármaco de elección es el ácido valproico; este permite controlar las crisis en el 64 a 90 por ciento de los casos. En ocasiones se utiliza la terapia multidroga, principalmente cuando la respuesta clínica al ácido valproico como monoterapia no es la adecuada. El riesgo de recidivas, al interrumpir la farmacoterapia es de 75 a 100 por ciento